Marking Scheme

This document was prepared for markers’ reference. It should not be regarded as a set of model answers.
Candidates and teachers who were not involved in the marking process are advised to interpret its contents with
care.

General Marking Instructions

1. It is very important that all markers should adhere as closely as possible to the marking scheme. In many
cases, however, candidates will have obtained a correct answer by an alternative method not specified in the
marking scheme. In general, a correct answer merits all the marks allocated to that part, unless a particular
method has been specified in the question. Markers should be patient in marking alternative solutions not
specified in the marking scheme.

2. In the marking scheme, marks are classified into the following three categories:
‘M’ marks awarded for correct methods being used;
‘A’ marks awarded for the accuracy of the answers;
Marks without ‘M’ or ‘A’ awarded for correctly completing a proof or arriving
at an answer given in a question.
In a question consisting of several parts each depending on the previous parts, ‘M’ marks should be awarded
to steps or methods correctly deduced from previous answers, even if these answers are erroneous.
However, ‘A’ marks for the corresponding answers should NOT be awarded (unless otherwise specified).

3. For the convenience of markers, the marking scheme was written as detailed as possible. However, it is still
likely that candidates would not present their solution in the same explicit manner, e.g. some steps would
either be omitted or stated implicitly. In such cases, markers should exercise their discretion in marking
candidates’ work. In general, marks for a certain step should be awarded if candidates’ solution indicated
that the relevant concept/technique had been used.

4. In marking candidates’ work, the benefit of doubt should be given in the candidates’ favour.

5. In the marking scheme, ‘r.t.’ stands for ‘accepting answers which can be rounded off to’ and ‘f.t.’ stands for
‘follow through’. Steps which can be skipped are shaded whereas alternative answers are enclosed with
rectangles . All fractional answers must be simplified.

2025-DSE-MATH-CP 1−1 MS 1
Paper 1
Solution Marks Remarks

k h
1. k= +
h 3
k h
k− = 1M for putting k on one side
h 3
hk − k h
= 1M
h 3
k (h − 1) h
=
h 3
h 2
k= 1A or equivalent
3(h − 1)

k h
k= +
h 3
3hk = 3h  + 
k h
1M
h 3
3hk = 3k + h2
3hk − 3k = h2 1M for putting k on one side
3k(h − 1) = h2
h2
k= 1A or equivalent
3(h − 1)

k h
k= +
h 3
3k + h 2
k= 1M
3h
3hk = 3k + h2
3hk − 3k = h2 1M for putting k on one side
3k(h − 1) = h2
h2
k= 1A or equivalent
3(h − 1)
----------(3)

u 7v −5
2.
(u 3v −2) 4
u 7v −5
= 1M for (ah)k = ahk or (ab)l = albl
u 12v −8
v −5+8 cp 1
= 12 − 7 1M for = c p − q or d −r = r
u cq d
v3
= 5 1A
u
----------(3)

2025-DSE-MATH-CP 1−2 MS 2
 Solution Marks Remarks

3. (a) 9m2 − 42mn + 49n2

= (3m − 7n)2 1A or equivalent

(b) 9m2 − 42mn + 49n2 + 12m − 28n + 4

= (3m − 7n)2 + 12m − 28n + 4 1M for using the result of (a)
= (3m − 7n)2 + 4(3m − 7n) + 4
= (3m − 7n + 2)2 1A or equivalent
----------(3)

4. Let x be the number of paper clips owned by the girl.

Then, the number of paper clips owned by the boy is x − 19 . 1A
x − =  x − 19 +  − 15
x x
1M+1A 1M for getting a linear equation in one unknown
3  3
2x 4x
= − 34
3 3
x = 51
Thus, the total number of paper clips owned by the girl and the boy is 83 . 1A

Let x and y be the number of paper clips owned by the girl and the number of
paper clips owned by the boy respectively.
Then, we have x = y + 19 and x − =  y +  − 15 .
x x
1A+1A
3  3
x  x
x − =  x − 19 +  − 15 1M for getting a linear equation in one unknown
3  3
2x 4x
= − 34
3 3
x = 51
Thus, the total number of paper clips owned by the girl and the boy is 83 . 1A

Let n be the total number of paper clips owned by the girl and the boy.
n + 19 1  n + 19   n − 19 1  n + 19  
Then, we have −   = +    − 15 . 1M+1A+1A 1M for getting a linear equation in one unknown
2 3 2   2 3  2 
n 19 2n 64
+ = −
3 3 3 3
n = 83 1A
Thus, the total number of paper clips owned by the girl and the boy is 83 .
----------(4)

2025-DSE-MATH-CP 1−3 MS 3
 Solution Marks Remarks

9a + 5c
5. (a) =7
3c − 4b
9a + 5c = 21c − 28b
9  b  + 5c = 21c − 28b
4
1M
3 
5
c= b
2

a:b
=4:3
=8:6

b:c
=2:5
= 6 : 15

a:b:c
= 8 : 6 : 15 1A

(b) Let a = 8k , b = 6k and c = 15k , where k is a non-zero constant.

c 2 − 8ab
a 2 + 4bc
(15k) 2 − 8(8k)(6k)
= 1M
(8k) 2 + 4(6k)(15k)
−159
=
424
3
=− 1A −0.375
8
----------(4)

6. (a) 19x + 52 < 5(3x + 8)

19x + 52 < 15x + 40
19x − 15x < 40 − 52 1M for putting x on one side
4x < −12
x < −3 1A

5 − 2x ≥ 11
x ≤ −3

Thus, we have x ≤ −3 . 1A

(b) −3 1A
----------(4)

2025-DSE-MATH-CP 1−4 MS 4
 Solution Marks Remarks

7. Let $x be the cost of the keyboard.

(36%)x = 144 1M
144
x=
0.36
x = 400

The selling price of the keyboard

= 400 + 144 1M
= $544

Let $y be the marked price of the keyboard.

(80%)y = 544 1M
544
y=
0.8
y = 680

Note that
(55%)(680) − 400
= −26
Therefore, if the keyboard was sold at a discount of 45% on its marked price,
then a loss of $26 would be made.
Thus, the claim is not correct. 1A f.t.
----------(4)

8. (a) AB = CB ( property of square )

∠ABD = 45° = ∠CBD ( property of square )
BD = BD ( common side )
ΔABD ≅ ΔCBD ( SAS )

Marking Scheme:
Case 1 Any correct proof with correct reasons. 2
Case 2 Any correct proof without reasons. 1

(b) Note that ∠CAF = ∠DAG = 45° .

∠CAD
= ∠CAG + ∠DAG
= ∠CAF − ∠FAG + ∠DAG
= 45° − 30° + 45°
= 60°

By (a), we have CD = AD . 1M
So, we have ∠ACD = ∠CAD = 60° . 1M
Thus, ΔACD is an equilateral triangle. 1A f.t.
----------(5)

2025-DSE-MATH-CP 1−5 MS 5
 Solution Marks Remarks

p + 9 + 10 3
9. (a) = 1M
8 + p + q + p + 9 + 10 5
p = 14 − 3q

Note that q < p and p < 8 .

So, we have q < 14 − 3q and 14 − 3q < 8 .
7
Hence, we have q < and q > 2 .
2
Thus, we have p = 5 and q = 3 . 1A for both correct

(b) The mean

(4)(8) + (5)(5) + (6)(3) + (7)(5) + (8)(9) + (9)(10)
= 1M
8 + 5 + 3 + 5 + 9 + 10
34
= 1A 6.8
5

(c) The standard deviation

≈ 1.886796226
≈ 1.89 1A r.t. 1.89
----------(5)

2025-DSE-MATH-CP 1−6 MS 6
 Solution Marks Remarks

10. (a) Let f (x) = ax2 + b(2x − 5) , where a and b are non-zero constants. 1A
So, we have 9a + b = 36 . 1M

f (15)
= 225a + 25b
= 25(9a + b)
= 25(36)
= 900 1A
----------(3)

(b) Note that f (x) = ax2 + (36 − 9a)(2x − 5) .

