INDEX

PAGE.

UNIT I.SYSTEMS DE UNITS

2

UNIT II. VECTORS

3

UNIT III. STATICS.

4

UNIT IV. KINEMATICS.

10

UNIT V.DYNAMIC DE ONE PARTICLE.

32

UNIT VI.WORK Y ENERGY.

48

UNIT VII. DYNAMICS DE UN SYSTEM DE PARTICLES.

61

UNIT VIII. DYNAMICS DE UN BODY RIGID.

66

1
UNIT MOVEMENT OSCILLATORY.
67

UNIT X.GRAVITATION UNIVERSAL.

69

UNIT I SYSTEM OF UNITS

1.-Mention 4 derived units of the international system.

Meter, gram, second, ampere.
The Earth is approximately a sphere with a radius6.37 times 10 to the power of 6m
a) What is its circumference in kilometers?
b) What is its area in square kilometers?
c) What is its volume in cubic kilometers?

a) 2πr = 2π(6.37 times 10 to the power of 6)m

=40.02 x 10^3km
b)4πr2= 4π(6.37 x 10^6)2
=509.9x106km2
c) 43πr2= 43π(6.37x10^6)2
=1082.69 x 10^9 km³

2.- Antarctica has an almost semicircular shape with a radius of 200.

kilometers, the average thickness of the layer of ice that covers it is
3000m how many cubic centimeters of ice does Antarctica contain?
(disregard the curvature of the earth)

200km radius 200km = 2000 × 10^3 m

2
 2×10^6 m

AVERAGE VOLUME CIRCLE

π r2 ×3000 2 = 4 π × 1012 ×30002 = 18.84 × 1015 m3

13m3 = 1003cm3 18.84 ×1015cm3×106cm3m3

1 m3 = 106 cm3 18.84 × 10^21 cm3

UNIT II VECTORS

1.- Obtain the dot product, the cross product, and the angle between the vectors
A=3i+8j B=4i+3k
A(3i+8j+0k) B(4i+0j+3k)
AXB=(3i+8j+0k) x (4i+0j+3k) = 12
A x B = ABcosα
α = cos-1ABAB= cos-1128.54(5)=73.67º
AxB=ijk380403= i(24)-j(9)+k(-32)= 24i-9j-32k

A vector A) with a magnitude of 12 units and another B) with 5.8 point in

directions with a difference of 58° find the scalar point of the
vectors

a·b = a·b.cosθ = (12)(5.8)(cos 55°) = 39.9209 u

3.-Calcular el ángulo entre los vectores a) 3i+3j+3k b) 2i+j+3k

a·b = (3i · 2i) + (3j · j) + (3k · 3k) = 6i + 3j + 9k = 18

a = (ai^2 + aj^2 + ak^2)^(1/2) = 5.19

b = (bi^2 + bj^+ bk^2)^1/2 = 3.74

ab=19.41
__
a·b 18.
θ=cos-1 a b = 19.41 =23.07°

3
4.- Two vectors R and Z are in the plane with magnitudes 4.5 and 7.3 u
respectively, their directions are 320° and 85° measured from the axis
positive x in the direction opposite to the hands of the clock. What is the value of
your product point.

r·s= r·s cosθ= (4.5)(7.3)(cos 235°)= -18.8420

UNIT III STATICS

1.-Four coplanar and concurrent forces of magnitudes act on a body.

f1= 30 N f2= 40 N f3=20 N y f4=50 N the forces f1 and f2 sum to an angle of
50°. The angle between f2 and f1 = 30° and the angle between f3 and f4 = 60°. Calculate the magnitude.
of the resultant force and the angle it makes with f1

F1: 30 Cos + 30 Sen

F2: 40 Cos 50° + 40 Sin 50°

F3: 20 Cos 80° + 20 Sin 80°

F4: -50 Cos 140° + 50 Sin 140°

∑Fx= 97.4867 Sum of Fy = 82.477

R=∑Fx2+ ∑Fy2 = R = 97.48672 + 82.4772

R = 9505.66 + 6802.45 + 2 (9503.66) + (6802.45)

R=16306.11 = 127.6995 N
-1
Tan-1∑ Fy = tan 6802.45 = 35.5940° + 180 = 215.594°
∑Fx 9503.66

4
2.-The figure shows the system of Forces formed by f1= 30N f2= 20N and
f3= 50N. Obtenga la dirección y la magnitud de la fuerza resultante

F1 = -30 Cos 45° + 30 Sen 45°

F2= 20 Cos 60 ° + 20 Sen 60°

F3= -50 + 0

∑Fx = 61.2132 ∑Fy = 38.5337

R2-61.21322+ (38.5337)2

R = 5231.9023 = 72.33 N

Tan = ∑FY = 38.5337 = -32.177° + 180° = 147.82°

∑Fx -61.2132

5
3.- A uniform tube of 100N is used as a lever, as shown in the figure.
Where should the fulcrum (support point) be placed to have balance? How much?
okay

Sum of Fy = 0
-200N – 100N + Fr – 500N = 0
Fr = 200N + 100N + 500N = 800 N

Sum T = 0

200(x) + 100(x - L/2) - 500(L - x) = 0

-100 (L/2) + Fr (x) - 500 (L) = 0

-50L + Fr (x) – 500 (L) = 0 Fr (X) = 550L X= 550L / 800 x=0.6875L

6
4.-Calculate the tensions T1 and T2 of the following body in equilibrium

T1Y= T1. sen 60 T2Y= T2. sen 60

T2X= T2. cos 60 T1X= T1. cos 60
Σ FX= 0
T2X - T1X = 0 (Equation 1)
T2X= T1X
T2. cos 60 = T1. cos 60
T2= T1
Σ FY= 0
T1Y+ T2Y– W = 0 (Equation 2)

7
 T1Y + T2Y = W but: W = 50 kg.
T1. sen 60 + T2. sen 60 = 50 (Equation 2)
Substituting equation 1 into equation 2
T1. sen 60+T2. sen 60 = 50
T1. sen 60+ (T1). sen 60 = 50
2T1. sin 60 = 50
1.73250 60 cents 250 1T==
T1= 28,86 Kg.
T2 = T1
T2= 28,86 Kg.

UNIT IV KINEMATICS

A tugboat pulls a barge with a mass of 50,000 kg by means of

a cable. If the tugboat exerts a horizontal force of 6,000 N on the cable.
8
What is the acceleration of the cable and the barge? What is the magnitude ignore
the friction of water on the barge?

Solution

a=Fm=6 00050 0000.12m/s2

An airplane continues its horizontal flight 35 m above the ground,

suddenly finds a terrain that gently rises to 4.3°, difficult slope
detect. How long should the pilot make a correction for the airplane
no collision with the ground? The speed of the airplane is 1300 km/h

35
4.3

DATA FORMULA CLEARANCE

h=35 m V=dt t=dv

<=4.3°
=
tan 4.3⁰ hx x=htan4.3°
V=1300 Km/H

V=351.111m/S

SUBSTITUTION OPERATION RESULT

x=35tan4.3° x=35tan4.3°,=465.4850 t=1.29 s

t=465.4850m361.11
m/S
t=465.4850m 361.11 m/S =
1.29 s

9
3.-An airplane reaches a speed of 360 km/h on the runway to take off
assuming a constant acceleration and a track of 8.1 km what acceleration is
requires from rest?

