Eleventh Five Year Plan

Mid-TerM ApprAisAl

2007-2012

Planning Commission Government of India

Mid-Term Appraisal Eleventh Five Year Plan 20072012

Planning Commission Government of India

1
YMCA Library Building, Jai Singh Road, New Delhi 110 001 Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the Universitys objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries Published in India by Oxford University Press, New Delhi Planning Commission (Government of India) 2011 The moral rights of the author have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) First published 2011 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from Oxford University Press. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer ISBN-13: 978-0-19-807205-8 ISBN-10: 0-19-807205-8

Typeset in Minion Pro 11/13 by Excellent Laser Typesetters, Pitampura, Delhi 110 034 Printed in India at De Unique, New Delhi 110 018 Published by Oxford University Press YMCA Library Building, Jai Singh Road, New Delhi 110 001 On behalf of Planning Commission, Government of India, Yojana Bhawan, Sansad Marg, New Delhi 110 001

Contents

List of Tables List of Figures List of Boxes List of Annexures List of Acronyms

v ix x xiii xv

Part I. Macro Issues

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. An Overview Macroeconomic Framework Governance Agriculture Industry 3 23 46 60 100

Part II. Social Sector

6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. Education Health Social Justice Employment and Skill Development Handloom and Handicrafts Womens Agency and Child Rights Rural Development Special Areas Programmes 119 146 165 203 222 234 251 281

Part III. Infrastructure

14. Investment in Infrastructure 15. Energy 16. Transport 291 304 343

iv Contents

17. Telecommunications 18. Urban Development

369 378

Part IV. Science and Environment

19. 20. 21. 22. Science and Technology Innovation Water Resources Environment and Forests 395 417 426 453

Tables

1.1 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.10 2.11 2.12 3.1 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 4.11

Estimates of Population in Poverty Broad Macroeconomic Parameters for the Indian Economy Investment and Savings by Institutional Classes Inflation Rates across Plan Periods Sectoral Rates of Growth Economic Performance of the States in Growth Rate of Gross State Domestic Product Economic Performance of the States in Agriculture and Allied Sectors Using Three-Year Moving Averages Economic Performance of the States in the Industrial Sector Economic Performance of the States in the Services Sector Eleventh Plan Projection and Realization of Resources of the Centre Realized Financing Pattern of the Plan Outlay of the Centre Eleventh Plan Projection and Realization of Resources of the States and UTs Realized Financing Pattern of the Plan Outlay of the States Devolutions to Panchayati Raj Institutions by States Growth in GDP at Factor Cost, 19992000 Prices Sub-sector-wise Growth Rates of Gross Value of Output in Agriculture and Allied Sectors Gross Capital Formation in Agriculture and Allied Sectors Central Plan Outlay for Agriculture and Allied Sectors The Outlay and Expenditure of Three Departments of the Ministry of Agriculture during the Tenth and Eleventh Plans, including ACA to States Production of Breeder and Foundation Seeds and Distribution of Certified Seeds Net Irrigated Area under Various Sources Share of Expenditure on Agriculture and Allied Sectors by States (excluding UTs) in State Plan Outlays Per Hectare Value of Output from Different Crop Groups, 200708 Plan Allocation and Expenditure under NHM, 200708 to 200910 Physical Achievement of NHM, 200708 to 200910

8 24 26 30 32 34 36 37 38 40 41 43 43 49 60 63 64 65 66 67 69 76 79 80 80

vi Tables

5.1 5.2 5.3 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 10.1 10.2 10.3 11.1 11.2 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 12.6 12.7 12.8 12.9 12.10 12.11 12.12

