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Zhang Yuan ascended to immortality, only to find himself in a bizarre world. Terrifying celestial beings ruled
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the cultivators who survived were barely human. Could this world possibly have a future? Zhang Yuan didn’t
care. All he wanted was to ascend again and return to the immortal realm. But… could he truly go back?

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 Sinister Immortal Path

Read Sinister Immortal Path, Weird Immortal Path, 仙道

Zhang Yuan ascended to immortality, only to find himself in a bizarre world. Terrifying
celestial beings ruled the heavens, while mortals below were mere livestock. The realm
was filled with perilous [abnormalities], and the cultivators who survived were barely
human. Could this world possibly have a future? Zhang Yuan didn’t care. All he wanted
was to ascend again and return to the immortal realm. But… could he truly go back?

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the bauquet givcn to thc guests. 357. Tnmido ; sidcUing ;
thatinflatcs. Carbasus; canvas ; perhaps from the Sanscrit karpAsa,
signifying cotton. Gr. § 92, 3. 359. Intcrpres diTum ; interprcter of
ihe divine counsels. The knowledge of future evcnts was derivcd
cithcr froni dircct inspiration, or from signs. Ilolcnus had both gifts.
IIc reccivcs tlie direct influence of Apollo, Hke the Pytliia on the
tripod at Delphi, or likc the pricsts in the oracular grotto of Claros, in
lonia; hc also undorstands the warnings of the stars and the notcs
and the flight of birds ; that is, he i.^ a prophet, an astrologcr, and
an auspe.t. 362, 3fl3. Prospcra rcllgio ; auspicioMs angurij. Religion
is tlie observancc of sacrod rites and dutics. As these include the
consulting of oraclcs, and the othcr modes of ascertaining the future,
re%io is bere for augury. Jfnaiine ; for oraculo; bg rcvelation; by
divine tokcns ; the clause is explanatory of thc foregoiug. 364« The
infinitive for thc subjunctivo a{{\:v suasiruni ; comp. 111, above. Sce
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^ BOOK THIRD. 423 Gr. § 273, 2; Z. § 615. ^Tentare; to

seek for; penetrate to. Comp. ii. 38. Rcpostas; ior o-epositas ;
remote. Corap. vi. 59. 3o5. Dicta nef.is. Gr. § 276, iii, R. 2; Z. § G70.
Harpyia. Sce on 212. 30T. Obsecnam famcm ; minatural hungcr ; the
plirase defines more pre-cisoly what is racant by prodir/iimi and iras.
Fov the sense of obscenam, see above, on 241. Vito ; indicative for
the indircct interrogative vitem, or vitanda sint, dependent on fare.
For the prcsent tense, comp. ii. 322. Ladewig makos thcse questions
indepcndent; regarding posftim as potcntial. Qnld scqnens; (by)
pursuing what course. 369. De more. Comp. i. 318. 310. Paccm ; as
vcniam above, 14A,favor. Yittas resolvit ; the fillets (see on 81) worn
by the pri
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424 NOTES ON THE AENEID. t" fouud iii a clausc thus

appcnded to a rclativc. 384. Lcntandns ; must be hcnt; must bc
dipped. Tlie oar bladcs bcnd and spring when plied iu the water. 385.
Salis Ansonii ; of thc Ausonian sca ; that part of the sca which hes
between Tuscany and Sicily. 386. lufernique lacns. Lake Avcrnus,
near Naplcs, bctween Cumae and Puteoli. Scc wood-cut, page 501.
The verb lusirare applies strictly to aequor, but is accommodatod
also to the scnsc oi Incus and insula; must be visited. See zeugma,
Gr. § 323, i. (■2) (a). Acrtcae ; frora Aea, a city of Colchis. Insnla ;
tlie promontory of Circeium, now 3Iontc CirccUo, having the sea on
one sidc and thc rontine marshcs on the other, and thus an insula.
387. Possis ; the subjunctive after antequam. Gr. § 263, 3 ; Z. § 576.
389. Qnnni. The sow and her progcny of thirty young, found ncar
the Tibor, (as dcsciibed in viii. 82,) will indicate the place whcre
Aeneas shall build tlie new city. Tibi ; for a te ; to be joinod with
invcnta. Secreli ; reniote, solitari/. 391. Jaccbit ; shall appear lying.
382. Kati ; supply jacehunt. 39C. Ilas, lianc ; these coasts, this part
of the Itahan shore, ucar us, ou the Adriatic and the gulf of
Tarentum. 399. Narycii Locri ; a colony of Locrians frora Naryx, or
Karycium, opposite Euboea, said to be the followers of the Oiloian
Ajax, scttled on the coast of Bruttium, near the prcsent village of '
Motta di Burzano. They were also called the Loci:i Epizephyrii. 490.
