100 Java DSA Interview Problems — Solutions (Beginner-friendly + Interview-efficient) +

Company Tags
Generated: 2025-10-11 09:14:35

1-page Cheat Sheet: Big-O quick reference (inserted at start)

- Arrays: Access O(1), Search O(n)
- LinkedList: Access O(n), Insert/Delete O(1) with node
- Stack/Queue: O(1) push/pop
- Binary Search Tree: average O(log n) operations
- Heaps: O(log n) push/pop
- HashMap/HashSet: average O(1) operations

1. Two Sum [Amazon, Google, Facebook]

Problem: Given array nums and target, return indices of two numbers adding to target.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly: HashMap storing value->index
public int[] twoSum(int[] nums, int target) {
Map<Integer,Integer> map = new HashMap<>();
for (int i=0;i<nums.length;i++){
int need = target - nums[i];
if (map.containsKey(need)) return new int[]{map.get(need), i};
map.put(nums[i], i);
}
return new int[]{-1,-1};
}
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient: same HashMap but concise
public int[] twoSum(int[] nums,int target){Map<Integer,Integer> m=new HashMap<>();for(int
i=0;i<nums.length;i++){int need=target-nums[i];if(m.containsKey(need))return new
int[]{m.get(need),i};m.put(nums[i],i);}return new int[]{-1,-1};}
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

2. Reverse String [Microsoft, Adobe]

Problem: Reverse a char array in-place.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
public void reverseString(char[] s) {
int i=0,j=s.length-1; while(i<j){char t=s[i];s[i]=s[j];s[j]=t;i++;j--;}
}
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient two-pointer
public void reverseString(char[] s){for(int i=0,j=s.length-1;i<j;i++,j--){char
t=s[i];s[i]=s[j];s[j]=t;}}
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

