CENTRAL WESTERN UNIVERSITY "LISANDRO ALVARADO"

EXPERIMENTAL DEANERY OF HUMANITIES AND ARTS

Bachelor's Degree Program in Psychology

Integrantes:Dimas Barreto, C.I. 12.434.585 y Dannaly Vera, C.I. 26.269.006

Comparative table
Communication Theory of Structural Theory of Minuchin Haley's Strategic Theory
Virginia Satir
Authors Virginia Satir (1916-1988) Salvador Minuchin Jay Haley (1923-2007)
Cloé Madanes (1940- actualidad)
Theory Family life resembles a structural model of family therapy.
little to an 'iceberg'. The developed side between 1970-1979. Symptom how metaphor del
hidden of the iceberg can be problem: They suggest that the symptom is
explain through an exam of The context is included and expressed as a response.
four aspects: shared responsibility in adapting to some conflict of order
LA SELF-ESTEEM. The the members. hierarchical structure of the family, that is to say, a
feelings and ideas that one power struggle among the members, and
has about himself. Analysis of triadic relationships therefore the symptom works as
THE COMMUNICATION. The structure and organization are being studiedstabilizer or protector in the family.
forms developed by the familiar, which refers to the Therefore, the symptom fulfills a
people to express what functional restrictions present in function within relationships
they want to tell each other a family; if these are the interpersonal family relationships, having
one another. sufficiently clear allows the a reason for being, which the therapist
THE RULES The norms that development of its members. try to investigate. The type of interaction
each person follows. These structures determine the roles what is handled around the symptom is the
THE LINK WITH THE and give way to the interactions of the what generates the analogy of the
SOCIETY. The norms family. interactions
used by people to
act and feel that they arrive at Hierarchization: Indicates who or Hierarchy / Power imbalance:
constitute. who decide and command within the The structure in which it is located
family. If the hierarchy is not clear power distributed, waiting
Communication patterns can generate conflicts and confusion as long as the parents are the
in family life in the development of the members. responsible for the children and that not
One of the most cited aspects create intergenerational coalitions,
from their work, they are the 'patterns' Borders or boundaries between the that is, for a father to make a covenant
o ways recurrent of subsystems: They are the barriers between the
with one child against the other
behave (which include a relationship of family members, progenitor. They propose that a system
conjunto de subsistemas como its subsystems and the communication with the familiar becomes pathological when the
it is the 'verbal', 'physical' the exterior. They allow to define what they are like Hierarchy is not functioning correctly.
‘cognitive’…) Satire the the contributions of the members Therefore, when there is a conflict
identify as models- among themselves. These can be: in the hierarchical order there is a struggle
patterns used by the of powers among the members with the
people to communicate with and that -Rigid or waterproof: Each intention to clarify the positions of
respond in a way of member it works with each one within the system.
avoid rejection or threats independence from one another, exists
of the environment or the medium: a greater distance in relation to Vital cycle
1.- ACCUSER O to the socio-affective needs. 1. Courtship period
CULPADOREs the figure of a -Diffuse or blurry: They are few 2. Early days of marriage
superyo (word not used by defined, with no clear boundaries between 3. Birth of the children and treatment with
Satir) Always finds faults, the members. There is greater they.
he is a dictator, he feels dependency on support, affection and 4. Period intermittent del
superior. Excessive, apart from the protection among the members, and marriage
literal meaning that is said in few independence e 5. Weaning from the parents regarding
in his tone there is an accusation and individuation of the same. of his children.
disagreement of principle with him 6. Retirement from active life and old age.
interlocutor (it seems to say Part of a normality model, the
You never do anything right. What which implies that a family How addiction is understood
is what happens to you?). The body properly organized will maintain The use of drugs is understood as a
it also speaks and seems to say with clearly established limits in symptom that indicates discomfort of the
his upright posture: 'I am the each subsystem, among them: inadequate functioning of the
what commands here; the interior family
it has another characterized storyMarital subsystem: closed boundaries
that allow to protect the privacy of
due to the frustration and loneliness of
an individual who cries out in the couple.
reality of being accepted and loved.
 Parental subsystem: clear boundaries
2.- APPLICATOR - Always between parents and children, that
speaks to ingratiate, trying allow the necessary access of the
to please, to excuse, never children to the parents.
is in disagreement on none
Shape. The words agree: Sibling subsystem: limits
Everything you want is your own and hierarchical organization with
Good. I only wish for your happiness." The tasks and privileges corresponding to their gender and
body supplication I am age according to culture.
"helpless". The interior: "I
I feel a void; without him I am Environment limit: limits with the
lost. I am worth nothing external factors to the family nucleus,
such as other relatives of the
3.- SUPER REASONABLE - It is extended family and agents of
exaggeratedly correct and social institutions in general.
reasonable, does not demonstrate any
feeling. It is calm, cold and Distance: It is the existing space
imperturbable. The ultra words among the members of the system
reasonable: "If one were to start close. The shorter the distance, the greater the
carefully observe the sense of belonging.
present persons, notary that
there are those who have hands
mistreated by work.
I am calm,
cold and unperturbed." The interior:
I feel vulnerable.

