MATRIX SCHEME

Order matrix 1 22

m rows and n columns A matrix of order 2 x 3
mxn 0 61
TYPES OF MATRICES
1
Column matrix It has a column A 0order 3x1
2


Row matrix It has a row A  2 1 2 order

1  1x4

2 1 0
It has the same number of rows as A 2
 1 3 order 3
Square matrix
columns
1
 3 1

1 0
Matrix It is obtained by swapping rows for 1 21
A At 2 2
transpose of A columns 0 2 3
1
 3

Square matrix with zeros 1 0 0

Diagonal matrix elementos fuera de la diagonal A 02 0
principal 0 0 6

1 0 0
Diagonal matrix with ones in the 0 1 0
Identity matrix 3
main diagonal
0 0 1
1 32
Zeros below the diagonal
Main triangular matrix (lower) or above A 05 1
superior 0 0 6
OPERATIONS WITH MATRICES
21 1 1
A A B
3 2 4 5
SUM AND SUBTRACTThey must have the same order. It 1
 2 33
add or subtract element by element B A B
1 3 21

62
2A
All the elements are multiplied 31 0 4
Product for a A
by that number. It also
number 0 2 9
 3
you can factor out 3
 A
0 6


1 3
The product of matrices is performed 1 2 11
A 1
 0
when the number of columns of the A B 1
 12
Product of 1 2
the first matrix matches the
matrices 1 1 8
number of rows of the second 11 2
matrix. IT IS NOT COMMUTATIVE B B It cannot be done
0 1 3

1 1 0 1 10
F2 2F 1
Number of rows or columns linearly A 2 1 1 01
F3F 1
1
independents. We make zeros for 1
 12 0 22
Range below the “diagonal”. The range
it will be the number of rows or columns 1 1 0
no nulls
F32F2
01
 1 Rank A 2  
0 0 0

María de la Rosa Sánchez Course: 2021-2022

 a11 a12
. A A a a
11
a 22a 12 21
a21a22
It is a real number.
SiA 0  A 1 a11 a12 a13
Determinants If A is a matrix of order n . A a21a22a23
conA 0, then rank(A) = a31a32a33
n A a11a22a33 a21a32a13 a31a12a23
a
 13a22a31 a23a32a11 a33a12a21

1 2 1
A 0 1 0
Given a square matrix of
order n if there exists another matrix B of 2 0 3
order n such that A B B A n, himself
1 2 1 1 00 1 2 1 1 0 0
it says that B is the inverse matrix of A 0 1 0 0 1 0 3 F 2F 1 0 1 0 0 1 0
and is represented by BA 1 . 20 3 0 0 1 0412 0 1
Inverse matrix The inverse of a regular matrix A 1 211 0 0 120 341

it is calculated by transforming the matrix
F3 4F 02 1 0 0 1 0 F F 0 1 1 3 0 0 1 0
(A/I) through operations
0 0 12 4 1 0 0 12 4 1
elementary of the rows in the matrix
(I/A-1). 1 0 0 361
 3 6
 1

F1 2F 02 1 0 0 1 0 A 1

0 1 0
0 0 12 4 1 2
 4 1

MATRIX EQUATION SYSTEMS

0 5 4
 7 1 2
3X 2Y A
Solve the following matrix system conA 5 9 0 yB 6
 6 7
2X Y B
154 4 1052

We solve it by reduction:
3X 2years A
3X 2Y A 1
F12F2
4X 2Y 2B X 
A 2B 
2X Y B 7
7X A2B
0 5 4
 7 1 2 14 7 0 2 1 0
1 1 1
X  A 2B  5 9 0 26 6 7 7
 21 14 1
 3 2
7 7 7
154 4 1052
 3514 0 5 2
 0

7 1 2 2
1 0 3 1
 2
2X Y B Y B 2X 6
 6 7 21 3 2 4
 03
1052 5 2
 0 0 1
 2


Equations
To solve matrix equations, one must be very careful when isolating the unknown matrix.
matrix
A X B A1 A X A1 B X A1 B X A1 B

X A B X A A1 B A1 X B A1 X B A1

AX B C AX C  B A 1 A X A 1 C B X A 1 CB X A 1 CB  

It's necessary to "protect" matrix additions and subtractions with parentheses.
AXB C AXB C A1 AXB A1 C  XB A 1 C  
XBB1 A1   C B1  X A 1  C B1  

Mary of the Rose Sanchez Course: 2021-2022