Saileutiuos. The Sallcntine fields, bctwcen the Tarentinc gulf and the
Adriatic, arc now the T(rra di Otranto, or district of Otranto. Milite ;
soldiery ; collcctive, as ii. 495. 401. Lyctins ; Lyctian ; from Lyctus, a
towu in Cretc. Idomciicns, on bcing drivon from Crcte, (8ce 121,
122,) scttlcd in the soutlicastern part of Italy. Dacis Mcliboci ;
Philoctetes, a companiou of Hcrcules, on returning froni Troy to
Meliboca, his native city in Thessaly, was driven away by a sedition
of the people, and settlcd iu the little town of Peteha, near the
modern Strongoli in Eruttium, which he fortified with a wall. 402.
Piiiloctctac limits muro. Snbnisa ; resting on, sustained; i. e.
defended by. 403. Stctcrint ; shall have bcen moored. 404. In litorc.
The shore wlicre the first lauding shall be niade in Italy. This proved
to be on the Japygian promontory, near tlic temple of Mincrva, as we
find bclow, 531. 405. Velarc ; impcrative passive ; be veiled, cover
thy hcad. Comp. ii. 707. This was thc custom of thc Romans, whcn
sacrificing; only the face l)cing lcft uncovcrcd. Thc Crccks did not veil
thc hcad on such occasions. -Conias, Grcok accusative, modifies
vclarc ■ 406. Ne qna. Sec on 311. luter sauctcs igncs; amidst the
holy fires; \. e.. during tlie holy sacrificcs. 407. Ilostilis liicics ;
adversc appearance ; that is, the sight of any inauspicious object,
which would vitiate the oraens {turhct omina') asccrtaincd by
inspccting the victim, rendering thcm cither unavailing or evil. 409.
Casti ; iov pii ; as Ilor. Carm. Saec. 42, C'a.'(tas Aencas. Rcligionc ;
rcllgious cu.sto?». This, like many othcr pasBages in tlic Acncid, is
intcndcd to roawaken in the Romans a rcvcrcncc for Ihcir nncierit,
coroniniiios, by rpforrin|r fhom to fo high an origin. 110.
 BOOK THIRD. 425 Digressnm ; having departed; i. e. after
you shall have left that first landing place in Italy. Orae ; for the
case, conip. above, 131. 111. Angnsti, in prose, would agree with
claustra. Sarestent ; fihall bec/in to open (to the view.) The shores of
the straits when seen at a distance do not appear to present any
opeuiug; but as you approach they begin to withdraw from each
other. Rarus is said of objects separated from each other by some
intervening space ; as, the threads of a nct, rara, retia. Cianstra ; for
fretum. Pelori ; Pelorus. The Sicilian promontory at the northern
extremity of the straits of Messina, now Capo di Faro. 412. Lacva.
Turn to the south, or left, instead of going through the straits to the
north, and on your right, as you face the east coast of Sicily. 415.
Tantnm valet mntare ; has so much power to change things ; can
effcct such changcs. 416. Dissilnisse ; to have burst asunder. Fernnt
; theg report. There appears to have been a tradition that Sicily was
torn from Italy by a violent subterranean convulsion, and another
that the original isthmus was severed by the force of the great mass
of waters alone. Virgil seems to have both these causes in mind.—
Protenns ; join with una ; continuoushj one. 417. Medio; ablat. for in
medimn ; came between. 419. Litore. Ileyne says that litore is put
here for rnari ; giving the rather singular reason, that " where there
is a sea there is a shore.'''' If so, ripa might be used for fluScylla.
men, and mons or collis for campus or vallis, for where there is a
river there is a bank, &c. In the sense of 7nari it is the means of
diductas. Biit the idea of the water separating the lands is alrcady
expressed in venit medio, undis latus abscidit, and arvaque tirbes
intcrluit. If litore be taken as an ftblative of siluation, {on the shore,)
we may rcgard diductas as a sensus
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426 NOTES ON THE AENEID. pracgnans, nieaning not only

scparatcd but standing. Witli this interpretation translate diductas
litore ; standiyig apart, or divided and standing, on the shore. Tlie
singular numbcr, litore, in tbis case, like capite, ii. 219, ia for the
plural. AngnstO acstu ; ablat. of inanncr aftcr interluit ; teith a
narroto flood. 420. Scylla, now Sciglio, on the Italian side of the
strait, is a lofty rock, surrouiided by smallcr rocks, producing a great
tumult and roaring of waves, described in the fable as the barking of
dogs. Cliary!»dis, at the point corresponding to the modcrn Cohforo,
is a whirlpool, or violent commotion of the Avaves, which is most
noticeable when southcrly winds force a grcat niass of waters into
the strait, and against tlie Sicilian shorc. 422. In abrnptnni ; for
praeccps ; headlong. 426. Priuia hominis facies ; the vpper part
(literally, yo?VH) (is that) of a hMinan helng. 427. Postrema; supply
facies; the lower part is a sea inonster. 428. Ddphiunm — iDpornm \
joined as to the tails of dolphins to the womb of wolves ; having the
tails of dolphins joined to the womb of wolves. Lnpi is substituted
here for canes. Sce 432. 429. Praestat ; it is better. Comp. i. 135.