R&D Expenditure as Percentage of GDP in 2007 Physical Performance of Some Important Mineral-Based Industries Production of Selected Minerals, 200607 to 200809 Public Expenditure on Education Gross Enrolment Ratio by Social Classification for Primary and Upper Primary Classes Trends in Dropout Rates, 200102 to 200708 Dropout Rates in Selected States, 200708 Plan Allocation during the Eleventh Five Year Plan, 200712 Public Expenditure on Health as per cent of GDP Shortfall in Health Infrastructure Human Resources for HealthShortages Immunization Status Department-wise Allocation of Funds and Actual Expenditure Educational Status of Scheduled CastesGains and Gaps Educational Status of Scheduled TribesGains and Gaps Outlay and Expenditure of Scheduled Tribes, Ministry of Tribal Affairs in the Eleventh Plan Outlays and Expenditure during the Eleventh Plan Targets and Achievements Impact of Economic Slowdown on Employment Status Report on Setting up of State Skill Development Missions Status of Updation of NCVT Courses Formal versus Informal Sector Employment Performance of the Handloom and Handicrafts Sector during the Eleventh Five Year Plan Physical Progress made by Various Schemes in the Handloom Sector Physical Progress Made by Various Schemes in the Handicrafts Sector Status of ICDS Status of Important Interventions Overview of MGNREGA Performance, 200610 State-wise MGNREGA Performance, 200809 Coverage of Women under MGNREGA, 200809 Financial and Physical Performance of SGSY, 19992009* Utilization of SGSY Funds across Heads, 19992009 Credit Mobilization and Disbursement under SGSY, 19992009 Financial and Physical Performance of SGSY Programme, Region-wise, 200708 Financial Performance of IAY during the Eleventh Plan Physical Performance of IAY during the Eleventh Plan Physical and Financial Progress of Rural Sanitation in Eleventh Plan Period Sanitation Coverage across States, 2009 NGP Villages with Proportion of People Going for Open Defecation, 6 States, 2008

107 112 112 119 122 122 122 139 147 149 150 152 160 167 174 182 191 193 204 210 211 213 223 227 230 236 242 252 253 255 262 263 264 265 266 266 269 270 270

Tables vii

12.13 12.14 12.15 12.16 12.17 12.18 13.1 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 15.5 15.6 15.7 15.8 15.9 15.10 15.11 15.12 15.13 15.14 15.15 15.16 15.17 15.18 15.19 15.20 15.21 15.22 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 16.6 16.7 16.8

Checklist of Activities in Four Phases of TSC Possible Choice of Technology in Rural Sanitation Checklist of Parameters for a Sustainable Sanitation Village NSAP Physical and Financial Progress in Eleventh Plan Beneficiaries under Annapurna Beneficiaries under NFBS Timing of Funds Release from Centre to State and State to PRIs/ULBs, 200708 Sector-wise Investments: Tenth Plan and Eleventh Plan Revised Projected Investment as Percentage of GDP Revised Projections of Investment in Infrastructure during the Eleventh Plan Projected Investment in Infrastructure during the Twelfth Five Year Plan Status of PPP Projects Production, Consumption, and Import Requirements of Primary Commercial Energy, 201112 Physical Performance of Coal and Lignite Review on the Financial Performance of the Coal Sector Cumulative Generation in 200910 (AprilDecember) Plan-wise Sectoral Share of Capacity Addition Original Targets for Capacity Addition during the Eleventh Plan Revised Targets for Capacity Addition during Eleventh Plan Capacity Addition in Eleventh Plan: Source-wise Anticipated Installed Capacity at the End of Eleventh Plan Plant Load Factor of Generating Stations Targets and Achievements of Transmission Capacity Addition Sub-stations: Achievement of Capacity Addition up to October 2009 Financial Performance of 20 Major States, excluding Delhi and Orissa Status of Implementation of RGGVY Year-wise Targets and Achievements under RGGVY Financial Performance of the Power Sector Physical Performance of the Petroleum and Natural Gas Sector Consumption of Petroleum Products Eleventh Plan Outlay/Expenditure for Petroleum and Natural Gas Sector Under-recoveries on Petroleum Products Oil and Oil Equivalent Gas Produced Abroad by OVL (in MMTOE) Progress of Renewable Energy Programme Contract Awarded under BOT (Toll/Annuity) during the Eleventh Plan Estimated Cost of NHDP Phases Physical Targets and Achievements for NHDP Year-wise Details of Projects under SARDP-NE Phase-A Physical Targets and Achievements Progress under Bharat Nirman Assessment of Capacity Addition by the End of the Eleventh Plan Progress in Efficiency Parameters

