E - Lab Manual

on

Digital Logic Design

B. Tech. (Computer Science & Engineering)

ThirdYear
CS-366

Compiled and Edited

by
Ms. Aakanksha
Joshi

Department of Computer Science & Engineering

College of Technology and Engineering Maharana

Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology
Udaipur – 313001
 INDEX
S. No. TITLE OF EXPERIMENTS
1. Write a program to print “Hello”.
Write a program to find the Area and Circumference of
2.
a Circle.
3. Write a program to find the Addition of two numbers.
4. Write a program to find Simple Interest.
5. Write a program to find the Square Root.
6. Write a program to Swap two numbers.
7. Write a program to check number is Even or Odd.
Write a program to find the largest among three
8.
numbers.
9. Write a program to print the Table of a number.
10. Write a program to find the Sum of Natural Numbers.
Write a program to print Prime Numbers between 900 to 1000.
11.
12. Write a program to print Reverse String.
13. Write a program to print right-angled ‘#’ Pattern.
Write a program to display the Fibonacci sequence upto
14.
n-th terms.
Write a program to convert decimal into other number systems.
15.
Write a program to display the Calendar of the given
16.
month and year.
17. Write a program to add two matrices using nested loop.
Write a program to check Armstrong numbers in a
18.
certain interval.
Write a program to find that the number is positive or negative using ladder if-else.
19.
Write a program to find that the number is positive or
20.
negative using nested if-else.
21. Write a program to find the Factors of a number.
22. Write a program to make a Simple Calculator.
23. Write a program to find the L.C.M of two input numbers.
Write a program to display the powers of 2 using anonymous function.
24.
 Write a program to display the Fibonacci sequence using Recursion.
25.
Write a program to transpose a matrix using a nested
26.
loop.
Write a program to sort alphabetically the words from a
27.
string provided by the user.
Write a program to find the Sum of Natural Numbers using Recursion.
28.
Write a program to find the Factorial of a Number using
29.
Recursion.
Write a program to print Binary Number using
30.
Recursion.
31. Write a program to remove Punctuations from a String.
32. Write a program to check if the two strings are Anagram.
Write a program to use a Global Variable in Nested
33.
Function.
34. Write a program to import a module.
35. Write a program to count the number of each vowel.
36. Write a program to mail merge.
Write a program to find the Size (Resolution) of an
37.
Image.
Write a program to catch Multiple Exceptions as a Parenthesized Tuple (in one line).
38.

39. Write a program to Split a List into Evenly Sized Chunks.

40. Write a program to find the Hash of a File & display it.
Write a program to return Multiple Values from a
41.
Function.
42. Write a program for Catching Exceptions in Python.
 PROGRAM 1
OBJECT – Write a program to print “Hello”.

CODE –
#print('Hello')
str = 'Hello'
print(str)

OUTPUT –
 PROGRAM 2

OBJECT – Write a program to find the Area and Circumference of a Circle.

CODE –
Radius = float(input('Enter The Radius of Circle - '))
Circumference = 2*3.14*Radius
Area = 3.14*Radius*Radius
print('Circumference of the Circle = ', Circumference)
print('Area of the Circle = ', Area)

OUTPUT –
 PROGRAM -3

OBJECT – Write a program to find the Addition of two numbers.

CODE –
Num1 = int(input('Enter The First Number - '))
Num2 = int(input('Enter The Second Number - '))
#sum = Num1 + Num2
print('Sum of the two numbers = ', Num1+Num2)

OUTPUT –
 PROGRAM -4

OBJECT – Write a program to find Simple Interest.

CODE –
P = float(input('Enter the Principal Amount - '))
R = float(input('Enter the Rate - '))
T = float(input('Enter the Time - '))
print('Simple Interest = ', P*R*T/100)

OUTPUT –
 PROGRAM -5

OBJECT – Write a program to find the Square Root.

CODE –
Num = int(input('Enter the Number - '))
print('The Square Root - ', Num**0.5)

#import math
#print(math.sqrt(4))

OUTPUT –
 PROGRAM -6

OBJECT – Write a program to Swap two numbers.

