face recognition

At the beginning of biometric identification, biometric systems such

as fingerprint identification and then iris identification are widely
used, but these are measures that require the cooperation and
knowledge of the identifier.

The need for face recognition systems was born out of the need for
biometric identification without the knowledge of the person
identified by law enforcement agencies around the world.

Along the way, facial recognition means have become a biometric

means of identification for the masses that does not require the
identified attention but performs the identification and discovery
casually and sometimes without the knowledge of the subject.
How a face recognition system works:

Facial recognition systems are usually computer-based applications

that are able to identify and verify a person's identity autonomously
based on an image of that person pre-entered into the system.

After entering an image into the system and purchasing (usually

done by taking a SNAP SHOT from a video stream on a high-quality
CCTV camera) the images of the people we want to compare and
identify, there are several methods for detecting and identifying the
target.

Most facial recognition system applications use technologies that

compare the features of the facial features acquired by the system
to those in the database (and entered there as mentioned in
advance).

Facial character detection and recognition systems use a very wide

range of algorithms and identification methods:

Two-dimensional facial recognition - In algorithms of this type,

features that do not participate in the identification process will be
eliminated. The algorithm will try to check the relative size and
position (inside of the person being tested) of the eyes, or the
distance between the ears or a combination of several
measurements.

These measurements will then be compared as DATA and not as

images for measurements made in advance on the existing
database and thus the identification or denial of identification will be
performed.

Skin texture analysis - This method that tests and compares the
texture of the skin is a method that is attached to an existing test as
a means of assistance usually and is not performed for identification
purposes alone.

In fact this technology is a "booster" of capabilities which helps

other techniques to achieve better and more accurate results

3D Face Detection - Algorithms of this type use several 3D sensors

to make the target acquisition and collect data such as face size,
eye size and other organs and then as in other methods compare
the measurements to those made on the stock images. This
technique is relatively new and proven to achieve a higher level of
accuracy than other two-dimensional methods.

Products that use face recognition are found almost everywhere in

the security world, from mass identification at the airport, for
sought-after identification among large crowds, to the use of
standard access control that replaces traditional (RFID-based)
access control.

A facial recognition system is a computer application that is able to

identify or verify a person's identity automatically, based on a digital photo
or video source. One way to do this is by comparing the features of the facial
features in the image to the images in the database.

Front view of a surveillance camera with an infrared flashlight connected to a face

recognition system. The light is invisible to the eye, and provides a bright
environment around the clock for surveillance cameras.

Side view

Table of Contents
Useediting
Today, facial recognition systems are mainly used in security systems, and
are often combined with other biometric recognition systems such
as fingerprint recognition and iris recognition .
Civilian systems also use systems: a fast food chain uses identification
systems when ordering products, at a youth camp in Arizona the system
automatically sends parents pictures of their child spending time and at a
hospital in Colorado the identification system verifies the identity of the
patient receiving treatment [1] .
Techniquesediting
Identify two-dimensional facial featuresediting
Some algorithms identify facial features by eliminating various features that
are irrelevant for identification purposes. For example, an algorithm may
analyze the relative position, size, and shape of a person's eyes, nose,
cheekbones, and jaw. These features are then used to locate other images
that have compatible features. Other algorithms normalize the entire
database containing the facial images, then compress the existing data and
only the data necessary for the identification of the facial features are
saved. Only then is the comparison made between the image taken and the
database of facial features.

Identify three-dimensional facial featuresediting

Three-dimensional facial recognition is another innovative technique that has
proven in the past that it can achieve a higher level of accuracy. This
technique uses three-dimensional sensors to collect data on a person's face
shape. This information is then used to identify unique features on the face
area such as eye size, nose and chin. [2]
One of the advantages of identifying three-dimensional facial features is that
this technique is not affected by changes in lighting similar to the other
techniques. It can also detect faces from a variety of angles including from
the side (profile).

Skin texture analysisediting

Another modern technique uses visual details on the skin, which are
collected into the database from digital photographs or scanned images. This
technique turns the unique lines, patterns as well as spots that appear on
the skin into additional information which helps to identify the person.