So, we have f (x) = ax2 − 18(a − 4)x + 45(a − 4) .

The graph of y = ax2 − 18(a − 4)x + 45(a − 4) has only one x-intercept.
(−18(a − 4))2 − 4a(45(a − 4)) = 0 1M
36(a − 4)(9(a − 4) − 5a) = 0
144(a − 4)(a − 9) = 0
a = 9 or a = 4 ( rejected )
Therefore, we have f (x) = 9x2 − 90x + 225 .
Thus, we have f (11) = 324 . 1A

Note that f (x) =  4 −  x 2 + b(2x − 5) .

b
 9
So, we have f (x) =  4 −  x 2 + 2bx − 5b .
b
 9

The graph of y =  4 −  x 2 + 2bx − 5b has only one x-intercept.

b
 9
(2b) 2 − 4  4 −  (−5b) = 0
b
1M
 9
4b
(9b + 5(36 − b)) = 0
9
16b
(b + 45) = 0
9
b = −45 or b = 0 ( rejected )
Therefore, we have f (x) = 9x2 − 90x + 225 .
Thus, we have f (11) = 324 . 1A
----------(2)

2025-DSE-MATH-CP 1−7 MS 7
 Solution Marks Remarks

11. (a) Let (h, k) be the coordinates of the centre of the circle ABC .

(h + 96)2 + (k − 0)2 = (h − 0)2 + (k − 72)2 1M

4h + 3k + 84 = 0
either one
2 2 2 2
(h + 96) + (k − 0) = (h + 8) + (k + 44)
2h − k + 82 = 0

Solving, we have h = −33 and k = 16 .

The radius of the circle ABC

= (−33 + 96) 2 + (16 − 0) 2 1M
= 65 1A

Let x2 + y2 + dx + ey + f = 0 be the equation of the circle ABC , where d ,

e and f are constants.
So, we have (−96)2 + (0)2 + d(−96) + e(0) + f = 0 ,
(0)2 + (72)2 + d(0) + e(72) + f = 0 and
(−8)2 + (−44)2 + d(−8) + e(−44) + f = 0 . 1M for any one
Solving, we have d = 66 , e = −32 and f = −2 880 .

The radius of the circle ABC

2 2
−32 
=   + 
66
 − (−2 880) 1M
 2  2 
= 65 1A
----------(3)

(b) (i) G , O and P are collinear. 1M

(ii) Note that the coordinates of G are (−33, 16) .

OG
= (−33 − 0) 2 + (16 − 0) 2
≈ 36.67424164

OP
= GP − OG
≈ 65 − 36.67424164
= 28.32575836

So, we have OP < OG .

PM
= OP 2 + OM 2 1M
< OG 2 + OM 2
= GM
= GN
Thus, the claim is disagreed. 1A f.t.

2025-DSE-MATH-CP 1−8 MS 8
 Solution Marks Remarks

Note that the coordinates of G are (−33, 16) .

OG2
= (−33 − 0)2 + (16 − 0)2
= 1 345

OM 2
= GM 2 − OG2
= 652 − 1 345
= 2 880

OP
= GP − OG
= 65 − 1 345

PM
= OP 2 + OM 2 1M
= (65 − 1 345) 2 + 2 880
≈ 60.68235812

Note that GN = 65 .
So, we have PM < GN .
Thus, the claim is disagreed. 1A f.t.
----------(3)

2025-DSE-MATH-CP 1−9 MS 9
 Solution Marks Remarks

12. (a) (30 + c) − (20 + a) = 5 1M

a−c=5
Note that 3 ≤ a ≤ 7 and 2 ≤ c ≤ 8 .
Thus, we have a = 7 and c = 2 . 1A for both correct
----------(2)

(b) (i) The least possible value of the difference of the ages of these two
players is 2 . 1A
The greatest possible value of the difference of the ages of these
two players is 26 . 1A

(ii) The original median

= 30 + b 1M

Note that b = 0 or b = 1 .
Hence, the original mode is 30 + b . 1M

Suppose that the ages of the two players are 30 + b and 45 . 1M

30 + 30 + b
= 30 + b
2
b=0
Note that the modes of the distribution are 27 , 30 and 32 .
Therefore, the number of modes of the distribution is increased.
Thus, the claim is disagreed. 1A f.t.

The original median

= 30 + b 1M

Note that b = 0 or b = 1 .
Hence, the original mode is 30 + b . 1M

Suppose that the ages of the two players are 30 and 45 . 1M

Note that the median of the distribution is 30 + b .
So, the median of the distribution remains unchanged.
If b = 0 , then the modes of the distribution are 27 , 30 and 32 .
Therefore, the number of modes of the distribution is increased.
Thus, the claim is disagreed. 1A f.t.
----------(6)

2025-DSE-MATH-CP 1−10 MS 10
 Solution Marks Remarks

13. (a) Let mx + n be the required quotient, where m and n are constants. 1M
Then, we have p(x) = (mx + n)(2x2 + 3dx − 2d 2) + (12d 2 − 2)x − 6d 3 + d .

By comparing the constant term, we have

−2nd 2 − 6d 3 + d = d 1M
−2(n + 3d)d 2 = 0
n = −3d or d = 0 ( rejected )

p(d) = −d 1M
(m(d) − 3d)(2(d)2 + 3d(d) − 2d 2) + (12d 2 − 2)(d) − 6d 3 + d = −d
3(m − 3)d 3 + 6d 3 = 0
3(m − 1)d 3 = 0
m = 1 or d = 0 ( rejected )

Thus, the required quotient is x − 3d . 1A

----------(4)

(b) p(x) = 0
(x − 3d)(2x2 + 3dx − 2d 2) + (12d 2 − 2)x − 6d 3 + d = 0 ( by (a) )
(x − 3d)(2x − d)(x + 2d) + (6d 2 − 1)(2x − d) = 0
(2x − d)(x2 − dx − 1) = 0 1M
2x − d = 0 or x2 − dx − 1 = 0
d d ± d2 +4
x= or x = 1M
2 2

3 3 1
When d = , the roots of the equation p(x) = 0 are , 2 and − . 1M or any suitable d value
2 4 2
3 1
Note that , 2 and − are not irrational numbers.
4 2
Thus, the claim is disagreed. 1A f.t.
----------(4)

2025-DSE-MATH-CP 1−11 MS 11
 Solution Marks Remarks

14. (a) Let l cm be the slant height of the container.

π (20)(l) = 580π 1M
l = 29

The height of the container

= 29 2 − 20 2 1M
= 21 cm 1A
----------(3)

(b) The volume of the sphere

4
= π (6 3) 1M
3
= 288π cm3

Let d cm be the original depth of water in the container.

