NSCA CSCS 2025 Exam Guide | Updated, Instructor-Approved
Questions and Answers | Complete Strength and Conditioning
Coach Certification Review
The pelvis is located _______________ to the patella. - ANSW✔️-superior
Which of the following is the smallest contractile unit of skeletal muscle?
myosin
epimysium
sarcolemma
sarcomere - ANSW✔️-sarcomere
Which of the following describes Type I muscle fibers?
rapid force development capabilities
fatigue resistant with high aerobic energy supply
inefficient and easily fatigable
high myosin ATPase activity - ANSW✔️-fatigue resistant with high aerobic energy supply
Which of the following describes the flow of blood? - ANSW✔️-right atrium, right ventricle, lungs, left
atrium, left ventricle, body
On average, how many times per minute does the SA node discharge at rest? - ANSW✔️-60-80
Which of the following are the two main divisions of the skeletal system? - ANSW✔️-appendicular and
axial
Some of the highest bone mineral densities have been seen in which of the following types of athletes? -
ANSW✔️-gymnasts
What joint comprises the ankle and wrist joints? - ANSW✔️-biaxial
Which of the following is the order of the phases of a muscle contraction? - ANSW✔️-resting,
excitation-contraction coupling, contraction, recharge, relaxation
The chronotropic effect is caused by stimulation of the _______________ nervous system and causes
the heart rate to _______________. - ANSW✔️-sympathetic; increase
Which of the following substances regulates muscle actions? - ANSW✔️-Calcium
Which of the following substances acts as the neuromuscular junction to excite the muscle fibers of a
motor unit? - ANSW✔️-Acetylcholine
When throwing a baseball, an athlete's arm is rapidly stretched just before throwing the ball. Which of
the following structures detects and responds to that stretch by reflexively increasing muscle activity? -
ANSW✔️-Muscle Spindle
From which of the following is the heart's electrical impulse normally initiated? - ANSW✔️-SA node
Which of the following occurs during the QRS complex of a typical ECG?
Depolarization of the Atrium
Repolarization of the Atrium
Repolarization of the Ventricle
Depolarization of the Ventricle - ANSW✔️-Depolarization of the Atrium
Repolarization of the Ventricle
The Krebs cycle occurs in which portion of the cell? - ANSW✔️-mitochondria
The law of mass action states which of the following?
The rate of product formation is greatly influenced by the concentrations of the reactants.
The concentrations of reactants or products will drive the direction of the reactions.
A stronger action potential cannot produce a stronger contraction.
The weight or mass of an object creates a stronger action potential. - ANSW✔️-The concentrations of
reactants or products will drive the direction of the reactions.
An aerobic endurance athlete is trying to give himself a competitive edge over his opponents. To
improve his lactate threshold, what type of training should he engage in, and in what direction would
this shift his threshold? - ANSW✔️-high intensity; shifts to the right
Two athletes are competing in upcoming competitions, a weightlifting meet and a marathon. Which
energy systems will each be primarily using, respectively? - ANSW✔️-phosphagen and oxidative
Which of the following describes the portion of the total energy cost of exercise that must be supplied
through anaerobic mechanisms due to the slow response of the aerobic system to the initial increase in
the demand for energy?
oxygen deficit
EPOC
oxygen debt
recovery O2 - ANSW✔️-oxygen deficit
The excess postexercise oxygen consumption experienced by athletes is caused by all of the following
EXCEPT
decreases in body temperature
increased protein turnover
ATP-CP resynthesis
changes in energy efficiency during recovery - ANSW✔️-decreases in body temperature
If an athlete completes a maximum sprint interval in 10 seconds as part of an interval training workout,
which of the following is a recommended length of the rest period before the next sprint? - ANSW✔️-2
minutes
During higher-intensity exercises, athletes often experience peripheral fatigue. Which of the following is
believed to be the reason for this type of fatigue?
lactate
gluconeogenesis
increase in muscle pH
metabolic acidosis - ANSW✔️-metabolic acidosis
An athlete is used to performing high-intensity aerobic exercise (90% VO2max); however, she will now
be changing to longer-duration, submaximal exercise on a regular basis. This change in training strategy
will typically result in what changes concerning energy supply? - ANSW✔️-transition from almost
exclusively carbohydrate to mostly fat
Which of the following is a branched-chain amino acid?
glutamate
alanine
aspartate
isoleucine - ANSW✔️-isoleucine
Which of the following substances can be metabolized anaerobically?
