IMAGE
Processing
Quest
For
Knowledge
FCAI – BSU 2020 – 2024
Image Processing Q4K Team
Contents
Chapter One ........................................................................................................................................................ 2
Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................... 2
History of DIP ................................................................................................................................................... 4
Example on DIP ................................................................................................................................................ 4
Key Stages in DIP ............................................................................................................................................. 5
ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺻﻠﻲ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﺑﺎﺭﻙ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺳﻴﺪﻧﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ
Contact with the team on
Telegram YouTube Founder
Image Processing Q4K Team
Chapter One
Introduction
Computer imaging:
the acquisition and processing of visual information by computer.
اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋ� اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﻤﺮﺋ�ﺔ وﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ اﻟ�ﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ
Categories
Computer vision
Process of output images are for use by computer
Image Processing:
The output images are for human consumption
Image processing Computer Vision
Input image Input image
output image output measurements out
Computer Vision Type:
• Image Analysis: ( like we use in example above )
o Types:
Feature Extraction (get information from image)
Pattern Classification: (take this info and identify object from image)
Digital images
representation of a two-dimensional image as a finite set of digital values,
called picture elements or pixels
Digital image = 2D image = finite pixels(picture/image element) (pels)
each pixel = intensity (grey[0-255] ,color[000000-FFFFFF] )
Type of Digital images
- Grayscale or B&W 1 sample per point أي رﻗﻢ واﺣﺪ ﻓﻘﻂ ف ي� كﻞ بﻜﺴﻞ
- Color system = RGB 3 sample per point ارﻗﺎم ﻳﺘﻢ وﺿﻊ ﻗ�ﻤﻬﻢ ض ي� كﻞ بﻜﺴﻞ3 أي
- RGB A image A= Alpha = “opacity of each pixels” ﺷﺪة أﺿﺎة كﻞ بﻜﺴﻞ
Image Processing Q4K Team
Digital images Processing DIP
� Process of processing Digital image
Task of processing of of processing
- For Human: improvement of pictoral infromatoin
- For machine: Processing of image data for storageand representation
ﻣﻬﺎم ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ اﻟﺼﻮر:
-بﺎﻟنﺴبﺔ ش