(d + 1) 3 − d 3 
π (20 2)(21) 
1
 = 288π 1M+1M
3  213 
75d 2 + 75d − 23 789 = 0
−75 + 75 2 − 4(75)(−23 789) −75 − 75 2 − 4(75)(−23 789)
d= or d = ( rejected )
2(75) 2(75)
d ≈ 17.31675242

The original area of wet curved surface of the container

2
≈ 580π 
17.31675242 
 1M
 21 
2
≈ 1 239.00247 cm
≤ 1 250 cm2
Thus, the original area of wet curved surface of the container is not
greater than 1 250 cm2 . 1A f.t.
----------(5)

2025-DSE-MATH-CP 1−12 MS 12
 Solution Marks Remarks

15. (a) The required probability

C 29C 30
= 14 5914 1M for numerator
C 28
≈ 0.2038928414
≈ 0.204 1A r.t. 0.204
----------(2)

(b) Denote the probability that there are k redundant socks by ak , where
k = 0, 2, 4, …, 28 .

The expected value of the cube root of the number of redundant socks
= (3 2)(a 2) + (3 4)(a 4) + (3 6)(a 6) +  + (3 28)(a 28) 1M
3
≥ ( 2)(a 2 + a 4 + a 6 +  + a 28)
= (3 2)(1 − a 0) 1M
3
≈ ( 2)(1 − 0.2038928414)
≈ 1.003032167
>1
Thus, the expected value of the cube root of the number of redundant
socks exceeds 1 . 1A f.t.

Denote the probability that there are k redundant socks by ak , where

k = 0, 2, 4, …, 28 .

a2
C 29C 30 + C 29C 30
= 13 15 59 15 13 1M for p1 + p2
C 28
≈ 0.3582117371

a4
C 29C 30 + C 29C 30
= 12 16 59 16 12 any one
C 28
≈ 0.242539197

a6
C 29C 30 + C 29C 30
= 11 17 59 17 11
C 28
≈ 0.1261504182

The expected value of the cube root of the number of redundant socks
= (3 2)(a 2) + (3 4)(a 4) + (3 6)(a 6) +  + (3 28)(a 28) 1M
3 3
≥ ( 2)(a 2) + ( 4)(a 4) + (3 6)(a 6)
≈ (3 2)(0.3582117371) + (3 4)(0.242539197) + (3 6)(0.1261504182)
≈ 1.065556007
>1
Thus, the expected value of the cube root of the number of redundant
socks exceeds 1 . 1A f.t.
----------(3)

2025-DSE-MATH-CP 1−13 MS 13
 Solution Marks Remarks

16. (a) Let r be the common ratio of the geometric sequence.

So, we have (G(1))r4 + (G(1))r5 = 18 and (G(1))r14 + (G(1))r15 = 4 374 . 1M for either one
Hence, we have r2 = 3 .

G(1) + G(2)
G(5) + G(6)
=
r4
18
= 2
3
=2 1A
----------(2)

(b) G(1) + G(2) + G(3) + ⋅⋅⋅ + G(2k) > 7 × 1049

(G(1))(r 2k − 1)
> 7 × 1049 1M
r −1
(G(1) + (G(1))r)(r 2k − 1)
> 7 × 1049
(1 + r)(r − 1)
(G(1) + G(2))((r 2) k − 1)
> 7 × 1049
r 2 −1
2(3 k − 1)
> 7 × 1049
3 −1
3k > 7 × 1049 + 1
log 3k > log(7 × 1049 + 1) 1M
k log 3 > log(7 × 1049 + 1)
k > 104.4705042
Thus, the least value of k is 105 . 1A

2025-DSE-MATH-CP 1−14 MS 14
 Solution Marks Remarks

There are two cases.

Case 1: r= 3
By (a), we have G(1) + (G(1)) 3 = 2 .
Solving, we have G(1) = 3 − 1 .

G(1) + G(2) + G(3) + ⋅⋅⋅ + G(2k) > 7 × 1049

( 3 − 1)(( 3) 2k − 1)
> 7 × 1049 1M
3 −1
3k > 7 × 1049 + 1
log 3k > log(7 × 1049 + 1) 1M
k log 3 > log(7 × 1049 + 1)
k > 104.4705042

Case 2: r =− 3 either one

By (a), we have G(1) + (G(1))(− 3) = 2 .
Solving, we have G(1) = − 3 − 1 . either one

G(1) + G(2) + G(3) + ⋅⋅⋅ + G(2k) > 7 × 1049

(− 3 − 1)((− 3) 2k − 1)
> 7 × 1049
− 3 −1
3k > 7 × 1049 + 1
log 3k > log(7 × 1049 + 1)
k log 3 > log(7 × 1049 + 1)
k > 104.4705042

Thus, the least value of k is 105 . 1A f.t.

----------(3)

2025-DSE-MATH-CP 1−15 MS 15
 Solution Marks Remarks

17. (a) f (x)

= x2 − 2kx − 8
= x2 − 2kx + k2 − k2 − 8 1M
= (x − k)2 − k2 − 8
Thus, the coordinates of the vertex of the graph of y = f (x) are
(k, −k2 − 8) . 1A
----------(2)

(b) Note that D = (k − 5, −k2 − 8) and E = (k + 5, k2 + 8) . 1M for either one

Denote the point (2, 4) by H .
Note that H lies on the straight line x + y = 6 .

Suppose that F is a point lying on the straight line x + y = 6 such that

DE is perpendicular to FH .
Note that the slope of FH is −1 .
 k 2 + 8 − (−k 2 − 8) 
 k + 5 − (k − 5)  (−1) = −1 1M+1A
 
k2 +8
− = −1
5
2
k = −3
It is impossible.

Thus, there is no point F lying on the straight line x + y = 6 such that

the coordinates of the orthocentre of ΔDEF are (2, 4) . 1A f.t.
----------(4)

2025-DSE-MATH-CP 1−16 MS 16
 Solution Marks Remarks

18. (a) By sine formula, we have

AE AC
= 1M
sin ∠ACE sin ∠AEC
AE 48
=
sin 65° sin(180° − 80° − 65°)
AE ≈ 75.84477154 cm either one

By sine formula, we have

CE AC
=
sin ∠CAE sin ∠AEC
CE 48
=
sin 80° sin(180° − 80° − 65°)
CE ≈ 82.41407622 cm

AD
= CD 2 + AC 2
= 20 2 + 48 2
= 52 cm

DE
= CD 2 + CE 2
≈ 20 2 + (82.41407622) 2
≈ 84.80613162 cm

By cosine formula, we have

AD 2 + AE 2 − DE 2
cos ∠DAE = 1M
2( AD)( AE)
52 2 + (75.84477154) 2 − (84.80613162) 2
cos ∠DAE ≈
2(52)(75.84477154)
∠DAE ≈ 80.77623444°
∠DAE ≈ 80.8° 1A r.t. 80.8°
----------(3)

2025-DSE-MATH-CP 1−17 MS 17
 Solution Marks Remarks

(b) Let F be the point at which AD produced and BC produced meet.

Then, we have ΔABF ∼ ΔDCF .