Metas •, properly the goal, or turning point, in the circus or racc
course ; here for promontory. Pachyni ; Pachynnw, thc southeastern
point of Sicily, now callcd Capo Passaro. 430. CircnniSectere ; a term
also borrowod froni the circus. 432. Gscrnieis ; dark ; as in 64. 433,
434. Vati si qna fides ; if fhe prophet dcscrves ang covfidcnce. 435.
Pro oninibns; for, in place of, all other things ; one thing to be
observcd, evcn if all others are neglected. * Obscrve the emphatic
positions of unum. 437. Prininm ; /?rsi of all ; before all other deities.
Comp. v. 540. 438. Cane vota. Vows are expressed in the rhythmical
form, or chant, common to all religious formulas. 439. Victor,
because he will have overcome all difficulties. 440. Fines, for adfincs.
Mittere ; thou wilt be conveycd. 442. DiTinos lacns. Sce on 386.
Silvis ; ablat. of cause. The lake was only about a mile and a half in
circumference, and nemmed in with woods. See vi. 238. Hence it
may be said to resound icith woods. At present, Iiowcvcr, the hills
round lake Avernus arc ncarly destitute of trees. 443. Insauam ;
inspircd. 444. IVotas et nomina ; lctters and words. 445. Carmina;
prophecics. 446. Digerit iu nnmernni ; places in ordcr. She arranges
the Icaves so that the words on them form sentcnces in verse. 448.
Eadem ; theni; thc prophecies ; object of prendcre. Vcrso cardine;
the hinge being tvmed; when the hinge turns. T^ door is opcncd
whcn the Sibyl, or those who come to seek rcsponscs, entcr tbe cave
or retire from it. Tennis vcatns; a light wind ; •or li.^ht ^ust of wind.
149. Jnuna ; the door dlsturbs ihcm by admittiiig the wiud. 150.
Dcinde ; thenccforth; answcring to thc forcgoiiig yM(?///. Cavo S.1X0
; the same as sub riipe, 443, aiid antro, 446. 452. InconKniti ;
\ninstructcd ; without any rosiMJiiscs, since, whcn thcy cntcr, the
leavcs are so disturbed as to be unintelligible. 453. Ilcre lct vot any
amount of •lelay {crpcnditurc of dclay) he of so mv.ch (valuo) to
you. Tibi ; in your cs 
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BOOK THIRD. 427 timation. The subjunctivc is for the

imperative. Gr. § 2G0, R. C, 2d paragraph; Z. § 529. Tauti. Gr. § 214;
Z. § 444. 4.54, 455. Et vi cnrSUS in altnni TCla VOCet; and fhough
your voyage iirgentlij invUe ijour saih to the sea; the more natural
expressiou would be aiira vela vocet. Vi, /8i'7j, veliemenfer, urgently.
Sccnudos ; auspicious sails ; for sails filled ivlth a favorable wind.
456. Qniu, so that not, connects the dependent chiuse with ne
fuerint tanti. Gr. § 262, R. 10, 2 ; Z. § 538. 457. Ipsa canat ; that she
herself may utter prophecies ; ipsa, in person ; that she may not in
tlie case of Aeneas comniit lier prophecies to the uncertain leaves.
Thc subjunctive depends on poscas. But in some editions jaoseas is
separated by arperiod, and caMai is taken imperatively. Volcns ;
kindly ; sna sponte. Quo niodo ; interrogative, how ; thc question is
dependent on expedict ; she will explain hoio, &c. 461. Liccat. Gr. §
264, 1, (b); Z. § 558. 46^. Ingentcm; r.n instance of prolepsis. The
sense is: "Render Troy great and glorious by your deeds." 463, 464.
Postqnam — dcbinc ; like quum — tum; after — thereupon. Dona. It
was the ancient custom, as •we learn both from the Biljle and from
Homer, to bestow presents on friends at parting. ^Anro gravia, etc. ;
heavy with gold and with cxit ivory; i. e., both made and
ornamented with gold and ivory. The final vowel oi gravia is
lengthened here by the ictus. ScctO clephanto ; an expression
borrowed from Odys. xix. 564. 465. Stipat cariuis ; loads to the
ships, instead of loads the ships with, carinas argento, which would
be the usual construction. See on i. 195. 406. Dodonaeos Icbctas. It
was said that bronzc caldrons were suspended on the oak trees of
Dodona, that the priests might learn the will of Jupiter and the fates
from the sounds produced, when the kettles were struck against
each other by the wind. Dodona was in the dominiona of Helcnus.
487. Loricam — ^trilicem. A coat, or hauhcrk, of chain mail, in which
the hooks, or rings, fastened into each other, {co7isertam,') were of
gold, and in three layers {triUcem) ; that is, it was of three-ply
golden chain work. See Smith's Dictionary of Antiq., article lorica;
and the coat of mail on page 445. 468. Coaum galeac is equivalent
to galeam. See wood-cut on page 385. 468. Neoptolcmi arma. See
333, and ii. 470. 469. Sua. See on i. 461. 470. Duccs; attendants, or
grooms, for the horses. Some, with Forbiger, understand pilots or
guides of the way ; but Ladewig quotes Liv. xliii. 5, to show that with
presents of horscs, grooms {servos) were also given ; and it would
appcar from 569 and 690 that Aeneas had received no one from
Helenus who knew the waVj-hnd could act as a guide. 471.
