Solutions: Ratios and Rates Test

Section A: Multiple Choice Explanations

1.​ Answer: c) $5:7$
○​ The question asks for the ratio of apples to oranges.
○​ Count of apples = 5. Count of oranges = 7.
○​ Ratio = $5:7$.
2.​ Answer: b) $9:12$
○​ To find an equivalent ratio to $3:4$, multiply both terms by the same number.
○​ If we multiply by 3: $3 \times 3 = 9$ and $4 \times 3 = 12$.
○​ Result: $9:12$.
3.​ Answer: a) $50$ mph
○​ $\text{Unit Rate} = \frac{\text{Total Distance}}{\text{Total Time}}$.
○​ $\frac{150 \text{ miles}}{3 \text{ hours}} = 50 \text{ miles per hour}$.
4.​ Answer: c) $6$
○​ Ratio is 2 flour : 3 cookies.
○​ We want to make 9 cookies.
○​ To get from 3 cookies to 9 cookies, we multiply by 3 (Scale factor = 3).
○​ Multiply flour by same factor: $2 \times 3 = 6$ cups.
5.​ Answer: c) $2:3$
○​ Ratio $12:18$. Both numbers are divisible by 6.
○​ $12 \div 6 = 2$.
○​ $18 \div 6 = 3$.
○​ Simplified: $2:3$.
6.​ Answer: b) $15$ feet
○​ Conversion factor: 1 yard = 3 feet.
○​ $5 \text{ yards} \times 3 \frac{\text{feet}}{\text{yard}} = 15 \text{ feet}$.
7.​ Answer: b) $(2, 5)$
○​ In a coordinate pair $(x, y)$, $x$ is usually the first term in the ratio and $y$ is the
second.
○​ Ratio $2:5$ corresponds to $x=2, y=5$.
8.​ Answer: b) $\$0.50$
○​ $\text{Unit Price} = \frac{\text{Total Price}}{\text{Number of Items}}$.
○​ $\frac{2.00}{4} = 0.50$.
9.​ Answer: c) $5$
○​ Ratio Boys:Girls = $3:2$.
○​ The "Boys" section has 3 blocks.
○​ Total Boys = 15.
○​ Value of 1 block = $15 \div 3 = 5$.
10.​Answer: b) $5$ m
○​ $100 \text{ cm} = 1 \text{ m}$.

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 ○​ $500 \text{ cm} \div 100 = 5 \text{ m}$.
11.​Answer: c) 60 words typed in 1 minute
○​ A rate compares two quantities with different units (words and minutes).
12.​Answer: d) $28$
○​ Cats : Dogs = $4 : 3$.
○​ Actual Dogs = 21.
○​ Scale factor = $21 \div 3 = 7$.
○​ Actual Cats = $4 \times 7 = 28$.
13.​Answer: a) Brand A
○​ Brand A: $\$10 \div 5 \text{ lbs} = \$2.00/\text{lb}$.
○​ Brand B: $\$15 \div 6 \text{ lbs} = \$2.50/\text{lb}$.
○​ Brand A is cheaper.
14.​Answer: c) $(0, 0)$
○​ A proportional relationship is a straight line that originates from the origin $(0,0)$.
15.​Answer: b) $20:100$
○​ Percent literally means "per 100". So $20\% = 20 \text{ per } 100 = 20:100$.

Section B: Short Answer Solutions

16. Ways to write ratio $8$ to $12$
●​ Ways: "8 to 12", "$8:12$", "$\frac{8}{12}$".
●​ Simplify: Both divide by 4.
○​ $8 \div 4 = 2$.
○​ $12 \div 4 = 3$.
○​ Simplified: $2:3$.
17. Missing value in Ratio Table
●​ Table: 2 hrs : 60 miles.
●​ Unit rate = $60 \div 2 = 30$ miles/hour.
●​ Row 3: Distance is 180.
●​ Hours = $180 \div 30 = 6$ hours.
18. Pace Calculation
●​ Total Time = 32 minutes.
●​ Total Distance = 4 miles.
●​ Pace = $\frac{32 \text{ min}}{4 \text{ miles}} = 8 \text{ minutes per mile}$.
19. Convert 48 inches to feet
●​ $12 \text{ inches} = 1 \text{ foot}$.
●​ $48 \div 12 = 4 \text{ feet}$.
20. Tape Diagram for $3:4$
●​ Draw two rows of boxes.
●​ Row 1 (First quantity): [ ][ ][ ] (3 boxes)