Various experiments have shown that skin texture analysis techniques are
capable of increasing the effectiveness of facial features recognition systems
by 20 to 25 percent. [2]
Reviewediting
Weaknessesediting
Face recognition systems are not perfect and they have a hard time
producing good results under certain conditions. Many facial recognition
systems work more effectively when they process images of people taken in
front compared to pictures taken in profile.

Other cases where the systems do not work well include poor lighting, when
the person is wearing sunglasses, when the person has long hair, when other
objects partially cover his face and when the images are at low resolution.

Another significant disadvantage is that the effectiveness of many facial

recognition systems is much lower if the image contains some facial
expression . Even if the person smiled in the picture, the identification will be
lost from efficiency.
Effectivenessediting
Critics of the technology complain that the facial recognition system installed
in London's Newhams district , as of 2004, did not identify any criminals even
though a number of criminals registered in the database live in the borough
and have operated in this area for several years in a row. [3] [4]
An experiment conducted by local police in Tampa , Florida, also yielded
disappointing results. [4]
Also, a facial recognition system designed to detect potential terrorists at
major airports failed during the premiere experiment conducted at Logan
Airport in Boston . [5]
During the 2018 World Cup, the authorities activated the FindFace system
to identify suspects.
In 2019, the most comprehensive study to date on the effectiveness of facial
recognition character systems was published, showing that these systems
have difficulty presenting good results for women and for
non- white populations . [6]
Invasion of privacyediting
Despite the potential benefits of this technology, many people are concerned
about invading their privacy. Many people fear that this technology will lead
to the whole society being under constant surveillance when the government
and the authorities will be able to know where each person is and what he is
doing at all times. History proves that different countries have abused this
type of technology in the past. [7]
An example of massive use of facial recognition technology can be found
in China , due to centralized rule, there are almost no restrictions on invasion
of privacy. [8]
legislationediting
Following the criticism and public concerns against the technology, various
governments around the world are considering limiting the permitted use of
the technology.

In the United States, legislation on the subject has not been

promoted federally , but a number of local authorities - as of 2020 these
are San Francisco , Auckland and Boston - have imposed restrictions
preventing the use of facial recognition information by the police. In
September 2020, Portland enacted a much stricter law that completely
prohibits the use of facial recognition technology in public space, and in
addition prohibits companies and government officials from using facial
recognition information collected in public areas even before the law is
enacted. [9]
Even in the EU considering setting limits on technology, but as of January
2020 has not been promoted yet specific legislation. [10]
REAL FACE RECOGNITION SYSTEM
A face recognition system suitable for integrating access control and attendance reporting.
A powerful system that works even in limited lighting conditions. Provides a high level of
security, control and supervision while saving expenses.
The innovative and safe way to maintain the integrity of the expensive equipment and
information as well as the personal safety of workers and visitors in the work areas.
A powerful system that receives about 400 recognizable faces, 2,000 fingerprints and 10,000
proximity cards. The facial recognition system scans the facial structure of the employee using
an infrared camera. The scan is done by measuring the distance between the eyes, nose, mouth,
and jaw edges. This structure is stored in a secure database for future identification.
The sophisticated system is integrated with biometric identification and operates even in low
lighting conditions and can be combined with all other means of identification including
fingerprint, biometric identification, password, proximity cards and more. The system is
connected to dynamic and advanced command and control software that creates a new reality of
security and safety in the organization and provides a perfect solution for remote control, parking
lots, secluded areas within the organization area and more.
As with all means of identification, a face recognition system enables efficient connection
between access control and attendance reporting in one simple and user-friendly interface. The
system detects first entry and last exit and sends the report directly to the payroll calculation
systems. In doing so, it provides the organization with a high level of security while significantly
saving both defense expenses and human resource management expenses in the business. One
solution is comprehensive, advanced, efficient and cost-effective under one roof.

