Summary
BEGINNER
Grammar use and
structure
VERB TO BE
I AM / am not (ser o estar)
you
we ARE/ structure:
they aren't + subject + be I am tall.
- subject + not be She isn't my sister.
he Are you from Argentina ?
she IS / ? Be + subject
it isn't
It's a fast car.
WH QUESTIONS
structure : Question Word + verb + subject
Who is Tom? He's my friend.
What is your email? It's zorg15@[Link]
Where are you from? I'm from London.
When is the concert? It's on Saturday.
How are you? I'm fine, thanks.
How old is she? She's fiften.
question verb subject
word
SINGULAR AND PLURAL NOUNS
Singular noun: A / AN Plural nouns
It's a book. They are books.
It's an umbrella.
They are pictures.
She's a teacher.
Is it a book? — Yes it is Are they books?— yes, they are.
SINGULAR AND PLURAL NOUNS
• Plural nouns
bag add -s
holiday
class add -es (after ch,
watch sh, s, x)
country
dictionary y = -ies
THIS/ THAT / THESE / THOSE
POSSESIVE ADJECTIVES
Use: to indicate possesion.
ADJECTIVES
Use: to describe a person/ place / thing
• before a verb • That car is expensive.
• after a noun • those cars are expensive.
• It's an old house.
• They are old houses.
PRESENT SIMPLE
Use: to talk about routines and facts
I have cereal for breakfast
structure: She has coffee for breakfast.
+ Subject + verb I don't do exersice.
- subject + don't + verb She doesn't do exersice.
? Do + subject+ verb Do you eat meat?
Does she eat meat?
ADVERBS POR FREQUENCY
Use: to say how often we do something
• it goes before the verb
I always have breakfast.
usually They usually finish work at 5:00.
He never eats meat.
Do you usually go shopping on Saturday ?
• after verb to be
They are always tired.
ORDER IN QUESTIONS
Questions with BE (am/is/are)
Verb + subject Are you tired?
Are you a student?
Yes / No question
Is this your coat?
Question
word + Verb + subject How old are you?
Where are you from?
What time is it? Wh questions
Why are you late? (require information)
Who are you?
ORDER IN QUESTIONS
Questions with OTHER VERBS
Auxiliar + subj+ infinitive Do you go out on
(ASI) Friday nights?
Does she go to school? Yes / No question
Question
word + auxiliary + subj+ inf Where do you work?
(QuASI) What does your sister
do? Wh questions
How do you spell your (require information)
name?
IMPERATIVES
Imperatives:
we use them to give orders or instructions
Come here.
Read exercise 5.
Open your nooks.
Make silence!
Don't be late.
imperatives DO NOT need a subject
OBJECT PRONOUNS
The object of a sentence is the person
who recieves the action.
Listen to me.
I love you.
I see him every week.
Don't talk to her.
I want it for Christmas.
They don't speak to us.
I want to read them (nooks).
CAN / CAN'T
Use: for ability, permission, possibility
structure I can swim.
can + infinitive He can help us.
can't + infinitive She can't play the piano.
can + subj + infinitive Can I park here?
LIKE + VERB ING
after verbs like, love, hate we use ING
I love cooking.
He likes going for a walk.
She doesn't like studying
What do you like doing at the
weekend?
PRESENT CONTINUOS
Use: to talk about thing happening at the
moment
temporary events
structure
I 'm reading a book.
BE + verb ING
She 's working at home today
BE NOT + verb ING
He isn't listening.
Be + subj+ ing
Are you listening?
PAST SIMPLE : REGULAR
& IRREGULAR VERBS
Regular verbs : end i'm "-ed" Irregular verbs: change their form
I worked a lot this week.
+ verb -ed She bought a new pair of shoes.
- didn't + infinitive They didn't listen to me.
? Did + subj.+ Infinitive We didn't do the homework.
Did you have breakfast?
Did they play tennis?