Data

V=360 km/h

V=10m/s

d=1800m

Formula

Vf2 = V02 + 2a(Xf - X0) 8.1 km

a=Vf2-V022[Xf-X0]

Substitution

a = (10ms)^2 - (0ms)^2 / 2(1800m - 0m)

Result

a=1003600=0.0277

4.- At what speed should a ball be thrown vertically upward to

that reached a maximum height of 53.7 meters

DATA V = -gt V= (9.8)

h = 53.7 metros

v=? 53.7 = -9.8 t22

FORMULA t=53.729.8 =3.310 s

(3.310) = 32.44 m/s
. y = -gt22 Result

10
A ball thrown upwards takes 2.5 seconds to reach 36.8.
meters. What is its initial speed and at that height?

DATOS

t = 2.5 seconds

h = 36.8 metros

FORMULA

V = Vo - gt

y = Vo t - g t^2

36.8 = Vo 2.5 - 9.8 (2.5)22

Vo=36.8+30.6252.5=26.97

V=26.97-9.82.5

v=2.47ms²

The only cable that supports an unoccupied elevator for construction is

the elevator breaks down, it is stationary at the top of the 120 m building,

11
At what speed does it collide with the ground? What is its speed when it crosses the...
intermediate point when falling, how much time had passed when I crossed that point?

120

60

DATA FORMULA CLEARANCE

h=120 m V=dt t=dv

=
tan 4.3⁰ hx x=htan4.3°

SUBSTITUTION OPERATION RESULT

x=35tan4.3° x=35tan4.3°,465.4850 t=1.29 s

t=465.4850m361.11
m/s
=
t=465.4850 meters 361.11 meters per second
1.29 s

12
On a dry road, a car with good tires can brake with
a deceleration of 4.92m/s2.

a) How long does it take to come to rest if it initially goes at 24.3m/s2?

b) What distance does it cover in that time?

a I

General Data Taking off and Replacing

a = -4.92m/s2 t = - V/i a

Vf= 0 t = - 24.6 / -4.92

Vi= 24.6m/s2 t = 5 sec

t=?

xf= ? xf= Vi+ at2/2

xi= 0 xf= 24.6 - 4.92 (5)2/ 2

xf36.9 m

Formulas

Vf = Vi+ at

xf = xi+ Vi+ at2/2

13
A small child is playing with a ball on a flat surface. He gives it a push to
roll it, and then the ball rolls a short distance before stopping. The ball
it decreases its speed and stops because:

The child stops pushing it.

b) Speed is proportional to force
c) There must be some force acting on it that opposes the direction of the
movement
d) The net force on her was zero, so she wanted to remain stationary.

9.- A muon (elementary particle) is shot with an initial speed of5.20 x 10^6 m/s, towards
a region where electric produces an acceleration of1.30 x 10^14 m/s²towards the
initial speed. What distance will it cover before coming to a stop?

Data Development

Vo=5.20x106m/s Vf2 = vo2 - 2ad

a=1.30x10^14 m/s^2 d = (vff2 - Vo2) 2a = 0 - (5.20 x 10^6)2 - 2(1.30 x 10^14)

d=27.04x10122.6x1014=10.4x10-2=0.104m

A man weighing 75kg is standing in an elevator that is accelerating upwards at 2

m/s2What is the normal force that the elevator floor exerts on the man? What is the
normal force that the man exerts on the floor?

Solution

Fnet= N - mg

ma = N - mg

N = ma + mg
N = 75(2) + 75(9.81) = 150 + 736 = 886 N

14
11.-Two projectiles are launched vertically upward with a two-second interval.
the first with an initial speed of 50 m/s and the second with an initial speed of 80ms2.

What will be the time elapsed until they meet at the same height?
At what height will it happen?
What speed will each of them have at that moment?

Solution:

h = 50t - 4.9t2= 50(t-2) - 4.9(t-2)2

50t = 4.9t2= 50t - 160 - 4.9t2- 4.9x4

50t = 4.9t2= 80t - 160 - 4.9t2- 4.9(4) + 2(4.9)(2t)

t = 3.62
h = 50(3.62) - 4.9(3.62)2116.8 m
V150 - 9.8(3.62) = 14.5 m/s
V2= 80 - 9.8(1.62) = 64.1 m/s

12.-From the balcony located 14.1m above the ground of a street, we throw a body.
vertically upward at a speed of 10m/s. Calculate the time it will take to
reach the ground.

Solution:
V010m/s
h = -14.1m

h = V0t +12gt2
-14.1 = 10t - 129.8t2

t1= 3s
t2-0.96s

El tiempo de V0is t = 3s

13.-Two bodies A and B located 2 km apart set out simultaneously in the same direction.
direction and sense, both with uniformly accelerated motion, the acceleration being
at the moment B, of 0.32 cm/s2.

15
It should travel a distance of 3.025Km from the starting point of body B.
Calculate the time it will take and what the acceleration of A will be, as well as the velocity.
of the two at the moment of encountering each other.

SOLUTION
XB302500120.32t2-> t = 1375s

XB50250012aAt2-> ax= 2xAt20.53 cm/s2

VA= aAt = 728 cm/s = 7.28 m/s

VB= aBt = 400 cm/s = 4.4 m/s

A car that is stationary starts with an acceleration of 1.5 m/s2In the same
A moment is advanced by a truck that travels at a constant speed of 15 m/s.

Calculate:

a) Distance measured from the crossing point where the car reaches the truck.
b) Speed of the car at that moment.

SOLUTION
a)X = 12at2=at
t=0
t = 2va= 301.5= 20s

b) X = 15(20) = 300m
c) V = at = 1.5 (20) = 30 m/s

15.- Two material points A and B move with uniformly accelerated motion.
starting from rest; the acceleration of B is double that of A and the time taken by A
in its trajectory is three times that of B.

16
 What path does B take in relation to the path taken by A?

SOLUTION

XB=12at

XA= 12 a2qt2

XBXA= 29

16.-The motion of a body is given by the equations: calculate the velocity and the
acceleration for a time t = 2 s.

For t = 2 seconds, calculate the velocity, the acceleration, and the cosines of the angles that
form the velocity with the Cartesian axes.

We know that velocity is the derivative of space with respect to time; therefore,
we calculate its components.

By combining the three values, we obtain the velocity, v, as a function of time:

that for t = 2 seconds gives us v = 27.8 m/s.

To find the acceleration, we differentiate the previous expressions again:

By composing and substituting for t = 2 seconds, it results in:

17
The value of the cosines of the angles that the velocity forms with the Cartesian axes is given by
given by the respective quotients of the modules of the velocities of each component
regarding the total speed module. We have already calculated the value of the
module of the composition of the three equations for velocity and we have obtained a
value of 27.8. In this way:

17.-An airplane moves horizontally at a uniform speed of 720 km/h flying at

a height of 2000 m. From the ground, a projectile is launched at the moment it passes through its
vertical.

Find the minimum initial speed and the angle required to defeat the airplane.

The projectile must be launched at an angle of inclination, , so that I can reach the
airplane in altitude and displacement.

If we have to v0 must be the minimum speed, the altitude at which the plane is flying will be
maximum.

According to the law of conservation of energy, we can equate the kinetic energies.
and potential to write:

On the other hand, we have that the horizontal component of the projectile will be constant and equal to
airplane speed:

Substituting the value of vo given by the second equation into the first equation, we have:
18
And the initial speed will be given by:

UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION

An athlete throws a 'hammer', before throwing it he spins it several times. The mass of the
the ball weighs 7.3 kg and the distance from the hammer to the center is 1.9 m, the speed of the hammer is
27 m/s. What is the centripetal force that the athlete must exert to maintain the hammer?
moving in a circle?
19
Solution

F=ma=m v2r=7.3(27)21.9=2.8x103N

2.- What is the maximum speed at which a car can turn on a curve of
100 m radius without lateral sliding; assume the road is flat and the coefficient
the static friction between the tires and the road surface isμs=0.80?