A "REAL-TIME" ATTENDANCE CLOCK

APP FOR MANAGING EMPLOYEES
REMOTELY WITH PEACE OF MIND
Real-time with an attendance app that is the smart, cost-
effective and advanced solution for managing employee
attendance from home and the field. For complete
remote control and monitoring. For smart, friendly and
cost-effective attendance management.
Many workplaces still allow for work from home, many
organizations maintain field personnel, sales agents and
drivers and also real-time office workers provide an
accurate and efficient attendance solution, smart and
advanced, simple and user-friendly. No use of hardware
and no need to install an attendance clock, chips or
cards.
The application is installed on the smartphone of each
and every employee and provides an option to view
attendance reports in real time and from anywhere,
including an exact location and sending reports online.
Through a friendly and easy-to-operate interface, the
managers in the organization can be updated at any
given moment on the employees' situation in real time,
as well as receive detailed reports according to selected
and customized parameters and analysis of employee
attendance and data-based decisions.
The app perfectly interfaces with all attendance and
payroll systems for human resource management in an
efficient, accurate, cost-effective and protected manner
against all regulations of the law.
The interface allows you to manage absence requests,
approve vacations, update sick days and upload forms
and approvals. It also provides employees with direct
communication with managers, options for updating and
changes, and transparent conduct that establishes trust
and improves productivity.
Field workers are given a unique application for updating
work execution, for full control and monitoring of the
work remotely.
EFFICIENT AND COST-EFFECTIVE ATTENDANCE
MANAGEMENT WITHOUT THE USE OF HARDWARE AND
WITHOUT THE NEED TO INSTALL A CLOCK.
1. The most advanced presence reporting and
management software on the market.
2. Report employee attendance from anywhere including
exact location.
3. View attendance reports anytime, anywhere.
4. Immediate update in the presence system for an up-to-
date employee status picture in real time.
5. Management of vacation and absence certificates in an
efficient and controlled manner.
6. Control of attendance reports and automatic alerts
against anomalies.
7. Savings in human capital management resources.
8. Full interface to the attendance system and the salary
calculation system.
9. Full control and supervision of managers while
significantly saving time and resources.
Remote attendance reporting means have become one of
the burning needs in today's job market and a sought
after tool in the world of attendance management in
organizations and businesses. The "Real Time"
attendance clock application provides the
organization with a variety of applications and
options that give it high control and monitoring
capabilities while saving a lot of resources, money
and time.
The "Real Time" Attendance Clock app allows
employees to update attendance and perform tasks from
anywhere at any time and provides managers with real-
time updates and status.
The application interfaces with the RealBoard advanced
presence system from real-time home for efficient, cost-
effective and controlled management of employees from
the office, in the field or from home.
Advanced technology that produces direct contact
between employees and the organization, high
transparency between the various factors, through
efficient and documented messaging for productive,
positive and cost-effective management of the human
resource in the organization.
The interface allows managers to generate reports for
each and every employee and for any period of time,
approve leave requests, receive absences, automatically
update on exceptions and special events and manage
employee attendance quietly from office or remotely.
Each employee can log in at any time and be updated on
their attendance reports, view their personal payroll
calculations and monthly pay slips, apply for leave or
absence certificates and more.
In addition, the attendance app interfaces with
the payroll management software for automatic,
accurate and efficient calculation of employees' salaries
and in accordance with contracts and agreements, rights,
provisions and deductions, legislation and
arrangements. The organization saves on attendance
management resources and payroll calculations,
managers are updated online on employee status and
status, as well as future absences and deductions to
better plan employee status and current and future
resources available to them.
 What can you do with the Attendance
Clock app?
Attendance reporting from anywhere
including exact location
Immediate and automatic update of the
attendance system
Sending requests to the manager for leave /
illness
View attendance reports
 ADDITIONAL BENEFITS OF THE
ATTENDANCE CLOCK APP
Entry control system from a real security
house
Access control is your way of maintaining
the integrity of valuable equipment,
protecting sensitive information and
ensuring the personal safety of those
staying in your area. This is exactly why
"True Security" has developed a unique and
reliable solution for arranging entry, which
ensures maximum security in every
business, institution and organization
through a combination of advanced
hardware and software.

