Student Review
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GRADE 7 – SCIENCE
THE FIRST ACADEMY SCHOOL
Thermal Expansion and Contraction page 36
Summary: According to Charles's Law, temperature and volume are
directly proportional.
❑- Thermal expansion occurs when materials increase in volume with
heat.
❑- Thermal contraction happens when materials decrease in volume
with cooling.
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Charles's Law 👀
Charles's Law explains how the volume of a gas changes with
temperature when the pressure is constant. According to this law, if
the temperature of a gas increases, the volume also increases. If the
temperature decreases, the volume decreases. This happens because
gas molecules move faster when heated, spreading out more and
increasing the space (volume) they take up.
Thermal Expansion and Contraction of Gases👀
When gases are heated, their particles gain energy and move more
quickly, causing the gas to expand. This is called thermal expansion.
On the other hand, when gases are cooled, their particles slow down,
taking up less space, which is called thermal contraction. Both of
these processes occur without a change in the amount of gas or its
pressure.
Reference: Book Pages 43-48-49
Pressure: Is the amount of force per unit area exerted on the object’s
surface.
❑In a closed container, the pressure is affected by the
motion of the molecules. The faster the collision of
particles, the greater is the pressure.
❑The kinetic energy of particles decreases, the
particles get closer and the substance becomes
liquid.
Reference: Book Pages 52, 54
Reference: Book Pages 62, 66, 69, 71
Reference: Book Pages 69, 71
Properties of Matter: Book pages 116,117,
Properties of Matter: Book pages 116,117,
Physical Properties
Physical properties are characteristics of a material that can be observed
or measured without changing the substance itself. Examples include
color, density, melting point, and boiling point. For example, gold is yellow
in color, soft, and has a high density.
Mass
Mass is the amount of matter in a substance. It doesn’t change regardless
of where the substance is located. For example, a 1 kg block of gold will
have the same mass whether it is on Earth or on the moon.
Mass vs. Weight
• Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object.
• Weight is the force exerted on an object due to gravity. It depends on
both the mass of the object and the gravitational pull on it.
• Volume is the space an object takes up. Example: volume of a regular object
(cube), liquid substances (Liters/mL).
Properties of Matter: Book page 123
This question is on page 123. How do we choose
the greater than, less than, or equal sign?
First, we look at the volume of the two materials,
X and Y, and then we examine the number of
particles inside each material. We analyze the
information as follows:
- Mass: depends on the number of particles in
each material, with the one having more particles
having a greater mass.
- Volume: refers to the size of the square frame
for the shapes.
- Density: is determined by the number of
particles and the distance between them; if there
are many particles and the distance between
them is small, it will have the higher density.
Density page 122, 125
❑Definition: Density is mass per unit volume.
❑- Formula: Density = Mass ÷ Volume (Unit: g/cm³)
Mass of wooden cube: 200 grams
Volume of wood; Length x width x height
Multiply: (LXWXH)
Length ____6________ cm
Width ____2_________ cm
Height _____3________ cm
Volume of wood : ____36________ cm3
Density : mass / volume ( mass divide by volume)
Density: 200 grams ÷ 36 cm3
Answer: 5.56/cm3
Properties of Matter: Book pages 128, 131
Properties of Matter: Book page 135
Chemical Properties of Matter pages 128
❑ Flammability: A chemical reaction that releases heat and light (e.g.,
burning wood).
❑Oxidation: Reaction where a substance combines with oxygen (e.g.,
rusting of iron).
❑Chemical Reaction: A process in which substances change into new
ones (e.g., vinegar and baking soda).
❑Conductivity: The ability of a material to conduct electricity (e.g.,
metals like copper).
❑- Solubility: The ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent (e.g., salt
in water).
❑- Boiling Point: The temperature at which a liquid becomes gas (e.g.,
100°C for water).
Chemical Properties of Matter page 144
❑Signs of Chemical Change
❑Change in color
❑Change in energy
(Presence of light, sound,
heat, released or absorbed)
❑Formation of new
material/substance
❑Formation of gas(bubbles
or fizzing)
❑Formation of precipitate
Chemical Properties of Matter pages 144, 148
Chemical Properties of Matter pages 155