Solution

fr=ma=m v2r μsmg=m v2r

v=μsgr V=0.809.81(100)28 m/s

3.- A pilot in a fast airplane makes the turn in a "loop." The radius of the loop is 400 m and the
The plane has a speed of 150 m/s when it passes through the bottom of the loop. What is the
apparent weight that the aviator feels?

Solution

N-mg=ma=m v2r

N=mg+m v2r=mg1+V2gr

N = mg1+1509.81(400)=mg (6.7)

Uniformly Accelerated Rectilinear Motion

(M.R.U.A)

An electron strikes a television screen with a speed of 3 x 10.6m/s

suppose that the electron has been accelerated from rest over a distance of
0.04 m. obtain the average acceleration of the electron.

Data Formula Substitution Result

20
 v = 3x106m/s v = d/t t = 0.04m t equals 1.33 times 10-8s
d=0.04m t=d/v 3 times 106m/s
a=¿? a=d/t a=3.0075x106m/s2
a=0.04m
1.33x10-8s

2.-By airplane, upon departure, it covers 600 m in 15 s. Obtain the departure speed, for
Hello, suppose a constant acceleration. Calculate the acceleration in m/s.2.

Data Formula Substitution Result

d=600m V = d/t v=600m/15s v=40m/s

t=15s a = v/t a=40m/s a=2.66m/s2
15s

A car starts from rest and moves with an acceleration of 1 m/s².2for 1 s, then
the engine turns off and the car decelerates due to friction for 10 seconds at an average of
5 cm/s2Then the brakes are applied and in 5 seconds the car stops. Calculate the
total distance traveled by the car. Plot x(t) against t, v(t) against t, and a(t) against t.

Data Formula Substitution Result

vo=0 X = Xo + Vot + at2/2 Section 1 Segment 1

ao=0 X=Vote+at2/2 X=(1m/s2)(1s)2 X=0.5 m
af=1m/s² X=at2/2 2 Section 2
t=1s vf=vo Segment 2 X=8 m
t=10s X=0.5m+1m/s(10s)- Section 3
Xo=0 0.05m/s2(10)2/2 X=8 m
Section 3
vf1 m/s
0.05m/s2(10s)
x = 0.5m + 1m/s (10s)
-(0.05m/s2)(10)2/2

21
On a dry road, a car with good tires can brake with a
deceleration of 11.0 mi/h/s (=4.92 m/s)2a) How long does it take to come to rest, if
Initially it goes at 55 mi/h (=24.6 m/s)? b) What distance does it cover in that time?

Data Formula Substitution Results

a=4.92m/s2 vf=at+vo a) 0-24.6 m/s t=5 s

vo24.6 m/s x=xo+vot+at2/2 -4.92m/s²
vf=0 Clear x=61.5 m
t=0 t= vf- vo/a (24.6m/s)(5s)+(-
4.92 m/s²)(5 s)²/2

5.-An arrow is shot directly upward and falls back to the ground with a
speed of 260 ft/s, burying 9.0 in. Calculate a) the acceleration (supposedly
constant) necessary to stop the arrow and b) the time it takes for the ground to set it
at rest.

Data Formula Substitution Resultado

Vo=260ft/s Vf = Vo2 - 2a(yf - yo) a = (260 ft/s)

a=45066.665 feet/second2
d=9 in t=v/a 0.75ft/2 t = 5.76 x 10-3s
Clear t = (260 ft/s) / (450666.66 ft/s)
a=(-Vo2/yo)/2 2

6.-A muon (elementary particle) is shot with an initial speed of 5.2 x 106m/s,
towards a region where an electric field produces an acceleration of 1.3 x 1014m/s2in
direction opposite to the initial speed. What distance will it cover before coming to a stop?

Data Formula Substitution Result

V05.2 x 106 Vf2 = v02 + 2a(xf - x0) x = 0 - (5.2 x 10^6)22(-

X=0.104
m/s 1.3x10^14 m
a=-1.3x1014
m/s2 x=(xf-x0)

22
 Solving for x

x=Vf2-v022a

7.-An electron with an initial speed of 1.5x105m/s enters a region of 1.2 cm of

long where it accelerates electrically. As seen in the figure. It emerges with a
speed of 5.8x10^6 m/s.
Clear Substitution Result

a=aD
2-o
=
vsfat Conversation n1.4x1015 Formula
vo2 (5.8x106m/s2-m/s2
2(xf-x0) (1.5x105m/s2
vo1.5 times 105m/s 1.2cm 1m0.012 m vf2=vo2+2a(xf-
2(0. xo)
xf= 1.2 cm 100 cm
012 m)
vf=5.8x106m/s

xo=0

Free Fall

1.-A rock is dropped from a 100 m high abyss. How long does it take to fall a)
the first 50.0 m and b) the second 50.0 m?

Data Formula Substitution Result

y = -100 m y = -gt22 a) t = 2(-50) - 9.81 t1=3.19 s

2
g = -9.81 m/s t21.32 s
t=3.19 s

Clearing t tT=2-100-9.81

23
 t = 2y - g

b)tT-t1=4.51 – 3.19=
1.32

2.- At a construction site, a wrench hits the ground at a speed of

24 m/s. a) ¿De que altura se la dejó caer accidentalmente? b) ¿Cuánto tiempo tardó en
to fall?

Data Formula Substitution Result

V=-24 m/s y = -gt²2 a) y = (-9.81) a) y= 29.2 m

(2.44)22 b) t=2.44 s
b) t=-24-9.81
v = -gt

Solving for t

t = -v - g

24
 VERTICAL THROW

A man standing on the roof of a building throws a ball vertically upward.

with a speed of 3.7 m/s, the ball reaches the ground 4.25 seconds later.

a) What is the maximum height reached by the ball?

What is the height of the building?
c) At what speed will the ball reach the ground?

Data Formulas Substitution Result

Vo=3.7m/s t = -Vo / -g t=-3.7m/s t10.377s

t = 4.25s vf=vo–gt -9.81m/s2 t20.754s
y = vot-gt2 /2 y=0.69m
Y=(3.7m/s)(0.37s)-
(9.81m/s2(0.37s)/2 y=-4.2 m
Building height
t=4.25s-
0.75s = 3.5s
y = (3.7 m/s)(3.5 s) -
9.81m/s2)(3.5s)2/2

2.- At what speed must a ball be thrown vertically upwards so that

alcance una altura máxima de 53.7 m? B)¿Cuánto tiempo durara en el aire?

DATA FORMULAS ISOLATIONS

y=53.7m y=Vot-gt2/2 53.7=Vot-gt2Ec. 1

v=0 v = Vo - gt 2
0 = Vo - gt Ec. 2
Clearing time from Eq. 2
t = Vo / g

Substitution Result

25
 Substituting time of Eq. 2 in Eq. 1 Vo=18.79m/s

53.7 = Vo(Vo/g) - g(Vo/g)2 Substituting the value of Vo in the

solve from equation 2
2

t = Vo/g
53.7 = Vo(Vo/9.81) - 4.9(Vo/9.81)2

53.7=Vo2[1/9.81 - 4.9/(9.81)2] t=18.79m/s

9.81 m/s2

Vo=√ 53.7m
t = 1.91s
[1/9.81 – 4.9/(9.81)2]

Vo = √(53.7m / 0.152)

PARABOLIC SHOT

A baseball player hits the ball so that it reaches a speed of 14.63 m/s.
with a direction of 30° above the horizontal, a second player standing 30.48 m from the
batter and in the plane of the ball's trajectory. Calculate the minimum speed of the ball if
the field player catches it at 2.44 m above ground level, for this consider that
the ball was 0.92 m off the ground when it was struck. How far did it run?
fielder to catch the ball?