272 273 275 275 276 276 283 292 293 294 297 301

304 306 310 312 313 313 313 314 314 315 318 318 320 324 325 327 330 331 331 333 334 336 349 349 349 351 352 352 355 356

viii Tables

17.1 21.1 21.2 21.3 21.4 21.5 21.6 21.7 21.8 21.9 22.1 22.2 22.3 22.4 22.5 22.6 22.7

Achievements of Public and Private Organizations up to December 2009 Indias Water Budget (BCM), 2009 Long Period Averages of Net Area Irrigated by Different Sources, 19502007 Comparative Status of Level of Groundwater Development, 1995 and 2004 Eleventh Plan Target and Achievements in the Irrigation Sector (million ha) Outlays and Allocations during the Eleventh Plan CLA/Grant and Irrigation Potential Created through AIBP, 19962009 Typology of Hydrogeological Settings in IndiaStates and Areas Groundwater Availability, Net Draft, and Level of Development, 2004 Investments in Rural Drinking Water, 19512012 Sector-wise Outlays/Expenditure, 200709 and 200910 Scheme-wise Availability of OutlaysEleventh Plan Externally Aided Schemes, 200708 to 200910 Allocation by the States for the Ecology and Environment Sector Funds Released by the States during the Eleventh Plan for the Forest and Wildlife Sector States/UTs with Independent Departments for Environment Additional Requirement for the Eleventh Plan

371 427 428 428 430 430 431 439 439 443 456 458 459 467 468 469 470

Figures

3.1 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 12.1 12.2 17.1

Overall Devolution Index 5 Year Growth Rates of Food Grains Output 5 Year Growth Rates of Agri-GDP 5 Year Growth Rates of Purchasing Power of Agri-GDP Multiplier-Upscaling SVO Concept Share of States in Rural BPL Households vs Share of States in Man-Days of Work under MGNREGA, 20082009 Rural Sanitation Coverage in India, 19802009 Growth of Telephone Connections during the Eleventh Plan (April 2007December 2009) Risk in Converting an Idea into Business Typology of Hydrogeological Settings in India with State and District Boundaries Sector-wise Outlays Sector-wise Allocation in the MoEF

51 61 62 62 71

254 268

371 421 438 457 457

20.1 21.1 22.1 22.2

Boxes

3.1 3.2 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6

Need for Enactment of a Law Mandating Timely Provision of Basic Services and Punishment for Defaulting Officials Moving from E-Governance 1.0 to E-Governance 2.0 Accelerating Agricultural Growth by Increasing Growth in the Crop Sector: Recommendations Some Findings of Peer Review of C-DAPs Immediate Action Points to Strengthen Food Grain Security Accelerating Agri-Growth through the High-Value Segment Core Activities under NLRMP Four Categories of States Based on Legal Restrictions on Leasing of Land Summary of Recommendations of the Prime Ministers Task Force on Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises Learning Experiences for Achieving Better Outcomes of Cluster Schemes Soft Infrastructure: Counsellors and Industry Associations Some Important Features of the National Mineral Policy, 2008 Elementary Education (EE) Schemes at a Glance Objectives of the Eleventh Plan XIX Commonwealth Games (CWG) 2010 Regional Sports Centre (RSC), Cochin Eleventh Plan Thrust Areas Major Eleventh Five Year Plan Recommendations: Yet to be Implemented The Road Not Taken: Practice in the Hinterlands Redevelopment of Hospitals/Institutions Telemedicine Pilot Projects Upscale Community Monitoring