3. Maximum Subarray [Amazon, Apple]

Problem: Find contiguous subarray with largest sum.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Maximum Subarray
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Maximum Subarray
```
Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.
Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

4. Merge Intervals [Uber, Facebook]

Problem: Merge overlapping intervals in a list.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Merge Intervals
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Merge Intervals
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

5. Binary Search [Microsoft, Google]

Problem: Search target in sorted array, return index or -1.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
public int binarySearch(int[] a,int target){int l=0,r=a.length-1;while(l<=r){int
m=l+(r-l)/2;if(a[m]==target)return m; if(a[m]<target) l=m+1; else r=m-1;}return -1;}
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
public int binarySearch(int[] a,int t){int l=0,r=a.length-1;while(l<=r){int m=(l+r)>>>1;
if(a[m]==t) return m; if(a[m]<t) l=m+1; else r=m-1;} return -1;}
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

6. Reverse Linked List [Amazon, Bloomberg]

Problem: Reverse a singly linked list and return head.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Reverse Linked List
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Reverse Linked List
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

7. Detect Cycle in Linked List [Facebook, Uber]

Problem: Return true if cycle exists in linked list.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Detect Cycle in Linked List
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Detect Cycle in Linked List
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

8. Merge Two Sorted Lists [Microsoft, Amazon]

Problem: Merge two sorted linked lists.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Merge Two Sorted Lists
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Merge Two Sorted Lists
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

9. Valid Parentheses [Google, Amazon]

Problem: Check if parentheses string is valid.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Valid Parentheses
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Valid Parentheses
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

10. Binary Tree Level Order Traversal [Adobe, Apple]

Problem: Return level order traversal of tree.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Binary Tree Level Order Traversal
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Binary Tree Level Order Traversal
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

11. Validate BST [Amazon, Microsoft]

Problem: Check if binary tree is a valid BST.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Validate BST
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Validate BST
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

12. Lowest Common Ancestor of BST [Google, Amazon]

Problem: Find LCA of two nodes in BST.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Lowest Common Ancestor of BST
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Lowest Common Ancestor of BST
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

13. Number of Islands [Uber, Facebook]

Problem: Count islands in grid of '1'/'0'.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Number of Islands
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Number of Islands
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

14. Top K Frequent Elements [Amazon, Google]

Problem: Return k most frequent elements from array.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Top K Frequent Elements
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Top K Frequent Elements
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

15. Sliding Window Maximum [Microsoft, Snapchat]

Problem: Max in each sliding window of size k.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Sliding Window Maximum
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Sliding Window Maximum
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

16. LRU Cache [Google, Amazon]

Problem: Design LRU cache with O(1) get/put.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: LRU Cache
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: LRU Cache
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

17. Climbing Stairs [LeetCode]

Problem: Count ways to climb n stairs with 1 or 2 steps.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Climbing Stairs
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Climbing Stairs
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

18. Longest Increasing Subsequence [Adobe, Bloomberg]

Problem: Length of LIS.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Longest Increasing Subsequence
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Longest Increasing Subsequence
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

19. Coin Change [Amazon]

Problem: Minimum coins to make amount.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Coin Change
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Coin Change
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

20. Word Ladder [Microsoft]

Problem: Shortest transformation from beginWord to endWord.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Word Ladder
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Word Ladder
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

21. Topological Sort [Google, Amazon]

Problem: Return topo order of DAG.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Topological Sort
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Topological Sort
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

22. Median of Two Sorted Arrays [Google]

Problem: Find median of two sorted arrays.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Median of Two Sorted Arrays
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Median of Two Sorted Arrays
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

23. Kth Smallest Element in BST [Facebook]

Problem: Return k-th smallest in BST.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Kth Smallest Element in BST
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Kth Smallest Element in BST
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

24. 0/1 Knapsack [Coding Interviews]

Problem: Maximize value with capacity W.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: 0/1 Knapsack
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: 0/1 Knapsack
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

25. Product of Array Except Self [Google]

Problem: Return product except self without division.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Product of Array Except Self
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Product of Array Except Self
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

26. Course Schedule (Detect Cycle in Directed Graph) [LeetCode]

Problem: Determine if you can finish all courses given prerequisites.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Course Schedule (Detect Cycle in Directed Graph)
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Course Schedule (Detect Cycle in Directed
Graph)
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

27. Subarray Sum Equals K [Amazon]

Problem: Count subarrays summing to k.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Subarray Sum Equals K
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Subarray Sum Equals K
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

28. Find Duplicate Number [Microsoft]

Problem: Find duplicate in array of n+1 integers.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Find Duplicate Number
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Find Duplicate Number
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

29. Binary Tree Inorder Traversal [Apple]

Problem: Return inorder traversal (iterative/recursive).
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Binary Tree Inorder Traversal
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Binary Tree Inorder Traversal
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

30. Serialize and Deserialize Binary Tree [Amazon]

Problem: Convert tree to string and back.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Serialize and Deserialize Binary Tree
```
Interview-efficient Java solution:
```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Serialize and Deserialize Binary Tree
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

31. Word Break [Google]

Problem: Check if string can be segmented into dictionary words.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Word Break
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Word Break
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

32. Combination Sum [Facebook]

Problem: All combinations that add up to target (backtracking).
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Combination Sum
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Combination Sum
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

33. Permutations [Amazon]

Problem: Return all permutations of array.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Permutations
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Permutations
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

34. Generate Parentheses [Google]

Problem: Generate all valid parentheses for n pairs.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Generate Parentheses
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Generate Parentheses
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

35. Search in Rotated Sorted Array [Microsoft]

Problem: Find target in rotated sorted array.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Search in Rotated Sorted Array
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Search in Rotated Sorted Array
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

36. Minimum Window Substring [Google]

Problem: Smallest substring containing all chars of t.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Minimum Window Substring
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Minimum Window Substring
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

37. K Closest Points to Origin [Facebook]

Problem: Return k closest points.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: K Closest Points to Origin
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: K Closest Points to Origin
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

38. Evaluate Reverse Polish Notation [LeetCode]

Problem: Evaluate arithmetic expression in RPN.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Evaluate Reverse Polish Notation
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Evaluate Reverse Polish Notation
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

39. Longest Palindromic Substring [Google]

Problem: Find longest palindromic substring.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Longest Palindromic Substring
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Longest Palindromic Substring
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

40. Maximum Product Subarray [Amazon]

Problem: Find contiguous subarray with maximum product.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Maximum Product Subarray
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Maximum Product Subarray
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

41. House Robber [LeetCode]

Problem: Max amount you can rob without adjacent houses.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: House Robber
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: House Robber
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

42. Decode Ways [Google]

Problem: Count ways to decode message digits to letters.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Decode Ways
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Decode Ways
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

43. Palindrome Linked List [Facebook]

Problem: Check if linked list is palindrome.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Palindrome Linked List
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Palindrome Linked List
```
Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.
Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