AF AB
= 1M
DF DC
AF AB
=
AF − AD DC
AF 36
=
AF − 52 20
AF = 117 cm
either one
BC
= AB 2 + AC 2
= 36 2 + 48 2
= 60 cm

BF AB
=
CF DC
CF + BC AB
=
CF DC
CF + 60 36
=
CF 20
CF = 75 cm

By cosine formula, we have

EF2 = AE2 + AF2 − 2(AE)(AF) cos ∠DAE
EF2 ≈ (75.84477154)2 + 1172 − 2(75.84477154)(117) cos 80.77623444°
EF ≈ 128.8279597 cm

Let H be a point lying on the straight line CE such that GH is

perpendicular to EF , where G is the foot of perpendicular from A to EF .
The angle between the plane ADE and the plane BCE is ∠AGH . 1M

By cosine formula, we have

AE 2 + EF 2 − AF 2
cos ∠AEF =
2( AE)(EF )
(75.84477154) 2 + (128.8279597) 2 − 117 2
cos ∠AEF ≈
2(75.84477154)(128.8279597)
∠AEF ≈ 63.69463662°

2025-DSE-MATH-CP 1−18 MS 18
 Solution Marks Remarks

AG
= AE sin ∠AEF 1M
≈ 75.84477154 sin 63.69463662°
≈ 67.99066252 cm

EG
= AE 2 − AG 2
≈ (75.84477154) 2 − (67.99066252) 2
≈ 33.61099791 cm

By cosine formula, we have

CE 2 + EF 2 − CF 2
cos ∠CEF =
2(CE)(EF )
(82.41407622) 2 + (128.8279597) 2 − 75 2
cos ∠CEF ≈
2(82.41407622)(128.8279597)
∠CEF ≈ 33.2223031°

GH
= EG tan ∠CEF any one
≈ 33.61099791 tan 33.2223031°
≈ 22.01311155 cm

EH
= EG 2 + GH 2
≈ (33.61099791) 2 + (22.01311155) 2
≈ 40.17805695 cm

By cosine formula, we have

AH2 = AE2 + EH2 − 2(AE)(EH) cos ∠AEC
AH2 ≈ (75.84477154)2 + (40.17805695)2 − 2(75.84477154)(40.17805695) cos(180° − 80° − 65°)
AH ≈ 48.72688038 cm

By cosine formula, we have

AG 2 + GH 2 − AH 2
cos ∠AGH =
2( AG)(GH )
(67.99066252) 2 + (22.01311155) 2 − (48.72688038) 2
cos ∠AGH ≈
2(67.99066252)(22.01311155)
∠AGH ≈ 24.07439002°
∠AGH ≈ 24.1° 1A r.t. 24.1°
Thus, the required angle is 24.1° .
----------(4)

2025-DSE-MATH-CP 1−19 MS 19
 Solution Marks Remarks

19. (a) Let I′ be the point of intersection of OP and the minor arc QR .
∠POQ = ∠POR ( tangent properties )
1 ′
∠I′QR = ∠I OR ( ∠ at centre twice ∠ at circumference )
2
1
∠I′RQ = ∠I ′OQ ( ∠ at centre twice ∠ at circumference )
2
∠I′QR = ∠I′RQ
∠I′RQ = ∠I′QP ( ∠ in alt. segment )
∠I′QP = ∠I′QR
So, I′Q is the angle bisector of ∠PQR .
∠I′QR = ∠I′RP ( ∠ in alt. segment )
∠I′RP = ∠I′RQ
So, I′R is the angle bisector of ∠PRQ .
Therefore, I′ is the in-centre of ΔPQR .
Thus, I lies on C .

Marking Scheme:
Case 1 Any correct proof with correct reasons. 3
Case 2 Any correct proof without reasons. 2
Case 3 Incomplete proof with any one correct step and one correct reason. 1
----------(3)

(b) (i) Note that OP is the perpendicular bisector of QR .

3
Hence, the slope of OP is − .
4
3
The equation of OP is y = − x .
4
3 8r 2
Solving y = − x and 100x − 75y − 2r2 = 0 , we have x = and 1M
4 625
6r 2
y =− .
625
Thus, the coordinates of the mid-point of QR are 
8r 2 6r 2 
,− . 1A
 625 625 

(ii) Let S be the mid-point of QR .

OS
2 2
=  − 0  +  0 +
8r 2 6r 2 

 625   625 
2r 2
=
125

Note that ΔOPQ ∼ ΔOQS .

OP OQ
= 1M
OQ OS
OP r
= 2
r 2r
125
125
OP = 1A 62.5
2
125
Thus, the length of OP is .
2

2025-DSE-MATH-CP 1−20 MS 20
 Solution Marks Remarks

(iii) (1) By (a), we have OI = r .

IS
= OI − OS
2r 2
=r −
125

Let k be the y-coordinate of I .

 r − 2r 2  (0) +  2r 2  (k )
   
 125   125  = − 6r 2 1M
r 625
3r
k =−
5

Since the x-axis is a tangent to the inscribed circle of ΔPQR ,

3r 2r 2
we have 0 + = r − . 1M
5 125
r2 − 25r = 0
r = 25 or r = 0 ( rejected ) 1A
Thus, we have r = 25 .

(2) Note that ∠OQP = ∠ORP = 90° and ∠OQP + ∠ORP = 180° .
So, OQPR is a cyclic quadrilateral and OP is a diameter of
the circumcircle of ΔPQR .
Hence, G is the mid-point of OP .

The required ratio

1 1
= (QR)(IS ) : (GP)(QS )
2 2
= 2IS : GP
= 2  (25) −
2(25) 2  1  125 
:   1M
 125  2  2 
= 24 : 25 1A
----------(9)

2025-DSE-MATH-CP 1−21 MS 21
Paper 2

Question No. Key Question No. Key

1. B 26. A
2. C 27. B
3. C 28. D
4. B 29. B
5. A 30. C

6. C 31. B
7. D 32. A
8. A 33. A
9. B 34. D
10. B 35. A

11. A 36. C
12. B 37. D
13. A 38. D
14. D 39. D
15. C 40. B

16. A 41. C
17. D 42. B
18. D 43. C
19. B 44. B
20. D 45. A

21. C
22. A
23. D
24. C
25. C

2025-DSE-MATH-CP 2−1 FS 23
1. B
α 2 − 4β 2 − 8α − 8β + 12 = (α 2 − 8α + 16) − 4(β 2 + 2β + 1)
= (α − 4)2 − 4(β + 1)2
= [(α − 4) + 2(β + 1)][(α − 4) − 2(β + 1)]
= (α + 2β − 2)(α − 2β − 6)

2. C
(4 4n)(8 2n) [(2 2) 4n][(2 3) 2n] (2 8n)(2 6n)
= = = 29n = (23)3n = 83n
32 n (2 5) n 2 5n

3. C
3 4 3(6 − 5x) − 4(x + 2)
− =
x + 2 6 − 5x (x + 2)(6 − 5x)
18 − 15x − 4x − 8
=
(x + 2)(6 − 5x)
10 − 19x
=
(x + 2)(6 − 5x)

4. B
6
p =7+
5−q
6
p−7=
5−q
6
5−q=
p−7
6
q =5−
p−7
5( p − 7) − 6
=
p−7
5 p − 41
=
p−7

5. A
Note that the greatest real number having 4 significant figures and smaller than 3.125 is 3.124.
Thus, the range of value of x is 3.124 < x ≤ 3.125.