4.- IRRELEVANT.- It will say the

will do things that have little
relationship with what they say or
do the others. Of the same
so that the other patterns,
the words he uses seem
say above your
meaning: 'this that I say does not
makes sense.” The visualization
the body can very well be that of
a contorted and in an object
excess distracted. In the dynamics
inside there is a deep feeling
of not mattering to anyone.
5.- OPEN OR FLUID:
all the elements of your
message goes in the same one
direction. Words, gestures and
body position matches.
Of all the models, it is the only one.
capable of smoothing over breaks,
eliminate disagreements and save
gaps. Relationships are
easy, free, honest and not
they represent threats to the
self-esteem.

Additionally, these first four

models have valences and
modes of behavior
positive, call DIMENSION
RENOVATOR, for example,
in the case of the accuser
"renewed" becomes the
ability to defend the
own rights, in raising the
voice when necessary; the
super-reasonable "renewed" is
convert into creative use of
our intelligence the
irrelevance renewed be
 convert into the ability to be
spontaneous and gives us new
directions to realize
of our realities.
Satire in its 'theory' highlights the
articulation of three operations:
1. a clear idea of the
experience of communication.
2. a therapy for
promote environments
communicative.
3. an original approach and
dynamic applied to life
familiar.

Objective of the Support the members of Modify the organization of the family Help to cope with personal crises
therapy family so that they can through the restructuring of each stage of the family life cycle
to communicate feelings, family relationship system. to then move on to the next stage.
emotions and ideas in form Likewise, the therapy focuses on the
effective and that they can also In this way, it seeks to increase the social context in which it is found
receive, process and transmit yourflexibility of the structures of the the family, for which it is susceptible to
ideas coherently. family, helping them adapt and the social network external to the family and
Providing the possibility of modify them as required by the must be included in the process
to reach the model as a family changing circumstances and, therefore, therapeutic.
open fluid communicative modify the experience of each
so that they can soften member. Its objective is to know and understand.
breakdowns, eliminate disagreements and how families seek to solve
reduce distancing between the problems within your system,
they. to indicate other methods. This is
starting from the idea that the
attempted solutions that did not work
success can increase the problem or
to become one.
For this, the essence of this therapy is
 make the family try solutions
different and innovative.
Structure of In the generic structure, to carry out the therapy, the focus is on resolving the problem.
the therapy we found three major stages the therapist must associate with the family, presented, that is, goes directly to
from family therapy: firstly, through their union the strategies to solve
ESTABLISH relating to the family system "problem solving".
CONTACT Then settle down by doing the
TO CARRY OUT UNAlliance, where the organization is accepted A first interview is conducted,
CONTRACT Of the family style. which consists of four stages:
Informal work; 1. Social phase: It is the first contact
the therapist meets with the Once settled in the system with the family members
family and ends when it familiar, plays an active role where an effort is made to create a
consider that you have collected trying to modify the organization ambiente of trust y
enough information and has of the same. comfort. At this phase it is
established trust crucial to the observation of
necessary to proceed At the same time, the contract is established behavior of the members
with the following phase. therapeutic, where it is proposed the how they sit, their interaction and
2. Subsequently comes a intention of helping the family with the also those who try to ally themselves
STAGE OF "CHAOS" problem they bring to therapy, therefore with the therapist.
during which the therapist which agreements should be generated in 2. Statement of the problem:
usually intervenes in the regarding the nature of the problem and It consists of consulting the problem
system to disturb him; the objectives of change. Likewise, brought to the consultation and know the
this stage is characterized by it also indicates the framing opinion of each member of the
the arrangement of one or moretherapeutic, indicating the space family in this regard without doing
members of running the where the therapies will take place, the inferences at this moment.
risk of delving into a frequency of the sessions and the time 3. Interaction phase: It is here
unknown territory. of each one. When does the formulation begin?
3. Finally, it is hoped for a of hypotheses about the function of
NEW INTEGRATION symptom in the family dynamics, to
characterized for a At the same time, the therapist is clarifying
feeling of hope and the and getting to know through questions
willingness to do the and how are the observations
things in a way established hierarchies and which
it has been the sequence of the symptom,
 different and new; they change when does it appear, what do they do
the perceptions that the members, among other variables.
members have over the At this moment, the therapist is
system, the ways of position in the background,
communication and in summary the promoting among the members
family self-esteem the communication of the
discrepancies and observing the
behaviors that they maintain during
the interaction.
4.Phase of intervention
Corresponds to the execution of
techniques to generate a change to
through targeted action
by the therapist.
Role of There exist five principles The role of the therapist is to join in. It assumes a directive role, with
therapist fundamental therapeutic in family to repair or modify their responsibility in planning a
the intervention methods. functioning to carry out the specific strategy for each family
These keys must be tasks and redesign their organization in order to solve the problems.
presents throughout the one that approaches as closely as possible to the one taken to therapy. Therefore, not
treatment, of which there is a normative model. establece los mismos métodos para
requires the therapist to participate in all cases.
to facilitate It has the role of an active intruder,The therapist is the one who sets the goals.
coparticipation, with position of and the way to work on the problem that
Experiential methodology closeness and intermediary bring the family to therapy, it is who has
This characteristic implies the power.
mainly of the aspects: the
full perception of the experience
personally the re-experimentation
of events
significant from the past as
part of the therapy. Satir
highlighted the importance of a
hypothetical body memory
as a useful tool for the
therapeutic change.