Rcmiginm is also a doubtful term hcre. The best authorities interpret
it as remigis, rowers ; others, rcmos. Aeneas might need oarsmen,
as some of the Ti-ojans had been left in Crete, and others may have
perished. Socios. His old companions, as opposed to remigium or
remiges, those just added to his company. Armis ; impFc' ments ;
equipments of all kiiids, needed on the voyage. 472, 473. Velis
aptare; to makc rcady wilh sails ; not/orsails. Jnbcbat Anchiscs.
Comp.
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428 NOTES ON THE AENEID. 9. 4T5. Dignate; dcemcd

wor(/n/ of, honored hy. Gr. § 162, 17, (a), Z. § 632, 2d paragraph;
comp. i. 312. 47G. Bis creptc ; twice rescued; iiamely, once whcn
Troy was captured by Hercules, aiid the sccond time when it was
sacked by the Greeks. Sce on ii. 642. lYT. Tibl. Gr. § 22S, 3 ; Z. §
408. Anscni.ie ; genit. instead of nom. in apposition. Tclins aftcr
ccce. See on i. 461. Ilanc arripc \t'As', kasten to tliis uith ihe aid of
your sails. 478. Praeterlabare ; snpply ut, after necesse est. 480,
481. Quid nltra provclior ; v'h;i aia I hurried toofar (in discourse)?
ultra, i. c. quam opus esf. 483. Snbtcnune, commonly the woof or
cross thrcad of woven cloth, is here a thread of gold wrought into
the cloth in figures embroidercd by stitching. 484. IVcc cedit Iionori ;
nor does she fail to shoiv equal respect ; literally, 7ior docs she comc
behind the honor ; namely, that which Helenus has shown to the
Trojans. Others understand, the honor due to Ascanius. For the form
of the chlamys, see page 447. 485. Tcxtilibns; woven. Phrygia was
famous for beautiful woven fabrlcs, as well as for embroidery ; see
our illustrations of dress, kc. Articles of both kinds are given to
Ascanius. 48G. Et hacc ; as if she had said : Helenus has made
appropriatc prescnts to your friends ; I make these aho to you. It
does not neccssarily imply that Ascanius has already reccivcd gifts
from Helenus, though therc is nothing in the context to forbid sucli a
supposition. Poctry does not mention all particulars with the
exactness of a gazette. 487. Siut, testentnr. Gr. § 264, 5 ; Z. § 567.
489. Milii limits sttper, which is equivalcnt here to quae superest ;
the only image that survives to me. Super has the force of a present
participle of superesse. ■ Astyanactis. On the capture of Troy the
Greeks killed Astyanax, the sor of Andromache and Hcctor, by
casting him down from the battlements oi the city. 490. Fcrebat. The
line is suggcsted by Odys. iv. 149, 150 "Such are his feet, such his
hands, his eyes, Iiis head, his hair." 491. Pnbescerct; would be
riroiving up. 493. VivitC fcliccs ; a parting salutation, like our
farewcll, but morc imprcssivc bccause Icss frcquently used. Qnibns
— sna; whosedcstined{sua)fortune is alrcady achicvcd. Alia ex aliis
in fata ; from one adventure to another ; nothing scttlcd and fixcd
like that impliod inswa. 495. Parta (cst) ; has bee7i securcd. 497.
Effigiein XantM. Sce on 302. 499. Anspiciis ; ablat. abs. Fncrit ;
.'^hall have proved; fut. perf. indicative. Obvia ; cxposed to. 500.
Thybridis, au oldcr form for Tiberis, limits vicina. Gr. § 222, R. 2 ; Z.
§ 211. So Ilor. Sat. 1, 5, 79: vicina Trivici villa. 501. Data ; destined.
503. Epiro, llespcria ; (situatcd) in IJpirus {a7id) Jlcsperia ; referring
to Kome and Buthrotum. Hcyne and Pccrlkamp prcfer the rending
Epirum, Jlcsperiam. 504. Itraniqnc ; in apposition with vrbes ; we
will make our kindred citics and ncarly rclatcd nations, in J^Jpirus, in
IJcspcria, ivho have the samo iJardiimis asthcir progcnitor, rt«(havc
cxpericnccd) *e samcforlunes, both onc Troy in spirit. 505. Mancat —
nepotes ; ht this duty await our detcendants. Virgil, according to
llcyne, has in mind Iho dccrcc of Augustua,
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BOOK THIRD. 429 wbo, after the battle of Actium, B. C. 31,

built thc city of Xicopolis on thc north side of the Ambracian gulf, and
ordered that the Epirotes Hving there should bc treated by the
Romans as kins-men, [cognati.) 506-587. Aeneas starts again on his
wanderiii?s. He sails ns f.ir nortli as the Cerannian promontory, and
from thence cros"5e8 over to the port of Vcnns, (portus Ve7ieris,) on
the Italian eidc, in Calabria. After Bacriflcing, and seekiug, accorUing
to tho dircctions of Helenus, to propitiate the favor of Jur.o, they
regume their voyage, aiid pass by the harbor of Tarentura, the
promontory of Lacinium, Cuulon, Scylhici um, arid then come in sight
of the volcauo of Actna, to tlie shores of which they are cTri vcn, iii
seeking to shun the terrors of Scylla and Charybdis. The country
about Aetna is iiihabited by the giant race of Cjxlops. The Trojans
pass a night on the shore at the foot of niount Aetna, and are
terrifled by the strange noises of the volcano. 506t CeraQDia ;
mountalns on the coast of Epirus north of Buthrotum, forming the
promontory nearest to Italy. Jnxta also follows its case in iv. 255.
