1. What is an operating system?

A) A program that manages a computer's hardware.

B) A device that stores data.
C) A network management tool.
D) A program that performs mathematical calculations.
Answer: A) A program that manages a computer's hardware.

2. Which of the following is NOT a function of an operating system?

A) Booting
B) Memory management
C) Data compression
D) Device control
Answer: C) Data compression

3. Which generation of operating systems is associated with vacuum tubes and

plugboards?
A) First Generation (194555)
B) Second Generation (195565)
C) Third Generation (19651980)
D) Fourth Generation (1980Present)
Answer: A) First Generation (194555)

4. What was a significant advancement of the Third Generation (1965–1980)

operating systems?
A) Use of vacuum tubes
 B) Introduction of batch systems
C) Implementation of Integrated Circuits (ICs) and multiprogramming
D) Development of microprocessors
Answer: C) Implementation of Integrated Circuits (ICs) and multiprogramming

5. Which type of operating system is characterized by the ability to handle

multiple tasks simultaneously by switching between them?
A) Batch Operating System
B) Timesharing Operating System
C) Distributed Operating System
D) Network Operating System
Answer: B) Timesharing Operating System

6. In which type of operating system are tasks managed by grouping similar tasks
into batches?
A) Realtime Operating System
B) Embedded Operating System
C) Batch Operating System
D) Mobile Operating System
Answer: C) Batch Operating System

7. Which operating system is an example of a network operating system?

A) Android OS
B) Linux
C) Microsoft Windows Servers
 D) Apple iOS
Answer: C) Microsoft Windows Servers

8. What is a major disadvantage of distributed operating systems?

A) They cannot support remote working.
B) They have a low exchange rate of data among users.
C) They are expensive to install and maintain.
D) They do not support scalability.
Answer: C) They are expensive to install and maintain.

9. Which process state is characterized by the process being created?

A) New
B) Running
C) Waiting
D) Terminated
Answer: A) New

10. What does the 'exec' system call do in UNIX?

A) It creates a new process.
B) It duplicates the current process.
C) It overlays the process’s address space with a new program.
D) It terminates the current process.
Answer: C) It overlays the process’s address space with a new program.
11. Which of the following is NOT a type of process state?
A) Ready
B) Sleeping
C) Running
D) Terminated
Answer: B) Sleeping

12. Which component of an operating system is responsible for managing

hardware resources?
A) Kernel
B) Supervisor
C) Shell
D) User Interface
Answer: A) Kernel

13. What is a "zombie process"?

A) A process that is still running in the system.
B) A process that has finished executing but still has an entry in the process
table.
C) A process that is in a waiting state.
D) A process that is terminated but not removed from memory.
Answer: B) A process that has finished executing but still has an entry in the
process table.

14. Which of the following best describes "multiprogramming"?

 A) Running multiple processes simultaneously.
B) Sharing the CPU among several processes by switching between them.
C) Executing multiple instructions of a single process.
D) Storing multiple programs in memory simultaneously.
Answer: B) Sharing the CPU among several processes by switching between
them.

15. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of multithreading?

A) Responsiveness
B) Economy
C) Resource sharing
D) Increased complexity
Answer: D) Increased complexity

16. What is the purpose of a Process Control Block (PCB)?

A) To store all the resources of a system
B) To manage I/O devices
C) To represent a process in the operating system
D) To allocate memory to a process
Answer: C) To represent a process in the operating system

17. Which type of scheduling queue contains processes waiting to be executed by

the CPU?
A) Job queue
B) Ready queue
 C) Device queue
D) Input queue
Answer: B) Ready queue

18. In a timesharing system, the operating system ensures that the CPU is
allocated to processes:
A) Based on their memory requirements
B) In a roundrobin fashion
C) In the order they arrive
D) Based on their priority
Answer: B) In a roundrobin fashion

19. What is "spooling" in the context of operating systems?

A) Simultaneous Peripheral Operation Online
B) A method for sorting data
C) A technique for handling multiple tasks simultaneously
D) A method of swapping processes in and out of memory
Answer: A) Simultaneous Peripheral Operation Online