30 2.44 m
0.92 m

30.48 m d=?
26
Data Formula Substitution Results
vo14.63 vox = vocosθ Iny=voyt-gt22 x = 14.78 m
m/s voy=vosenθ 1.52 = 7.31t - 9.81t^2 v= 13.55
Θ=30 x = voxt 4.9t2-7.31t+1.52=0 m/s
x = 30.48 m vy=voy-gt Applying
vox= 12.6 y=voyt-gt22 t = -b ± √(b² - 4ac) / (2a)
m/s vf = vx2 + vy2 t = -(-7.31) ± (-7.31)² - 44.9(1.5)²(4.9)
voy= 7.3 m/s t1= 6.08 t21.25
y=2.44- Inx=voxt
0.92= 1.52 x = 12.61.25 = 15.7 m
m x=30.48-15.7=14.78 m
Invy=voy-gt
vy = 7.31 - 9.81 * 1.25 = -4.85 m/s
vf = vx² + vy²
vf=(12.6)2+(-4.8)2=13.55 m/s

A stone is thrown with a speed of 120 ft/s directed at 62° above the horizontal,
towards a high cliff, as shown in the figure. It falls to the ground in 5.5 s afterwards.
from the launch. Calculate a) the height of the cliff, b) the speed of the stone just before the
impact onAy c) the maximum height reached above the ground.

27
3.-A projectile is fired horizontally 5m above the surface of a lake.
with a speed of 5 m/s.

Determine:

a) The time it takes for the projectile to enter the water.

b) The horizontal distance traveled by the projectile until it enters the water.
c) Value of the tangent of the angle formed by the velocity vector with the horizontal in the
the moment the projectile enters the lake.

Solution:
a)y = 12gt2-> t =2yg= 2(5)10= 15

V0=120 y=voyt-gt22 a) y=voyt-gt22 a)y= 95.72 ft

ft/s v = vx² + vy²
t=5.5 s vy=voy-gt y=105.o5.5-32.25.522=95.72 ft b) v= 90.7 ft/s
Θ=62 b) vy = voy - gt c) y= 174.01
ft
vy=105.9-32.25.5= -71.15 ft/s

v = vx² + vy²

v=56.32+(-71.152)=90.7 ft/s

c) vy = voy - gt

t = vy - voy - g = -105.9 - 32.2 = 3.2 s

y=voyt-gt22

y=105.93.2-32.23.222=174.01 ft

b)x = V0t = 5(1) = 5 m

Vx=V0 = 5 m/s
Vy= gt = 10(1) = 10 m/s

28
 c) tanΘ =VyVx= 2

Two planes are positioned on the same vertical; the height above the ground of one of them
is 4 times greater than the other as shown in the figure. It aims to bombard the same
Objective. Being the speed of the highest V.
What speed should the lowest one have?

SOLUTION

x = vt

4y = 12 gt2

4y = 12g (x2v2)

x = v't'

y = 12g t'2

y = 12gx2v'2

4 = v'2vv' = 2v

UNIT V DYNAMICS OF A PARTICLE

A telephone pole is kept in a vertical position by means of a cable fixed to the pole.
at a height of 10m and also fixed to the ground 7m from the base, the tension in the cable is
2224N. What are the values of the horizontal and vertical forces acting on the
post?

Θ = tan-110m / 7m = 55.008°

Horizontal Force (x).

2224N cos 55.008° = 1275.38N
2224N 10m
Vertical Force (y).
2224N at 55.008° = 1,821.97N

29
 7m

2.-An inclined plane has a height of 2m and a length of 5m on the surface of the plane there is a
stone of 9807N, immobile due to an obstacle:
a) Obtain the force that the stone exerts on the plane.
b) Obtain the force that the stone exerts on the obstacle.

Θ F1
98.07N theta tan-121 / 5 = 21.80°

2m F1 = 98.07N cos 21.80° = 91.056N

F298.07N sin 21.80° = 36.42N

5m

3.- An automobile is made to move initially at a speed of 50 mi/h (≈80

km/h) and weighs 3,000 lb (≈13,000 N), comes to a stop over a distance of 200 ft (≈61 m).
Calculate a) the braking force, and b) the time required to stop. Assuming the
misma fuerza de frenado, determine c) la distancia, y d) el tiempo necesario para detenerse
if the car were initially traveling at 25 mi/h (≈40 km/h).

Data Formula Substitution Result

V0=80km/h=22. Vf2 = v02 + 2ax(f - x0) F=1325.17(-4.04) a)F=-5353.68 N

22 m/s vf = at + v0 b) t=-v0a b)t=5.5 s

w=13,000 N x = x0 + v0t + at^2 t = -22.22 - 4.04 c) x=15 m
d=64 m F=m*a d) t=2.7 s
c)
m=1325.17 kg
x = x0 + v0t + at^2
a=-4.04 m/s2
x=0+11.11(2.7)+(-4.04)
(2.7)22

c) t = -11.11 - 4.04

A worker drags a box across the floor of a factory, pulling with a rope.
tied to the box. The rope, which has an inclination of 38° above the horizontal, exerts
a force of 450 N on the box. The floor exerts a horizontal resistance force of
125 N, as shown in the figure. Calculate the acceleration of the box a) if its mass is
of 96.0 kg, and b) if its weight is 96.0 N.

30
Data Formulas D.C.L

Θ=38 Sum of forces in the x direction equals mass

T times acceleration.
T=450N m = W/g F
F 38
F=125N F F
a=?
m=96kg W
F
W=96N
substitution Results

a) ∑Fx=ma a)a1=2.39 m/s2

-F+Tx=ma b)a223.47 m/s2
-F + Tcos 38 = m*a

a = Tcos38 - Fm

a=(450)cos38-12596

a1=2.39 m/s2

b) m=wg= 969.81= 9.78 kg

Sum of forces equals mass times acceleration
-F + Tcos 38 = m * a

a = Tcos38 - Fm

a = (450) cos 38 - 1259.78

a2=23.47 m/s2

31
The toy of a child consists of three wagons that are pulled by traction on
small frictionless sliders (shown in the figure). The carts have the masses
m1=3.1 kg,m22.4 kg ym3=1.2 kg. If they are pulled to the right with a force
horizontal deP=6.5 N, obtenga a) la aceleración del sistema, b) la fuerza ejercida por el
second car over the third and c) the force exerted by the first car on the
second.

Data Formulas D.C.L

M1=3.1 kg F=ma m P
M2=2.4 kg Solving for a
1
F
M3=1.2 kg a=Fm
P=6.5 N F = ma
b)

m P
1
F

c)

32
substitution Results

a) a=Fm a) a=0.97 m/s2

b) F32=1.164 N
a = Pm1 + m2 + m3 c) F12=3.49 N

a=(6.5)3.1+2.4+1.2

a=0.97 m/s²

b) F=ma

F32=m3a

F32=1.2(0.97)

F32=1.164 N

c) F = ma

-F12+P=m1a

F12 = P - m1a

F12=6.5-3.1(0.97)

F12=3.49 N

33
6.- In the figure, A is a block of 4.4 kg and B is a block of 2.6 kg. The coefficients of
Static and kinetic friction between the table are 0.18 and 0.15. a) Determine the mass.
minimum of the block that must be placed in A to prevent it from sliding, b) Suddenly
It detaches from Block C. What acceleration does Block A have?