Glycerol
Amino Acids
Glucose
Nitrogen - ANSW✔️-Glucose
Which of the following reactions is the primary cause of metabolic acidosis (i.e., the decrease in
intramuscular pH during high- intensity, fatiguing exercise)?
fructose -6- phosphate → fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate
none of the other answers are correct
ATP → ADP + Pi + H+
ADP + creatine phosphate → ATP + creatine - ANSW✔️-ATP → ADP + Pi + H+
Which of the following energy systems produces ATP at the quickest rate?
Oxidative Metabolism
Fast Glycolysis
Phosphagen
Aerobic Glycolysis - ANSW✔️-Phosphagen
Approximately how many net ATP are produced via the oxidative energy system from the metabolism of
one glucose molecule? - ANSW✔️-38
Which of the following describes the change in responsiveness of a receptor to insulin? - ANSW✔️-
downregulation
All of the following hormones use a second messenger to cause effects in the body EXCEPT
serotonin
norepinephrine
insulin
cortisol - ANSW✔️-cortisol
An athlete just completed a resistance training workout. All of the following are factors that influence
the magnitude of the postworkout hormonal response EXCEPT
amount of effort the athlete gave during the workout
extent of structural remodeling the athlete's body requires from the workout
quantity of muscle tissue stimulated by the workout
degree of connective tissue repair needed after the workout - ANSW✔️-amount of effort the athlete
gave during the workout
All of the following are adaptations of the endocrine system to resistance training EXCEPT
amount of hormone synthesis
number of receptors in muscle tissue
time needed for hormone clearance through the liver
type of hormones released - ANSW✔️-type of hormones released
Serum levels of which of the following hormones will increase as a result of performing a resistance
training workout that involves large muscle group exercises with loads 85-95% of 1RM and 30- to 60-
second rest periods in athletes with two or more years of resistance training experience? - ANSW✔️-
testosterone
Polypeptide hormones are made of chains of which of the following substances? - ANSW✔️-amino
acids
If the stress of a training session is too great, which of the following is true?
anabolic reactions > catabolic reactions in the muscle
anabolic reactions = catabolic reactions in the muscle
anabolic reactions < catabolic reactions in the muscle
anabolic reactions > catabolic reactions in the whole body - ANSW✔️-anabolic reactions < catabolic
reactions in the muscle
When one examines the effects of a resistance training program via peripheral blood hormone levels,
which of the following is false?
Higher blood hormone levels do not indicate the status of receptor populations.
Increases in circulatory concentrations mean an increase in hormone release if plasma volume stays
constant.
Increases in peripheral hormones must be bound to a receptor in order to be realized.
Correct! Higher blood hormone levels do not indicate higher receptor interaction probability. -
ANSW✔️-Higher blood hormone levels do not indicate higher receptor interaction probability.
Which of the following is a physiological role of growth hormone and its superfamily?
decreased lipolysis
increased immune cell function
decreased protein synthesis
increased glycogen synthesis - ANSW✔️-increased immune cell function
Which of the following substances is an important biomarker for health and performance?
cortisol superfamily
IGF superfamily
catecholamines
sex hormone-binding globulins - ANSW✔️-IGF superfamily
After a bout of resistance training, acute hormonal secretions provide all of the following information to
the body EXCEPT
Metabolic demands of exercise
Amount of physiological stress
Energy expended
Amount of physiological stress - ANSW✔️-energy expended
Which of the following hormones enhance(s) muscle tissue growth?
growth hormone
cortisol
IGF- I
progesterone - ANSW✔️-growth hormone
IGF- I
Which of the following is NOT a function of growth hormone?
Increase amino acid transport
Increase amino acid transportation
Decrease collagen synthesis
Increase lypolysis - ANSW✔️-Increase lypolysis
Which of the following hormones has the greatest influence on neural changes? - ANSW✔️-
Testosterone
What type of resistance training workout promotes the highest growth hormone increases following the
exercise session?