CODE –
a = int(input("Enter the First Number - "))
b = int(input("Enter the Second Number - "))
print("NUMBERS ARE ", a, b)
c=a
a=b
b=c
print("SWAPPED NUMBERS ARE ", a, b)

OUTPUT –
 PROGRAM -7

OBJECT – Write a program to check number is Even or Odd.

CODE –
Num = int(input("Enter the Number - "))
if(Num%2==0):
print(Num, "is an Even Number")
else:
print(Num, " is an Odd Number")

OUTPUT –
 PROGRAM -8

OBJECT – Write a program to find the largest among three numbers.

CODE –
a = int(input("Enter the First Number - "))
b = int(input("Enter the Second Number - "))
c = int(input("Enter the Third Number - "))
if(a>b and a>c):
print("The greatest number is ", a)
elif(b>a and b>c):
print("The greatest number is ", b)
elif(c>a and c>b):
print("The greatest number is ", c)
else:
print("All the three numbers are equal")

OUTPUT –
 PROGRAM -9

OBJECT – Write a program to print the Table of a number.

CODE –
Num = int(input("Enter the Number - "))
print("Table of ", Num)
for i in range(0,11):
print(Num, 'x', i, '=', Num*i)

OUTPUT –
 PROGRAM -10

OBJECT – Write a program to find the Sum of Natural Numbers.

CODE –
num = int(input("Enter the Number - "))
n = num*(num+1)/2
print("Sum = ", n)

if num < 0:
print("Enter a positive number")
else:
sum = 0
while(num > 0):
sum += num
num -= 1
print("The sum is", sum)

OUTPUT –
 PROGRAM -11

OBJECT – Write a program to print Prime Numbers between 900 to 1000.

CODE –
lower = 900
upper = 1000
print("PRIME NUMBERS BETWEEN", lower, "&", upper)
for i in range(lower, upper+1):
for n in range(2, i):
if(i%n==0):
break
else:
print(i)

OUTPUT –
 PROGRAM -12

OBJECT – Write a program to print Reverse String.

CODE –
#string = input("Enter the String - ")
#for word in reversed(string):
# print(word)

s=input("Enter the String - ")

def reverse(s):
str = ""
for i in s:
str = i + str
return str
print("Original String - ", s)
print("Reversed String - ", reverse(s))

OUTPUT –
 PROGRAM -13

OBJECT – Write a program to print right-angled ‘#’ Pattern.

CODE –
for i in range(0,5):
for j in range(0,i+1):
print("#", end="")
print()

OUTPUT –
 PROGRAM -14

OBJECT – Write a program to display the Fibonacci sequence upto n-th terms.

CODE –
n_terms = int(input("Enter the Number of Terms Required - "))
n1, n2 = 0, 1
c=0
if n_terms <=0:
print("INVALID!..!Please enter a positive integer!")
elif n_terms == 1:
print("FIBONACCI SERIES UPTO", n_terms, "TERM")
print(n1)
else:
print("FIBONACCI SERIES UPTO", n_terms, "TERMS")
while c < n_terms:
print(n1)
nth = n1 + n2
n1 = n2
n2 = nth
c += 1

OUTPUT –
 PROGRAM -15

OBJECT – Write a program to convert decimal into other number systems.

CODE –
dec = int(input("Enter the Decimal Value - "))
print("Binary Value = ", bin(dec))
print("Octal Value = ", oct(dec))
print("Hexadecimal Value = ", hex(dec))

OUTPUT –
 PROGRAM -16

OBJECT – Write a program to display the Calendar of the given month and year.

CODE –
import calendar
yy = int(input("Enter year - "))
mm = int(input("Enter month - "))
print(calendar.month(yy, mm))

OUTPUT –
 PROGRAM -17

OBJECT – Write a program to add two matrices using nested loop.

CODE –
X = [[12,7,3],
[4 ,5,6],
[7 ,8,9]]
Y = [[5,8,1],
[6,7,3],
[4,5,9]]
result = [[0,0,0],
[0,0,0],
[0,0,0]]
for i in range(len(X)):
for j in range(len(X[0])):
result[i][j] = X[i][j] + Y[i][j]
for r in result:
print(r)

OUTPUT –
 PROGRAM -18

OBJECT – Write a program to check Armstrong numbers in a certain interval.