Data Formulas D.C.L

mA4.4 kg w=mg
T
mB2.6 kg F
µs=0.18 Fx=0
µk0.15 Fy=0
Fx=ma

Of B

wB

34
From A

N
fs
T
F

wAwC

35
substitution Results

Of B Fy=0 a)m=10 kg

T-wB=0 b)a=4.32 m/s2

T=mg

T=2.6(9.81)

T=25.5 N

From A

a) Fx=0
A trunk weighing 53 lb
T-fs=0 (=240N) is on the floor. The
T-μswA+wC=0 coefficient of friction
the static between them is 0.41
wC = -T - μs - wA and the kinetic friction is
0.32. a) What is the force
wC = -25.5 - 0.18 - 4.49.81 = 98.53 N minimum horizontal with which
a person must
push it for what
Fy=0 start to move? b)
Once in motion,
N-(wA+wC)=0
What horizontal force
N=wA+wC the person must apply
for what follow
moving with
m=wg=98.59.81=10 kg constant speed? c) Yes
on the contrary, the person
b) Fx=ma will continue to push with
T-fk=mAa the applied force to
start the movement, What
a = T - μk * Nm A = 25.5 - 0.15 * (43.16) * 4.4 acceleration would reach the
a=4.32 m/s² trunk?

36
Data Formula Substitution Result

w=240 Fx=0 a) Fx=0 a) F=98.4 N

N Fy=0 F-fs=0 b) F=76.8 N
µs0.41 F=m*a F=µs*N c) a=0.88
µk0.32 m=wg F=0.41*240 m/s2

D.C.L. b) Fx=0
F-fk=0
F = µk * N
F=0.32*240

c) m=wg
m=2409.81=24.46 kg
F=m*a
F - fk = m * a
a = F - fkm
a=98.4-76.824.46

37
8.- A 110 kg box is pushed upward at a constant speed on a ramp without
friction of 34°, as seen in the figure. What horizontal force F is required?
Suggestion: Resolve the forces into components parallel to the ramp.

Data Formulas

D.C.L
m=110 kg w=mg
Θ=34°

Fx=0
34°
F
F
F
56° w
F F
Substitution Results

38
 w = mg F=727.8 N

w = 1109.81 = 1079.1 N

Fx=0

Fx-wx=0

Fcos34° - wsen34° = 0

F = wsen34°cos34°

F = (1079.1) sin 34° cos 34°

F=727.8 N

9.- An interstellar ship, far from the influence of stars and planets, moves with
high speed under the influence of fusion rockets when the engines
they break down and stop. The ship:

a) It will stop immediately, throwing its occupants to the front.

b) He will begin to reduce his speed, eventually coming to rest in the cold solitude.
of space.
c) It will continue to move at a constant speed for a while, but then
it will start to reduce it.
d) It will continue to move indefinitely and at the same speed.

10.- The block B of the figure weighs 712 N. The coefficient of static friction between it and the
the table is 0.25. Determine the maximum weight of block A with which block B
remain at rest.

39
 Data Formulas D.C.L (B) D.C.L(A)

WB=712N Fs = μsN N T2
μs=0.25 N=W
WA=? fs x-direction equals zero
Sum of forces in the
Sum of forces in the y direction equals zero

T
T 410

wB

wA

Analysis of B Analysis of A Substituting the

value of 2 in 1

∑Fy=0 The sum of forces in

Sum
the of
x-direction
vertical
∑Fx=0forces
equals
(2)equals
zero. 235.85Nsen41=W
zero
N=WB T-F1=0 (1) T2cos41-T=0 A
N=712N T= μsN=0 T2sen41 T2=178N/cos4 154.7N
T=(0.25) -WA=0 1
(712N) T2=235.85N
T=178N

40
 A small child plays with a ball on a flat surface. He gives it a push.
to roll it, and then the ball rolls a short distance before stopping. The
the ball slows down and stops because

A) The boy stops pushing it.

B) Speed is proportional to force.
C) There must be some force acting on it that opposes the direction of the
movement.
D) The net force on her was zero, so she wanted to remain stationary.

12.-A worker drags a 150 lb box across a floor, pulling on an inclined rope.
170 on the horizontal. The coefficient of static friction is 0.52 and that of kinetic friction
it is 0.35.

a)What tension in the string is needed to start moving it?

b)What is the initial acceleration of the box?

DATA FORMULAS D.C.L

w=150 lb ΣFx=ma T

θ=170 ΣFx=0 Fs 170

μs=0.52 Fs = μsN

μk=0.35 ΣFy=0

g=32.2 ft/s2 N=w-Tsen17 w= 150 lb

m=w/g

DRAINAGE SUBSTITUTION CALCULATION OF SUBSTITUTION

ACCELERATION

Fx=0 T = (0.52)(150) ΣFx=ma

Tcos17-Fs cos(17) + 0.52 * sin(17)Tcos17 - Fk = ma a=(70.73)cos17-

45.29/4.65
Tcos17 - μs(w - Tsen17) = 0 T = 70.37 lb Tcos17-Fk = a

41
Tcos17 - μsw + m
μsTsen17=0
N=150 lb Fk = μkN Result
T= μsw fjf 70.73sen17
Fk=0.35 (129.42 lb) =
Cos17+ μsTsen17 N=129.42 lb
45.29 a=4.73ft/s2
ΣFy=0
m=150lb
N=w-Tsen17
32.2 feet per second2
Fs = μsN
m=4.658

13.-A trunk weighing 53 lb (=240N) is on the floor. The coefficient of static friction between them is
of 0.41 and the coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.32 a) What is the minimum horizontal force with which a
The person must push it to start moving b) Once in motion, what?
horizontal force must expand the person so that they continue moving at speed
constant? c) If, on the contrary, the person continues to push with the applied force
To start the movement, what acceleration will the trunk reach?

Data D.C.L Development

µ=0.41 a) Sum of Fx equals 0

µ=0.32 F-μkN=ma

98-0.32240=2409.81a

F=0.41240=98.4N

b) ∑Fx=0 b) ∑Fx=ma

F-µkN=0 F - µkN = ma

42
 F = µkN 98 - 0.32240 = 2409.81a

F=0.32240=76.8N 98-76.8=24.46a

a = 0.86 ms²

14.- A block of mass m slides down a frictionless inclined plane.

an angle of inclination with respect to the horizontal direction. Find the acceleration of
block along the inclined plane. Find the magnitude of the normal force exerted
the plan about the block.

Nθ

Solution

Fx=Nx+ Wx= mg Sinθ

Fy= Ny+ Wy= N - mg Cosθ

ax=Fxm = mg SinθmgSenθ

ay=Fym=N-mg Cosθm Since there is no movement on the y axis

ay=0 0=N-mg Cosθm N=mg cosθ

15.-A box with a mass of 25 kg is placed on a smooth, frictionless table. You push
against the box at an angle of 30° with a force of 80 N.

a) Dibuje un diagrama de cuerpo libre para la caja, incluya todas las fuerzas
b) What is the acceleration of the box?
c) What is the normal force that the table exerts on the box?

Solution

3
F
0
°

D.C.L N
F

43
 W

b) Fx=max

ax= Fxm=80 Cosθ25=69.2825=2.77 m/s2

c)Fy=0 N- FSen30°-mg

N=80Sin30°+25(9.81)

N=40+245.25

N= 285.25 N

16.-The coefficient of kinetic friction of the hard rubber of a car tire

sliding on the pavement isμkWhat is the deceleration of a car?
on a flat street if the driver suddenly brakes so that all the wheels
Are they skidding?

Solution

D.C.L

N N=W

fk=μkN=0.8(mg)

44
 ax=-frm=0.8 mgm-0.8(9.81) ax-8 m/s2

17.- A man pushes a heavy box across the floor so that his push forms a
30° angle with the horizontal. The mass of the box is 60 kg and the coefficient of friction
kineticsμk0.50

What force must the man exert to keep the box moving at speed
uniform?