Rest - Volume - Sets - ANSW✔️-30 sec. - High - 3
Two individuals of the same body mass are lifting weights. Assuming all other factors to be equal, the
person with tendons inserted on the bone _______________ the joint center should be able to lift
_______________ weight. - ANSW✔️-farther from; a heavier
Which anatomical plane divides the body into left and right sections? - ANSW✔️-sagittal
An athlete in the weight room is performing the barbell bench press. If he moves a mass of 75 kg with an
acceleration of 2 m/s², what force is he exerting? - ANSW✔️-150 N
Neural control affects the maximal force output of a muscle by determining which and how many motor
units are involved in a muscle contraction and the rate at which the motor units are fired. These two
factors are known as what, respectively? - ANSW✔️-recruitment; rate coding
All of the following are considered to be advantages when using weight-stack machines EXCEPT
simulates real-life activities
design flexibility
reduced likelihood of injury
easy to use - ANSW✔️-simulates real-life activities
Which of the following is the resistive force encountered when one attempts to move an object while it
is pressed against another object? - ANSW✔️-friction
Eighty-five to ninety percent of all intervertebral disk herniations occur at what two locations? -
ANSW✔️-L4-L5 and L5-S1
An athlete produced 840 watts of power in 0.6 seconds. How much work did this individual perform
during the exercise? - ANSW✔️-504 J
Which of the muscles or muscle groups have a fusiform pennation? - ANSW✔️-biceps brachii
As an athlete's body size increases, which of the following describes how body mass and muscular
strength change?
Muscular strength increases more rapidly than body mass.
Body mass increases more rapidly than muscular strength.
None of the other answers is correct
Muscular strength and body mass increase at the same rate. - ANSW✔️-Body mass increases more
rapidly than muscular strength.
What does the term impulse refer to? - ANSW✔️-The relationship between force and time
Elite sprinters produce _____ forces in a _____ ground contact time compared to novice. - ANSW✔️-
Larger, shorter
Which of the following is the definition of power? - ANSW✔️-Force x Velocity
To compare performances of Olympic weightlifters of different body weights, the classic formula divides
the load lifted by the athletes - ANSW✔️-Body weight to two-thirds power
During a free weight exercise, muscle force varies with which of the following?
Perpendicular distance from the weight of the body joint
Joint angle
Movement acceleration
Movement velocity squared - ANSW✔️-Perpendicular distance from the weight of the body joint
Joint angle
Movement velocity squared
A vertical jump involves knee, hip, and shoulder movement primarily in which of the following
anatomical planes? - ANSW✔️-Sagittal
Which of the following are primary neural adaptations to anaerobic training?
decreased neuromuscular junction size and increased firing rates
lowered EMG at maximal force output and decreased reflex potentiation
decreased firing rates and alterations to selective recruitment
increased neural drive and reductions in inhibitory mechanisms - ANSW✔️-increased neural drive and
reductions in inhibitory mechanisms
_______________ is the enlargement of muscle fiber cross-sectional area, and _______________ is the
increase in the number of muscle fibers via longitudinal fiber splitting. - ANSW✔️-Hypertrophy;
hyperplasia
Which of the following have been observed in men in elevated concentrations up to 30 minutes after a
resistance training workout? - ANSW✔️-testosterone, growth hormone, and cortisol
As an adaptation to anaerobic training, which of the following is the benefit of the myotatic reflex
harnessing the involuntary elastic properties of muscle? - ANSW✔️-increased force production
As an adaptation to resistance training, which of the following is a beneficial change in pennated
muscles? - ANSW✔️-increased fascicle length
Minimal essential strain is the minimal threshold stimulus needed to cause which of the following
changes? - ANSW✔️-bone formation
Which of the following is an adaptation in tendons from high-intensity anaerobic training?
decreased number of collagen fibrils
increased packing density of collagen fibrils
increased capillary density
decreased collagen fibril diameter - ANSW✔️-increased packing density of collagen fibrils
All of the following factors affect the degree to which blood flow is increased in the working muscles
during anaerobic training EXCEPT
amount of load lifted
size of the muscle mass activated
resting heart rate of the athlete
number of repetitions performed - ANSW✔️-resting heart rate of the athlete
An athlete has spent the last four resistance training sessions overworking his body. He is hoping to see
a substantial increase in performance after a week of active rest. Which of the following describes his
current condition?
overtraining syndrome
parasympathetic overtraining
prolonged maladaptation
functional overreaching - ANSW✔️-functional overreaching
Which of the following is a symptom specific to nonfunctional overreaching?
altered sympathetic activity
decreased muscle glycogen
altered neuron function
decreased force production - ANSW✔️-decreased muscle glycogen
A 17-year-old high school cross-country runner has been training aerobically for six months in
preparation for the upcoming season. Which of the following adaptations will occur in the muscle during
that time? - ANSW✔️-Hypertrophy of type I fibers
The amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle during each beat is the - ANSW✔️-Stroke volume
Which of the following does NOT normally increase during an aerobic exercise session?
