EXERCISES OF THE CHAPTER

39. A road transport company finds that 30% of its

envíos llega tarde. Si se programan ocho envíos, cuál es la probabilidad de que:

a) Do three arrive late?

π 0.30
n 8 Using the distribution table
x 3 binomial

b) Do three or more arrive late?

En conclusión, la probabilidad de que 3 envíos lleguen tarde es de
π 0.30 Using the formula:
n 8
n!
P ( x )= π x (1−π )n− x
x 3 x ! ( n−x ) !

8!
P ( 3 )= ( 0.303) (1−0.30)5=0.2541
3! ( 8−3 ) !

8!
P ( 4 )= ( 0.30 ) 4 (1−0.30)4 =0.1361
4 ! ( 8−4 ) !

8!
P ( 5 )= ( 0.305) (1−0.30)3=0.0467
5! ( 8−5 ) !

8!
P6= 0.306 ( 1−0.30)2=0.0100
Using the formula:

n!
P ( x )= π x (1−π )n− x
x! ( n−x)
!

En conclusión, la probab de
8!
P ( 3 )= ( 0.303) (1−0.30)5=0.2541
3! ( 8−3 ) !

c) Do three or fewer arrive late?

8!
P ( 2 )= ( 0.302) (1−0.30)6=0.2965
2 ! ( 8−2 ) !
π 0.30
n 8
8 ! ( f a c t o r1 i a l o f 8 7)
P (1 ) = ( 0.30 ) (1−0.30) =0.1977
x 3 1 ! ( 8−1 ) !

8! 0 8
P0= 0.30 (1−0.30) =0.0576
En conclusión, la probabilidad de que 3 envíos o menos lleguen tarde es de
d) Do they arrive late between three and five inclusive?

Using the formula:

π 0.30
n 8 n!
P ( x )= π x (1−π )n− x
x ! ( n−x ) !
x 3

8!
P ( 3 )= ( 0.303) (1−0.30)5=0.2541
3! ( 8−3 ) !

8!
P ( 4 )= ( 0.30 ) 4 (1−0.30)4 =0.1361
4 ! ( 8−4 ) !

8!
P ( 5 )= ( 0.305) (1−0.30)3=0.0467
5! ( 8−5 ) !

En conclusión, la probabilidad de que 3 a 5 envíos lleguen tarde es de 43.69%.

A survey reveals that 60% of households prefer a certain brand of
sports clothing. If the survey was conducted in 12 households, what is the probability of
that this sportswear be chosen by:

a) Seven households? Using the formula:

x n− x
π 0.60 P (x=nC
) xπ (1−π )

n 12

( )
12!
x 7 P (7 )= ( 0.607) (1−0.60)5
7 ! ( 12−7 ) !
En conclusión, la probabilidad de que 7 hogares escoja la ropa deportiva es de
b) Fewer than 6 households?
Using the formula:
π 0.60 x n− x
P (x=nC
) xπ (1−π )
n 12

x 7 P (5 )=0.1009P ( 4 )=0.0420

P (3 )=0.0124P ( 2 )=0.0024

P 1 =0.0003 P 0 =0.000016
In conclusion, the probability that fewer than 6 households choose sportswear.

c) Ten or more households?

Using the formula:

π 0.60
x n− x
n 12 P (x=nC
) xπ (1−π )

x 7
P (10 )=0.0638P(11)=0.0174

P (12 ) =0.0021

In conclusion, the probability that 10 or more households choose sportswear is

Using the formula:

x n− x
d) More than 2 households? P (x=nC
) xπ (1−π )

π 0.60
P (2 )=0.0024P ( 3 )=0.0124
n 12

x 7 P ( 4 )=0.0420P ( 5 )=0.1009

P (6 )=0.1765P ( 7 )=0.2270

P ( 8 )=0.2128P ( 9 )=0.1419

P (10 )=0.0638P (11 )=0.0174

 In conclusion, the probability that more than 2 households choose sportswear is

41. Temps Ltda sent 9 temporary daytime workers to the Bank of

America of San Francisco. Only 6 of them are actually qualified for
carry out the work for which they can be assigned. The department of
Accounting randomly selects 5 out of 9 employees. What is the
probability that:

a) Are the five qualified?

π 6/9=0.66 Using the formula:

n 9 n!
P ( x )= π x (1−π )n− x
x 5 x ! ( n−x ) !

9!
P (5 )= ( 0.665) ( 1−0.664 )
120
( 9−5 ) !

In conclusion, the probability that the five employees are qualified is

b) Are four qualified?

Using the formula:

π 6/9=0.66

n 9 n!
P ( x )= π x (1−π )n− x
x ! ( n−x ) !
x 4

9! 4
P ( 4 )= ( 0.66 ) (1−0.665 )
4 ! ( 9−4 ) !