50T. Italiani. See i. 2. 508. Rnit ; sefs ; contrary to the signification
of the same word in ii. 250. 510. Sortili renios; ofter asslgning the
oars by lot ; i. e. the duty of watching on board the ships. Some
having bcen thus detailed, the rest sleep on the shore uutil dawn ;
or perhaps the meaning is: they determined by lot which body of
mcn should be ready to take the oars when the signal should be
given at midiiight to commence the voyage across the gulf.
Otherwise, Ladewig suggests, there might be disorder and delay.
511. Corpora cnramas ; we refresh our bodies. Comp. viii. 607.
Irrigat ; pervades; as i. 692. 512. Ngx horis acta. Xight is conceived
of as a goddess riding through the sky in a chariot conducted, like
the god of day, by the hours, which are also personified. See further,
v. '721. 51T. Oriona. Seeoni. 535; on the quantity, Gr. § 287, exc. in
o, 2. For thc spondaic verse, see Gr. § 310. 518. Cancta CCnstarc ;
that all things are tranquil ; constare is like the English " scttled,"
applied to the weather. 519. Signnm ; probably given by a trumpet.
Comp. 239. Some understand, by a torch ; which, however, would
hardly be appropriate here, where a sleeping camp is to be aroused
at midnight. 522. namliem ; it appears low because distant in the
horizon, •procul. In fine ^-eathnr it is possible to see entirely across
the Adriatic from Otranto to Albania. 527. In pnppi ; he stands near
the image of the tutclar god in the hinder part of the ship. Ile prays
to all the great gods, for all eithox directly or indirectly can infiuence
the winds and the sea. 528. The genitives are goverued \)\ potentes.
529. Ferte ; afford. Yento ; ablat. ; means oi facilem. Secnndi. Comp.
sitbitae, 225. 530. CrebrC:Cnut; blow fresh. Portns. The harbor
meant by Virgil is probably portus Veneris, now Forto Bodisco or
Porto di Vudisca, about six miles south of nydruntum, the modcrn
Otranto. 531. In arcc ; on a heighf. The temple of Miuerva, built by
Idomeneus, was on a summit overlooking the harbor, and from a
distance appeared to be near the shorc. But as they approached, the
lower grounds betwcen this summit and the water gradually camc in
sight, and thus the temple seemed to rcccde {refugere) from the
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430 NOTES ON THE AENEID. shorc. Castnt7H Minervac,

now Casfro, was some four miles south o{ Porto Bodlnco. 533. Ab
Enroo fladn; (sheltcrcd) /rom thc eastcrn wave ; nh does not denotc
agcney liere. Tlie harbor is curved into the form of a bow, rctiring
iuland from the east. 531. Cantes; cliffs, or rocky promontorics at
each extrcmity of the harbor; thcse break the forcc of the waves,
and also conceal the harbor itself, {ijisc latct.) They are the points of
two ridgcs of towering rocks {turriti scopuli) which run out into tlie
sea, on either side in two natural walls, or moles. 535. Gcmino
dcmittnnt brachia Qinro 5 scnd down tlieir arins in two similar walh;
muro, for muris. Comp. ii. 219. 537. Priiiinm omen 5 && i\\e first
augicry. Comp. i. 442. 539. Observe the antithcsis between bellum
portas, and hospita. 540. IJello ; dativc, as in ii. 315. Armcnta and
(Jnaiirnpedcs ; here mcrely varled ternis foT cqni ~ 511. Olim ;
sometlmes. Cnrrn, for c'«nv«'.— — 512. Jngo, for suh jugo. 513. Et ;
aho; a token of peace as well as of war. 511. Prima. Pallas happened
to be the first deity whom they were called upon to worship in Italy,
as her shrine was the first that presented itself. Thus she seems to
be the first of tlie gods to greet them. 515. Capita ; as to our heads;
Greek accusative. 516. Pracf eptis ; according to the instructions.
See 436 sq. For the case, see Gr. § 249, ii. Maxinia ; as the most
important. Seo on i. 419. 547. Adolcmns. Comp. i. "704. — 518.