20. Which of the following operating systems is known for its use in realtime
applications?
A) Windows Server
B) UNIX
C) Linux
D) RTOS (RealTime Operating System)
 Answer: D) RTOS (RealTime Operating System)

21. Which of the following is an example of an embedded operating system?

A) Linux
B) Windows Mobile OS
C) Software in a microwave
D) Android OS
Answer: C) Software in a microwave

22. In which generation did personal computers first appear?

A) First Generation
B) Second Generation
C) Third Generation
D) Fourth Generation
Answer: D) Fourth Generation

23. Which of the following is a key feature of the Fifth Generation of operating
systems?
A) Vacuum tubes
B) Distributed systems
C) Batch processing
D) Plugboards
Answer: B) Distributed systems
24. Which of the following operating systems is designed to handle multiple
applications and users in realtime?
A) Batch Operating System
B) Timesharing Operating System
C) Distributed Operating System
D) Realtime Operating System
Answer: D) Realtime Operating System

25. What is the primary function of a kernel in an operating system?

A) Manage hardware resources
B) Provide a user interface
C) Execute application programs
D) Manage network connections
Answer: A) Manage hardware resources

26. Which of the following is NOT a type of operating system?

A) Batch Operating System
B) Timesharing Operating System
C) Distributed Operating System
D) Database Operating System
Answer: D) Database Operating System

27. Which of the following systems is primarily designed for mobile devices?
A) MSDOS
B) Apple iOS
 C) UNIX
D) Windows Server
Answer: B) Apple iOS

28. Which system call is used in UNIX to create a new process?

A) exec()
B) fork()
C) wait()
D) kill()
Answer: B) fork()

29. What is the primary purpose of a process control block (PCB)?

A) To store the contents of a process
B) To manage memory allocation
C) To represent a process in the operating system
D) To schedule CPU time
Answer: C) To represent a process in the operating system

30. What happens during a context switch?

A) The CPU switches from user mode to kernel mode.
B) The operating system saves the state of the current process and loads the
state of a new process.
C) The operating system switches between different memory management
techniques.
D) The CPU switches between different types of interrupts.
 Answer: B) The operating system saves the state of the current process and
loads the state of a new process.

31. Which of the following is a nonblocking method in interprocess

communication?
A) Blocking send
B) Nonblocking send
C) Blocking receive
D) Blocking send and receive
Answer: B) Nonblocking send

32. Which scheduling queue holds processes waiting for a specific I/O device?
A) Ready queue
B) Job queue
C) Device queue
D) Input queue
Answer: C) Device queue

33. Which scheduling algorithm is most suitable for a timesharing system?

A) FirstCome, FirstServed (FCFS)
B) Shortest Job Next (SJN)
C) RoundRobin (RR)
D) Priority Scheduling
Answer: C) RoundRobin (RR)
34. What is the role of the longterm scheduler in an operating system?
A) It selects which process will enter the ready queue.
B) It schedules processes in the CPU.
C) It handles I/O requests.
D) It terminates processes.
Answer: A) It selects which process will enter the ready queue.

35. What is a trap in an operating system?

A) A signal sent by hardware indicating an error
B) A softwaregenerated interrupt
C) A type of process scheduling
D) A memory allocation method
Answer: B) A softwaregenerated interrupt

36. Which of the following types of operating systems is primarily used for
controlling industrial processes?
A) Batch Operating System
B) Timesharing Operating System
C) Distributed Operating System
D) Realtime Operating System
Answer: D) Realtime Operating System

37. Which process state does a process enter after a system call to terminate its
execution?
A) Waiting
 B) Ready
C) Terminated
D) Running
Answer: C) Terminated

38. In UNIX, which system call is used to overlay a process's memory with a new
program?
A) fork()
B) exec()
C) wait()
D) exit()
Answer: B) exec()

39. Which of the following is a characteristic of a monolithic operating system

structure?
A) Separation of user space and kernel space
B) All operating system services run in the kernel space
C) Microkernel architecture
D) Modular design
Answer: B) All operating system services run in the kernel space

40. What is the main advantage of a microkernel architecture?

A) Performance improvement
B) Ease of debugging and maintenance
C) Single address space
 D) High complexity
Answer: B) Ease of debugging and maintenance