CODE –
a = 100
b = 2000
print("ARMSTRONG NUMBERS between", a, "and", b, "are")
for num in range (a, b):
order = len(str(num))
sum = 0
temp = num
while (temp > 0):
digit = temp % 10
sum += digit**order
temp//=10
if (num == sum):
print(num)

OUTPUT –
 PROGRAM -19

OBJECT – Write a program to find that the number is positive or negative using ladder if-else.

CODE –
num = float(input("Enter the Number - "))
if num > 0:
print(num, "IS A POSITIVE NUMBER")
elif num == 0:
print(num, "IS A ZERO INTEGER")
else:
print(num, "IS A NEGATIVE NUMBER")

OUTPUT –
 PROGRAM -20

OBJECT – Write a program to find that the number is positive or negative using nested if-else.

CODE –
num = float(input("Enter the Number - "))
if num >= 0:
if num == 0:
print(num, "IS A ZERO INTEGER")
else:
print(num, "IS A POSITIVE NUMBER")
else:
print(num, "IS A NEGATIVE NUMBER")

OUTPUT –
 PROGRAM -21

OBJECT – Write a program to find the Factors of a number.

CODE –
def print_factors(x):
print("The Factors of", x)
for i in range(1, x+1):
if x%i == 0:
print(i)
num = int(input("Enter the Number - "))
print_factors(num)

OUTPUT –
 PROGRAM – 22

OBJECT – Write a program to make a Simple Calculator.

CODE –
# This function adds the two numbers
def add(x, y):
return x + y

# This function subtracts the two numbers

def subtract(x, y):
return x - y

# This function multiplies the two numbers

def multiply(x, y):
return x * y

# This function divides the two numbers

def divide(x, y):
return x / y

print("Select the Operation - ")

print("1. Add")
print("2. Subtract")
print("3. Multiply")
print("4. Divide")

while True:
# take input from the user
choice = input("Enter the choice(1/2/3/4): ")

# check if choice is one of the four options

if choice in ('1', '2', '3', '4'):
num1 = float(input("Enter the first number: "))
num2 = float(input("Enter the second number: "))

if choice == '1':
print(num1, "+", num2, "=", add(num1, num2))

elif choice == '2':

print(num1, "-", num2, "=", subtract(num1, num2))

elif choice == '3':

print(num1, "*", num2, "=", multiply(num1, num2))
 elif choice == '4':
print(num1, "/", num2, "=", divide(num1, num2))

# check if user wants another calculation

# break the while loop if answer is no
next_calculation = input("Let's do the next calculation? (yes/no): ")
if next_calculation == "no":
break

else:
print("Invalid Input")

OUTPUT –
 PROGRAM – 23

OBJECT – Write a program to find the L.C.M. of two input numbers.

CODE –
def compute_lcm(x, y):

# choose the greater number

if x > y:
greater = x
else:
greater = y

while(True):
if((greater % x == 0) and (greater % y == 0)):
lcm = greater
break
greater += 1

return lcm

num1 = int(input("Enter the First Number - "))

num2 = int(input("Enter the Second Number - "))

print("The L.C.M. of", num1, "and", num2, "is", compute_lcm(num1, num2))

OUTPUT –
 PROGRAM – 24

OBJECT – Write a program to display the powers of 2 using anonymous function.

CODE –
terms = int(input("How many number of terms? - "))

# use anonymous function

result = list(map(lambda x: 2 ** x, range(terms)))

print("The total number of terms are - ", terms)

for i in range(terms):
print("2 raised to power",i,"is",result[i])

OUTPUT –
 PROGRAM – 25

OBJECT – Write a program to display the Fibonacci sequence using Recursion.

CODE –
def recur_fibo(n):
if n <= 1:
return n
else:
return(recur_fibo(n-1) + recur_fibo(n-2))

nterms = int(input("Enter the number of terms - "))

# check if the number of terms is valid

if nterms <= 0:
print("INVALID!!..Plese enter a positive integer")
else:
print("Fibonacci sequence: ")
for i in range(nterms):
print(recur_fibo(i))

OUTPUT –
 PROGRAM – 26

OBJECT – Write a program to transpose a matrix using a nested loop.