Ordine, for riie or de more ; each ceremony, attending the sacrifice,
bcing performed in its proper order as well as manner. Votis ;
sacrifices. 519. Obvertimns; suppl}^ /)c/«^o ; ive tum the //orns (or
extremities) o/ the sail covercd yard-arms (towards the sea.) Comp.
vi. 3. 550. Gra.jngennm. See 398 sqq. ^^\, Mint', then, next.
llercnlci. One tradition ascribcd the founding of Tarentiun (now
Taranto) to Taras, son of Ncptunc ; anothcr to Ilercules ; and still
anothcr to Phalantus, a descendant of Ilercules. 552. Diva Lacinia.
The tcmple of Juno Lacinia, one column of wliich is still stauding,
was on the promontory of Lacinium in Bruttium, six miles Eoutli-east
of Croton. From its ruins lias becn constructed the mole of the
modcrn Croton or Crotone. Contra ; opposite to the Tarentine shorc.
The Lacinian promontory is now called Capo delle colonne, or Capo
^au. 553. Canlonis ; Caulon, or Caulonia, now Castro Vctere, or
Castcl Vetere. Sf jlafcnm, now Sqnillace, was also in thc Crotonian
district of Bruitium. Scylaccuin is situated on an almost inaccessiblc
rock, which advanccs into thc sea in a bold and prccipitous
promontory, from whicli thc town derived tlie name of Navifragum
Sci/laccwu. See 5Iurriiy's Hand Book of Soutiiern Italy. 551. Tnni ;
thcn ; aftcr having coasted thc southern extrcmity of Italy, and
doublcd Cape Spartavcnto, they comc in eight of Actna. E flactu
(crnitnr ; i.s tcen out of the sed; that is, far off ou the sea, and rising
tiicrefroni. So Tacit. Ann. 3,"1 : H.c allo viseC classis. 556. Voccs ;
soiinds ; roaring of the waves brokcn on tlie shore. ■ 558. Mmirnm ;
doubthss. Ilaec — illa; this certainly is that Charybdis; tliat, namcly,
wlilcli Ilelcnus dcscribcd to us. 559. Canebat. Sce 420 sq.
 BOOK THIRD. 431 560i Eripite; rcscue yourselves. Reinis>
See ou 207. 561. ic; than; as in 236. Rndentcm ; roarijKj ; describes
the noise niade b}the water as the prow rushes through. 563. Ventis
; less prosaic hervthan velis would have been. 565. Ad niaues ; a
bold figure to signiiv down to th^very bottom. Desedimns ; we have
sunk ; we are alrtady in the lowest depths. TJiis reading has better
authority than desidlmus, or descendimus. 566. Clamorem ; a
rcsounding echo. Clamor, voces, aiid ge^nitus, are all applied here to
the noise of waves. Inter cava saxa. The waves resounded
successively as they were received into the depths of Charybdis, and
they were then thrown back rapidly, dashed up in clouds of spray,
that seemed to bedew the very stars. This accords with the
description given by Helcnus above, 421-423 ; and something siniilar
may be observed in any cavernous rock ou the sea-shore, so
situated and so capacious as to take in several successive waves.
56T. Elisam; dashed fortk. Rorantia astra ; the stars dropping dew.
The expression is bold, but justified by the appearance of objects at
the moment. 568. Eeliqnit ; has lcft. Thi^ action precedcs allabimnr.
We float to the shores of the Cyclops, after we have been deserted
both by suu and wind. Comp. 131. Jhe Cyclops were giants of Sicily,
and dcscribed by Homer in the 9th Book of the Odyssey, as dwelliug
in the western part, and not as Virgil represents them, ih the
neighborhood of Aetua. 570, 5T1. Et ingens ipse ; and itself
capacious. So far as regards the haven itself it is capacious and safe
; but the noises and fires of the neighboring mountain suggest
danger. " Eruptions of Aetna occurred in VirgiFs time, but not in the
age of Homer, though they would seem to have occurred previous to
the age of Homer." Heyne. 571. Rninis ; commotions. The sounds
heard indicate the destructive forces raging within. 572. Prornmint;
used transitively ; bekhes forth. 573. Tnrbinc fnmaatem, etc. ;
smoking in a volmne of pitvhij blackness, and (mingled) u-ith
glowing ashes. 576, 577. Liqnefacta— imo. This passage dcscribes
the accumulating aud boiling over of the lava. Sub auras is not high
into the air, but simply up into the open air as opposed to the inner
depths of the mountain. Glomerat is not Uke erigit, casts aloft, but
rolls, gathers up, at the mouth of the crater. 578. Encehidl.
Enceladus was one of the giant brothers who had warred against
Jupiter, and were struck with lightniug and buried under volcanic
mountains such as Aetna and Stromboli, the fires of which were
supposed to proceed from the mouths of these monsters.
Scmlnstnm ; scanned here as a trisvllabJe, seni-yus-tum. 579.
Insnper. Comp. i. 61. 580. Flammam expirare',, etc. ; that huge
Aetna jilaced above (him) emits the flame (of the giant)y,-owi its
broken cavities.-. Caminis ; the crevices and cavities of the
mountain. 582. Snbtexere ; ovcrsprcads. The subject is Triaacriam,
though we should bave expected Aetnam. 583. Monstra ; prodigies;
terrific phenomena; the internal uoi.ses of the volciiuo, which the
Trojans do not coie'. prcheud. 587. Intemposta ; dark, wipropitious.
