VI.
STRUCTURAL DESIGN AND DETAILING
A. Foundation System
The building utilizes a mat foundation to support vertical and lateral loads
efficiently, particularly suited for low-bearing-capacity soil. The mat was
modeled using plate elements in Midas Gen, assuming full soil contact.
Punching shear was checked at each column location, and flexural
reinforcement was provided in both directions as per ACI 318-19.
Calculation (Insert yours):
Factored axial column load = ___ kN
Allowable soil bearing capacity = ___ kPa
Required mat thickness = ___ mm
Provided: top steel = ___ mm²/m, bottom steel = ___ mm²/m
Punching shear demand V_u = ___ kN < capacity \phi V_c = ___ kN ✅
[Insert Figure A.1 here]
Figure A.1 – Mat Foundation Layout and Reinforcement Details
B. Vertical Load-Carrying Members
1. RC Columns
Columns were designed for combined axial and flexural loads using
interaction diagrams based on ACI 318. Slenderness was checked using
effective length factors. Reinforcement follows spacing, cover, and
development length requirements.
Calculation (Insert yours):
Column size: ___ mm × ___ mm
Axial load: P_u = ___ kN
Moment: M_u = ___ kN·m
Provided bars: ___ pcs. ϕ___ mm
ϕPn\phi P_nϕPn from interaction = ___ kN ✅
[Insert Figure B.1 here]
Figure B.1 – Typical RC Column Reinforcement and Interaction Curve
2. Shear Walls
Shear walls were designed as the lateral-force-resisting system. They resist
both in-plane shear and overturning moments. Reinforcement includes
boundary elements and horizontal mesh bars.
Calculation (Insert yours):
Wall thickness = ___ mm
Height-to-length ratio = ___
Factored shear = ___ kN
Reinforcement: vertical = ___ mm²/m, horizontal = ___ mm²/m
Shear strength: \phi V_n = ___ kN ✅
[Insert Figure B.2 here]
Figure B.2 – Shear Wall Layout and Detailing
C. Horizontal Members
1. RC Beams
RC beams were analyzed for moment and shear and designed per strength
and serviceability criteria. Development lengths of bars were checked and
provided where needed.
Calculation (Insert yours):
Beam size: ___ mm × ___ mm
Ultimate moment M_u = ___ kN·m
Ultimate shear V_u = ___ kN
Flexural steel: top ___ ϕ___ mm, bottom ___ ϕ___ mm
Stirrups: ϕ___ mm @ ___ mm c/c
\phi M_n = ___ > MuM_uMu ✅
[Insert Figure C.1 here]
Figure C.1 – Beam Longitudinal Section and Rebar Layout
2. Steel Beams
Steel beams were designed based on AISC 360 LRFD. Flexural, shear, and
lateral torsional buckling checks were performed.
Calculation (Insert yours):
Beam type: ___ (e.g., W310×60)
Factored moment M_u = ___ kN·m
Unbraced length L_b = ___ m
Nominal moment capacity M_n = ___ kN·m
LTB check: Lb<LrL_b < L_rLb<Lr ✅
[Insert Figure C.2 here]
Figure C.2 – Steel Beam Section and Bending Diagram
D. Floor Systems
The floor system is a steel deck with composite slab, typically 100 mm
thick concrete over 50 mm deck. Shear studs ensure composite action
between slab and beam. Deflection checks under live and total load were
conducted.
Calculation (Insert yours):
Deck span: ___ m
Concrete thickness: ___ mm
Shear studs: ___ pcs/m
Live load deflection \Delta_{LL} = ___ mm < L/360 ✅
Total load deflection \Delta_{TL} = ___ mm < L/240 ✅
[Insert Figure D.1 here]
Figure D.1 – Steel Deck Profile and Stud Connector Layout
E. Structural Connections
1. Moment and Shear Connections
Connections were designed using bolted end-plate or welded flange and
web methods. Shear connections used double-angle or shear tab details.
Calculation (Insert yours):
Moment demand: M_u = ___ kN·m
Bolt group: ___ bolts @ ___ mm, Grade ___
Weld type: ___ mm fillet/groove weld
Capacity check: \phi M_n = ___ > MuM_uMu ✅
[Insert Figure E.1 here]
Figure E.1 – Typical Bolted/Welded Connection Detail
2. Base Plates
Base plates were sized for bearing and bolt anchorage. Plates were checked
for flexure, bearing pressure, and anchor pull-out.
Calculation (Insert yours):
Plate size: ___ mm × ___ mm × ___ mm thick
Column load: ___ kN
Bearing area = ___ mm²
Allowable pressure = ___ MPa > actual = ___ MPa ✅
Anchor bolts: ___ pcs. ϕ___ mm
[Insert Figure E.2 here]
Figure E.2 – Base Plate and Anchor Bolt Layout
F. Ancillary Structures
1. Elevator Shaft
The elevator core is enclosed with RC walls acting as shear walls. Openings
are framed with RC lintels and wall piers are designed with boundary
reinforcement.
Calculation (Insert yours):
Wall thickness: ___ mm
Lintel span: ___ m
Required steel: ___ ϕ___ mm
Confinement zones: ___ mm width
[Insert Figure F.1 here]
Figure F.1 – Elevator Shaft Wall Reinforcement
2. STP Tank
The STP is an RC underground tank designed for soil pressure, water
pressure, and floatation. Waterproofing and crack control are critical.
Calculation (Insert yours):
Tank dimensions: ___ m × ___ m × ___ m
Earth pressure: ___ kPa
Hydrostatic pressure: ___ kPa
Wall reinforcement: ___ mm²/m each face
Crack width: w = ___ mm < 0.2 mm ✅
[Insert Figure F.2 here]
Figure F.2 – STP Tank Wall and Slab Section
3. Water Tank
The water tank is supported on an RC frame or mat. Load combinations
include hydrostatic, dead load, and seismic sloshing.
Calculation (Insert yours):
Tank capacity: ___ liters
Height of water: ___ m
Wall thickness: ___ mm
Frame beam size: ___ mm × ___ mm
Provided rebar: ___ ϕ___ mm
[Insert Figure F.3 here]
Figure F.3 – Elevated Water Tank Support and Section Layout