CODE –
X = [[1,2,3],
[4 ,5,6],
[7 ,8,9]]
print("The Matrix X is ", X)
result = [[0,0,0],
[0,0,0],
[0,0,0]]
for i in range(len(X)):
for j in range(len(X[0])):
result[j][i] = X[i][j]
print("The Transpose of Matrix X is ")
for r in result:
print(r)

OUTPUT –
 PROGRAM – 27

OBJECT – Write a program to sort alphabetically the words from a string provided by the user.

CODE –
#my_str = "Hello this Is an Example With cased letters"
# To take input from the user
my_str = input("Enter a String - ")

# breakdown the string into a list of words

words = [word.lower() for word in my_str.split()]

# sort the list

words.sort()

# display the sorted words

print("The sorted words are:")
for word in words:
print(word)

OUTPUT –
 PROGRAM – 28

OBJECT – Write a program to find the Sum of Natural Numbers using Recursion.

CODE –
def recur_sum(n):
if n <= 1:
return n
else:
return n + recur_sum(n-1)

# change this value for a different result

num = int(input("Enter the Number - "))

if num < 0:
print("Enter a positive number")
else:
print("The sum is",recur_sum(num))

OUTPUT –
 PROGRAM – 29

OBJECT – Write a program to find the Factorial of a Number using Recursion.

CODE –
def recur_factorial(n):
if n == 1:
return n
else:
return n*recur_factorial(n-1)

num = int(input("Enter the Number - "))

# check if the number is negative
if num < 0:
print("Sorry, factorial does not exist for negative numbers")
elif num == 0:
print("The factorial of 0 is 1")
else:
print("The factorial of", num, "is", recur_factorial(num))

OUTPUT –
 PROGRAM – 30

OBJECT – Write a program to print Binary Number using Recursion.

CODE –
def convertToBinary(n):
if n > 1:
convertToBinary(n//2)
print(n % 2,end = '')

dec = int(input("Enter the Decimal Value - "))

print("Binary Value = ") convertToBinary(dec)

OUTPUT –
 PROGRAM – 31

OBJECT – Write a program to remove Punctuations from a String.

CODE –
# define punctuation
punctuations = '''!()-[]{};:'"\,<>./?@#$%^&*_~'''

# my_string = "Hello!!!, he said ---and went."

# To take input from the user

my_string = input("Enter the string: ")

# remove punctuation from the string

no_punctuation = ""
for char in my_string:
if char not in punctuations:
no_punctuation = no_punctuation + char

# display the unpunctuated string

print(no_punctuation)

OUTPUT –
 PROGRAM – 32

OBJECT – Write a program to check if the two strings are Anagram.

CODE –
# str1 = "Race"
# str2 = "Care"
# input from the user
str1 = input("Enter the first string: ")
str2 = input("Enter the second string: ")

# convert both the strings into lowercase

str1 = str1.lower()
str2 = str2.lower()

# check if length is same

if(len(str1) == len(str2)):

# sort the strings

sorted_str1 = sorted(str1)
sorted_str2 = sorted(str2)

# if sorted char arrays are same

if(sorted_str1 == sorted_str2):
print(str1 + " and " + str2 + " are anagram.")
else:
print(str1 + " and " + str2 + " are not anagram.")

OUTPUT –
 PROGRAM – 33

OBJECT – Write a program to use a Global Variable in Nested Function.

CODE –
def foo():
x = 20

def bar():
global x
x = 25

print("Value of x before calling bar - ", x)

print("Now, on calling bar")
bar()
print("Value of x after calling bar - ", x)

foo()
print("Value of x in main - ", x)

OUTPUT –
OBJECT – Write a program to import a module.

CODE –
# import statement example to import standard module math

import math
print("(Importing Module) The value of pi = ", math.pi)

# import module by renaming it

import math as m
print("(Importing & Renaming Module) The value of pi = ", m.pi)

OUTPUT –
 PROGRAM – 35

OBJECT – Write a program to count the number of each vowel.