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432 NOTES ON THE AENEID. 588-654. In thc morning tlie

Trojans diecover a strangcr, haggard and squalid in fc,ppearance,
approacbing the sliips froni the ■woods. Uo describes himEelf as a
follower of Ulj'sgcg, lately descrtcd by his companions, wlion they
had fled in haste from the island, after escaping from the cavo of the
Cyclops, Polyphemns. Tlie cave of Polyphemus, and his bloody
feasts, are described by Achemcnides, the strangei-. 588. Primo Eoo
; at thc frst dawn ; ablat. of timc. 590. M.lfle COBfecta snprema ;
icastcd with cxtreme hunr/er. Macle is tho effect put for tlie cmsc,
fame. 591. Cnltn refers to his clothing and extcrual appcaran^-o. ■
593. Re$]
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BOOK THIRD. 433 though the omission of the adjeetive

with sanie ia very harsh. 619. Ipse ; Polyphemus. Comp. i. 40. 621.
Nec Tisu, etc. ; he can neither be looked at nor spoken to without
terror. 624. Eesnpinns ; stretched along on his hack. 627. Tepidi.
Some manuscripts give trepidi. 629. — Te continues the force of the
foregoing negative, nec. 630. Simnl, iov simul atque ; as soon as.
631. Per, denotes extension, and is suggested by the euormous
length of the giant's body. 633. Per somiinia ; join with eructans.
Jlcro. Tlie wine was given to him by Ulysses. The story is narrated in
the 9th Book ©f the Odyssey, 182-542. 634. Soititi Ticcs ; having
determined our parts hy lot ; i, e. the parts, niore or less daugerous,
which each should take in the transaction. 635. Telo. The instrument
used was a sharp-pointed stake or tree. 636. Solnm. Ile had one eye
of circular form, in size and shape like a Grecian shield, or the disc of
the sun, lurking undcr his shaggy brow. 63T. Plioebeae lampadis ;
tlie sun. Comp. iv. 6. Instar; Gr. § 94; it is in apposition with quod.
See ArnoId's Lat. Pr. 207. 641. Qnalis refers to his appearance and
his features, qnantns to his size. 642. Clandit and press.it, in
immediate conuection with the relatives, are much livelier than if he
had said, qualis et quantus est Polyphemus qui claudit atque
pressat. 643. VnlgO ; here atid there; all around. Comp. vi. 283.
645. Tertiajam — complent. Already the moon is coming to the full
for the third time; the third horns arejilling themselves. 616. Qnnm,
iu the sense of since, an adverb of time, is followed by the indicat.
present. Arnold's Lat. Pr. 488, d, (1), and 490, (d). Deserta ; soUtary.
647. Ab rnpe ; the situation of the Cyclops ; {tovi Qvmg) from the
rocks. Thus Heyne interprets. 8^^655,675. The ablative, with or
without the preposition in these examples, thus denotes the
situation, not of the spectator, but of the object seen, as in 554, on
which comp. note. Homer speaks of the Cyclops as dwelling on the
summits of lofty mountains, Od. ix. 113. 651. Primnm. He has been
continually on the look-out for ships, and now/or thefirst time he has
seen a fleet approaching the shore, and that is this fleet of the
Trojans. 652. Qnaecnmqne fnisset ; tvhatever it should prove to be,
I resolved to give myself 2ip to it. Fuissct serves as a future perfect
subjunctive after t\\G past, addixi. At the niomeut when he made
the resolution his form of expression would have been addicam,
quaecutnque fuerit. 654. PotittS ; rather than leave me to be
destroyed by the Cyclops. 655-681. Polj-pliemus, •who has beun
deprivod of his eye by the artful Ulysses, dceeends to the shore to
wash the blood from the eocket. He overhears the Trojans as they
attempt to sail away, and pursues them far into the water, and then
uttors loud crles whieh call forth all his giant brethreu. They stand
about on the hills casting threatening looks in vain at tho Trojans,
who are already beyond their reach. 658. Observe the ponderous
Hne adapted in sound to the object described. Tronca mann pinns j
a lopped off pine tree in his hand. Regit et ilrmat ; guidcs and
assures ; he feels his way with it along the de19
 434 NOTES ON THE AENEID, clivities and rocks. 660. Ea.
Gr. § 206, 8 ; Z. § 372. 662. Ad acqaora ; to the opeii sea ; the
expression merely elaboratcs the idea contained in altos fluctus.
Some, however, take the line as an example of hysteron proteron.
Gv. § 323, 4, (2). 663. Inde, /jw?i thetice, refers to aequora; he
washes it with the water dipped with his hand from the sea. 664.
Gcmitn, for et gemens ; corap. ii. 323 ; it denotes thc manner of the
act expressed in the whole plirase, dentihus infrendens ; while
dcntihus itself is the manner of infrendens. 666. Inde ; of place.