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 ●​ Row 2 (Second quantity): [ ][ ][ ][ ] (4 boxes)
●​ Ensure boxes are aligned and roughly equal size.
21. Equivalent Ratio $5:9 = 20:\_\_$
●​ Compare first terms: $5$ to $20$.
●​ $5 \times 4 = 20$. (Scale factor is 4).
●​ Multiply second term by 4: $9 \times 4 = 36$.
●​ Ratio is $20:36$.
22. Convert 2.5 kg to grams
●​ $1 \text{ kg} = 1000 \text{ g}$.
●​ $2.5 \times 1000 = 2500 \text{ g}$.
●​ (Move decimal 3 places to the right).
23. Sugar for 15 cups flour
●​ Ratio Sugar : Flour = $2 : 5$.
●​ Flour used = 15.
●​ Scale factor = $15 \div 5 = 3$.
●​ Sugar needed = $2 \times 3 = 6$ cups.
24. Plot $(3, 6)$
●​ Go right 3 units on the x-axis (Hours).
●​ Go up 6 units on the y-axis (Tasks).
●​ Meaning: In 3 hours, 6 tasks are completed.
25. Unit price of pens
●​ $\$6.00 \div 12 \text{ pens}$.
●​ $600 \text{ cents} \div 12 = 50 \text{ cents}$.
●​ Answer: $\$0.50$ per pen.
26. Girls in class
●​ Ratio Boys : Girls = $2 : 3$.
●​ Total parts = $2 + 3 = 5$ parts.
●​ Total students = 30.
●​ Value of 1 part = $30 \div 5 = 6$ students.
●​ Girls = 3 parts $\times$ 6 students = $18$ girls.
27. Production rate
●​ $100 \text{ widgets} \div 5 \text{ minutes} = 20 \text{ widgets per minute}$.
28. Comparing speeds
●​ Rate 1: $\frac{10 \text{ m}}{2 \text{ s}} = 5 \text{ m/s}$.
●​ Rate 2: $\frac{20 \text{ m}}{5 \text{ s}} = 4 \text{ m/s}$.
●​ $5 > 4$, so moving 10 meters in 2 seconds is faster.

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29. Convert 300 seconds to minutes
●​ $300 \text{ sec} \times \frac{1 \text{ min}}{60 \text{ sec}}$.
●​ $300 \div 60 = 5 \text{ minutes}$.
30. Independent vs Dependent
●​ Independent: The number of tickets bought (You choose this).
●​ Dependent: The total cost (This changes based on your choice).

Section C: Long Answer Solutions

31. Tape Diagram (Difference)
●​ Ratio Red : Blue = $3 : 5$.
●​ Red: [ ][ ][ ]
●​ Blue: [ ][ ][ ][ ][ ]
●​ Difference: The Blue bar is 2 blocks longer than the Red bar.
●​ We know there are 20 more blue marbles.
●​ So, 2 blocks = 20 marbles.
●​ 1 block = $20 \div 2 = 10$ marbles.
●​ Find Red: Red has 3 blocks.
●​ $3 \text{ blocks} \times 10 = 30$ marbles.
32. Ratio Table (Paint)
●​ a) Table:​
Ratio Yellow : Blue = $3 : 2$.
○​ Batch 1: Y=3, B=2
○​ Batch 2: Y=6, B=4
○​ Batch 3: Y=9, B=6
○​ Batch 4: Y=12, B=8
○​ Batch 5: Y=15, B=10
●​ b) Calculation for 18 gallons Yellow:
○​ Look at pattern: $3 \times ? = 18$. The multiplier is 6.
○​ Multiply Blue by 6: $2 \times 6 = 12$.
○​ He needs 12 gallons of blue paint.
33. Graphing Speed
●​ Speed = 10 mph.
●​ a) Table:
○​ $t=0, d=0$
○​ $t=1, d=10$
○​ $t=2, d=20$
○​ $t=3, d=30$
○​ $t=4, d=40$
●​ b) Plot: Points $(0,0), (1,10), (2,20), (3,30), (4,40)$.