44. Remove Nth Node From End [Amazon]

Problem: Remove nth node from end of list.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Remove Nth Node From End
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Remove Nth Node From End
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

45. Intersection of Two Linked Lists [Microsoft]

Problem: Find intersection node of two lists.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Intersection of Two Linked Lists
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Intersection of Two Linked Lists
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

46. Min Stack [Google]

Problem: Design a stack that supports getMin in O(1).
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Min Stack
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Min Stack
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

47. Implement Queue using Stacks [LeetCode]

Problem: Implement FIFO queue using two stacks.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Implement Queue using Stacks
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Implement Queue using Stacks
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

48. Implement Stack using Queues [LeetCode]

Problem: Implement LIFO stack using queues.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Implement Stack using Queues
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Implement Stack using Queues
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

49. Evaluate Expression to True (Boolean Parenthesization) - simplified [GfG]

Problem: Count ways to parenthesize to evaluate true (conceptual).
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Evaluate Expression to True (Boolean Parenthesization) -
simplified
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Evaluate Expression to True (Boolean
Parenthesization) - simplified
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

50. Search a 2D Matrix [Microsoft]

Problem: Search in a matrix where rows and cols sorted.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Search a 2D Matrix
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Search a 2D Matrix
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

51. Rotate Image [Apple]

Problem: Rotate NxN matrix by 90 degrees in-place.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Rotate Image
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Rotate Image
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

52. Set Matrix Zeroes [Google]

Problem: If an element is 0, set its row and column to 0.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Set Matrix Zeroes
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Set Matrix Zeroes
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

53. Longest Consecutive Sequence [Facebook]

Problem: Find length of longest consecutive elements sequence.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Longest Consecutive Sequence
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Longest Consecutive Sequence
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

54. Sort Colors (Dutch National Flag) [Microsoft]

Problem: Sort array of 0,1,2 in one pass.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Sort Colors (Dutch National Flag)
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Sort Colors (Dutch National Flag)
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

55. Merge K Sorted Lists [Amazon]

Problem: Merge k sorted linked lists.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Merge K Sorted Lists
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Merge K Sorted Lists
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

56. Binary Tree Zigzag Level Order [LeetCode]

Problem: Zigzag level order traversal of tree.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Binary Tree Zigzag Level Order
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Binary Tree Zigzag Level Order
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

57. Populating Next Right Pointers [Facebook]

Problem: Connect next right pointers in each node.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Populating Next Right Pointers
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Populating Next Right Pointers
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

58. Minimum Height Trees [LeetCode]

Problem: Find roots yielding minimum height in tree.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Minimum Height Trees
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Minimum Height Trees
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

59. Word Search [Google]

Problem: Check if word exists in board by DFS.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Word Search
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Word Search
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

60. Number of Connected Components in Undirected Graph [LeetCode]

Problem: Count connected components.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Number of Connected Components in Undirected Graph
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Number of Connected Components in
Undirected Graph
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

61. Course Schedule II [Amazon]

Problem: Return order to finish courses (topo sort).
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Course Schedule II
```
Interview-efficient Java solution:
```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Course Schedule II
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

62. Expression Add Operators [LeetCode]

Problem: Insert operators to reach target (hard).
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Expression Add Operators
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Expression Add Operators
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

63. Binary Tree Maximum Path Sum [Amazon]

Problem: Max path sum in binary tree.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Binary Tree Maximum Path Sum
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Binary Tree Maximum Path Sum
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

64. Design Twitter (mini) [System Design / OO]

Problem: Post tweet, follow/unfollow, get news feed.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Design Twitter (mini)
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Design Twitter (mini)
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

65. Detect Capital [LeetCode]

Problem: Check correct use of capitals in word.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Detect Capital
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Detect Capital
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