Celcrare ; historical infinitive. 667. Sic ; having thus deserved;
namely, so as to be received into our ships. Thus WunderlJch, Jahn,
and others. 668. Et proni, etc. ; and, bending forivard we turtt the
zvaters. 669. Vocis. Comp. 5oi5. It refers here, according to Heyne,
to the noise of the oars ; according to others to the voice of the
sailors. 671. lonios ; lonian appHes morc strictly to the sea farther
east than the SiciHan coast ; but hcre includes all between Sicily and
Greece. Acqnarc scqacndo ; to equal the waves in speed; or, to
overtake those who are borne on the swift waves. 673. Pcnitns ;
deep or far within the island. 676. Observe the verbs here, one in
thc singular, and the othcr in the plural. See Gr. § 209, R. 11, 2. 678.
CoclO, for ad coelum. 679. QnalCS ; ax the oak trees (are which)
stand. 680. Aeriac ; lofti/. 681. Constitcrnnt. Gr. § 307, (1). The
perfect of this verb is often used as a present. The oak was sacred
to Jupitcr, the cypress to Proscrpine, or Ilccate, the Diana of Hadcs.
682-715. They leave the shores of the CyclopB, and coaeting by the
mouth of the river Pantagia, the towns of Megara and Thapsus, the
bay of Syracuse, in which ia eituated tlie island of Ortygia w'ith its
founlaia of Arethusa, then by tho rivcr Ilelorus and the promontory
of Pachynum, they s.ail westerly by Camarina, Gela, Mount Acragas,
or Agrigeiitum, and doubling Lilybaeura, the ■western cape of Sicily,
they arrive at Drcpanum, where they ai'e received bj' king Acestos,
and where Anchises dies. 682, 683. Qnocnmqne rndentcs cxcntcre ;
to unfurl onr sails for any course whatsoever ; litcrally, to shake out
the ropes whithersoevcr, ovforwhatever direction. Comp. 267. ■ 683.
Ventis secnndis ; dat. ; to the guiding wind^ ; thc winds, to
whatever course they may bc favorable. 681-686. Jahn, with Heyne,
regards ihesc verscs as probably interpolatcd. They arc givcn,
however, by all thc manuscripts. Thc wind was boaring the flcct to
the nortliward, and dircctly through the straits of Scylla and
Charybdis. The warning of Ilelenus is opposcd to this course, yet thc
danger from the Cyclops secms at the moment so much grcater than
any other, that they rcsolve to sail ivith the wi?KZ (.ff (■«« Jis) back
towards the straits; but then suddcnly a breeze springs up from tlie
nortli, and thus they cscape both the pcrils of thc straits and of the
Cyclops. Itramqne is in apposition with Scylla and Charybdis, -w^iich
arc govcrncd by in
 BOOK THIRD. 435 left of the strait) being a way but little
distant from death. Nl, for ne ; it is found thua in Prop. ii. Y, 3, and
Sil. Ital. i. 374. Dare lintea retro raust be understood of their return
towards; the straits. 68T. Angnsta; narrow; because Pelorus is
situated on the straita. By the interposition of the gods a wind is
sent from Pelorus, that is, blowing forth from the strait of Sicily. 688.
Saxo. See on i. 167. The Pantagias flows into the sea below Leontini
between rocky banks. Hence its mouth is of natural rock. ——689.
Mcgaros ; the Megarian gulf, north of Syracuse, now Golfo di
Augusta, named after Mcgara, which was planted near its shore by
the Dorians, B. C. 708. Thapsnm ; a level peninsula, enclosing the
Megarian gulf on the south side ; now Peninsola delli Magnisi or
Bagnoli. 690. Relcgeas retrorsus ; coasting again. Virgil conceives
Achemenides to have come with Ulysses from the direction of Africa,
and to have approached the coast of the Cyclops from the southem
point of Sicily. He is now sailing with Aeneas in the contrary
direction. Errata =pererrata ; which had been wandered over. 692.
Sinn, for si^iui ; dative after praetenta. 69i. Ortygiam. This Ortygia
formed a part of the city of Syracuse. 696. Arethasa ; a fountain on
thc island of Ortygia. 691. Jnssi ; commanded ; i. e. by Anchises ; or
perhaps, without any name understood, directedby religious duty.
698. Exsnpero, for /)rae
 436 NOTES ON THE AENEID. baean elioals are called hard,
or rugged. Lilyhaeum is now Capo Boco. 707. Drepani ; Drepanum^
now Brepana. Illaetabilis \ moumful ; because Anchises died therc ;
others refer it to the glooniy aspect of its barrea coast and
neighborhood. 711. Neqaidquam ; saved in vain ; because he was
not suftered to see the end of all their wanderings, and the
accomplishnient of thcir enterprise. There was, indeed, a tradition
that Ancbises actually lived to reach Italy. But the presence of
Anchises at Carthage would have been out of keeping with the plot,
and therefore he is represented as dying in Sicily. 718. Conticalt
refers to the voice of the speaker alone ; he ceased to speak; qnicvit
refers to the task and fatigue of narrating ; he rested, having cnded
the story.
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