47 55

73 77 78 83 88 90

103 104 105 111 120 136 137 138 139 151 153 158 161 162 163

Boxes xi

8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 10.1 10.2 10.3 11.1 11.2 11.3 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 15.1 15.2 15.3 16.1 16.2 17.1 17.2

Commitments of the Eleventh Plan Pre-Matric Scholarships for Children of Those Engaged in Unclean Occupations Major Findings of Evaluation Studies Commitments under the Eleventh Plan Objectives of Scheduled Caste Sub-Plan (SCSP) and Tribal Sub-Plan (TSP) Commitments for Persons with Disabilities in the Eleventh Plan Scheme for Prevention of Alcoholism and Substance (Drugs) Abuse Eleventh Plan at a Glance Research Studies Monitoring and Evaluation of Development Schemes including Publicity Core Principles: Prime Ministers National Council NSDCB: Main Functions National Skill Development System in India ITIs/ITCs in the Country Skill Development Initiative Scheme (SDIS) The Unorganized Workers Social Security Act, 2008 ILO Conventions and Recommendations on Safety and Health Standard Eleventh Plan at a Glance Varanasi: Integrated Handloom Cluster Scheme Commonwealth Crafts Connection The Eleventh Plan at a Glance: Towards Womens Agency and Child Rights Eleventh Plan Initiatives by Ministries towards Creating Womens Agency Recommendations for Other Ministries Andhra Pradesh Software Allows MGNREGA Payments within a Week Social Audit in Andhra Pradesh: A Success Story Banking Correspondents and the UID Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) in Haryana: A Success Story Case Study of Gramalaya Structuring PPP Projects Model Concession Agreements for PPP Projects Reports Some Illustrative PPP Projects Best Practices Adopted by Various Utilities in the Distribution Sector Impact of RGGVY National Solar Mission Comparative Assessment of Indian Railways and Chinese Railways Some Major Developments in Civil Aviation Sector Eleventh Plan Targets and Achievements in Telecom Sector Targets for the Eleventh Plan

166 168 173 180 185 189 192 197 206 207 209 211 213 215 216 224 226 232 235 243 245 256 258 259 269 273 298 299 300 302 322 325 337 346 360 370 372

xii Boxes

17.3 17.4 17.5 17.6 18.1 20.1 20.2 20.3 21.1 22.1 22.2 22.3 22.4

Key Achievements Status of Major Schemes under NeGP Major Achievements of DoP during the Eleventh Plan Important DoP Policy Issues during the Eleventh Plan Some Principles for Urban Change Management Frugal Innovation Innovation in Government Innovation Fund Success Story of PIM Policy Developments and New Initiatives during 200710 Actions Required for Compliance of Some International Agreements Environmental Performance Index (PC-EPI) Suggestions/Concerns

373 374 375 376 388 419 419 423 434 455 466 467 473

Annexures

4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 5.1 5.2 8.1 8.2 8.3 9.1 11.1 11.2 12.1 12.2 12.3 14.1 15.1 15.2

Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana and Plan Expenditure on Agriculture and Allied Sectors by States/UTs Progress of Expenditure under Three Major Programmes of Department of Agriculture and Cooperation (DAC) Consumption, Production, and Imports of Fertilizers, 200203 to 200809 Central Subsidy on Fertilizer Status of C-DAP in Different States Progress of Peer Review of C-DAPs by AERUs and AERCs Gross Budgetary Support and Expenditure during the Eleventh Plan Gross Budgetary Support and Expenditure during the Eleventh Plan, Ministry of Mines Ministry of Social Justice and EmpowermentBackward Classes Sector (SCs & OBCs) and Social Welfare Sector (SW) Scheme-wise Financial Outlays and Expenditure Ministry of Tribal AffairsPlan Outlays and Expenditure Ministry of Minority AffairsPlan Outlays and Expenditure Plan Provision and Expenditure Ministry of Women and Child Development Mid-Term Review of Schemes in the Eleventh PlanFinancial Statement Ministry of Women and Child Development Physical Performance Coverage under IGNOAPS Amount of Pension Paid per Month National Family Benefit Scheme (NFBS) Assumptions Underlying the Revised Investment Forecast Company-wise Coal ProductionMTA of the Eleventh Plan (Coal Sector) Sectoral Coal Demand/Off-takeMTA of the Eleventh Plan (Coal Sector)