In conclusion, the probability that four employees are qualified is

 c) At least 3 are qualified?

Using the formula:

π 6/9=0.66
n 9 n!
P ( x )= π x (one−π )n− x
x ! ( n−x ) !
x 3, 2, 1, 0

9!
P ( 3 )= ( 0.663) (1−0.666 ) =0.0373
3! ( 9−3 ) !

9!
P ( 2 )= ( 0.662) ( 1−0.66)7=0.0082
2 ! ( 9−2 ) !

9!
P (1 ) = ( 0.661) ( 1−0.668 ) =0.0010
1 ! ( 9−1 ) !

9! 9
P0= 0.66 0 1−0.66 =0.00006
In conclusion, the probability that at least 3 employees are qualified

42. The board of directors of the ABC company consists of 4 economists, 3

accountants and 5 engineers. If a committee of 7 members must be selected
randomly, what is the probability that such a committee is formed
by 2 economists, 2 accountants, and 3 engineers?
 43. The planes arrive at O'Hare Airport in Chicago at a rate
an average of 5.2 per minute. Air traffic controllers can
creates a maximum of 7 airplanes per minute safely. What is the probability of
is the airport security at risk? It is believed that the arrivals have
a Poisson distribution.
Using the formula:

μ 5.2
μ xe−μ
P (x=)
x 7 x!

(5.2)7e−5.2
P ( 7 )=
7!

In conclusion, the probability that I jeopardize airport security is

Business Week reported that 80% of the population thinks that salaries
The members of congress are too tall. Yes 15 people are
they select to form a committee that will decide by majority vote whether such
Salaries should be increased or not. What is the probability that the vote will be no?
increase such salaries?
Using the formula:

π 0.80 n!
P ( x )= π x (1−π )n− x
n 15 x ! ( n−x ) !

x 8
15!
P ( 8 )= ( 0.808) (1−0.80)7
8 ! ( 15−8 ) !

In conclusion, the probability that the vote will not increase such
salarios es del 1.38%.
 45. The trucks arrive to load at an average rate of 9.3 per hour.
The port manager knows that if 6 or fewer trucks arrive, only it is necessary.
a cargo port. If more than 6 arrive, it must x P(x)
open a second port. Should it be opened the 0 9.14242E-0.5
1 0.00085
second port?
Using the formula: 2 0.00395
3 0.01226
x 0 4 0.02850
μ xe−μ
P (x=) 5 0.05300
μ 9.3 x!
6 0.08215
∑ P ( x )=0.18080
(9.3)0e−9.3
P (3 ) = =0.00009
0!

Using the formula:

P ( x <6 )=1−0.18080=0.8192

In conclusion, the second port should be opened because the

A company that has a 10% defect rate in its production sells
probabilidad rebasa el 50%.
your products in batches of 15 units. Offers a discount of US$100 if more
Out of three units, how many defective ones should I expect the discount for?
company for every 50 shipments?

Using the equation:

π 0.10

n 15 μ=nπ

x 580
μ= ( 15 ) ( 0.10 ) =1.5

En conclusión, por cada 50 envíos se debería de descontar US$1875.

 Janet Powell is the chief accountant of a large clothing store in a mall.
Commercial. She prepares the payroll for 11 employees, but 7 contain errors.
Martha Holt, Janet's boss, is not satisfied with Janet's work and
Select five payroll records to review. It is found that 3
they contain errors. Janet defends herself by saying she only had 3 errors out of 11
records. Is this a good argument?

N 11 Using the formula:

r 7
rCx( N−r )Cn− x
n 5 P ( x )=
NCn
x 3

7 C 3 (11−7) C5 −3 10 times 8
P ( x )= = =0.4545
11 C 11 C

In conclusion, Janet makes a good argument because the percentage does not
48. The average time between failures of a new General Electric light bulb.
rebasa el 50% de las posibilidades de las muestras tomadas.
It is 10 weeks. What is the probability that a light bulb will fail within
15 weeks?

Using the formula:

−μt
t 15/10=1.5 P (x=1−e
)
μ 1
−) 1
P (x ≤ 15=1−e
) 1.5 ( )(
=0.7768

P ( x >15 ) =1−0.7768=0.2232

In conclusion, the probability that a light bulb will fail within 15 weeks is the
 49. Customers enter a local restaurant at a rate of 10 per hour.
What is the probability that 30 minutes elapse between the arrivals of 2
any clients?
Using the formula:
t 30
=0.5 P (x=1−e
) −μt
60

μ 10
−(10)(0.5)
P (x ≤30=1−e
)

P ( x≤30 )=0.9932

Therefore:

P ( x >30 ) =1−0.9932

In conclusion, the probability that 30 minutes will pass between arrivals of

50. The weights contained in the cereal boxes are distributed in such a way
uniform with an average of 35 ounces and a range of 3.4 ounces.

a) What is the minimum and maximum weight of the boxes?