2. Systemic Character
"systemic" refers here to
other interpersonal contexts,
to the interaction between the past and
the present and even to the own
organism as a whole.

3. Positive directionality
Satir stated that the therapist
must help customers to
perceive the world in a way
positive, to achieve physical health and
psychological and to develop
its maximum human potential.

4. Focus on change
Satir family therapy
focuses on the transformation
personal and interpersonal.

5. Autocongruence del
therapist
The congruence between behavior
and the therapist's self is a
necessary condition for
this can help others
people to reach their own
own. The client perceives this
congruence a through of
tools like humor, the
metaphors, the self-revelations
and creative behaviors
 in general.
Techniques Within their means and techniques 'More action less talk' Approach of directives:
we found variety of It consists of directly proposing the
experimental activities that Union and accommodation (joining): It is implementation of alternative behaviors
and real life to the family system the process where the therapist enters into in order to change the existing ones
how are they: the family system to begin the that are related to the
The family sculpture: therapy. It is a bidirectional process, the maintenance of the symptom. These
This technique consists of having each the therapist and the family settle in Management tasks must be carried out by
family member believes his mutually to join. The goal successive approximations.
image of the family here is to decrease the distance between the
through a sculpture. The therapist and the family. -Direct tasks: They are tasks with the
therapist helps you in this objective for them to comply. (leave
construction, at the same time as it Tracking: It is the collection of to do something or to do something different
helps to realize the information about the structure Indirect hints: They are tasks with the
distances, roles, hierarchies andfamily and its interaction dynamics, objective of not fulfilling it or it
rules that connotes it through the exploration of the they change due to rebellion. These
structure. situations that the family shares. They they include paradoxical tasks and
Then, the author of the sculpture try to understand the alliances, are used when they have already
put in her, express her feelings in hierarchies and coalitions of the family. rejected all alternatives and
that place and gives voice to the It involves the posing of questions. proposed solutions attempts,
different characters that are to clarify during the session, por lo cual el/la terapeuta espera
part of the sculpture. The realization of comments that resists and thus changes.
therapist can foster the approvers or stimulate the expansion
movement of the sculpture from a point. During this technique, not Ordeals: It consists of indicating a
one must question what it says
recontextualize it and make it possible task that causes an equal or similar discomfort
a new sculpture where family, but to validate them, to encourage andworse than the one that generates the symptom; this