94 96 97 97 97 98 116 116

199 201 202 221

248 250 278 279 280 303 339 340

xiv Annexures

15.3 15.4 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 16.6 16.7 19.1 19.2

Company-wise/Scheme-wise Outlay/ExpenditureMTA of the Eleventh Plan (Coal Sector) Details of Financial Performance of 20 Major States Physical Performance of Ministry of Railways during the First Three Years of Eleventh Plan Overall NHDP Status at a Glance Physical Targets and Achievements of Non-NHDP Sections of NHs during the Eleventh Plan Bharat Nirman Physical Achievements in Years 200509 up to 31 August 2009: New Connectivity Habitations Eleventh PlanPhysical Targets and Achievements for Major Ports Eleventh PlanPort-wise Capacity Physical Performance of NACIL during the First Three Years of the Eleventh Plan Eleventh Five Year Plan EmphasisSignificant Initiatives/Contributions (Illustrative) Financial Performance of Science and Technology Sector at the Mid-Term Stage of Eleventh Five Year Plan

341 342

366 366 366 367 368 368 368 413 416

Acronyms

AAI ACA ACMA

ADB ADRTC ADS AERC AERU AGILE

AHWR AIC AICOPTAX AICTE AIE AIIMS AIMMP ALICE ALSAT ANM

Airports Authority of India Additional Central Assistance Automotive Component Manufacturers Association of India Asian Development Bank Agricultural Development and Rural Transformation Centre Accelerator Driven Systems Agro Economic Research Centre Agro Economic Research Unit Association of Geographic Information Laboratories for Europe Advanced Heavy Water Reactor Agriculture Insurance Company of India All India Coordinated Plan for Taxonomy All India Council for Technical Education Alternative and Innovative Education All India Institute of Medical Sciences Area Intensive and Madarsa Modernization Programme A Large Ion Collider Experiment Algerian Satellite Auxiliary Nurse Midwife

ANUSAT AORC APDP APDRP APMC APSSAT ASC ASHA ASHWAS ASI ASTROSAT ATCM ATI AVI AWS AYUSH

BARC BARCOM BBIL BC BDO

Anna University Satellite Assured Opportunity for Research Careers Accelerated Power Development Programme Accelerated Power Development and Reform Programme Agricultural Produce Marketing Committee Andhra Pradesh Society for Social Audit and Transparency Academic Staff College Accredited Social Health Activist A Survey of Household Water and Sanitation Archaeological Survey of India Astronomy Satellite Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting Advanced Training Institute Accredited Vocational Institute Automatic Weather Station Department of Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy Bhabha Atomic Research Centre BARC Containment Model Bharat Biotech International Limited Banking Correspondent Block Development Officer

xvi Acronyms

BE BHU BIPP BMTPC BOSS BOT BOYSCAST

BPL BRGF BSNL BU CAC CAG CAIPEEX

CAL CAPART

CBRI CBSE CCDU CCMB CCRF C-DAP CDB CDM CEL CEP CERN CHC CICT

Budget Estimate Banaras Hindu University Biotechnology Industry Partnership Programme Building Materials and Technology Promotion Council Bharatiya Operating System Software Build-Operate-Transfer Better Opportunities for Young Scientists in Chosen Areas of Science and Technology Below Poverty Line Backward Regions Grant Fund Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited Billion Units Central Apprenticeship Council Comptroller and Auditor General Cloud Aerosol Interaction and Precipitation Enhancement Experiment Computer Aided Learning Council for Advancement of Peoples Action and Rural Technology Central Building Research Institute Central Board of Secondary Education Communication and Capacity Development Unit Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries Comprehensive District Agriculture Plan Coconut Develoment Board Clean Development Mechanism Central Electronics Limited Continuing Education Programme European Organization for Nuclear Research Community Health Centre Central Institute of Classical Tamil