6. C
Method 1
Putting x = −3 in the identity, we have
2[(−3) − 1][4p(−3) − 3r] − [(−3) + 6][q(−3) − 6p] = 39p + 2r(−3)[(−3) − 5] + 9q
114p + 24r + 9q = 39p + 48r + 9q
75p = 24r
p 8
=
r 25

2025-DSE-MATH-CP 2−2 FS 24
 Method 2
2(x − 1)(4px − 3r) − (x + 6)(qx − 6p) ≡ 39p + 9q + 2rx(x − 5)
8px − 8px − 6rx + 6r − qx2 − 6qx + 6px + 36p ≡ 39p + 9q + 2rx2 − 10rx
2

(8p − q)x2 + (−2p − 6q − 6r)x + (36p + 6r) ≡ 2rx2 − 10rx + (39p + 9q)
Comparing the coefficients of the x2 term and the x term, we have
 8 p − q = 2r

−2 p − 6q − 6r = −10r
8 p − q − 2r = 0......(1)

 p + 3q − 2r = 0......(2)
(1) × 3 + (2): 25p − 8r = 0
25p = 8r
p 8
=
r 25

7. D
I  f (1 + m) = f (1 − m)
(1 + m)2 + 2m(1 + m) − 18 = (1 − m)2 + 2m(1 − m) − 18
(1 + 2m + m2) + 2m(1 + m) − 18 = (1 − 2m + m2) + 2m(1 − m) − 18
3m2 + 4m − 17 = −m2 − 17
4m2 + 4m = 0
4m(m + 1) = 0
m = 0 or −1
Thus, f (1 + m) = f (1 − m) is not true unless m = 0 or m = −1.
II  f (−6) = (−6)2 + 2m(−6) − 18
= 18 − 12m
−2 f (3) = −2[(3)2 + 2m(3) − 18]
= −2(−9 + 6m)
= 18 − 12m
Thus, we have f (−6) = −2 f (3).
III  f (−1) = (−1)2 + 2m(−1) − 18
= −17 − 2m
f (8) − f (9) = [(8)2 + 2m(8) − 18] − [(9)2 + 2m(9) − 18]
= (46 + 16m) − (63 + 18m)
= −17 − 2m
Thus, we have f (−1) = f (8) − f (9).

8. A
Let p(x) = (8x2 + 6x − 9)q(x) + ax + b, where q(x) is a polynomial and a and b are constants.
By remainder theorem, we have

p   = 9
3
4
  3 2 3  3 3
8   + 6   − 9 q   + a   + b = 9
  4   4    4  4
3a + 4b = 36

2025-DSE-MATH-CP 2−3 FS 25
 By remainder theorem, we have

p  −  = 0
3
 2
  3 2  3   3  3
8  −  + 6  −  − 9 q  −  + a  −  + b = 0
  2   2    2   2
3a − 2b = 0
Solving, we have a = 4 and b = 6.
Thus, the required remainder is 4x + 6.

9. B
The weight of the melon = 2250 × (1 + 26%) = 2835 g
The weight of the pineapple = 2835 ÷ (1 + 40%) = 2025 g

10. B
Method 1
f (0) = 22
[(0) + m][2 − (0)] + n = 22
2m + n = 22
f (4) = 22
[(4) + m][2 − (4)] + n = 22
−2m + n = 30
Solving 2m + n = 22 and −2m + n = 30, we have m = −2 and n = 26.
Method 2
Note that f (−m) = f (2).
Suppose that the equation of the axis of symmetry of the graph of y = f (x) is x = a.
(−m) + 2
Since f (−m) = f (2), we have a = .
2
0+4
Since f (0) = f (4), we have a = .
2
(−m) + 2 0 + 4
So, we have = .
2 2
Solving, we have m = −2.

11. A
7 ≥ 5x + 22 ≥ 11x − 26
7 ≥ 5x + 22 and 5x + 22 ≥ 11x − 26
−5x ≥ 15 and −6x ≥ −48
x ≤ −3 and x≤8
Thus, the required solution is x ≤ −3.

12. B
Let $x / kg be the cost of Indonesian coffee beans.
482 ⋅ 3 + x ⋅ 5
= 512
3+5
1446 + 5x = 4096
5x = 2650
x = 530
Thus, the cost of Indonesian coffee beans is $530 / kg.

2025-DSE-MATH-CP 2−4 FS 26
13. A
ay
Let z = , where a is a non-zero constant.
x
6
x 3 
ay 
y4 x 3z 6 
+ 6 =
y4  x  = 1 + a6
4 +
I  which must be constant
x z
2 4 y y 6 a4
x 2 
ay 

 x
xy 2 y4 xy 2 y4 x2 1
II  + 2 4= 2
+ 4
= 2+ 4 which may not be constant
z 2 x z  ay  a a
x 2 
ay 
  
 x  x
6
x 3 
ay 
xy 2 x 3z 6 
III  + =
xy 2
+  x  = x2 + a6 which may not be constant
2
z2 y6  ay  y6 a2
 
 x

14. D
Let T (m) be the number of dots in the mth pattern.
Note that (1): T (1) = 4
(2): T (n + 1) = T (n) + (n + 4) for any positive integer n
T (8) = T (7) + 11 (by (2) with n = 7)
= T (6) + 10 + 11 (by (2) with n = 6)

= T (1) + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 9 + 10 + 11 (by (2) with n = 1)
= 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 9 + 10 + 11 (by (1))
= 60

15. C
AB2 + BC2 = 32 + 42 = 25
AC2 = 52 = 25
Hence, we have AB2 + BC2 = AC2.
Therefore, we have ∠ABC = 90°. (converse of Pyth. theorem)
The volume of the part of the triangular prism including A
= The volume of the pyramid ABCM + The volume of the pyramid BCNFM
1 1
= ⋅ The area of ΔABC ⋅ AM + ⋅ The area of the trapezium BCNF ⋅ AB
3 3
= ⋅  ⋅ AB ⋅ BC  ⋅ AM + ⋅ ⋅ (BF + CN ) ⋅ BC  ⋅ AB
1 1  1 1
3 2  3  2 
1
= ⋅ AB ⋅ BC ⋅ ( AM + BF + CN )
6
1
= (3)(4)(7 + 25 + 24)
6
= 112 cm3

2025-DSE-MATH-CP 2−5 FS 27
16. A
Let O be the centre of the circle ABCD. A
The circumference of the circle ABCD
B
= +
AB + BCD AD D
E
=3+8+1
= 12 cm O
12 6
The radius of the circle ABCD = = cm
2π π

AB 3 C
∠AOB = 360° × = 360° × = 90°
12 12

AB + 
AD 3 +1
∠BOD = 360° × = 360° × = 120°
12 12
OB = OD (radii)
∠OBD = ∠ODB (base ∠s, isos. Δ)
∠OBD + ∠ODB = 180° − ∠BOD = 180° − 120° = 60° (∠ sum of Δ)
Therefore, we have ∠OBD = 60° ÷ 2 = 30°.
6 2 3
OE = OB tan ∠OBD = tan 30° = cm
π π
The area of the shaded region = The area of the sector OAB − The area of ΔOBE
2
∠AOB 1
= π   ×
6
− ⋅ OB ⋅ OE
π  360° 2
2
90° 1  6   2 3 
= π   ×
6
−  
 π  360° 2  π   π 
≈ 1.811828348
≈ 1.81 cm2 (corr. to the nearest 0.01 cm2)

17. D
In ΔADF and ΔCBF,
∠AFD = ∠CFB (vert. opp. ∠s)
∠ADF = ∠CBF (alt. ∠s, AD // BC)
∠DAF = ∠BCF (alt. ∠s, AD // BC)
Hence, we have ΔADF ∼ ΔCBF. (AAA)
AF : CF = AD : BC = 1 : 4 (corr. sides, ∼ Δs)
AD BE + CE AD  BE 
+ 1 : 1 = ⋅  + 1 : 1 = 5 : 8
AD BC 1 3
AD : CE = ⋅ :1 = ⋅ :1= ⋅
BC CE BC CE BC  CE  4 2 
In ΔADG and ΔCEG,
∠AGD = ∠CGE (vert. opp. ∠s)
∠ADG = ∠CEG (alt. ∠s, AD // BC)
∠DAG = ∠ECG (alt. ∠s, AD // BC)
Hence, we have ΔADG ∼ ΔCEG. (AAA)
AG : CG = DG : EG = AD : CE = 5 : 8 (corr. sides, ∼ Δs)
Since ΔCEG and ΔCDG have common height, we have
The area of ΔCEG EG 8
= =
The area of ΔCDG DG 5