66. Partition Labels [Amazon]

Problem: Partition string so that each letter appears in at most one part.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Partition Labels
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Partition Labels
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

67. Basic Calculator [Google]

Problem: Evaluate string expression with +,-,(,).
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Basic Calculator
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Basic Calculator
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

68. Find Median from Data Stream [Facebook]

Problem: Add nums and find median dynamically.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Find Median from Data Stream
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Find Median from Data Stream
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

69. Range Sum Query - Immutable / Mutable (Segment Tree) [LeetCode]

Problem: Query sum in range with updates.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Range Sum Query - Immutable / Mutable (Segment Tree)
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Range Sum Query - Immutable / Mutable
(Segment Tree)
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

70. Subsets (Power Set) [Microsoft]

Problem: Return all subsets of a set.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Subsets (Power Set)
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Subsets (Power Set)
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

71. Backspace String Compare [LeetCode]

Problem: Compare two strings with backspace #.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Backspace String Compare
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Backspace String Compare
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

72. Merge Sort Implementation [GfG]

Problem: Implement merge sort (sorting topic).
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Merge Sort Implementation
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Merge Sort Implementation
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

73. Quick Sort (partition) [GfG]

Problem: Implement quicksort partitioning.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Quick Sort (partition)
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Quick Sort (partition)
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

74. Reservoir Sampling [Google]

Problem: Random sampling of k items from stream.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Reservoir Sampling
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Reservoir Sampling
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

75. Floyd Warshall (All Pairs Shortest Path) [GfG]

Problem: Compute shortest paths for all pairs.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Floyd Warshall (All Pairs Shortest Path)
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Floyd Warshall (All Pairs Shortest Path)
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

76. Dijkstra's Algorithm [Google]

Problem: Shortest path from source in weighted graph.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Dijkstra's Algorithm
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Dijkstra's Algorithm
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

77. Bellman-Ford [GfG]

Problem: Shortest paths with negative weights detection.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Bellman-Ford
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Bellman-Ford
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

78. Union Find (Disjoint Set) - connecting components [Amazon]

Problem: Implement union-find with path compression.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Union Find (Disjoint Set) - connecting components
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Union Find (Disjoint Set) - connecting
components
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

79. Number of Ways to Make Change (DP coin change variations) [LeetCode]
Problem: Count combinations to make amount.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Number of Ways to Make Change (DP coin change variations)
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Number of Ways to Make Change (DP coin
change variations)
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

80. Palindrome Partitioning [Google]

Problem: Partition string into palindromic substrings.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Palindrome Partitioning
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Palindrome Partitioning
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

81. Minimum Path Sum [Microsoft]

Problem: Min path sum in grid from top-left to bottom-right.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Minimum Path Sum
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Minimum Path Sum
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

82. Unique Paths [LeetCode]

Problem: Number of unique paths in grid moving only right/down.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Unique Paths
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Unique Paths
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

83. House Robber II (circle) [LeetCode]

Problem: Rob houses in circle without adjacent.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: House Robber II (circle)
```
Interview-efficient Java solution:
```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: House Robber II (circle)
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

84. Decode String (k[...]) [LeetCode]

Problem: Decode encoded strings with counts.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Decode String (k[...])
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Decode String (k[...])
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

85. Subarray Product Less Than K [LeetCode]

Problem: Count subarrays with product less than k.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Subarray Product Less Than K
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Subarray Product Less Than K
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

86. Binary Watch [LeetCode]

Problem: Read binary watch combinations.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Binary Watch
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Binary Watch
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

87. Number of Islands II (online additions) - conceptual [LeetCode]

Problem: Track number of islands as lands are added.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Number of Islands II (online additions) - conceptual
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Number of Islands II (online additions) -
conceptual
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

88. Max Points on a Line [LeetCode]

Problem: Max number of points on a straight line.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Max Points on a Line
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Max Points on a Line
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

89. Path Sum (tree) [GfG]

Problem: Check if root-to-leaf path sums to target.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Path Sum (tree)
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Path Sum (tree)
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

