Understanding Data:

Tables and Graphs

Making Sense of Information Around Us
 • What is Data and Why Organize It?
• Understanding Frequency and

What We'll
Frequency Distribution Tables

• Building Your Own Frequency Table

Explore Today: (It's easier than you think!)

• Why We Use Graphs to See Data

Stories

• Discovering Different Types of Graphs:

Bar, Line, Pie, and Stem-and-Leaf Plots

• How to Read and Understand What

Graphs Are Telling Us

• Your Turn: Practice Interpreting

Graphs
 What is Data?
Data is simply information we
gather from the world around us,
like asking friends their favorite
color or what kind of pets they
have.

Bar graph, pie chart, line graph, and table: data visualization.
 Why Organize
Data?
Imagine trying to find your favorite
book in a messy room! Raw data is
like that—a jumble of numbers and
facts. Without organizing it, it's hard to
see patterns or understand what's
happening. We need structure to
make sense of information!

Bar graph illustrates frequency counts across different

categories.
What's a Frequency?
Frequency tells us how often something appears. Imagine counting
how many classmates chose apples for snack. If 10 students picked
apples, then "10" is the frequency of apples!
 Meet the Table!
A table is an organized way to show
information using rows (going across)
and columns (going up and down).
Think about your class schedule –
that's a table!

Table: Organized data in rows and columns, like a class

schedule.
Frequency Distribution Table
A frequency distribution table is simply a way to organize data. It
shows how often each value or category appears in a dataset. Think
of it as a tally chart that helps us see patterns!
Your Turn: Make a Table
Imagine you asked 15 classmates about their favorite ice cream flavor and
got these answers: Chocolate, Vanilla, Strawberry, Chocolate, Mint, Vanilla,
Chocolate, Strawberry, Vanilla, Chocolate, Vanilla, Mint, Chocolate,
Strawberry, Vanilla. How would you start organizing this data into a
frequency distribution table? What would be your first step?
Step 1: Gather Your Data Identify Unique
Points Categories
Imagine you asked your classmates their Now, look at your complete list. What are
favorite ice cream flavors. The very first all the different ice cream flavors? Group
step is to list every single response you similar answers together. For example,
collected. Don't sort them yet! Just write "chocolate chip" and "choc chip" are the
down each flavor exactly as it was told to same. These unique flavors will be the
you. This is your raw data. categories in your table!
CATEGORY/IES
Building a Table: Step 2
Next, we use tally marks to count how often each value appears. For
every time a value shows up, draw one tally mark. This helps us easily see
the frequency of each item!

CATEGORY/IES FREQUENCY
Building a Table: Step 3
Now, let's turn those tally marks into actual numbers! Count the tallies for
each category to find its frequency. Then, add all frequencies together to
get the total frequency. This helps check your work!

CATEGORY/IES FREQUENCY RELATIVE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

TOTAL
 Why Use Graphs?
Graphs help us see patterns and compare
information quickly. They make big sets of
numbers easy to understand, like how
many students prefer pizza or tacos. With
graphs, we can visualize data at a glance!

Visual guide to understanding statistical data representation

through graphs.
Pie Graphs: Parts of
a Whole
A pie graph (or circle graph) shows how
different parts make up a whole. Think of it
like slicing a pizza! Each slice represents a
part, like percentages of survey results or
a budget. They are great for seeing
proportions easily.

Pie chart: Visualizing data distribution with segmented parts.

Pie Graph Power!
A pie graph shows parts of a whole, like
how many students prefer certain sports.
Each "slice" represents a proportion or
percentage of the total. A bigger slice
means a larger part! It's like slicing a pizza!

Pie chart: Visualizing data proportions with colored

segments and a legend.
Constructing a Pie Chart: Favorite Movies
Let's imagine you surveyed your friends about their favorite movie genres and created
this frequency distribution table:

Table Your Data Calculate Percentages

Organize your raw data into a frequency Convert frequencies to percentages by dividing
distribution table and find the total. each by the total and multiplying by 100.

Determine Angles
Draw the Pie!
Multiply each relative frequency by 360° to
find the correct angle for each slice. Use a compass to draw a circle and a
protractor to mark out the calculated angles for
each slice.
Challenge Yourself: Fruits and Pie!
Let's combine everything you've learned! A survey asked 50 Grade 7 learners
about their favorite fruit. Here's what we found:
Apple 15
Banana 10
Grapes 8
Orange 7

Strawberry 10
Total
Your task:
• Complete the Frequency Distribution Table by calculating the missing
Relative Frequency, Percentage, and Angle for each fruit.
• Based on your completed table, create a pie graph that visually represents
the Grade 7 learners' favorite fruits!
Bar Graphs: Visual Comparisons
Imagine you want to compare the number of students whose favorite
fruits are Orange, Apple, Pear, Grapes, Watermelon, and Lemon. How
would a bar graph help you quickly see which fruit is most favorite and
how the preferences differ among the fruits?
 Example:
Bar Graph
Catego Water
Orange Apple Pear Grapes Lemon
ry melon