2025-DSE-MATH-CP 2−6 FS 28
 AG + CG
⋅ 
CF CF AC CF 1 AG  1  5  13
= ⋅ = ⋅ = + 1 = ⋅  + 1 =
AF   1
CG AC CG AF + CF CG +1 CG + 1  8  10
CF 4
Since ΔCEF and ΔCEG have common height, we have
The area of ΔCEF CF 13
= =
The area of ΔCEG CG 10
Since ΔBCF and ΔCEF have common height, we have
The area of ΔBCF BC BE + CE BE 3 5
= = = +1= +1=
The area of ΔCEF CE CE CE 2 2
Therefore, we have
The area of the quadrilateral BEGF = The area of ΔBCF − The area of ΔCEG
= The area of ΔCDG × × 1 × × − 1
8 13 5
5  10 2 
18
= 15 ×
5
= 54 cm2

18. D
In ΔABC and ΔDEC,
AB = DE (given)
∠BAC = ∠EDC (given)
AC = DC (sides opp. equal ∠s)
Hence, we have ΔABC ≅ ΔDEC. (SAS)
∠DCE = ∠BAC + ∠BDC = 37° + 37° = 74° (ext. ∠ of Δ)
∠ACB = ∠DCE = 74° (corr. ∠s, ≅ Δs)
∠CEB + ∠CBE = ∠ACB = 74° (ext. ∠ of Δ)
BC = EC (corr. sides, ≅ Δs)
∠CEB = ∠CBE (base ∠s, isos. Δ)
Therefore, we have ∠CEB = 74° ÷ 2 = 37°.
∠CFE = 180° − ∠DCE − ∠CEB = 180° − 74° − 37° = 69° (∠ sum of Δ)

19. B
AB = CD = EF
BE = AB − AE = EF − DE = DF
In ΔBEF and ΔFDC,
EF = DC (proved)
∠BEF = ∠FDC (corr. ∠s, AB // DC)
BE = FD (proved)
Hence, we have ΔBEF ≅ ΔFDC. (SAS)
BF = FC (corr. sides, ≅ Δs)
CF = BF = AB = BC
∠CBF = 60° (prop. of equil. Δ)
Let ∠BGD = x.
∠EBF = 180° − ∠BGD = 180° − x (int. ∠s, AB // DC)
EF = AB = BF
∠BEF = ∠EBF = 180° − x (base ∠s, isos. Δ)

2025-DSE-MATH-CP 2−7 FS 29
 ∠BAD = ∠ADE (base ∠s, isos. Δ)
∠BAD + ∠ADE = ∠BEF = 180° − x (ext. ∠ of Δ)
x
Therefore, we have ∠BAD = (180° − x) ÷ 2 = 90° − .
2
x
∠BCD = ∠BAD = 90° − (prop. of //gram)
2
∠BGD = ∠BCD + ∠CBF (ext. ∠ of Δ)
x =  90° −  + 60°
x
 2
x = 100°

20. D
Let ∠ADC = x.
∠AFE = ∠ADC = x (ext. ∠, cyclic quad.)
∠CAD = ∠ACB (alt. ∠s, AD // BC)
=
CD AB (arcs prop. to ∠s at circumference)
 + BC
 = CD
BD = =
AB + BC AC
∠BAD = ∠ADC = x (arcs prop. to ∠s at circumference)
∠CAD = ∠BAD − ∠BAC = x − 28°
∠AEB = ∠CAD = x − 28° (arcs prop. to ∠s at circumference)
∠AFE + ∠AEB + ∠EAF = 180° (∠ sum of Δ)
x + (x − 28°) + [(x − 28°) + 11°] = 180°
x = 75°

21. C
Let E be the point of intersection of AC and BD. A B
In ΔABE and ΔCDE, E
∠AEB = ∠CED (vert. opp. ∠s)
∠ABE = ∠CDE (alt. ∠s, AB // DC)
∠BAE = ∠DCE (alt. ∠s, AB // DC)
Hence, we have ΔABE ∼ ΔCDE. (AAA)
AE BE AB 11 D C
= = = (corr. sides, ∼ Δs)
CE DE CD 39
AE 11
AE = AC ⋅
AE
= AC ⋅
AE
= AC ⋅ CE = 30 ⋅ 39 = 33 cm
AE + CE AE 11
AC +1 +1 5
CE 39
BE 11
BE = BD ⋅
BE
= BD ⋅
BE
= BD ⋅ DE = 40 ⋅ 39 = 44 cm
BE + DE BE 11
BD +1 +1 5
DE 39
2 2
AE2 + BE2 =   +   = 121
33 44
   5 
5
AB2 = 112 = 121
Hence, we have AE2 + BE2 = AB2.
Therefore, we have ∠AEB = 90°. (converse of Pyth. theorem)

2025-DSE-MATH-CP 2−8 FS 30
 33 117
CE = AC − AE = 30 − = cm
5 5
2 2
BC = BE 2 + CE 2 =   + 
44 117 
 = 25 cm
   5 
5

22. A
The number of folds of rotational symmetry of the figure is 2.

23. D
 3 3
The rectangular coordinates of Q are  − , − .
 2 2

 3 3 3
The rectangular coordinates of R are  − , − .
 2 2
The polar coordinates of R are (3, 210°).

24. C Q
Let U and V be the feet of perpendicular from Q to
the straight lines PS and RS respectively. U
V
Note that QUSV is a rectangle. S
PU = PQ cos ∠QPU = PQ cos p
QV = QR sin ∠QRV = QR sin r r
p
PS = PU − SU
= PU − QV R
P
= PQ cos p − QR sin r

25. C
Denote that straight lines 3cx + (c + 10)y − 6 = 0 and (40 − c)x + 3cy + 7 = 0 by L1 and L2 respectively.
Case 1: c = −10
Since L1 is a vertical line and L2 is not a horizontal line, L1 and L2 are not perpendicular to each
other.
Case 2: c = 0
Since L1 is a horizontal line and L2 is a vertical line, L1 and L2 are perpendicular to each other.

2025-DSE-MATH-CP 2−9 FS 31
 Case 3: c ≠ 10 and c ≠ 0
For L1 and L2 to be perpendicular to each other,
The slope of L1 × The slope of L2 = −1
 − 3c  ×  − 40 − c  = −1
   
 c + 10   3c 
40 − c = −(c + 10)
50 = 0
It is impossible.
Thus, we have c = 0.

26. A
Denote the locus of P by Γ.
Note that Γ is a straight line.
Hence, L1 and L2 are parallel.
Therefore, Γ is the straight line parallel to L1 and L2 in the midway between them.
2t 3 2t
The slope of Γ = − =−
3t 2 3
4 4
The slope of L1 = − =
−3 3
So, we have
2t 4
− =
3 3
t = −2
25
The x-intercept of L1 = −
4
k
The x-intercept of L2 = − = −k
1
−31 31
The x-intercept of Γ = − =−
2(−2) 3 16
So, we have
1  25   31
 −  + (−k ) = −
2  4   16
19
k=−
8

27. B
I  2x2 + 2y2 + 16x + 28y − 25 = 0
25
x 2 + y 2 + 8x + 14 y − =0
2
2 2
The radius of C =   +   −  −  =
8 14 25 155
≤ 12
2  2   2  2

The coordinates of the centre of C =  − , −  = (−4, −7)

8 14
II 
 2 2
Denote the circle x2 + y2 = 144 by C1.
Note that the centre and the radius of C1 are the origin and 12 respectively.
The distance from the centre of C1 to the centre of C = [(−4) − 0] 2 + [(−7) − 0] 2 = 65
Note that the distance from the centre of C1 to the centre of C is less than the radius of C1.
Thus, the centre of C lies inside C1.