each family member can accept their communications. It must be something that the person can
to occupy your place fully. This carry out and that does not cause harm to
usually involves modifying certain Maintenance: During the process patient nor another person. This must
roles, hierarchies, rules. of accommodation, the therapist make it more effective for the person
Strings as an instrument using the maintenance technique difficult to have the symptom that
therapeutic: The objective of this act by respecting the rules andabandon it.
the technique is to show throughcurrent dynamics of the family system Direct task: It is requested that each time
strings as occurs the allowing all types of interaction
communication, the tensions that arise among the members of let the
the problem be presented
attention demands, and family during the session. To carry personout undergoes a certain ordeal,
feelings of abandonment that this technique, the therapist must that is, some action that
they can to experiment the constantly confirming in a way intensify the discomfort.
family members and how to be active and provide support to the subsystems Paradoxical: To encourage the person to
se dan estos fenómenos en el familiares y/o el potencial y la fuerza have the problem for which he/she has gone
establishment of sus of an individual. the consultation.
relationships. It involves giving Therapist as ordeal: The
a rope that each one would tie to Mimicry: It consists of imitating confrontation and the interpretations
his/her waist (cord of the self), actions taken by a member of of the therapist that are not pleasing
also deliver other strings the family so that they feel the for the patient.
additional what they must closest therapist, as if
share with your relatives, these will be part of its system. From this Change the memories: It is proposed to
they will simulate the establishment of this technique can be used the person who adds memories
the relationships between each personto adapt to the family style and the different from a moment in the past that
and their relatives and the tensions modalities of affection and, from this caused discomfort, or that for each
that those connections can way to achieve accommodation with the negative memory I searched for memories
to cause. family system. positives, based on the premise of
that, if there is any good memory, of
Party of the parts Restructuring: They consist of thesurely there are more.
This technique has as its main therapeutic interventions to achieve
objective for the patient to recognizea change, those that generate a Redefinition and positive connotation:
various aspects of their personality, movement towards the goals It consists of presenting the problem with
of itself, relates them therapeutic a redefinition that turns it into
and I integrated them. It is a group technique, Positive redefining of the symptom: resolvable; the goal is that the
which consists of the patient It consists of the reformulation of definition of the same change so that
invite to a party between 6 and positive actions, redefine has been understood as a situation that
10 interesting characters for him, situations and interactions given in It can be solved.
both for pleasant reasons and the family giving a meaning
unpleasant. The summon different from the one given so far. The metaphor using analogies:
choosing people for each role Therefore, the structure is questioned. It consists of making formulations of
and saying why that character and vision of the reality of the system very similar things to each other and explain
it is important. Once everyone familiar. the analogical relationship between them.
they are chosen, the party begins Task prescription: Allow At the narrative level, it is implemented
in which some stages are given: indicate and update aspects that are not based on stories with a
Meeting between the parties. they would develop in analogy with which the patient or the
2. Conflict between the parties. spontaneous and natural as family members should bring out
3. Transformación de las partes. family transactions. They can have a moral that relates to it.
The host observes these stages, at to carry out tasks that promote the problem.
the time it is integrating how carrying out activities can also be done through
each part needs to cooperate with the set to promote alliances metaphorical actions, for example,
another. An example that the alternatives a the existing actions of the therapist that are
the author is that, if whom represents actualmente en el sistema familiar, parecidas a como se espera que
to sexuality, it wouldn't be that is to say, a restructuring of what happened could also be applied
limited by Intelligence and the limits. with the family members.
Ambition could bring pleasure to -Dramatization in the session: It consists of
Alceste; Ambition could in developing a scene or action
reply that yes, he pays attention at the present moment of the session,
Sexuality would not reach its in order to alter some function or
goals and so on. These
structure.
parts would have to dialogue between
Imbalance: It consists of forcing the
yes to reach new agreements and
restructuring of boundaries through
forms of cooperation. In each
instance is important that the
the creation of an intense alliance
between the therapist and a subsystem
Host manifest how it is
feel. familiar for a given moment.
Subsequently, compensation must be made for the
Virginia Satr also proposes
other techniques: action to reclaim neutrality
of the therapist within the system
The Metaphor. familiar.
The Drama. Recreation of the channels of
Reassessment communication: It is the application of
O
Rephrasing. techniques for stimulate the
Humor and Contact. intrafamily communication in the
Postures session for the purpose of the
Of
members talk to each other and not with him
Communication.
therapist. For example, avoid looking
Ballet Of Stress
to any of the members, to refuse to
Familiar
 Simulated Family respond when spoken to
Autonomy In A and point to some member of the
Relationship. family.
Reconstruction Manipulation of space: It is the
Familiar. geographical redistribution of the
family members during the
session with some objective
therapeutic. This technique also
it can work to stimulate the
dialogue, create or consolidate boundaries.
-Exaggeration of the symptom: It consists of
in reinforce the symptoms
identified y increase on
intensity being inside the
family system.
Manipulation of mood: It consists of
in an exaggerated imitation of the
family style to stimulate the
confrontation mechanisms against
the anomaly.
Support, education, and guidance: It consists of
in teaching families ways to
support each other, also to
face the extrafamilial world.

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Torres, A. The Family Therapy of Virginia Satir: Its ObjectivesY Uses, Document retrieved on 12/06/21, from
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