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 ●​ c) Proportional? Yes.
○​ Reason 1: It is a straight line.
○​ Reason 2: It passes through the origin $(0,0)$.
34. Comparing Burger Rates
●​ a) Store A: $\$40 \div 8 = \$5.00$ per burger.
●​ b) Store B: $\$33 \div 6 = \$5.50$ per burger.
●​ c) Comparison:
○​ Store A is cheaper.
○​ Difference: $\$5.50 - \$5.00 = \$0.50$.
○​ Store A offers better value by $\$0.50$ per burger.
35. Converting Measures (Multi-step)
●​ a) Convert to meters:
○​ $450 \text{ cm} \div 100 = 4.5 \text{ meters}$.
●​ b) Cut into pieces (in mm):
○​ First, convert total length to mm: $450 \text{ cm} \times 10 = 4500 \text{ mm}$.
○​ Divide by 9: $4500 \div 9 = 500 \text{ mm}$.
36. Election Ratios
●​ Ratio A : B = $7 : 3$.
●​ a) Find B's votes:
○​ A received 350 votes.
○​ A represents 7 "parts".
○​ Value of 1 part = $350 \div 7 = 50$ votes.
○​ B has 3 parts = $3 \times 50 = 150$ votes.
●​ b) Total votes:
○​ $350 \text{ (A)} + 150 \text{ (B)} = 500$ votes.
37. Pool Rate
●​ Rate = 15 gal/min.
●​ a) Amount after 20 mins:
○​ $15 \frac{\text{gal}}{\text{min}} \times 20 \text{ min} = 300$ gallons.
●​ b) Time for 600 gallons:
○​ $600 \text{ gal} \div 15 \frac{\text{gal}}{\text{min}} = 40$ minutes.
38. Ratio of Three (Sharing Money)
●​ Ratio $2 : 3 : 5$. Total Amount = $\$500$.
●​ a) Value of one share:
○​ Total parts = $2 + 3 + 5 = 10$ parts.
○​ $500 \div 10 = \$50$ per share.
●​ b) Distribution:
○​ Alice (2 parts): $2 \times 50 = \$100$.
○​ Bob (3 parts): $3 \times 50 = \$150$.

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 ○​ Charlie (5 parts): $5 \times 50 = \$250$.
○​ (Check: $100+150+250 = 500$).
39. Cooking Conversion
●​ Recipe serves 4. We need to serve 10.
●​ Scale Factor = $\frac{\text{New Servings}}{\text{Old Servings}} = \frac{10}{4} = 2.5$.
●​ Calculations:
○​ Broth: $3 \times 2.5 = 7.5$ cups.
○​ Carrots: $2 \times 2.5 = 5$ carrots.
○​ Noodles: $1.5 \times 2.5 = 3.75$ cups.
40. Complex Unit Rate
●​ Distance = $\frac{1}{2}$ mile. Time = $\frac{1}{4}$ min.
●​ a) Speed in miles/min:
○​ $\frac{1}{2} \div \frac{1}{4} = \frac{1}{2} \times \frac{4}{1} = \frac{4}{2} = 2 \text{
miles/min}$.
●​ b) Speed in mph:
○​ There are 60 minutes in an hour.
○​ $2 \text{ miles/min} \times 60 \text{ min} = 120 \text{ miles per hour}$.
41. Tape Diagram (Sum)
●​ Tom : Jerry = $4 : 7$. Total stickers = 121.
●​ Tom: [ ][ ][ ][ ] (4)
●​ Jerry: [ ][ ][ ][ ][ ][ ][ ] (7)
●​ Total blocks = $4 + 7 = 11$.
●​ Value of 1 block = $121 \div 11 = 11$ stickers.
●​ Find Jerry: Jerry has 7 blocks.
●​ $7 \times 11 = 77$ stickers.
42. Comparing Athlete Speeds
●​ a) Calculate Speeds:
○​ Athlete A: $200 \text{ m} \div 25 \text{ s} = 8 \text{ m/s}$.
○​ Athlete B: $400 \text{ m} \div 55 \text{ s} \approx 7.27 \text{ m/s}$.
●​ b) Comparison:
○​ $8 > 7.27$.
○​ Athlete A is running faster.
43. Chain of Conversion
●​ Start: 2.5 gallons.
●​ Convert to quarts: $2.5 \times 4 = 10 \text{ quarts}$.
●​ Convert to pints: $10 \times 2 = 20 \text{ pints}$.
●​ Convert to cups: $20 \times 2 = 40 \text{ cups}$.
●​ Answer: 40 cups.

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44. Lemonade Ratio
●​ Ratio Lemon : Water = $2 : 3$.
●​ a) Table:
○​ 2 : 3
○​ 4 : 6
○​ 6 : 9
○​ 8 : 12
●​ c) Given 12 cups water:
○​ Looking at the table row for "12 water"...
○​ Or calculating: $12 \div 3 = 4$ (scale factor).
○​ Lemon = $2 \times 4 = 8$ cups.
45. Map Scale
●​ Scale: 2 inches = 15 miles.
●​ a) Map dist = 7 inches:
○​ How many "2 inch" units are in 7 inches? $7 \div 2 = 3.5$.
○​ Multiply miles by 3.5: $15 \times 3.5 = 52.5$ miles.
●​ b) Actual dist = 60 miles:
○​ How many "15 mile" units in 60 miles? $60 \div 15 = 4$.
○​ Multiply map inches by 4: $2 \times 4 = 8$ inches.

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