ﻟﻠب� :ﻋﻤﻠ�ﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﺗﺘﻢ ﻋﻠﺸﺎن ﻧﻘﺪر ﻧﻔﻬﻢ اﻟﺼﻮرة �ﺸكﻞ أوﺿﺢ )ﻟﻮ كﺎن ﻓﻴﻬﺎ �ﺸ��ﺶ او أي ﺣﺎﺟﺔ(
-بﺎﻟنﺴبﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﻬﺎز :ﻋﻤﻠ�ﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ بﺎﻟنﺴبﺔ ﻟﻪ ي
ﻟ� �ﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺗﺨ��ﻦ واﻟﻨﻘﻞ واﻟﺘﻤﺜ�ﻞ ﻟﻔﻬﻤﻬﺎ
Step from image processing to computer visions
ﺣﺘﺔ ش�ح ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﺪي:
�
اﺣﻨﺎ ﻃبﻌﺎ ﻋﺎﻳ��ﻦ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز �ﻔﻬﻢ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﻃ�ﺐ أي ﺧﻄﻮات ان اﻟﺠﻬﺎز �ﻔﻬﻢ اﻟﺤﺮكﺎت:
�ﻌي )ﻣﺸﻮﺷﺔ �ﻈبﻄﻬﺎ= ،noise removeﺣﺎﺟﻪ ﻣﺶ واﺿﺤﻪ ﻳﻮﺿﺤﻬﺎ= ( sharpingدا image ن
� -1ﻈبﻂ اﻟﺼﻮرة ي
processingودا ﻣﻮﺿ�ع اﻟﻤﺎدة ﻋﻠﺸﺎن ﻛﺪا دﺧﻞ ﺻﻮرة وﻃﻠﻌﺖ ﺻﻮرة ﺑﺮﺿﻮ �ﺲ ﻣﺘﻈبﻄﺔ
ق
ب� ودا اﺳﻤﻪ image analysisﺟﺰء ﻣﻦ compute -2ﻇبﻄﻨﺎ اﻟﺼﻮرة وﺷكﻠﻬﺎ واﺿﺢ! ﻧﻄﻠﻊ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ال ﻋﻨﺎ� attributeي
، visionﻋﻠﺸﺎن ﻛﺪا ﻟﻮ دﺧﻠﻨﺎ ﺻﻮرة ﻫ�ﻄﻠﻊ ﻋﻨﺎ� regions or objects
ق
-3ﻃ�ﺐ ﻇبﻄﻨﺎ اﻟﺼﻮرة وﻃﻠﻌﻨﺎ اﻟﻌﻨﺎ� و�ﻌﺪﻳﻦ؟! ﺧﻼص ﺟﺎ دور اﻟﺠﻬﺎز اﻧﻪ �ﻔﻬﻢ و�ﺴﺘﻌﻮب اﻟﺼﻮرة و�ﻌﻤﻞ ي
ب� اﻷواﻣﺮ
اﻟﻤﻄﻠ��ﺔ ﻣﻨﻪ )ودا ﻣﺶ ﺗﺒﻊ ﻛﻮرﺳﻨﺎ(
1 3
2
Image Processing Q4K Team
History of DIP
1920s 1960s 1970s 1980s
Early: improve image that Medical application From 1980 to now
-News-paper transmutation take for space missions 3D x-ray
We use DIM at many fields
By combine many 2D x-
-System: Bartlane cable
-Using: computers ray images Image
-Using: submarine cable & enhancement/restoration
telegraph printer 🖨🖨 -Using: technology
behind Computerized Artistic effects
Mid-late: Axial Tomography (CAT) Medical visualization
Improvement of quality images Industrial inspection
-System: Bartlane cable Law enforcement
Human computer interfaces
-Using: photographic techniques
& Increased number of tones
in reproduced images
Example on DIP
Image Processing Q4K Team
Key Stages in DIP
• Image Acquisition: preprocessing stage , such as scaling.
ﻋﻤﻠ�ﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻗبﻞ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ي:ﻋ� اﻟﺼﻮرة
�و اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ي
( اﻧﻚ ﺗﺼﻮر اﻟﺼﻮرة )ﺗﺤ��ﻞ اﻟﻀﻮء ﻟﺼﻮرة-1
pixels ﺗﺤﻮل اﻟﺼﻮرة ﻟﻞ:Digitization -2
• Image enhancement: manipulating an image (improve image visually)
• Image restoration: - is taking an image with some known or estimated degradation and
restoring it to its original appearing
ھﺗظﮭر اﻟﺗﻔﺎﺻﯾل ال ﻣش ﺑﺎﯾﻧﺔ: enhancement ﺗﺣﺳﯾن
وﻋﺎﯾزﯾن ﻧرﺟﻌﮭﺎ ﻻﺻﻠﮭﺎdegradation اﻟﺻورة ذات ﻧﻔﺳﮭﺎ ﻓﯾﮭﺎ ﻋﯾوب: restoration أﺳﺗﻌﺎدة
Image Processing Q4K Team
ﻧطﻠﻊ ﺑﻘﻲ ال ﺣﺟﺎت ال ﻓﯾﮭﺎ،دﺧﻠﻧﺎ اﻟﺻورة ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﻛﻣﺑﯾوﺗر وظﺑطﻧﺎ اﻟﺟودة
• Morphological processing:
extracting image components that are useful in the representation and description of shape.