The flexibility of the "True Security" access

control system allows it to adapt itself to
the specific needs of each organization or
business. Whether it is a small organization
or a large company with remote branches,
we will set up a system that will provide full
control over the entrance to the offices /
workplace at any relevant site / building
and for all relevant populations: permanent
employees, contractor workers, guests, etc.
Along with hardware that meets the highest
standards in the world (including end units,
controllers, intercom systems, etc.), the
"True Security" control system provides
advanced software that provides a perfect
solution for controlling and controlling
entrances to buildings, remote sites,
parking lots and of course secluded areas.

Moreover, it makes it easy to manage

important areas such as granting
permissions (according to companies,
departments and employees - including
online configuration), entering external
visitors, setting up and receiving alerts, and
the like.
Part of the system of attendance and
payroll accounting
Access control systems (proximity,
fingerprint, biometric, etc.) from True
Security provide an optimal security
envelope for employees, assets and
information of the business, and last but not
least, it is part of its attendance and payroll
system.

An advanced access control system that

interfaces and synchronizes with other
information and management systems in
the business is a tool that allows optimal
and efficient management at additional
levels beyond the access control itself
('real-time' solutions that interface for real
security).

All security and management solutions from

one platform
As mentioned, the 'True Security' access
control system integrates and interfaces
with a variety of other security and
management measures. The era in which
every business has a number of platforms
that are difficult to communicate with is
over.
The 'True Security' control system is
controlled from a platform through which
the control and monitoring of alarm and fire
detection systems, cyber systems, and the
most advanced presence management
systems on the market are conducted, thus
giving the customer a comprehensive, cost-
effective, efficient and easy-to-operate
solution.

ADVANCED COMMAND AND

CONTROL SYSTEM
A real-time return system is a powerful system with advanced technology that enables full
control of the entire security and safety system and the display of data in real time.
The real-time command and control system provides a user-friendly interface, flexible and
dynamic and tailored to the needs of the organization. The system enables sophisticated and
multi-parameter monitoring through a combination of closed-circuit cameras, licensed
management and according to schedules, management of various access restriction areas in the
various work complexes and accurate location of online and real-time traffic.

A SOPHISTICATED SYSTEM FOR

COMPLETE AND EFFICIENT
COMMAND AND CONTROL IN THE
ORGANIZATION
Real-time provides a system for complete, reliable and efficient control and monitoring, for the
protection of workers, equipment and inventory, compartmentalization and work complexes. The
system provides reports according to selected parameters and for selected time periods in a
modular, flexible and efficient manner and enables data-based management and a secure work
area.
The command and control system provides protection around the clock in the protection of
employees, equipment and compartmentalization during the working day and in the protection
against external factors during working hours and outside of them. In a friendly interface you can
get real-time alerts for traffic, burglary, fire and smoke, opening doors and custom events as well
as reports, summaries and analyzes.
A real-time return system helps you maintain and protect the workplace, the most valuable
resources in the organization and regular, safe and secure work and full control over what is done
in all work areas. A flexible and modular software system that allows us to adapt it to each
organization personally Its, from the control and monitoring functions to the characterization of
the reports and alerts.
The system is able to easily interface with real-time attendance and payroll systems for
efficient, cost-effective and accurate management of the human resource in the organization
under one roof.
ENTRY CONTROL SYSTEM FROM A
REAL SECURITY HOUSE
Access control is your way of maintaining the integrity of valuable equipment, protecting
sensitive information and ensuring the personal safety of those staying in your area. This is
exactly why "True Security" has developed a unique and reliable solution for arranging entry,
which ensures maximum security in every business, institution and organization through a
combination of advanced hardware and software.
The flexibility of the "True Security" access control system allows it to adapt itself to the specific
needs of each organization or business. Whether it is a small organization or a large company
with remote branches, we will set up a system that will provide full control over the entrance to
the offices / workplace at any relevant site / building and for all relevant populations: permanent
employees, contractor workers, guests, etc.
Along with hardware that meets the highest standards in the world (including end units,
controllers, intercom systems, etc.), the "True Security" control system provides advanced
software that provides a perfect solution for controlling and controlling entrances to buildings,
remote sites, parking lots and of course secluded areas.
Moreover, it makes it easy to manage important areas such as granting permissions (according to
companies, departments and employees - including in the online configuration), entering external
visitors, setting up and receiving alerts, and the like.

