ASHRAE Thermal Load

Cooling Thermal Load

ASHRAE Method

Main Feature: takes into account the 'thermal storage' of the elements that make up
the envelope of the studied environment.

ü Driving in temporary regime

ü Absorption of radiant energy emitted inside the environment

ü Carga Térmica:
sum of heat fluxes that go to the air by convection

The amount of heat released by radiation has to be absorbed by the components of the
buildingÞ heat these elementsÞ to be transferred to the air by convection.

light
Example: Lamps Radiation
heat
Convection

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 ASHRAE Thermal Load

Stored heat
Total heat
released

Real thermal load

time

acesas extinguished Stored heat

removed

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 ASHRAE Thermal Load

✔Heat Conduction:

External walls and doors and coverings:

q = U. A. DTCR

DTCR temperature difference for cooling load

Tabbed for various walls, for the following conditions:

ü internal temperature: 25º C
ü maximum external temperature: 35º C
ü daily variation: 12º C
ü latitude: 40º N = 40º S
ü day = July 21 = January 21

✔ Conduction through internal walls and glass

q = U. A.∆T ; ∆T = Tint - Text

✔ Infiltration and ventilation: same method calculated by ABNT

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 ASHRAE Thermal Load

✔ Solar Radiation on Windows

q = SHGF . A . CS . FCR

Solar Heat Gain - Table

CS: Shading coefficient: Table 4-11

FCR: Cooling load factor: Table 4-12

✔ Lamps
q = power of the lamps x FCRlamp
FCRlamp.cooling load factor for lamps - Table 4-6

✔ People
Latent: even from ABNT
sensitive: number of people X heat released per person X FCRpeople

Table 4-3

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 ASHRAE Thermal Load

✔ Procedure
Make timetables for each of the heat gains

Hour Text The CLTO qcondSHGF People FCR

1 Tc1ctc C1 q1 0 P1 F1
2 Tc2ctc C2 q2 0 P2 F2
: : : : : : : :
24 Tc24ctc Cn qn 0 Pn Fn

If the design conditions are different from those presented earlier, they must be corrected.
DTCR tabulated according to the formulas presented in the tables themselves

1
U=
R total
1 1 li
R Ttotal
= ++å
hext hint who

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 ASHRAE Thermal Load

Hourly determination of the outdoor air temperature

TextiTmaxext- amplitude x Fi

31 ºC

Hour Fi Hour Fi Hour Fi Fi Hour

1 0.87 7 0.93 13 0.11 19 0,34
2 0.92 8 0.84 14 0.03 20 0.47
3 0.96 9 0.71 15 0.00 21 0.58
4 0.99 10 0.56 16 0.03 22 0.68
5 1.00 11 0.39 17 0,10 23 0,76
6 0.98 12 0.23 18 0,21 24 0.82

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 ASHRAE Thermal Load

Cooling load factors for sensible heat for people

Hours later
Total hours in the venue
of each
entry in
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
enclosure
1 0,49 0,49 0,50 0,51 0,53 0,55 0,58 0,62
2 0,58 0,59 0,60 0,61 0,62 0,64 0,66 0,70
3 0,17 0,66 0,67 0,67 0,69 0,70 0,72 0,75
4 0,13 0,71 0,72 0,72 0,71 0,75 0,77 0,79
5 0,10 0,27 0,76 0,76 0,77 0,79 0,80 0,82
6 0,08 0,21 0,79 0,80 0,80 0,81 0,83 0,85
7 0,07 0,16 0,34 0,82 0,83 0,84 0,85 0,87
8 0,06 0,14 0,26 0,84 0,85 0,86 0,87 0,88
9 0,05 0,11 0,21 0,38 0,87 0,88 0,89 0,90
10 0,04 0,10 0,18 0,30 0,89 0,89 0,90 0,91
11 0,04 0,08 0,15 0,25 0,42 0,91 0,91 0,92
12 0.03 0.07 0.13 0.21 0.34 0.92 0.92 0.93
13 0,03 0,06 0,11 0,18 0,28 0,45 0,93 0,94
14 0,02 0,06 0,10 0,15 0,23 0,36 0,94 0,95
15 0,02 0,05 0,08 0,13 0,20 0,30 0,47 0,95
16 0,02 0,04 0,07 0,12 0,17 0,25 0,38 0,96
17 0,02 0,04 0,06 0,10 0,15 0,21 0,31 0,49
18 0,01 0,03 0,06 0,09 0,13 0,19 0,26 0,39
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 ASHRAE Thermal Load