Example: Freque
5 6 9 10 3 6
ncy
Favorite Fruits!
Here is a bar graph showing the
favorite fruits of students. Each bar
represents a fruit, and its height
shows how many students chose it.
The vertical axis (up and down) tells
us the "number of students," and the
horizontal axis (side to side) lists the
“fruits.“

Bar graph visually represents statistical data on

a textured background.
Bar Graph Example:
Mrs. Ignacio wanted to present his weekly
sales in an easier way for her boss. The
frequency distribution table is presented
below. If her boss wanted her to present it
using a bar graph, what would her graph
look like?
Bar Graph Example:
Solution: Based on the given table, we can
conclude that each category is best
described by its frequencies. Remember that
in a bar graph, the height or length of the
bar represents how frequently a specific
category was seen. The height of each bar
represents the equivalent frequency for each
category. Hence, to communicate this data
to her boss, we can create a bar graph to
help her comprehend better color pen sales.
The bar graph shows which color pen sells
the most and which sells the least. Moreover,
a bar graph can show the difference in sales
between each color pen. To create a bar
graph, plot the frequency against the
categories, as illustrated in the graph.
 Line Graphs:
Showing Change
Line graphs are perfect for showing how
things change over time. Imagine tracking
your daily temperature or how much a
plant grows each week. They help us see
trends and patterns clearly.

Line graphs: Perfect for showing how things change over

time.
Line Graph
Line graphs show how data changes over
time. We can track things like daily
attendance. Follow the line to see trends
and patterns easily. For example, did
attendance go up or down on certain
days?

Line graph: Illustrates changes over time, showing trends

and patterns.
Line Graph
Example:
Mr. Dela Cruz's manager wanted to
know (and see more easily) whether
their banana sales had increased or
decreased. Determine if sales
increased or decreased for seven
months using the data provided
below.
Line graph: Illustrates changes over time, showing trends
and patterns.
 Line Graph
Example:

Solution: The provided data is an example of a

time-dependent series. Remember that a line
graph uses dots and lines to reveal a pattern or
trend that may continue in the future. This means
that line graphs are best suited to time series.
The line graph may simply show us the sales
trends over a certain time period. It also allows
us to forecast sales for the next few months. To Line graph: Illustrates changes over time, showing trends
create a line graph, plot the time (horizontal) and patterns.

against the observed phenomena (vertical) and

connect the two with lines. This pattern might
then be utilized to forecast upcoming events.
 Stem-and-Leaf
Plots
A stem-and-leaf plot is a cool way to show
data that keeps all the original numbers! It
helps us see the shape of the data, like
how many people are in certain age
groups, and each individual value too.
Think of it like organizing test scores or
ages!
Stem and Leaf Plot is a unique table in
Visual representations: bar graph, pie chart, line graph, and which each data value is divided into
data table.
a "stem" (the first digit or digits) and a
"leaf" (typically the last digit).
 Stem and Leaf plot
Example
Given the data below, make a stem
and leaf plot out of it.
12, 13, 15, 20, 21, 22, 22, 24, 24, 31, 32, 40
The "stem" values are listed first,
followed by the "leaf" values, which
are arranged right (or left) of the
stem values.
The "stem" is used to group the
results, and each "leaf" displays the
individual scores for each group.
 Interpreting Bar Graphs
Activity 1: Juice Store Sales!
A store of fruit juice recorded the number of glasses sold in a day. Create a bar
graph and answer the following questions. Questions:
1. What juice sold the most?
2. What juice sold the least?
3. How many glasses of apple juice
were sold?
4. How many more glasses of
grape juice were sold than lemon
juice?
5. How many glasses of orange
and apple juice together were sold?
6. How many glasses were sold in
all?
Activity 2: Create a line graph out of the Interpreting Line
data given:
Graphs

ATTENDANCE
100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%
August September October November December
Series 1 Series 2 Series 3
Stem-and-Leaf
Plots
Activity 3: Bong got his friends to do a long jump and got the following
results:
2.5, 2.6, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8 3.1, 3.5, 3.6, 4.3, 5.1
Create a stem and leaf plot.
Explain the distribution of the stem and leaf plot.
STEM LEAF
Imagine you're tracking how many students in your class chose each
type of fruit for a snack. Which type of graph would be best to show
which fruit was the most popular and compare the popularity of all
the fruits?

A A pie graph

B A bar graph.

C A histogram

D A line graph
Imagine you're tracking how many students in your class chose each
type of fruit for a snack. Which type of graph would be best to show
which fruit was the most popular and compare the popularity of all
the fruits?

A A pie graph, because it shows how each fruit contributes to the total number of students.

B A bar graph, because it's great for comparing different categories like fruit choices.

C A histogram, because it groups the number of students who chose each fruit into intervals.

D A line graph, because it shows how popularity changes over time.