PART OF THE SYSTEM OF ATTENDANCE AND

PAYROLL ACCOUNTING
Access control systems (proximity, fingerprint, biometric, etc.) from True Security provide an
optimal security envelope for employees, assets and information of the business, and last but not
least, it is part of its attendance and payroll system.
An advanced access control system that interfaces and synchronizes with other information and
management systems in the business is a tool that allows optimal and efficient management at
additional levels beyond the access control itself ('real-time' solutions that interface for real
security).
ALL SECURITY AND MANAGEMENT SOLUTIONS
FROM ONE PLATFORM
As mentioned, the 'True Security' access control system integrates and interfaces with a
variety of other security and management measures. The era in which every business
has a number of platforms that are difficult to communicate with is over.
The 'True Security' control system is controlled from a platform through which the
control and monitoring of alarm and fire detection systems, cyber systems , and the
most advanced presence management systems on the market are conducted ,
thus giving the customer a comprehensive, cost-effective, efficient and easy-to-operate
solution.

Facial recognition systems

already know our political
position
A new study has harnessed facial recognition systems in favor of identifying
the political position of those photographed and the results are surprising in
the portrait, with a recognition ability of 72%. The implications of such
capabilities join a host of other dubious uses made of technology and should
be of great concern to anyone whose image can be found online
Omar Kabir14:1501/27/21
Tags:

 face recognition
 securing
 Monitoring
Face recognition systems are one of the most problematic technologies that have
entered our lives in recent years. One of their known problems is the inaccuracy
in facial recognition of dark-skinned minorities. Just recently, a horrific case was
reported in the U.S. of a man from New Jersey who was detained for 10 days
and had to fight for a year for his innocence, investing all his savings in it, after a
local police force facial recognition system determined he was suspected of an
incident involving a car accident With a police car.Only an alibi is shown and
difficult to appeal, along with a refusal to surrender to dubious plea bargains,
prevented him from being sent to a longer prison term.

But serious as they may be, such problems are part of the birth defects of these
systems that will be repaired over time. Eventually facial recognition systems will
be accurate enough to properly differentiate between humans regardless of their
skin tone or gender, and then the really serious problems will begin. The real
problem with facial recognition systems is not when they are not functioning
properly, but rather because they work excellently and provide a great deal of
information to powerful parties.

face
recognitionPhoto: Shatterstock

When there are face recognition systems with high enough accuracy rates, they
can be abused in a variety of scary ways. China, a global pioneer in surveillance
and control technologies, makes extensive use of these systems in its efforts to
create a modern police state in the spirit of George Orwell, and operates it in a
variety of ways, from monitoring and monitoring Uighur populations to changing
 civilian behavior in the form of giant screens. Crossings and shamefully display
the citizens who crossed at a red light.

In countries with undermined democracies, including Israel, there is a fear that

face-recognition systems will be used problematically, such as identifying
participants in broad-based protests and persecuting them through law
enforcement. No scenario is unfounded, given that network activists are using
facial recognition technology today to identify the rioters who broke into
the Capitol in Washington earlier this month and bring them to justice (of course
there is a difference between private citizens without enforcement power using
technology as an aid and a country indiscriminately using it as a key tool). ).

Equally worrying scenarios arise from uses of such systems by private

entities. Today, for example, many supermarkets are networked with security
cameras. Theoretically, supermarket chains can use face recognition systems to
identify customers who visit the supermarket, analyze their behavior during the
visit - what products they were debating, what they bought without hesitation,
what they put in the cart but then regretted and returned to the shelf, etc. - then
create Segmented experience through customized promotions, transferring
information to different brands and more.

The technologies that make this possible are becoming more and more
accessible, and their capabilities are becoming more and more diverse and their
level of accuracy is constantly rising, resulting in possible usage scenarios as
well. And a study published this month in the scientific journal SceintificReports,
from Nature Research provides the basis for one of the most troubling scenarios
that facial recognition systems allow: the ability to detect people's political
leanings based solely on their faces, at extremely high accuracy rates.

