SUBJECT: MATHEMATICS
CLASS: JSS 3
TOPIC: CONCEPT AND TYPES OF NUMBER BASES
Number Base is a system of counting natural numbers in bunddles. Some language have
their own unique method or way of counting numbers while others have same method. For
instance, numbers are counted in bundle of ten digits called base ten or denary. The digits
in involve in English natural numbers are: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9.
Some unique number bases include: Base 2 ( Binary), Base 8 (Octal), Base 10 (Denary or
Decimal), Base 16 (Hexadecimal),… there are other bases such as base 3, base 4, base 5,
base 6, etc. The bases of number
system are usually written as a subscript either in word or figure. Examples: 1110112 or
111011two, 57348 or 5734eight, 78110 or 781ten, etc.
NOTE: Numbers in base ten can be written without the base indicated. Therefore any
number base that is written without base indicated should be considered as denary or base
ten numbers.
CLASS ACTIVITY:
Teacher should ask the students to count in their mother tongues.
SUB-TOPIC: BINARY NUMBERS.
Binary numbers are system of counting numbers in base two. In binary system , the greatest
digit is 1 and the least or lowest is 0. Hence, the two digits available in binary numbers are
1 and 0. Binary numbers is the most important number bases because of its usage in
computer. Examples of binary numbers are 111112, 1000001two, 01012, etc.
ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS IN NUMBER
Basic operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division are carried out in other
bases exactly the same as base 10.
ADDITION IN BINARY SYSTEM
To add in binary number, the following steps are important:
• Arrange the numbers as in the addition of decimal numbers.
• Add the elements of the column starting with the right most column.
• Divide the sum by two.
• Record the remainder, which is either 0 or 1.
• Add the quotient to the sum of the next column and repeat the process for the
next column.
NOTE:
. Teachers should explain addition principle in binary numbers to the students using
appropriate illustrations.
Examples:
• Add 111two to 11two
Solution:
1 1 1
1 1
1 0 1 02
• 110112 101012 10012
Solution:
1 1 0 1 1
1 0 1 0 1
1 0 0 1
1 1 1 0 0 0 1two
ADDITION IN OTHER BASES:
The same principle applied when performing addition in binary and denary is applicable
here also.
Examples:
• Add 40002five to 3403five
Solution:
4 0 0 0 2
+ 3 4 0 3
4 3 4 1 0five
• Find the sum of 2332four and 302four.
Solution:
2 3 3 2
+ 3 0 2
3 3 0 0four
• Table of addition in base nine:
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10
2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 11
3 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 12
4 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 12 13
5 5 6 7 8 10 11 12 13 14
6 6 7 8 10 11 12 13 14 15
7 7 8 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
8 8 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
NOTE: Teachers should solve more examples that includes adding in different bases,
addition with missing numbers or digit in diferent bases.
EVALUTION:
Evaluate the following:
• 10112 2
• 1002 2 101112
• Find the sum of 2467 and 83610 give your answer in base seven.
• Find the missing numbers in the following sums in base two.
• 1 0 1 0 1 b. 1 0 1 1
• * * * * * * * *
1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0