Cardiac contractility
End diastolic volume
Diastolic blood pressure
Cardiac output - ANSW✔️-Diastolic blood pressure
The mean arterial pressure is defined as the - ANSW✔️-Average blood pressure throughout the cardiac
cycle
Stroke volume is regulated by which of the following mechanisms? - ANSW✔️-end-diastolic volume and
catecholamines
Which of the following is an effect of the Frank-Starling mechanism?
decreased stretch of the myocardial fibers
increased parasympathetic stimulation
decreased volume of systolic ejection
increased cardiac emptying - ANSW✔️-increased cardiac emptying
Which of the following is the standard deviation of the 220 - age in years equation to estimate maximal
heart rate? - ANSW✔️-±10 to 12 beats/min
What is the MET equivalent of a of 55.0 ml·kg-1·min-1? - ANSW✔️-15.7
Which of the following areas of the pulmonary system is not functional for gas exchange in healthy
athletes? - ANSW✔️-anatomical dead space
Which of the following physiological characteristics decreases as an adaptation to aerobic endurance
training? - ANSW✔️-resting cardiac output
Which of the following are the immediate physiological adjustments to elevation (>3,900 ft [1,200 m])? -
ANSW✔️-hyperventilation and increased cardiac output
Which of the following is a potential marker of aerobic overtraining?
increased body fat percentage
decreased submaximal exercise heart rate
increased heart rate variability
decreased total testosterone concentration - ANSW✔️-decreased total testosterone concentration
All of the following are reasons why maximal aerobic power decreases with age EXCEPT
lowered incidence of sarcopenia
decreased muscle mass
reduced muscle strength
increased fat mass - ANSW✔️-lowered incidence of sarcopenia
Which of the following explains the differences in aerobic power between men and women who are
matched by age?
Men have a smaller blood volume.
Women have a higher percentage of body fat.
Men have a smaller heart size.
Women have higher blood hemoglobin values. - ANSW✔️-Women have a higher percentage of body
fat.
An 8-year-old boy dramatically increased his upper body strength after following a six-month resistance
training program. Which of the following is MOST likely responsible for this gain? - ANSW✔️-Improved
neuromuscular functioning
Growth cartilage in children is located at all the following EXCEPT
Diaphysis
Joint surface
Epiphyseal plate
Apophyseal insertion - ANSW✔️-Diaphysis
The condition characterized by a bone mineral density more than 2.5 SD below the young adult mean is
called - ANSW✔️-Osteoporosis
Which of the following should be evaluated FIRST when one is designing a training program for a 68-
year-old competitive female tennis player?
Cardiovascular fitness
Balance and agility
Medical history
Lower body strength - ANSW✔️-Medical History
A strength and conditioning professional is training two 16-year-old males; one has developed facial hair
and a deepened voice, while the other has not. Which of the following is the most effective indicator of
their physical maturation level?
chronological age
emotional maturity
skeletal age
exercise readiness - ANSW✔️-skeletal age
As boys grow, they become taller and gain body mass. During this time, muscle changes as well, first in
_______________ and second in _______________. - ANSW✔️-mass; high-level force production
Which of the following types of body proportions is characterized by a rounder body with broader hips?
- ANSW✔️-endomorph
Which of the following is the primary mechanism leading to strength gains in preadolescents?
hyperplasia
circulating hormones (testosterone and growth hormone)
neural factors (motor unit activation and synchronization)
hypertrophy - ANSW✔️-neural factors (motor unit activation and synchronization)
All of the following are benefits of resistance training in youth EXCEPT
decreased body fat
increased motor skills
increased cardiac function
decreased insulin sensitivity - ANSW✔️-decreased insulin sensitivity
When comparing males and females, which of the following is true regarding strength and power
capabilities?
When strength is expressed relative to muscle cross-sectional area, no significant difference exists
between sexes.
When expressed relative to body weight, the upper body strength of women is similar to that of men.
Absolute upper body strength of women is generally closer to male values as compared to the absolute
values for lower body strength.
Women's absolute power output is about 63% of men's power output. - ANSW✔️-When strength is
expressed relative to muscle cross-sectional area, no significant difference exists between sexes.