The study, led by Professor Michal Kosinski, an expert in organizational behavior

at Stanford University, argues that existing systems can detect, based on face-to-
face only, whether a person is 72% liberal or conservative - far superior to other
measures such as a 100-question personality questionnaire. -66% accuracy.

The study is based on about 1.1 million natural facial images of surfers from the
US, UK and Canada collected from the dating site and Facebook. 978,000
images collected from the dating site were passed on to researchers by the site
"Because people prefer partners with a similar political leaning, there is little
incentive to misrepresent it on a dating site," the study said. For use in their
details and image in scientific studies.The political leaning was also identified
here on the basis of the surfers' statements.347,000 of the images were of non-
white surfers, and the segmentation on the liberal-conservative spectrum was
balanced.

In order to reduce the effect of background factors that would interfere with
identification, the images were cropped so that only the face was left with a
computerized description of 2,048 different variables, each of which defines a
different feature (face descriptors). "Most often, similarities between outlines are
used to identify those that are similar enough to represent that person's face.
Here, to identify an individual's political leanings, the outlines were compared to
average outlines of liberals versus conservatives," the study said.

Kosinski did not create a new system for the purpose of the study, but relied on
systems that are currently on the market. "Because we wanted to examine
existing threats to our privacy, instead of developing new invasive-privacy tools,
we used an open-source facial recognition algorithm, instead of developing a
unique algorithm for identifying a political leaning."
 Citize
n monitoringPhoto: Shatterstock

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The results are frightening: 72% accuracy in photos from the dating site, 73%
accuracy in photos from Facebook. For comparison, human accuracy (in this
study - students who were asked to view hundreds of images and assess the
political leaning of the subject) was only slightly higher than a random guess and
stood at 55%. However, there are some clear characteristics for political
identification. Older white men are most often conservative. When variables such
as origin, age and gender were added, the level of accuracy decreased, but only
by 3.5% on average. "This indicates that faces contain much more signals of
political inclination," it read.
 The growing awareness of online privacy is leading many users to reduce their
online exposure and beware of sharing personal information on public
networks. But a face image is universal. It is a detail that there is almost no
person who does not actually share it, there is a reasonable chance that among
Internet users in the West there is only one person whose face image does not
exist online in any format.

Previous studies have shown in the past that facial images can be used to
identify not only physical variables like age, origin and gender but also internal
variables like sexual orientation, various personality traits. Now, a political
leaning also joins the list. And the consequences here are not simple.

In political campaigns, for example, identifying the political leanings of the target
audience can be a significant tool in targeting efforts. If a party running in an
election knows exactly which side of the political map users are leaning to, it can
show them advertisements accordingly: messages that will persuade them to
vote for those on its side, and messages that will convince them to abstain from
voting for those on the other side of the map.

In undemocratic regimes or countries with unstable democracy the systems can

mark possible political opponents even if they have never participated in a
demonstration or written against the party or ruler, just based on their face
photos collected from a camera placed on the street or social network, then put
under increased surveillance Or impose various restrictions on them that will
make their lives difficult. On the other hand, benefits can be provided to those
identified as potential supporters in order to strengthen their support.
 Secu
rity camera surveillancePhoto: Shatterstock

The possibilities for using facial recognition technologies are limited only by the
imagination and morals of those in power. And in many cases, the imagination
will be broad and distorted and the symbolic morality will disappear as non-
existent. The frightening reality is that it will be very difficult to stop these uses of
technology. Few governments, certainly authoritarian ones, will voluntarily
impose restrictions on technologies that amplify their power. The use of an open
source tool that does not require significant investment eliminates the possibility
that Western democracies, which serve as the home of most technology
companies, could restrict the distribution of that tool through corporate regulation
- anyone who wants to create a system similar to malicious use can and should
not. them. The same is true of political parties in democracies, which can create
such systems with limited resources and use them without the knowledge of the
factors that oversee the elections.