2025-DSE-MATH-CP 2−10 FS 32
 III  Denote the straight line 6x + 11y = 0 by L1.
Note that the origin lies on L1.
The distance from the centre of C to the origin = 65
Note that the distance from the centre of C to the origin is less than the radius of C.
So, the origin lies inside C.
Thus, C and L1 intersect at two distinct points.

28. D
When the 3-digit number is divisible by 4 but not divisible by 3,  is 1, 5 or 7.
3
The required probability =
10

29. B
Let x g be the mean weight of the remaining 24 apples.
Consider the sum of the weights of the 40 apples.
133 ⋅ 16 + x ⋅ 24 = 163 ⋅ 40
x = 183

30. C
From the box-and-whisker diagram, the lower quartile and the upper quartile are 16 minutes and 28
minutes respectively.
The inter-quartile range = 28 − 16 = 12 minutes

31. B
B900000016 = 11 × 167 + 9 × 166
= 3103784960

32. A
y = abx
log8 y = log8 a + x log8 b
So, log8 a and log8 b are the intercept on the vertical axis and the slope of the (log8 y)-x graph
respectively.
a
log 8 = log8 a − log8 b
b
0 − (−2)
= (−2) −
3−0
8
=−
3
a 1
=
b 256

33. A
z1 z
+ (3 − 2i)z 2 = 50…(1) and (1 + i)z1 + 2 = −25i…(2)
1− i 3 + 2i
From (2), we have
z2
(1 + i)z1 + = −25i
3 + 2i
(1 − i)(1 + i)z1 (3 − 2i)z 2
+ = −25i
1− i (3 − 2i)(3 + 2i)
(3 − 2i)z 2
2  1  +
z
= −25i ............... (3)
1 − i  13

2025-DSE-MATH-CP 2−11 FS 33
 25  1  = −50 − 325i
z
(3) × 13 − (1):
1 − i 
z1 = (−2 − 13i)(1 − i)
= −15 − 11i
Thus, the imaginary part of z1 is −11.

34. D
I  a2 − (a + 2)(a − 1) = a2 − (a2 + a − 2) = −a + 2
(a − 2)(a + 1) − a2 = (a2 − a − 2) − a2 = −a − 2
Since the differences of consecutive terms are not all equal, it is not an arithmetic sequence.
II  log log a 1 − log a a = 0 − 2 = −2
1
log a − log log a 1 = −2 − 0 = −2
a2
Since the differences of consecutive terms are all equal, it is an arithmetic sequence.

sin 180° tan a° − sin(180 + a)° tan(a − 90)° = (0) tan a° − (− sin a°)  −
1 
III   = −cos a°
 tan a° 

sin(180 − a)° tan(a + 90)° − sin 180° tan a° = (sin a°)  −

1 
 − (0) tan a° = −cos a°
 tan a° 
Since the differences of consecutive terms are all equal, it is an arithmetic sequence.

35. A
The figure below shows D.

O x

y+2=0
3x − y + 13 = 0 6x + 7y − 10 = 0

Solving 3x − y + 13 = 0 and 6x + 7y − 10 = 0, we have (x, y) = (−3, 4).

Solving 6x + 7y − 10 = 0 and y + 2 = 0, we have (x, y) = (4, −2).
Solving y + 2 = 0 and 3x − y + 13 = 0, we have (x, y) = (−5, −2).
Note that the least value is attained at a corner point.
At (x, y) = (−3, 4), 12x + β y − 4β = 12(−3) + β (4) − 4β = −36
At (x, y) = (4, −2), 12x + β y − 4β = 12(4) + β (−2) − 4β = −6β + 48
At (x, y) = (−5, −2), 12x + β y − 4β = 12(−5) + β (−2) − 4β = −6β − 60
For the least value of 12x + β y − 4β to be −36, where (x, y) is a point lying in D, the least value of −36,
−6β + 48 and −6β − 60 is −36.
Note that −6β − 60 < −6β + 48.
So, we have −6β − 60 ≥ −36。
Solving, we have β ≤ −4。
Thus, the required range of values of β is β ≤ −4.

2025-DSE-MATH-CP 2−12 FS 34
36. C
4 sin2(270° − x) − 2 sin2 x = cos(360° − x)
4(−cos x)2 − 2 sin2 x = cos x
4 cos2 x − 2(1 − cos2 x) = cos x
6 cos2 x − cos x − 2 = 0
(2 cos x + 1)(3 cos x − 2) = 0
1 2
cos x = − or cos x =
2 3
x = 120° or 240° or x ≈ 48.18968510° or 311.8103149°
Thus, the equation has 4 roots.

37. D
f (x) = ax(x − 8) + (a + 5)(a + 11)
= a(x2 − 8x) + (a2 + 16a + 55)
= a(x2 − 8x + 16) + (a2 + 55)
= a(x − 4)2 + (a2 + 55)
Note that g(x) = f (−(x − s)).
g(x) = a[−(x − s) − 4]2 + (a2 + 55)
= a[x − (s − 4)]2 + (a2 + 55)
So, the coordinates of the vertex of the graph of y = g(x) are (s − 4, a2 + 55).
I  Since the y-intercept of the graph of y = g(x) is −10, we have
g(0) = −10
a[(0) − (s − 4)]2 + (a2 + 55) = −10
a2 + a(s − 4)2 + 65 = 0
Consider the discriminant of the quadratic equation x2 + (s − 4)2x + 65 = 0.
Δ = [(s − 4)2]2 − 4(1)(65) = (s − 4)4 − 260
Since a is a real root of the quadratic equation x2 + (s − 4)2x + 65 = 0, the discriminant is
non-negative.
(s − 4)4 − 260 ≥ 0
(s − 4)4 ≥ 260
s − 4 ≤ −4 260 or s − 4 ≥ 4 260
s ≤ 4 − 4 260 (rejected) or s ≥ 4 + 4 260
Note that s − 4 ≥ 4 260 ≈ 4.015534273 > 4.
Thus, the x-coordinate of the vertex of the graph of y = g(x) is greater than 4.
II  Note that a2 + 55 > 55.
Thus, the y-coordinate of the vertex of the graph of y = g(x) is greater than 55.
III  a2 + a(s − 4)2 + 65 = 0
a 2 + 65
a=−
(s − 4) 2
Since a2 + 65 > 0 and (s − 4)2 > 0, we have a < 0.
Hence, the graph of y = g(x) opens downwards.
Since the vertex of the graph of y = g(x) lies above the straight line y = −20 and the graph
opens downwards, the graph and the straight line y = −20 intersect at two distinct points.

2025-DSE-MATH-CP 2−13 FS 35
38. D
I  Let F be a point lying on AD produced.
Let G be a point lying on the circle BCE but
.
not lying on BEC
∠CDF = ∠CED (∠ in alt. segment)
C
= ∠BGC (ext. ∠, cyclic quad.) F
= ∠ABC (∠ in alt. segment)
Thus, ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral.
D G
(ext. ∠ = int. opp. ∠)
II  ∠ACB = ∠ADB (∠s in the same segment)
= ∠ACD (∠ in alt. segment) E
Hence, AC bisects ∠BCD. A B
Thus, the in-centre of ΔBCD lies on CE.
III  In ΔABC and ΔAEB,
∠BAC = ∠EAB (common ∠)
∠ACB = ∠ABE (∠ in alt. segment)
∠ABC = ∠AEB (∠ sum of Δ)
Hence, we have ΔABC ∼ ΔAEB. (AAA)
BC AC
= (corr. sides, ∼ Δs)
EB AB
In ΔADC and ΔAED,
∠DAC = ∠EAD (common ∠)
∠ACD = ∠ADE (∠ in alt. segment)
∠ADC = ∠AED (∠ sum of Δ)
Hence, we have ΔADC ∼ ΔAED. (AAA)
CD AC
= (corr. sides, ∼ Δs)
DE AD
∠ABD = ∠ACD (∠s in the same segment)
= ∠ADB (∠ in alt. segment)
AB = AD (sides opp. equal ∠s)
BC CD
Hence, we have = .
EB DE
Thus, we have BC : CD = BE : ED.