The female athlete triad is the interrelationship between what three factors? - ANSW✔️-energy
availability, menstrual function, bone mineral density
Which of the following is generally discouraged in older adults, due to the sudden rise in blood pressure
it can create? - ANSW✔️-Valsalva maneuver
Sarcopenia is associated with all of the following changes due to advancing age EXCEPT
reduced tendon compliance
denervation of muscle fibers
diminished ability to produce force rapidly
decreased axial skeletal height - ANSW✔️-decreased axial skeletal height
Joint laxity, skill level, limb alignment, and neuromuscular deficiency are all thought to be factors in the
occurrence of what common injury? - ANSW✔️-anterior cruciate ligament tear
An Olympic weightlifter attempting a personal record is able to ignore the audience to concentrate
solely on her performance. Which of the following abilities is this athlete most likely using to perform
the exercise? - ANSW✔️-Selective attention
An athlete's desire to perform to his or her potential is an example of - ANSW✔️-Achievement
motivation
For a high school American football team, if any player squats two times his body weight, his name is
placed on the wall. This is an example - ANSW✔️-positive reinforcement
How does an athlete's optimal level of arousal change with limited skill and ability to perform the
activity? - ANSW✔️-it decreases
All of the following describe the ideal performance state EXCEPT
narrow focus of attention
strong sense of personal control
distortion of time and space
effective analysis of the performance - ANSW✔️-effective analysis of the performance
______ anxiety is the actual experience of apprehension and uncontrolled arousal and ______ anxiety is
a personality characteristic, which represents a latent disposition to perceive situations as threatening. -
ANSW✔️-State, trait
According to Hull's drive theory, which of the following factors affect an athlete's level of arousal and,
consequently, the athlete's performance? - ANSW✔️-skill level, task complexity
Which of the following describes how the individual zones of optimal functioning theory differs from the
inverted-U theory? - ANSW✔️-Ideal performance does not always occur at the midpoint of the arousal
continuum.
A coach informs his athletes that at the beginning of the competitive season he will be testing the back
squat 1RM on all athletes and he hopes to see at least a 5% improvement for each team member.
Shelby is excited by this new goal and the chance to evaluate her abilities. She likely is experiencing
what type of motivation? - ANSW✔️-motive to achieve success
Which of the following is a relaxation technique that has been shown to be useful in injured and older
athletes?
progressive muscular relaxation
counterconditioning
autogenic training
systematic desensitization - ANSW✔️-autogenic training
Winning is typically the primary focus of what type of goal? - ANSW✔️-outcome goal
What are the five main primary methods of incorporating a practice structure and schedule into an
athlete's program? - ANSW✔️-whole, part, random, variable, observational
_______ feedback is provided to the athlete by the athlete from the senses, while _______ feedback is
provided to the athlete by an observer or other external source. - ANSW✔️-Intrinsic, augmented
A coach informs the team running a 40-yard (37 m) sprint that she would like everyone to complete the
first trial in under 4.8 seconds. This coach is providing what kind of feedback to her athletes? -
ANSW✔️-knowledge of results
The primary macronutrient that is addressed in the pre-competition meal is - ANSW✔️-Carbs
Which of the following makes the GREATEST contribution to total energy expenditure? - ANSW✔️-
Resting metabolic rate
When an eating disorder is suspected, the strength and conditioning professional should - ANSW✔️-
Encourage further assessment by an eating disorder specialist
Which of the following is characteristic of anorexia nervosa?
Normal body weight
Very low dietary fat intake
Preoccupation with food
Secretive eating - ANSW✔️-Preoccupation with food
An aerobic endurance athlete is planning a precompetition meal. If she is able to eat 2.5 hours before
her event, what is the recommended amount of carbohydrate to consume if she weighs 110 pounds (50
kg)? - ANSW✔️-50g
If an adult athlete is training to increase muscle hypertrophy, which of the following is a primary
nutrition recommendation?
Consume 25 g of high-glycemic carbohydrate immediately after exercise.
Consume 20 g of high-quality, high-leucine protein every 3 to 4 hours.
Consume 65 g of high-glycemic carbohydrate every 3 to 4 hours.
Consume 10 g of high-quality, high-leucine protein immediately after exercise. - ANSW✔️-Consume 20
g of high-quality, high-leucine protein every 3 to 4 hours.