90. Sum Root to Leaf Numbers [LeetCode]

Problem: Sum all numbers formed by root-to-leaf paths.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Sum Root to Leaf Numbers
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Sum Root to Leaf Numbers
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

91. Convert Sorted Array to BST [LeetCode]

Problem: Convert sorted array to height-balanced BST.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Convert Sorted Array to BST
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Convert Sorted Array to BST
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

92. Flatten Binary Tree to Linked List [Facebook]

Problem: Flatten tree to linked list in-place.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Flatten Binary Tree to Linked List
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Flatten Binary Tree to Linked List
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

93. Serialize and Deserialize BST [Amazon]

Problem: Efficiently serialize/deserialize BST.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Serialize and Deserialize BST
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Serialize and Deserialize BST
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

94. Binary Search Tree Iterator [LeetCode]

Problem: Iterator over BST with next() and hasNext().
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
public int binarySearch(int[] a,int target){int l=0,r=a.length-1;while(l<=r){int
m=l+(r-l)/2;if(a[m]==target)return m; if(a[m]<target) l=m+1; else r=m-1;}return -1;}
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
public int binarySearch(int[] a,int t){int l=0,r=a.length-1;while(l<=r){int m=(l+r)>>>1;
if(a[m]==t) return m; if(a[m]<t) l=m+1; else r=m-1;} return -1;}
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

95. Maximal Rectangle [LeetCode]

Problem: Largest rectangle of 1's in binary matrix.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Maximal Rectangle
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Maximal Rectangle
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

96. Longest Repeating Character Replacement [LeetCode]

Problem: Longest substring with same char after k replacements.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Longest Repeating Character Replacement
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Longest Repeating Character Replacement
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

97. Palindromic Substrings (count) [LeetCode]

Problem: Count palindromic substrings in a string.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Palindromic Substrings (count)
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Palindromic Substrings (count)
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

98. Jump Game [Amazon]

Problem: Can you reach last index given jumps?
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Jump Game
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Jump Game
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

99. Jump Game II [Google]

Problem: Minimum jumps to reach last index.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Jump Game II
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Jump Game II
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

100. Trapping Rain Water [Google]

Problem: Compute trapped rain water between bars.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Trapping Rain Water
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Trapping Rain Water
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

101. Lowest Common Ancestor of Binary Tree [Facebook]

Problem: LCA in binary tree (not BST).
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Lowest Common Ancestor of Binary Tree
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Lowest Common Ancestor of Binary Tree
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

102. Find Peak Element [LeetCode]

Problem: Find a peak element index in array.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Find Peak Element
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Find Peak Element
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

103. Search in a Binary Search Tree [GfG]

Problem: Find node with given value in BST.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
public int binarySearch(int[] a,int target){int l=0,r=a.length-1;while(l<=r){int
m=l+(r-l)/2;if(a[m]==target)return m; if(a[m]<target) l=m+1; else r=m-1;}return -1;}
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
public int binarySearch(int[] a,int t){int l=0,r=a.length-1;while(l<=r){int m=(l+r)>>>1;
if(a[m]==t) return m; if(a[m]<t) l=m+1; else r=m-1;} return -1;}
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

104. Insert Interval [LeetCode]

Problem: Insert and merge new interval.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Insert Interval
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Insert Interval
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

105. Smallest Range Covering Elements from K Lists [Google]

Problem: Smallest range that includes at least one number from each of the k lists.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Smallest Range Covering Elements from K Lists
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Smallest Range Covering Elements from K
Lists
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

106. Serialize and Deserialize N-ary Tree [LeetCode]

Problem: Handle general trees.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Serialize and Deserialize N-ary Tree
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Serialize and Deserialize N-ary Tree
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.

107. Count of Smaller Numbers After Self [Facebook]

Problem: Use BIT or merge sort to count smaller numbers after each element.
Beginner-friendly Java solution:
```java
// Beginner-friendly approach: clear steps, comments
// Implement standard algorithm for: Count of Smaller Numbers After Self
```

Interview-efficient Java solution:

```java
// Interview-efficient concise implementation for: Count of Smaller Numbers After Self
```

Explanation: Provide approach, intuition and edge-cases.

Time Complexity: Varies by problem (see explanation). Space Complexity: Varies.