41. What is the role of the mediumterm scheduler?

A) To manage the CPU scheduling among processes
B) To swap processes in and out of memory
C) To allocate I/O resources to processes
D) To terminate processes when needed
Answer: B) To swap processes in and out of memory

42. Which data structure is commonly used to store the ready queue?
A) Array
B) Linked list
C) Stack
D) Queue
Answer: B) Linked list

43. Which of the following is NOT a common type of interprocess communication

(IPC)?
A) Shared memory
B) Message passing
C) Semaphore
D) File system
Answer: D) File system
44. Which of the following best describes a "deadlock"?
A) A situation where a process is indefinitely postponed.
B) A state where multiple processes are waiting for each other and cannot
proceed.
C) A technique for process synchronization.
D) A method for interprocess communication.
Answer: B) A state where multiple processes are waiting for each other and
cannot proceed.

45. Which technique can be used to prevent deadlocks?

A) Multiprogramming
B) Swapping
C) Requiring all processes to request all their required resources at once
D) Using a firstcome, firstserved scheduling algorithm
Answer: C) Requiring all processes to request all their required resources at
once

46. In a multiprogramming environment, which of the following describes a

CPUbound process?
A) A process that spends more time performing I/O operations than
computations
B) A process that requires frequent user input
C) A process that spends more time performing computations than I/O
operations
D) A process that can execute only in kernel mode
 Answer: C) A process that spends more time performing computations than I/O
operations

47. What is a stack data structure used for in an operating system?

A) Managing process execution order
B) Handling system calls
C) Managing local variables and function calls
D) Storing files
Answer: C) Managing local variables and function calls

48. Which of the following describes an "orphan" process?

A) A process that has terminated but still has an entry in the process table
B) A process that has lost its parent process
C) A process that is waiting indefinitely for resources
D) A process that is being debugged
Answer: B) A process that has lost its parent process

49. Which scheduling algorithm is best suited for systems where processes have
different priorities?
A) FirstCome, FirstServed (FCFS)
B) Shortest Job Next (SJN)
C) RoundRobin (RR)
D) Priority Scheduling
Answer: D) Priority Scheduling
50. Which type of operating system structure combines different structures to
address performance, security, and usability issues?
A) Monolithic
B) Microkernel
C) Hybrid

D) Layered
Answer: C) Hybrid

51. Which of the following is NOT an example of a realtime operating system

(RTOS)?
A) VxWorks
B) QNX
C) MSDOS
D) FreeRTOS
Answer: C) MSDOS

52. Which feature of an operating system prevents indefinite postponement or

starvation?
A) Priority scheduling
B) Aging
C) Deadlock prevention
D) Timesharing
Answer: B) Aging
53. What is the main function of the `wait()` system call in UNIX?
A) To create a new process
B) To pause a process until a signal is received
C) To terminate a process
D) To make a parent process wait for its child process to terminate
Answer: D) To make a parent process wait for its child process to terminate

54. Which of the following best describes "multiprocessing"?

A) Running multiple processes on a single CPU
B) Running multiple processes on multiple CPUs
C) Running a single process on multiple CPUs
D) Running a single process on a single CPU
Answer: B) Running multiple processes on multiple CPUs

55. What is the purpose of a semaphore in operating systems?

A) To manage memory allocation
B) To signal the completion of I/O operations
C) To handle process synchronization
D) To manage user input
Answer: C) To handle process synchronization

56. What is the primary difference between a hard realtime system and a soft
realtime system?
 A) Hard realtime systems have strict time constraints, while soft realtime
systems have flexible time constraints.
B) Hard realtime systems can run multiple processes simultaneously, while soft
realtime systems cannot.
C) Soft realtime systems are faster than hard realtime systems.
D) Hard realtime systems are used for entertainment, while soft realtime
systems are used for industrial control.
Answer: A) Hard realtime systems have strict time constraints, while soft
realtime systems have flexible time constraints.