Solution

D.C.L Fy=0 Fx=0

W
rPN
f
30

-PSen30°-mg+N=0 PCos30°-fr=0

N = P * sin(30°) + mg PCos30°-μkN=0

PCos30°-μk(PSen30° + mg) = 0

PCos30°-μkPSen30°-μkmg=0

P(Cos30°-μkSen30°)=μkmg

P=μk mgCos30° - μkSen30°=0.5060(9.81)Cos30°-0.50Sin30°

P=4.8x102N

18.-The static friction coefficient of the rubber of a car tire on a

street surface isμs=0.90 What is the steepest slope of a street where
Can a car with such tires remain without sliding?

Solution

Nθ

45
 Fx=0

Wx-fr=mgSinθ-μsmgCosθ=0

Dividing by mg

Youθ= μsCosθ
θ
μs=SinθCosθ=tanθ howμs0.90

0.90 = tanθ

θtan-10.90 θ=42°

On an inclined plane of 40° with respect to the horizontal, whose length is 1m.

At the highest point, we abandoned an object.

prismatic so that it descends while moving.

Determine:

a)Knowing that youk= 0.5 indicates if this

displace
b) Assuming the displacement, calculate
for the block the acceleration.

SOLUTION

Sum of Forcesy= 0

N – mgcosѳ = 0

Sum of Forcesx= ma

mgsenθ - fr = ma

a = g(sinѳ - u cosѳ )

a = 9.8(sin40° - 0.5 cos40°) = 2.55 m/s2

19.- A block of mass slides down a smooth inclined plane without friction, with a
angle of inclination with respect to the horizontal direction. Find the acceleration of

46
block along the inclined plane. Find the magnitude of the normal force exerted
the plan on the block.

Nθ

Solution

Fx=Nx+ Wx= mg Sinθ

Fy= Ny+ Wy= N - mg Cosθ

ax=Fxm = mg Sinθm= gSenθ

ay=Fym = N - mg Cosθm Since there is no movement on the y-axis

ay=0 0=N-mg Cosθm N=mg cosineθ

47
20.-A box with a mass of 25 kg is placed on a smooth, frictionless table. You push
against the box at an angle of 30° with a force of 80 N.

a) Draw a free body diagram for the box, including all forces
b) What is the acceleration of the box?
c) What is the normal force that the table exerts on the box?

Solution

3
F
0
°

D.C.L N
F

b) Fx=max

ax= Fxm=80 Cosθ25=69.2825=2.77 m/s2

c)Fy=0 N- FSen30°-mg

N=80sin30°+25(9.81)

N=40+245.25

N = 285.25 N

48
UNIT VI WORK AND ENERGY

A block with a mass of 11.7 kg is pushed a distance of 4.65 m in such a way that it rises.
a height of 2.86m assuming no friction, how much work would be done on it
Does the block experience a force parallel to the slope and with constant speed?

O=sen-1 2.864.05=37.95

∑Fx

f-wx=0

f=wseno

f = mg sin(0)

f=70.6N

W = Fd

W = (70.6)(4.65)

W=328.55 J

2.- An elevator rises a height of 412m above ground level; what is the change in
gravitational energy of the elevator system if it has a mass of 920kg.

Data.

Altura=412m 412 m

Gravedad=9-81

Weight of the elevator = 920kg

Procedure

W = mgh

49
W=(920)(412)(9.81)

W=3718382.4 J

3.-To push up a 25 kg box up a slope of 27°, a worker

exerts a force of 120 N parallel to it. As the box slides 3.6 m, how much
work is done on a) the worker, b) the force of gravity, and c) the normal force
pending?

6
01
3
2
.
N
m7
°

Solution

a) work performed by the worker

Wworker=1203.6=432 J

b) work done by gravity

Wgravity = w cos 27° 3.6

=259.81cos27°3.6=786.66 J

c) work performed by the standard

w=0

50
 A worker pushes a block of 58.7 lb (=26.6 kg) a distance of 31.3 ft (=9.54 m)
along a flat surface, at a constant speed and with a force directed 32° below the
horizontal. The coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.21. How much work did the person do in the
block?
° r
32 f

Solution

To find the work we need to obtain the force from the first condition of equilibrium.

Fx=0; Fy=0

So

Fx=Fcosθ-fr=0 (I)

Fy = N - Fsinθ - mg = 0 (II)

We clearedNfrom (II) and we have

N = F sin θ + mg

And we substitute in (I) iffr = μkN

Fcosθ - μk(Fsinθ + mg) = 0

We develop and clearF

F = μkmgcosθ - μksinθ

Substituting values we obtain force

F = 0.2126.6(9.81)cos32° - 0.21sin32° = 74.37 N

So the job remains

W=74.37cos32°9.54=601.74 J

5.-At a constant speed, a suitcase of 52.3 kg is pushed up an incline of

28° a distance of 5.95 m, applying a constant horizontal force. The coefficient of
The kinetic friction between the suitcase and the ramp is 0.19. Calculate the work done by a)
the applied force and b) the force of gravity.

51
Solution

a) To find the work we need to obtain the force by the first condition of
balance

Fx=0; Fy=0

So

Fx=Fcos28°-mgsin28°-fr=0 (I)

Fy = N - F sin 28° - mg cos 28° = 0 (II)

We clearNof (II) and we have left

N = F sin 28° + mg cos 28°

And we replace in (I) iffr = μkN

Fcos28° - mgsin28° - μk(Fsin28° + mgcos28°) = 0

We develop and clearF

F=mg(sin28°-μkcos28°)cos28°-μksin28°

Substituting values we obtain force

F=52.39.81(sin28°+0.19cos28°)cos28°-μksin28°=411.89 N

W=411.89cos28°5.95=2163.9 J

W=mgh

h=5.95sin28°

W=5.9552.39.81sin28°=1433.16 J

6.- A train collides with a buffer and compresses a spring a distance of 5.6cm when
It stops you. What is the potential energy stored in the spring if the force constant is
1.25x10^8.

Data:
52
Distancia: 5.6cm=0.056m.

Force constant=1.25x10^8

Procedure:

W = 1/2(k)x2

W = 1/2 (1.25 x 10^8) (0.056)2

W = 196x10^3 J

7.-Without friction, a 5 kg block moves in a straight line on a horizontal surface,

under the influence of a force that varies with position, as indicated in the figure.
How much work does the force do as the block moves from the origin tox=8?

solution

We know that work is defined as

W=-xixfF(x)dx

And that the integral is the area under the curve. We have three areas.

AT=A1+A2-A3

A1 = base × height = Fx

A2 and 3 = base × height 2 = Fx 2

A1=102=20 J

A2=1022=10 J

A3=5(2)2=5 J

53
8.- A box that weighs 200 N is lifted on an inclined plane that is 10 m long and
3 m high. The average force is 120 N.
a) What amount of work is done?
b) What is the change in potential energy in the box?

Solution:
a) W=F*S=12010=1200 J
b) ∆v=Vf- Vi=Wh-0=2003=600 J

9.-The figure shows a spring equipped with a pointer hanging next to a scale.
Graduated in millimeters. Three weights hang from it one at a time as shown in the figure.
a)Si se le quitan las pesas ¿Qué marca indicará el puntero en la escala?b)calcula el peso
W.

1
2
4
6
3
0
WN

Solution

a) of Hook's Law
F = -kx; -k = Fx

We establish the relationship of the first two weights.

1100.04 - x = 2420.06 - x

54
The distance is expressed this way because the spring does not move from 0 on the scale, but rather
starts from another distance.

We develop and clearx

x = 0.04242 - 0.06(110)242 - 110 = 0.023 m; m = 23 mm

b) we obtain the value of the weightW once foundx, with the following relationship

1100.04-0.023=W0.03-0.023

1100.017=W0.007

KINETIC AND POTENTIAL ENERGY

k cm
43.6

1.-From a height of 43.6 cm, a block weighing 2.14 kg is dropped onto a spring.
force constantk=18.6 NcmFind the maximum distance that will be compressed the
resort.