39. D
Putting y = 3x − 8 in x2 + y2 + 6tx + 2ty − 5(t + 1) = 0, we have
x2 + (3x − 8)2 + 6tx + 2t(3x − 8) − 5(t + 1) = 0
x + (9x2 − 48x + 64) + 6tx + 2t(3x − 8) − 5(t + 1) = 0
2

10x2 + (12t − 48)x + (−21t + 59) = 0 ........... (*)

Consider the discriminant of (*).
Δ = (12t − 48)2 − 4(10)(−21t + 59)
= (144t2 − 1152t + 2304) − 40(−21t + 59)
= 144t2 − 312t − 56
= 8(18t2 − 39t − 7)
= 8(6t + 1)(3t − 7)

2025-DSE-MATH-CP 2−14 FS 36
 For the circle and the straight line to intersect, since (*) has a real root, the discriminant of (*) is
non-negative.
8(6t + 1)(3t − 7) ≥ 0
(6t + 1)(3t − 7) ≥ 0
1 7
t≤− or t ≥
6 3

40. B
Let (u, v) be the coordinates of Q.
Denote the orthocentre of ΔOPQ by H.
Note that H lies on the altitude of ΔOPQ passing through O.
The slope of OH × The slope of PQ = −1
18 − 0 v − (−3)
× = −1
(−12) − 0 u − 15
2u − 3v = 39
Note that H lies on the altitude of ΔOPQ passing through P.
The slope of PH × The slope of OQ = −1
18 − (−3) v − 0
× = −1
(−12) − 15 u − 0
9u − 7v = 0
Solving 2u − 3v = 39 and 9u − 7v = 0, we have u = −21 and v = −27.
Hence, the coordinates of Q are (−21, −27).
Denote the centroid of ΔOPQ by J.
Let (s, t) be the coordinates of J.
Let M be the mid-point of OP.
0 + 15 0 + (−3)   15 3 
The coordinates of M =  , = , − 
 2 2  2 2
Note that J lies on the median of ΔOPQ passing through Q.
The slope of QJ = The slope of QM

t − (−27) ( )
= 2
3
− − (−27)
s − (−21) 15
− (−21)
2
17s − 19t = 156
Let N be the mid-point of OQ.
0 + (−21) 0 + (−27)   21 27 
The coordinates of N =  ,  = − , − 
 2 2   2 2 
Note that J lies on the median of ΔOPQ passing through P.
The slope of PJ = The slope of PN

t − (−3)
=
( )
−
27
2
− (−3)
s − 15
( )
−
21
2
− 15

7s − 17t = 156
Solving 17s − 19t = 156 and 7s − 17t = 156, we have s = −2 and t = −10.
Thus, the y-coordinate of J is −10.

2025-DSE-MATH-CP 2−15 FS 37
41. C
Note that AX 2 = AE2 − EX 2, DX 2 = EX 2 − DE2 and AD2 = AE2 − DE2. E
AX 2 + DX 2 = (AE2 − EX 2) + (EX 2 − DE2)
H
= AE2 − DE2
= AD2
F
Therefore, we have ∠AXD = 90°. (converse of Pyth. theorem)
G
AC = AD 2 + CD 2 = 6 2 + 8 2 = 10 cm
Consider the area of ΔACD.
1 1
⋅ AC ⋅ DX = ⋅ AD ⋅ CD D
2 2
1 1 Y C
(10)(DX ) = (6)(8)
2 2 X
24 A
DX = cm
5 B
Let Y be the foot of perpendicular from X to AD.
Note that EY 2 = DE2 + DY 2, XY 2 = DX 2 − DY 2 and EX 2 = DE2 + DX 2.
EY 2 + XY 2 = (DE2 + DY 2) + (DX 2 − DY 2)
= DE2 + DX 2
= EX 2
Therefore, we have ∠EYX = 90°. (converse of Pyth. theorem)
So, Y is the projection of X on the plane ADEF.
Hence, the angle between EX and the plane ADEF is ∠XEY.
2
AX = AD 2 − DX 2 = 6 2 −   = cm
24 18
 5 5
Consider the area of ΔADX.
1 1
⋅ AD ⋅ XY = ⋅ AX ⋅ DX
2 2
1 1  18   24 
(6)( XY ) =    
2 2  5  5 
72
XY = cm
25
2
EX = DE 2 + DX 2 = 9 2 +   = cm
24 51
 
5 5
72
XY 25 24
sin ∠XEY = = =
EX 51 85
5
24
Thus, we have sin θ = .
85

42. B
The number of committees with male members that can be formed is the number of ways to choose 4
from the 11 boys to be members and then choose 1 from the remaining 14 students to be chairperson.
The number of committees with female members that can be formed is the number of ways to choose 4
from the 7 girls to be members and then choose 1 from the remaining 14 students to be chairperson.
The required number = C 411C114 + C 47C114
= 5110

2025-DSE-MATH-CP 2−16 FS 38
43. C
The event that the girl draws a white ball in the kth round occurs when the boy draws a green ball and
the girl draws a red ball in each of the first k − 1 rounds and then the boy draws a green ball and then
k −1
the girl draws a white ball, so its probability becomes  7   6   7  1  .
 14   14    
 14   14 
2
The required probability =     +         +         + 
7 1 7 6 7 1 7 6 7 1
 14   14   14   14   14   14   14   14   14   14 

=
( )( )
7 1
14 14
1− ( )( )
7 6
14 14
1
=
22

44. B
Let μ marks and σ marks be the mean and the standard deviation of the test scores respectively.
Then, we have μ − 2σ = 24 and μ + 2.8σ = 96 respectively.
Solving, we have μ = 54 and σ = 15.
Thus, the mean of the test scores is 54 marks.

45. A
Let G be the group of numbers {−9, −7, 2, 3, 5, 6}.
(−9) + (−7) + 2 + 3 + 5 + 6
I  The mean of G = =0
6
Multiplying each number of G by h makes the mean become h times the original value.
Adding 4 to each resulting number adds 4 to the mean.
So, we have p = 0 ⋅ h + 4 = 4.
Note that 4 is an integer.
Thus, p is an integer.
II  The standard deviation of G = 34
Multiplying each number of G by h makes the standard deviation become h 2 times the
original value.
Adding 4 to each resulting number does not make any change to the standard deviation.
So, we have q = 34 ⋅ h 2 = 34h 2 .
Consider the case when h = 34 where the condition that h is an irrational number is
satisfied.
q = 34( 34) 2 = 34
Note that 34 is rational number.
Thus, q is not an irrational number for this case.
III  The inter-quartile range of G = 5 − (−7) = 12
Multiplying each number of G by h makes the inter-quartile range become h 2 times the
original value.
Adding 4 to each resulting number does not make any change to the inter-quartile range.
So, we have r = 12 ⋅ h 2 = 12 h 2 .
Since 12 is a non-zero rational number and h 2 is an irrational number, 12 h 2 is an
irrational number.
Thus, r is not a rational number.

2025-DSE-MATH-CP 2−17 FS 39