57. Which of the following is NOT a type of system call?

A) Process control
B) File manipulation
C) Device management
D) User authentication
Answer: D) User authentication

58. Which of the following is an advantage of using a modular operating system

structure?
A) Increased performance due to minimal overhead
B) Easier to update and maintain
C) Single address space for all processes
D) Lower memory usage
Answer: B) Easier to update and maintain
59. Which of the following best describes a "supervisor" in the context of
operating systems?
A) A program that manages user jobs and system resources
B) A user interface for managing applications
C) A type of process scheduling algorithm
D) A memory management technique
Answer: A) A program that manages user jobs and system resources

60. Which type of operating system is designed to work on devices like

smartphones and tablets?
A) Embedded OS
B) Mobile OS
C) Realtime OS
D) Network OS
Answer: B) Mobile OS

61. What is a "job queue" in an operating system?

A) A list of processes waiting to be executed
B) A list of devices waiting for I/O operations
C) A list of user requests waiting for processing
D) A list of system calls waiting for execution
Answer: A) A list of processes waiting to be executed

62. Which operating system feature allows users to interact with the computer
using a graphical interface?
 A) Commandline interface (CLI)
B) Graphical user interface (GUI)
C) Batch processing
D) Shell scripting
Answer: B) Graphical user interface (GUI)

63. Which of the following is an example of a commandline operating system?

A) MSDOS
B) macOS
C) Android OS
D) Windows 10
Answer: A) MSDOS

64. What is the primary purpose of "spooling" in an operating system?

A) To increase the speed of CPU execution
B) To manage the printing of documents
C) To allow multiple users to share the same device
D) To handle memory management
Answer: B) To manage the printing of documents

65. Which of the following is a characteristic of a distributed operating system?

A) Centralized processing
B) Multiple computers working together as a single system
C) Singleuser access
 D) Limited scalability
Answer: B) Multiple computers working together as a single system

66. Which of the following is NOT a common mobile operating system?

A) Android OS
B) Apple iOS
C) Windows 10
D) Windows Mobile OS
Answer: C) Windows 10

67. What does the "ps" command do in UNIX?

A) Terminates a process
B) Displays the current processes
C) Changes the priority of a process
D) Creates a new process
Answer: B) Displays the current processes

68. Which type of process scheduling algorithm selects the process with the
shortest estimated running time?
A) FirstCome, FirstServed (FCFS)
B) RoundRobin (RR)
C) Shortest Job Next (SJN)
D) Priority Scheduling
Answer: C) Shortest Job Next (SJN)
69. What is the main advantage of using a hybrid operating system structure?
A) Increased security
B) Improved performance and flexibility
C) Reduced memory usage
D) Simplified design
Answer: B) Improved performance and flexibility

70. Which of the following is an example of a monolithic operating system?

A) UNIX
B) Minix
C) QNX
D) Windows 10
Answer: A) UNIX

71. Which of the following is NOT typically a function of an operating system?

A) Process management
B) Memory management
C) Application development
D) Device management
Answer: C) Application development

72. Which of the following is an example of a file manipulation system call?

A) open()
B) fork()
 C) exec()
D) wait()
Answer: A) open()

73. What is the purpose of "swapping" in an operating system?

A) To increase CPU speed
B) To allocate memory to a process
C) To move processes in and out of main memory
D) To manage device drivers
Answer: C) To move processes in and out of main memory

74. Which of the following best describes a "zombie process"?

A) A process that is still running in the system
B) A process that has terminated but still has an entry in the process table
C) A process that is waiting for resources
D) A process that has been terminated by the operating system
Answer: B) A process that has terminated but still has an entry in the process
table

75. Which of the following is NOT a primary goal of operating system security
management?
A) Protecting user data from unauthorized access
B) Managing device drivers
C) Protecting hardware from abuse
D) Managing user authentication
 Answer: B) Managing device drivers

76. Which of the following best describes "aging" in process scheduling?

A) Increasing the priority of a process that has been waiting for a long time
B) Reducing the priority of a process as it gets older
C) Deallocating memory from longrunning processes
D) Terminating processes that have been running for too long
Answer: A) Increasing the priority of a process that has been waiting for a long
time

77. Which system call is used in UNIX to terminate a process?

A) exec()
B) fork()
C) kill()
D) wait()
Answer: C) kill()

78. What is the primary function of a device driver?

A) To manage memory allocation
B) To provide an interface between the operating system and hardware devices
C) To execute user programs
D) To manage user input
Answer: B) To provide an interface between the operating system and
hardware devices
79. What does the term "context switch" refer to in operating systems