Solution

Starting from the concept of conservation of mechanical energy

Ki+Ui=Kf+Uf

WhereKi=0; Uf=0

SoUi=Kf

mgh=12kxf2-xi2; xi=0

Therefore

mgh=12kxf2

Clearingxfand substituting values

vf=2mghk

vf=22.149.81(0.436)1860=0.099 m=9.9 cm

55
 2.- A mass of 5 kg moves on a horizontal surface without friction and collides.
frontally with an elastic spring of negligible mass and recovery constant 1
kp/cm. Determine

a) The kinetic energy of the system at the moment when the mass reaches the spring
b) The maximum compression of the spring

Solution

a)K=12mv2=12(5)(16)40 J
b) W=12mx2
12kx2= 12mv2

x=2kk=2(40)9800.29m

A mass of 5kg falls from 5m height with respect to the end of a vertical spring.
constante k=980 N/m. Calcular la máxima compresión del muelle.

Solution:

Ki + Ui = Kf + Uf

0 + mg(h + x) = 0 +12kx2

5(9.8)(5+x)=12(980)x2

X=0.759 m

4.- A simple pendulum formed by a 100g sphere suspended from a 1m thread

length. We separated the sphere from its equilibrium position until forming an angle of 10° and
then we let it go to oscillate freely. Calculate:

a) The potential energy when the elongation is maximum

b) The maximum speed reached
c) The maximum kinetic energy that it will acquire
d) The time it will take for 10 complete oscillations
Solution

a) U=mgh
U=mg(1-Cosθ)= 1(9.81)(1-0.985)=0.015 J
b) U=2gh=2g(1-cosθ)=29.81(1-0.985)
1
0.54 m/s
c) U=k=0.015 J
1-h
h d) t=10k=20π19.8=205

56
5.-A proton (nucleus of a hydrogen atom) is accelerated in a linear accelerator. In
the stages of a device receive a straight linear acceleration a3.6×10^15 m/s²If a proton
enters one of them initially moving with a speed of2.4×10^7 ms, and if the stage
tiene 3.5 cm de largo calcule a)su rapidez al final de la etapa, yb)la ganancia de energía
kinetic energy achieved from acceleration. The mass of the proton is1.67×10^-27 kg. Express it
energy in electron-volts.

Solution

a) Starting from the expression

Net work = ∆k = kf - ki = 1/2 mvf² - 1/2 mvi²

Tenemos

Fx = max = 12mvf² - 12mvi²

So it remains for us

ax=12vf2-12vi2

We solve for the final velocity

vf=vi2+2ax

Substituting values

vf=2.4×10^72+23.6×10^15(0.035)=2.87×10^7 ms

b) obtain the gain of kinetic energy

From the formula

∆k = kf - ki = 12mvf2 - 12mvi2

∆k=121.67×10-272.87×1072-121.67×10-272.4×1072=2.06×10-13 J

2.06×10^-13 J 11 eV 1.602×10^-19 J = 1.29 MeV

W=0.007(110)0.017=45.3 N

A gun fires a 3g ball at a speed of 400m/s. The barrel of the gun

It is 13cm long.
a) What amount of energy is provided to the bullet?
b) What average force acts on the bullet while it moves inside the barrel?

Solution:
a) The kinetic energy of the bullet
K=12mv2= 120.003(400)2= 240J

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 b) The work done on the bullet
W = Fx = Kf - Ki
F = (Kf - Ki)x = (240 – 0) / 0.13 = 1846 N

7.- A proton (nucleus of a hydrogen atom) is accelerated in a linear accelerator. In

the stages of a device receives a straight linear acceleration a3.6×10^15 ms²If a proton
enters one of them initially moving with a speed of2.4×10^7 ms, and if the stage
It is 3.5 cm long, calculate a) its speed at the end of the stage, and b) the energy gain.
kinetic energy achieved from acceleration. The mass of the proton is1.67×10^-27 kgExpress the
energy in electron-volts.

Solution

a) Starting from the expression

Work done = ∆k = kf - ki = 1/2 mvf² - 1/2 mvi²

We have

Fx = max = 12mvf² - 12mvi²

So we are left with

ax = 12vf² - 12vi²

We solve for the final velocity

vf = vi2 + 2ax

Substituting values
vf = 2.4 × 10^72 + 23.6 × 10^15(0.035) = 2.87 × 10^7 ms

b) obtain the gain of kinetic energy

From the formula

∆k = kf - ki = 12mvf2 - 12mvi2

POWER

A fully loaded elevator has a total mass of 1220 kg. It must descend 54.5 m in
43s. The mass of the counterweight is 1380 kg, calculate the power in hp generated by it.
motor. Do not take into account the energy required to start and stop the elevator, that is,
moves with constant speed.

58
Since the speed is constant, the acceleration is zero. We calculate the force exerted by the
motor

F=0

mcg-F-meg=0

We cleared and calculated F

F = meg - mcg = 12209.81 - 13809.81 = -1569.6 N

The work is calculated.

W=Fd=-1569.6-54.5=-85543.2 J

The power is calculated:

P=W∆t

So

P=85543.243=1989.37 W

A boat is towed at a speed of 20 m/s and the tension in the towing cable
It is 6KN. What is the power supplied in the trailer cable to the boat?

Solution:
P=Fv=6x10320= 120 kN

3.-At 8 cents per kilowatt-hour, what is the cost of operating a 5 hp motor for 2
hours? (1 hp = 746 watts)

Solution:
Cost = (0.08)(5.0)(746x103(2.0) = $0.60

4.- To drag a body of 100Kg on a horizontal surface, a force is used.

constant equal to one tenth of its weight and forming an angle of 45° with the horizontal.

Calculate:

59
 a) The work done by such a force over a distance of 100m

b) If the work was completed in 11 minutes 49 seconds, what power will have been developed?

SOLUTION
a) F =mg10= 100(9.8)10= 98N

w = Fscos = 98(100cos45°) = 6929.6J

b) P = wT= 6929.61160 + 49= 9.8 w

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UNIT VII DYNAMICS OF PARTICLES

Two mastic balls move along a frictionless floor, both remain

tracks after the collision. If ball A moves to the left at 15 m/s and the ball
B moves to the right at 25 m/s, and if their masses are equal, find their common velocity.
after the collision.

Solution:
Pinitial= Pfinal
-mAVA+ -mBVB= (mAmB) V
As mA= mB

m (-VA +VB) = 2mV

Dividing by m
VBVA= 2
V = (VB– VA(25 - 15) / 2 = 5 m/s

VB= 25m/s VA=15m/s

Before the impact After the impact

61
A baseball weighing 0.11 Kg is thrown towards a batter at a speed of
17m/s. After the ball is hit with the bat, it acquires a speed of 34m/s.
in the direction shown in the figure. if the ball and the bat are in contact for
0.0255 find the magnitude of the average force exerted by the bat on the ball.

Solution
I=FΔt
The relationship between momentum and motion is shown in the figure.
I2= Pi2+ Pf2– 2PiPf-0.5
=(0.11)(17)2+ [(0.11)(34)]2- 2[(0.11)(17)][(0.11)(34)][-0.5]
I=0.1117(74.947 N.s
F=I∆t=4.9470.255=197.90N

PARTICLE SYSTEM

1.-Determine the position of the center of mass of 3 particles with masses m, 2m, and 3m that are located in
the vertices of an equilateral triangle with side length

Solution

X=mixiM = 2ml + 3ml Cos 60° 6m = 712l

y=miyiM=3mlSen60°6m=34l

The mass of the moon is 0.012 the mass of the Earth; the radius of the moon is 0.27 the radius of the
Earth; and the average distance between its centers of 60.3 terrestrial radii. Calculate: The situation
of the center of mass of the Earth-Moon system.