If an athlete weighs 158 pounds (72 kg) and is 5 feet, 7 inches (170 cm) tall, what is the athlete's BMI? -
ANSW✔️-24.7 kg/m²
An athlete is complaining that he is suffering from constipation and frequently feels cold. Coaches have
also noticed his skin has a slight yellow tint with dry patches. Which of the following conditions should
the strength and conditioning professional suspect?
bulimia nervosa
pica
anorexia nervosa
binge eating - ANSW✔️-anorexia nervosa
Which of the following is the main challenge with carbohydrate loading in females?
a greater capacity to store glycogen
an insufficient overall caloric intake
the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle
a reduced preference for carbohydrate foods - ANSW✔️-an insufficient overall caloric intake
An individual often eats his meals alone, is overweight, and seems to eat large amounts of food even
when not very hungry. Which of the following conditions should the strength and conditioning
professional suspect?
bulimia nervosa
binge eating
pica
anorexia nervosa - ANSW✔️-binge eating
All of the following are characteristics of sports with an increased prevalence of disordered eating and
eating disorders EXCEPT
emphasis on aesthetics
emphasis on leanness
involvement of weight classes
involvement of a strength component - ANSW✔️-involvement of a strength component
Which of the following contributes the most to total energy expenditure?
basal metabolic rate
exercise
diet-induced thermogenesis
fat mass - ANSW✔️-basal metabolic rate
Which of the following are the appropriate fluid intake recommendations during practice and
competition for children weighing 40 kg (88 pounds), even if they do not feel thirsty?
9 ounces (256 ml) every 20 minutes
9 ounces (256 ml) every 40 minutes
5 ounces (148 ml) every 20 minutes
5 ounces (148 ml) every 40 minutes - ANSW✔️-5 ounces (148 ml) every 20 minutes
All of the following are factors that may affect the amount of muscle damage experienced by athletes in
high-intensity intermittent sports EXCEPT
body size of the athlete
endurance capabilities of the athlete
duration of the workout
intensity of the workout - ANSW✔️-endurance capabilities of the athlete
Which of the following dietary supplements is (are) considered a stimulant?
creatine
caffeine
HMB
citrus aurantium - ANSW✔️-caffeine and citrus aurantium
Which of the following is NOT part of caffeine's role in improving athletic performance?
Increased power production
Decreased urine production
Increased fat oxidation
Decreased glycogen depletion - ANSW✔️-Decreased urine production
Which of the following is the BEST reason for aerobic endurance athletes to avoid erythropoietin use?
Hematocrit and hemoglobin levels may decrease
Resistance to infectious disease may be impaired
It may reduce the ability of the blood to carry oxygen
It may cause an unregulated increase in red blood cell product - ANSW✔️-It may cause an unregulated
increase in red blood cell product
Creatine supplementation improves all of the following variables EXCEPT
Maximal strength
Lean body mass
Endurance performance
Power - ANSW✔️-Endurance performance
All of the following are typical patterns for the usage of steroids EXCEPT
augmented
step-up pattern
stacking
cyclic pattern - ANSW✔️-augmented
Which of the following is the term for hormone precursors that are theorized to increase the body's
ability to produce a given specific hormone?
prohormones
prior hormones
HCG
testosterone - ANSW✔️-prohormones
Acromegaly, a disfiguring disease characterized by a widening of the bones, arthritis, organ
enlargement, and metabolic abnormalities, is a risk factor for athletes who use which of the following as
an ergogenic aid? - ANSW✔️-HGH
An athlete who is an archer is struggling with anxiety prior to his performance, which is also causing his
hands and body to shake. Which of the following would be the most ideal ergogenic aid to help him with
these issues? - ANSW✔️-beta blockers
An athlete has been taking a supplement for roughly 40 days. He has seen an increase in his squat 1RM,
body weight, and vertical jump height. Which of the following is he most likely supplementing with? -
ANSW✔️-creatine
A marathon runner is looking to improve her time to fatigue and ability to run longer distances. A
combination of which supplements would best help her to achieve these goals? - ANSW✔️-caffeine,
citrus aurantium, and erythropoietin
Beta-blockers are associated with which of the following ergolytic effects? - ANSW✔️-decreased
oxygen consumption
The muscle buffering capacity relates to an athlete's ability to - ANSW✔️-regulate H+ concentrations
Which of the following substances should the strength and conditioning professional suspect an athlete
is taking if the athlete is experiencing tremors, dizziness, heart palpitations, and insomnia? - ANSW✔️-
clenbuterol
Which of the following is the purported ergogenic effect of oral supplementation of arginine?
decreased nitric oxide levels
increased muscle blood flow
decreased synthesis of creatine
increased maximal strength - ANSW✔️-increased muscle blood flow