CODE –
# string of vowels
vowels = 'aeiou'

ip_str = input("Enter the String - ")

# ip_str = 'Hello, My name is Ojasvi Chaplot'

# make it suitable for caseless comparisions

ip_str = ip_str.casefold()

# make a dictionary with each vowel a key and value 0

count = {}.fromkeys(vowels,0)

# count the vowels

for char in ip_str:
if char in count:
count[char] += 1

print(count)

OUTPUT –
 PROGRAM – 36

OBJECT – Write a program to mail merge.

CODE –
# Names are in the file names.txt
# Body of the mail is in body.txt

# open names.txt for reading

with open("names.txt", 'r', encoding='utf-8') as names_file:

# open body.txt for reading

with open("body.txt", 'r', encoding='utf-8') as body_file:

# read entire content of the body

body = body_file.read()

# iterate over names

for name in names_file:
mail = "Hello " + name.strip() + "\n" + body

# write the mails to individual files

with open(name.strip()+".txt", 'w', encoding='utf-8') as mail_file:
mail_file.write(mail)

OUTPUT –
 PROGRAM – 37

OBJECT – Write a program to find the Size (Resolution) of an Image.

CODE –
def jpeg_res(filename):
""""This function prints the resolution of the jpeg image file passed into it"""

# open image for reading in binary mode

with open(filename,'rb') as img_file:

# height of image (in 2 bytes) is at 164th position

img_file.seek(1050)

# read the 2 bytes

a = img_file.read(2)

# calculate height
height = (a[0] << 8) + a[1]

# next 2 bytes is width

a = img_file.read(2)

# calculate width
width = (a[0] << 8) + a[1]

print("The resolution of the image is",width,"x",height)

jpeg_res("Clouds.jpg")

OUTPUT –
 PROGRAM – 38

OBJECT – Write a program to catch Multiple Exceptions as a Parenthesized Tuple (in one line).

CODE –

string = input()
try:
num = int(input())
print(string+num)
except (TypeError, ValueError) as e:
print(e)

OUTPUT –
 PROGRAM – 39

OBJECT – Write a program to Split a List into Evenly Sized Chunks.

CODE –
def split(list_a, chunk_size):

for i in range(0, len(list_a), chunk_size):

yield list_a[i:i + chunk_size]

# chunk_size = 2
chunk_size = int(input("Enter the Chunk Size - "))
# my_list = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
my_list = []
n = int(input("Enter the number of elements in the List - "))
for i in range(0, n):
element = int(input("Enter the elements - "))
my_list.append(element)
print(list(split(my_list, chunk_size)))

OUTPUT –
 PROGRAM – 40

OBJECT – Write a program to find the Hash of a File & display it.

CODE –
# Python program to find the SHA-1 message digest of a file

# importing the hashlib module

import hashlib

def hash_file(filename):
""""This function returns the SHA-1 hash
of the file passed into it"""

# make a hash object

h = hashlib.sha1()

# open file for reading in binary mode

with open(filename,'rb') as file:

# loop till the end of the file

chunk = 0
while chunk != b'':
# read only 1024 bytes at a time
chunk = file.read(1024)
h.update(chunk)

# return the hex representation of digest

return h.hexdigest()

message = hash_file("joy-of-travel-6671.mp3")
print(message)

OUTPUT –
 PROGRAM – 41

OBJECT – Write a program to return Multiple Values from a Function.

CODE –
# Return values using comma
print("Return Values Using Comma")
def name():
return "Ojasvi","Jarvis"

# print the tuple with the returned values

print(name())

# get the individual items

name_1, name_2 = name()
print(name_1, name_2)

# Using a Dictionary
print("Return Values Using a Dictionary")
def name():
n1 = "Ojasvi"
n2 = "Jarvis"

return {1:n1, 2:n2}

names = name()
print(names)

OUTPUT –
 PROGRAM – 42

OBJECT – Write a program for Catching Exceptions in Python.

CODE –
# import module sys to get the type of exception
import sys

randomList = ['a', 0, 2]

for entry in randomList:

try:
print("The entry is", entry)
r = 1/int(entry)
break
except:
print("Oops!", sys.exc_info()[0], "occurred.")
print("Next entry.")
print()
print("The reciprocal of", entry, "is", r)

OUTPUT –