Using the formula: Equalizing:

a+b 70−a=a−3.4
μ=
2
70+3.4−2 a =0
a+b
35=
2
73.4=2 a

70=a+b
a=36.7

Therefore:
Therefore:
b=70−a
b=a−3.4

In conclusion, the minimum weight that the boxes will have is 33.3 ounces and the
peso máximo es de 36.7 onzas.
 b) What is the probability that a single box contains between 32 and 33
ounces?
Using the formula:

x 2−x 1
(
P x ≤1 x ≤ x=2 ) range

33−32
P (32 ≤ x ≤ 33)=
3.4

In conclusion, the probability that a single box contains 32 and 33

For the past 20 years, Fred has driven every day to go to his
work. The fastest the trip has been done is in 63 minutes. The maximum
It has been delayed for 110 minutes. If the driving times are
uniformly distributed:

a) What is the average time Fred takes?

Using the formula:

a+ b
E ( x )=μ=
2

63+110
E ( x )=μ=
2

E x=μ=86.5

In conclusion, the average time Fred takes is 86.5

F(x)

b) What is the probability

Determining the height:that it will take 1.5 hours?

1 1
A= = =0.02127
b−a110−63
63 min 90 min 110 min
 Determining the height:

x 2−x 1
P ( x≤x
1 ≤x=2 )
rank

90−63
P (63 ≤ x ≤ 90) = =0.5744
110−63

In conclusion, the probability that Fred takes 1.5 hours is

Reports indicate that 5 homicides are committed every hour in the

largest cities of the nation, and that the distribution adjusts to a
Poisson distribution. If this is true, what is the probability that in the
Will 3 people be killed in the next 30 minutes?

Using the formula:

30
=0.5
60 μ xe−μ
P (x=)
μ 5(0.5)=2.5 x!

(2.5)3e−2.5
P (3 ) =
3!

In conclusion, the probability that 3 will be killed in the next 30 minutes

A manufacturing process produces 1.2 defects for every 100 units.

of production, and follows a Poisson distribution. What is the probability of
Using3the
that the following 500 units present formula:
defects?

μ xe−μ
100 P (x=)
=5 x!
500

μ (1.2)(5)=2.5
(6)3e−6
P ( 3 )=
x 3 3!
 In conclusion, the probability that the following 500 units show 3

Normally, it takes 2 weeks to train a worker to use

a bench drill. What is the probability that a worker may be
trained in 1.5 weeks?
Using the formula:
μ 1
=0.5
2 weeks P (x ≤ x=1−e
) −μt

t (1.5)/(2)=0.75
−(0.75)(0.5)
P (x ≤ x=1−e
)

In conclusion, the likelihood that a worker can be trained

In an effort to reduce costs, Wendy's International Inc. A popular

fast food restaurant analyzed the trend so that its processors
automated systems will determine the weights of the burger in the burgers
Quarter pound. It was found that the weights ranged between 3.2 and 4.9 ounces.
A uniform distribution was assumed. What percentage of hamburgers does it have?
more than a quarter of a pound?

A 3.2 Using the formula:

B 4.9 x 2−x 1
P ( x≤x
1 ≤x=2 )
Range 4.9−3.2=1.7 range
If the limits are 3.2 and 4.9 of
ounces and ¼ of a pound equals 4.9−4
P ( 4 ≤ x ≤ )4=. 9
4 ounces must have the 1.7
new range to find
more than ¼ pound is between
 A 4

B 4.9 In conclusion, the percentage of

1.7 hamburguesas tiene más de un cuarto de

Range

56. Is the normal distribution a discrete or continuous distribution? Justify.

your answer. If two datasets that are normally distributed
they have the same mean but different standard deviations how do you
I would compare the range that encompasses 68.3% of all observations of a
together with another? Make the necessary graphs to illustrate how you can
apply the empirical rule in both distributions.

It is a continuous distribution since its main characteristic

it is symmetrical in shape of the campaign and the way in which it

relates to the empirical rule, as it is used to

reflect the distribution of variables such as heights,
pesos, distances and other measures that are divisible
infinitamente.

57. The monthly production costs in a print shop in Toledo are $410.
dollars on average, with a standard deviation of $87. The manager
promises the store owner to keep costs below $300
dollars this month. If the costs are normally
Using distributed,
the normal the owner
distribution equation:
Can you trust the manager?
x−u
z=
δ
μ 410

δ 87 300−410
z=
87
x 300

z=−1.264
 In conclusion, I shouldn't believe him/her, as the probability of him/her fulfilling it
58. An accounting firm of Dooit and Quick discovers that the time
what is taken to carry out a distributed audit process
normally with an average time of 17.2 days and a standard deviation
in 3.7 days. Mr. Dooit promises to start an audit work within 20
days but it must end one that has already begun. How likely is it that
Do they keep their promise?
Using the normal distribution equation:

µ 17.2
x−u
δ 3.7 z=
δ
x 20
20−17.2
z=
3.7

z=0.75

Searching in the table:

In conclusion, it is very likely that he will keep his promise because

tiene un 77.34%.