Cooling thermal load factors for lighting

Description of connections:

x - recessed lights without ventilation. The air supply and return are positioned
below or on the surface of the lining.

y - apparent (hanging) lamps and ventilated. The air inflow mouths are
located on the surface of the ceiling or below it and the return air vents around the
electrical connections through the space of the ceiling.

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 ASHRAE Thermal Load
Thermal load factors for lighting refrigeration
Connection x Connection and
Hours after the
operating hours operating hours
actuation
the lights 10 16 10 16
0 0.08 0.19 0.01 0.05
1 0.62 0.72 0.76 0.79
2 0.66 0.75 0.81 0.83
3 0.69 0.77 0.84 0.87
4 0.73 0.80 0.88 0.89
5 0.75 0.82 0.90 0.91
6 0.78 0.84 0.92 0.93
7 0.80 0.85 0.93 0.94
8 0.82 0.87 0.95 0.95
9 0.84 0.88 0.96 0.96
10 0.85 0.89 0.97 0.97
11 0,32 0.90 0.22 0.98
12 0.29 0.91 0.18 0.98
13 0.26 0.92 0.14 0.98
14 0.23 0.93 0.12 0.99
15 0.21 0.94 0.09 0.99
16 0.19 0.94 0.08 0.99
17 0.17 0.40 0.06 0.24
18 0.15 0.36 0.05 0.20 9
 ASHRAE Thermal Load

Shading coefficients

Shading Coefficients
That Blind Roller blinds
Thickness shadow
Type of glass core internal Medium Light Dark Of course
Single Glass
Normal sheet 3 1.00 0.64 0.55 0.59 0.25
Laminated 6-12 0.95 0,64 0,55 0.59 0.25
Absorber 6 0.70 0.57 0.53 0.40 0.30
10 0.50 0.54 0.52 0.40 0.28
Double sheet
Simple sheet 3 0.90 0.57 0.51 0.60 0.25
Laminated 6 0.83 0.57 0.51 0.60 0.25
Reflective 6 0.2 - 0.4 0.2-0.33

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 ASHRAE Thermal Load

Cooling load factors for glass with internal shading,

Northern Hemisphere

Hour Face at the Window

Solar h N NE L SE S SO O NO Hor.
6 0,73 0,56 0,47 0,30 0,09 0,07 0,06 0,07 0,12
7 0,66 0,76 0,72 0,57 0,16 0,11 0,09 0,11 0,27
8 0,65 0,74 0,80 0,74 0,23 0,14 0,11 0,14 0,44
9 0,73 0,58 0,76 0,81 0,38 0,16 0,13 0,17 0,59
10 0.80 0.37 0.62 0.79 0.58 0.19 0.15 0.19 0.72
11 0,86 0,29 0,41 0,68 0,75 0,22 0,16 0,20 0,81
12 0,89 0,27 0,27 0,49 0,83 0,38 0,17 0,21 0,85
13 0,89 0,26 0,24 0,33 0,80 0,59 0,31 0,22 0,85
14 0,86 0,24 0,22 0,28 0,68 0,75 0,53 0,30 0,81
15 0,82 0,22 0,20 0,25 0,50 0,83 0,72 0,52 0,71
16 0,75 0,20 0,17 0,22 0,35 0,81 0,82 0,73 0,58
17 0,78 0,16 0,14 0,18 0,27 0,69 0,81 0,82 0,42
18 0,91 0,12 0,11 0,13 0,19 0,45 0,61 0,69 0,25

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