CII CITES

CKMNT

CLTS CMC CMS CoE CPI CPSU CPWD CRV C-SAP CSC CSIR CSO CSS CTE CTSA CW CWC CYP DAC DAE DAHDF

DARE DAVP DBT DBT-ICRISAT

Confederation of Indian Industry Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora Centre for Knowledge Management of Nano Science and Technology Community-Led Total Sanitation Christian Medical College Centralized Monitoring System Centre of Excellence Consumer Price Index Central Public Sector Undertaking Central Public Works Department Coastal Research Vessel Comprehensive State Agriculture Plan Common Service Centre Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Central Statistical Organisation Centrally Sponsored Scheme College of Teacher Education Central Tibetan School Administration Civil Works Central Water Commission Commonwealth Youth Programme Department of Agriculture and Cooperation Department of Atomic Energy Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries Department of Agricultural Research and Education Directorate of Advertising and Visual Publicity Department of Biotechnology Department of BiotechnologyInternational Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics

Acronyms xvii

DDWS DEC DFID DGE&T DGH DGMS DIET DIT DLM DoHE DOS DPEP DPR DPSSL DRC DRDA DRI DSIR DST DWDM EAD EAP EBB ECA ECCE EDI EE EEZ EGA EGS EMR ENVIS EPF

Department of Drinking Water Supply Distance Education Council Department of International Development Director General of Employment and Training Directorate General of Hydrocarbons Directorate General of Mines Safety District Institute of Education and Training Department of Information Technology District Level Monitor Department of Higher Education Department of Space District Primary Education Programme Detailed Project Report Diode-Pumped Solid-State Laser District Resource Centre District Rural Development Agency Differential Rate of Interest Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Department of Science and Technology Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing Elite Athletes with Disability Externally Aided Project Educationally Backward Block Essential Commodities Act Early Childhood Care Education Electronic Data Interchange Elementary Education Exclusive Economic Zone Employment Guarantee Assistant Education Guarantee Scheme Extra Mural Research Environmental Information System Employees Provident Fund

ERM ESCO ESIC EU FAA FAD FAIR FCR FDI FICCI FII FIR FIST

FORV GAGAN GAP GATE GBS GCF GDP GEO GER GIS GoI GP GPS GSAT GSDP GSLV GSM HAP HIV/AIDS

HP

Extension, Renovation, Modernization Energy Service Company Employees State Insurance Corporation European Union First Appellate Authority Fish Aggregating Device Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research Feed Conversion Ratio Foreign Direct Investment Federation of Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industries Foreign Institutional Investor First Information Report Fund for Improvement of S&T Infrastructure in Universities and Higher Educational Institutes Fishery and Oceanographic Research Vessel GEO and GPS Augmented Navigation System Good Agricultural Practices Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering Gross Budgetary Support Gross Capital Formation Gross Domestic Product Global Earth Observation Gross Enrolment Ratio Geographical Information System Government of India Gram Panchayat Global Positioning System Geosynchronus Satellite Gross State Domestic Product Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Global System for Mobile Communication Hazardous Air Pollutant Human Immunodeficiency Virus/ Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Himachal Pradesh

xviii Acronyms

HPCS HSP HUDCO HYV IAY ICAR ICDS ICGC ICGEB ICT ICTS IDMI IDS IEBR IEC IEDC IEG IERMON IGCAR IGNCA IGNDPS IGNOAPS IGNWPS IGVdb IHHL IIIT

High Performance Computing System Human Spaceflight Programme Housing and Urban Development Corporation Ltd High Yielding Variety Indira Awaas Yojana Indian Council of Agriculture Research Integrated Child Development Services International Cancer Genome Consortium International Centre for Genetic Enigineering and Biotechnology Information and Communications Technology International Centre for The