Solution XG=MLdMo+ML=0.12Mo60.3RoMo+0.012Mo=0.72361.
012Ro

ML0.012 M
XG 0.715Ro
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RL0.27 R

d=60.3 R

3.-The center of mass of the system formed by the Earth and the Moon is 379,440 km away from
center of the Moon. Knowing that the Earth-Moon distance is 384,000 km. Calculate from
How many times larger is the Earth than the Moon?

Solution

mx=0

Mo(384,000-379,440)- ML(379 440)=0

MoML=83

4.-A system is formed by three spheres of 1kg, 2kg, and 3kg of mass connected by means of
rigid bars of negligible mass. At time t=0 the system is at rest and
two forces begin to act that with respect to an inertial reference system take the
F1 value = 10i - 3j N and

F2 = -5i + 4j N on the 1 kg and 2 kg balls. Calculate the CM velocity at time t = 35.

Solution Let V be the velocity of the CM

0vdv=0t165i+jdt

m=m=6kg v=16(5ti+tj)

F=F=5i+j N For t=35

a = 16(5i + j) ms² v=125i+j m/s

5.-On a piece of wood with a mass of 20 kg, we make a rifle shot. Having
keep in mind that at the moment of impact the projectile (mass=40g) is traveling at a speed of
300 m/s and assuming that the projectile is embedded in the wood; calculate the velocity
what the wood-projectile set acquires and the distance the system travels until it stops
if the coefficient of friction between the wood and the horizontal surface it rests on is
0.1

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Solution

M1V1=(M1M2)V2

V2=M1V1M1+M2=4030020040=0.6ms

F=Ma M1+M2a=μM1+M2g

a = μg

s = v22a = v22(μg) = 0.18m

6.-We consider three particles with masses m1=2kg, m2=4kg, and m3=6kg that are located in a
determined moment at points A(1,2,3)m, B(2, -1, -4)m and C(0,3,1)m respectively.
If external forces F1=3i-2j N, F2=3j+2k N, and F3=3i-4j act on each of them;
determine

a) The position of the center of mass at the considered moment

b) The acceleration at that moment of the center of mass

Solution

a)

x=21+42+602+4+6=56m

y=22+4-1+6312=32m

z=23+4-4+6112=-13m

b) F=F1+F2+F3=6i-3j+2k=maCM

aCM=Fm=12i-14j+16k m/s²

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65
UNIT VIII DYNAMICS OF A RIGID BODY

1. Calculate the moment of inertia of a thin homogeneous rod with respect to an axis.
perpendicular to it and passing through one of its ends

Solution:
Let's call λ the linear density (mass of each unit of length) The mass of the
the dx length is:
dM=λdx→ I=0Lx2λdx=λL33

and as the total mass of the rod is M=λL→I=13ML2

2. There is a homogeneous rod of length L and mass M. Calculate its moment of

inertia with respect to an axis (Z) that passes through one of its ends and forms with it a
angle φ
Solution:
Izz = R2dm
R = x sin φ →IZZ=λsen2φ0Lx2dx=λsen2φL33→Izz = 13ML2 sin² φ
Dm = λdx =MLDX

A wire stretches 1mm per day under a force of 1 kN.

a) How much will a wire of the same material and the same length stretch but that has 4
times the diameter of the previous one?
b) How much work is needed to stretch each wire?

Solution:
a) ∆L=1 (14)2= 116 mm
b) W1 = 1000 + 020.001 = 0.5 J
W2= 116W1=0.0315 J

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UNIT IX OSCILLATORY MOVEMENT

A body whose mass is 100g has simple harmonic motion along a

straight line AB of 10cm in length, with a period of 25

Calculate:

a) The speed and acceleration at the midpoint of the line AB

b) The speed and acceleration at point B
c) The restoring force at point B

Solution:

m = 100g

2nd) 10cm -> A = 5cm

w = 2πT= πs-1

θ=0

x = 5sinπT

V = 5πcosπT = π25-x2

a = -5π2senπT = -π2x

F = -500 π2senπT = -100π2x

a)x = 0
V = 5π cm/s
a=0

b) V = 0
a = -5π2cm/s2

c) X = A = 5cm
F = -500π2dyn

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2.- A spring hangs vertically when a body with a mass of m=1.65 kg is attached.
When suspended from it, its length increases by 7.33 cm. Then the spring is mounted.
horizontally and is held by a block of mass m = 2.43 kg. The block can
sliding freely on a horizontal surface without friction.
a) What is the spring constant k of the spring?
b) What is the magnitude of the horizontal force necessary to stretch it a distance
of 11.6 cm?
c) When it moves a distance of 11.6 cm and if it releases, with what period?
will it oscillate?

Solution:
a) Fy=0
Fy=-kj-Mg
-ky=-Mg

k=-Mgy=-1.659.80-0.0733=221 N/m
b) T=2πMk=2π2.43221=0.65895

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UNIT X UNIVERSAL GRAVITATION

1.-What is the gravitational force exerted by a 10 kg rock on a 40 g stone?

separated by 20 cm?

Solution:

F = GmMr² = 6.67 x 10^-11 0.400 (10) (0.200)² = 6.67 x 10^-10 N

2.- Find the gravitational field intensity g at the surface of Mars, knowing
that the radius of that planet is 3400 km and its mass is 0.11 times that of Earth. The radius
The diameter of the Earth is 6400 km.

Solution:
The gravity of the Earth:
gT= GMTRT2
To Mars
gmarte= GMmarteRmarte2
gmarte = gT Mmarte RT2MTRmarte2 = 0.11MTMT 642342 = 3.8 m/s2

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3.-. A neutron star with mass M equal to that of the sun 1.99x10^30 kg and with radius R of
12 km.
a) What is the free fall acceleration on the surface? Ignore the effects of the
rotation.
b)The asteroid has a mass of 1.2x1021kg and a radius of 470 km What is the
acceleration in free fall on its surface?

Solution:
a) F = GmMr² = 6.67 x 10^-11 * 1.99 x 10^30 * (1200)² = 9.2 x 10^-11 m/s²
b) F = GmMr² = 6.67 x 10^-11 * 1.2 x 10^21 * (4.7 x 10^5) = 0.36 m/s²

4.-.
a) Calculate the mass of the sun based on the period and radius of the Earth's orbit.
b) Calculate the mass of Jupiter from its period (1.77 d) and the orbital radius of its
second closest moon.

Solution:
a)

M=4π²r³GT²= 4π²(1.50x10¹¹)36.67x10⁻¹¹(3.15x10⁷)²=2.01x10³kg

b)
M = 4π²(4.22x10⁸)³(6.67x10⁻¹¹)(1.53x10⁵)² = 1.90x10²⁷ kg

5.- A communications satellite wants to be placed in orbit so that it stays above

At a certain point of the Earth's equator in rotation, what is the height of that orbit?

Solution:
r = (GT^2M/(4π^2))^(1/3)
r = [6.67x10^-11 * 186.4002 * (5.98x10^24) * 4π^2]^(1/3)

r=4.22x10^7m

And its height above the surface will be:

h = r - RT = 4.22 x 10^7 - 6.37 x 10^6 = 3.58 x 10^7 m

The Halley comet has a period of 76 years. In 1986 its approach to the sun was
8.8x1010m. Find its maximum distance from the sun and the eccentricity of its orbit.

Solution:

a = GT2M4π213

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a=[6.67x10-11(2.4x109)2(2x1030)4π2]1/3=2.7x1012m

Rp + Ra = 2a

Ra=2a-Rp=22.7x10^12-8.8x10^10=5.3x10^12m
e = 1 - Rpa = 1 - 8.8 x 10^10 / 2.7 x 10^12 = 0.97

71