59. The runners of a local marathon finished the course in a time

average of 180.3; s=25.7 How fast do they need to run to finish?

within the first 10%? Using the distribution equation

normal
µ180.3
δ 25.7 x−u
z=
δ

x−180.3
z=
25.7
0.1
x= ( 1.28 ) ( 25.7 ) +180.3
0.4
 Where u it is the z value found in the normal distribution table.

In conclusion, runners must run for 147.404 minutes to be

60. Electrical connectors last an average of 18.2 months, and . He

Seller agrees to replace one if it fails within the first 19 months.

Of the 500 units. How many should it replace on average?
Using the normal distribution equation:
µ 18.2
x−u
δ 1.7 z=
δ
x 19
19−18.2
z=
1.7

z=0.47

Looking in the table P ( x <0.47 )=0.6808

In conclusion, of the 500 units, 68.08% of them were sold by the seller.
debe reemplazarlas y el total de esto es 340 máquinas las que debe
61. Barry's average sales are US$500, s=15.2 Win one

commission of US$100 only if your sales exceed US$530. On average,

What is the commission for every 25 sales?
Using the normal distribution equation:

µ 500 x−u
z=
δ 15.2 δ

x 530
530−500
z=
15.2

z=1.97

Looking in the table:

P ( z >1.97 )=0.9756

Therefore:
 En conclusión de las 25 ventas solo un 2.44% ventas exceden los $530.
62. The daily production of a local plant has an average of 7,300.

tons, with S=125 tons , on average of 100 days. How many times

Will it exceed 7000 tons? Using the normal distribution equation:

µ7300 x−u
z=
δ 125 σ

x 7000 7000−7300
z=
125

z=−2.4

Searching in the table:

Px >2.4=0.9918

En conclusión la producción que excederá sobre 7000 es de

63. The daily tickets at one of the attractions in Dollywood in Tennessee.

average of US$1012 with a standard deviation of US$312. What is the
What is the probability that today's attraction will receive more than $1000?

Using the distribution equation

µ1012 normal:
σ 312
x−u
x 1000 z=
σ

1000−1012
z=
312

z=−0.038

Looking in the table:

P ( z >0.03 )=0.5120; P ( z >0.04 )=0.5160

 64. The students enrolled in the graduate management aptitude test
they obtain an average of 812, with a standard deviation of 145. Only those who
those in the top 20% can apply for a specific scholarship. Gus
Genius received a score of 900 on the test. Can he apply?

µ 812 Using the distribution equation

δ 145 normal

x Score of 100−20=80
the what
they receive
scholarship P ( z <0.8 )=0.84

z=0.84

x−u
z= Therefore:
σ

In conclusion, Gun Genius does not qualify for the scholarship because his score is insufficient.

65. The storage units at Stor-N-Loc have an average of

82.3 square feet, with s=53.7 square feet How many square feet

it must have a unit to be larger than 90% of all

units? Using the distribution equation
normal
µ 82.3
90=0.9
δ 53.7

x More
z=1.28
big that
90%
x−u
z= Therefore:
σ

x=zδ+ μ
 In conclusion, a minimum of 151,036 square meters must be available for it to

According to National Geographic, 32% of Australians who

They live in the interior of the country, baby 'TINNIES', a type of local beer. Of the
500 randomly selected Australians, what is the probability that
At least 150 have drunk this type of beer?

π 0.3 Using the equation: Using the equation:

2
μ=nπ x−u
n 500 z=
σ
x 150
μ= ( 500 ) ( 0.32 )=160
150−160
z=
10.43
δ= √
nπ(1−π )

z=−0.95
δ= √(500)(0.32)(1−0.32)
Searching in the table of
normal distribution

In conclusion, the probability that at least 150 have drunk tinnies is

67. The Chicago Tribune reported that 69% of Russians were worse off.
economically after the revolution. Of the 800 selected
randomly, what is the probability that less than 580 are in these
conditions?
Using the equation: Using the equation:
π 0.6
9 μ=nπ x−u
z=
n 800 σ

x 580 μ= ( 800 ) ( 0.69 )=552

580−552
z=
13.08
δ= √
nπ(1−π )

z=2.14
δ = √(800)(0.69)(1−0.69)
Searching in the table of
normal distribution
 In conclusion, the probability that at least 580 are worse off.

that Cinderella was a real person. What is the probability that for
Less than 50% of 120 children aged 7 think the same?