such as : boundaries اﻟﺣدود, skeletons ھﯾﻛل اﻻﺷﻛﺎل, and the convex hull
• Segmentation: - subdivides an image into its constituent ﻣﻛوﻧﺎﺗﮭﺎ
ﯾﻘوم ﺑﺗوﺿﯾﺢ اﺟزء اﻟﺻورة ﻣﺛل اﻟﺣدود ﻟﻼﺟزاء اﻟداﺧﻠﯾﺔ: morphing ﺗﺣدﯾد اﻻﺷﻛﺎل
morphing ﻧﺳﺗﺧرج اﻻﺷﻛﺎل اﻷﺳﺎﺳﯾﺔ ﻣن اﻟﺻورة ﺑﻌدﻣﺎ ﺗم ﺗﺣددﯾدھﺎ ﻣن ال: segmentation ﺗﻘﺳﯾم
ﻛﺎن ﯾظن ان اﻟﻧﻘط اﻟﺑﯾﺿﺎء ﺟزء ﻣن اﻟﺻورة ﻟﻛن الsegmentation الmorphing ﻛﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺛﺎل اﻟﺻورة ﻗﺑل ال
ﻗﺎم ﺑﺗﺣدﯾد اﻷﺟزاء واﻟﺣدود اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﻣﺛل اﻟﺻورة ﻓﻌﻼً ﻟﻛﻲ ﯾﺗم اﺳﺗﺧراﺟﮭﺎmorphing
��
�ﺴ� اﻟﻌﻨﺎ� دي ﻋﺸﺎن ﻧﺤﺪد اﻟﺸكﻞ اﻟ ي
ي ﻗﺪرﻧﺎ ﻧﺤﺪد اﻟﻌﻨﺎ� ال ض ي� اﻟﺼﻮرة ﻛﺪا ﻧﺎﻗﺺ ﻧﻌﺮﺿﻬﻢ و
• Representation and description: - output of a segmentation stage = raw pixel data, SO
constituting either the boundary of a region or all the points in the region itself.
اﻟﺨﻄﻮة دي ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﻮﺻﻒ اﻟﺼﻮرة ﻧﺨ�ج ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻣﻨﻬﺎ،pixels ﻏ� اﻣﺎ�ﻨﻬﺎ ودرﺟﺔ كﻞ ﻏ� ﻣﻌﺮوﻓﺔ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ي
� ﺑ�ﺎﻧﺎت ي يsegmentation ﻧﺎﺗﺞ ال
ً
( ف ي� ﺷكﻞ ﺣﺪود داﺧﻠ�ﻪ ﻟبﺎب ﻣﺜﻼ وﺷبﺎك،اﻟﻌﺠﻠﺘن
يف يف
ﺟﺴﻢ ﻣ��ــﻊ ﻓﻮق، ﻋﺠﻠﺘن ﺗﺤﺖ �ﻣﺜ� ﻟﻮ ﻋ���ﺔ ف اﻟﻮﺻﻒ ﻫ�ﻜﻮن ان ) ف ي
Steps to make Representing:
1- decision whether the data should be represented as a boundary or as a complete region.
a. Boundary representation focus on external shape characteristics, ( corners and inflections)
b. Regional representation focuses on internal properties, ( texture or skeletal shape).
Description(feature selection)
deals with extracting attributes that result in some quantitative information of interest or are basic for
differentiating one class of objects from another.
( وﻧﺣدد ﻗﯾﻣﮭﺎfeatures ﻧﺑدأ ﺑﻘﻲ ﻧﻌطﻲ وﺻف )اﻟوﺻف ھﻧﺎ ھﻲ الrepresentation ﻧﺎﺗﺞ ال
• Recognition: - is the process that assigns a label (e.g., “vehicle”) to an object based on its descriptors.
وأﺧﯾرا ً وﻟﯾس اﺧرا ً ﻧﻌطﻲ اﺳم ﺑﻘﻲ ﻟﻠﺷﻛل ال ﺧرج دا وﺑس ﻋﻠﺷﺎن ﻧﻛون ﻓﻌﻼً ﻗدرﻧﺎ ﻧﻔﮭم أي ال ﻓﻲ اﻟﺻورة دا