?
A) Switching between user mode and kernel mode
B) Switching between different memory management techniques
C) Saving the state of a process and loading the state of another process
D) Switching between different I/O devices
Answer: C) Saving the state of a process and loading the state of another
process

80. Which type of operating system is designed to handle realtime tasks with strict
timing constraints?
A) Batch Operating System
B) Timesharing Operating System
C) Realtime Operating System
D) Distributed Operating System
Answer: C) Realtime Operating System

81. What is the role of a shell in an operating system?

A) Manage hardware resources
B) Provide a commandline interface for user interaction
C) Handle file management
D) Control process scheduling
Answer: B) Provide a commandline interface for user interaction
82. Which of the following is a feature of a microkernel operating system?
A) All OS services run in kernel mode
B) Most OS services run in user space
C) It is typically faster than monolithic systems
D) It does not support multitasking
Answer: B) Most OS services run in user space

83. What is the primary advantage of using a layered operating system structure?
A) Enhanced security and organization
B) Improved performance due to minimal overhead
C) Increased complexity
D) Simplified user interface
Answer: A) Enhanced security and organization

84. Which of the following is a type of interprocess communication?

A) File sharing
B) Message passing
C) Process scheduling
D) Memory allocation
Answer: B) Message passing

85. Which system call is used to create a new process in Windows?

A) CreateProcess()
B) fork()
 C) exec()
D) wait()
Answer: A) CreateProcess()

86. Which of the following best describes a "hard realtime system"?

A) A system where all processes are executed in the order they arrive
B) A system where tasks must be completed within strict time constraints
C) A system that operates in a batch mode
D) A system that uses timesharing to execute multiple tasks
Answer: B) A system where tasks must be completed within strict time
constraints

87. Which of the following is NOT a function of the kernel in an operating system?
A) Memory management
B) Device management
C) User interface management
D) Process management
Answer: C) User interface management

88. Which of the following is a disadvantage of a monolithic operating system?

A) High overhead in the system call interface
B) Difficulty in maintenance and debugging
C) Limited performance
D) Lack of modularity
Answer: B) Difficulty in maintenance and debugging
89. Which type of operating system is typically used in largescale servers?
A) Realtime Operating System
B) Mobile Operating System
C) Network Operating System
D) Embedded Operating System
Answer: C) Network Operating System

90. Which of the following best describes "spooling" in an operating system?

A) Simultaneous Peripheral Operation Online
B) Sequential Process Organization Layer
C) Serial Peripheral Output Online
D) Scheduling Process Optimization Layer
Answer: A) Simultaneous Peripheral Operation Online

91. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a realtime operating system?

A) High reliability
B) Strict timing constraints
C) Large memory usage
D) Minimal delay between input and output
Answer: C) Large memory usage

92. Which of the following is a function of the shortterm scheduler in an operating

system?
A) To select which process will enter the ready queue
 B) To schedule processes on the CPU
C) To manage memory allocation
D) To terminate processes
Answer: B) To schedule processes on the CPU

93. Which of the following is NOT typically handled by the operating system?
A) Process management
B) Memory management
C) User application development
D) Device management
Answer: C) User application development

94. Which type of system call is used to access hardware devices in an operating
system?
A) Process control
B) Device management
C) File manipulation
D) Information maintenance
Answer: B) Device management

95. Which operating system structure allows for the addition of new functionality
without disrupting the existing system?
A) Monolithic
B) Microkernel
C) Layered
 D) Modular
Answer: D) Modular

96. Which of the following is an example of a network operating system?

A) Windows Server
B) macOS
C) Android OS
D) MSDOS
Answer: A) Windows Server

97. Which of the following best describes "deadlock prevention"?

A) Allowing processes to run simultaneously
B) Ensuring that no process waits indefinitely for resources
C) Allocating all resources at once
D) Terminating processes that have been running for too long
Answer: B) Ensuring that no process waits indefinitely for resources

98. Which of the following is an advantage of distributed operating systems?

A) Centralized resource management
B) Scalability and fault tolerance
C) Simplicity and ease of use
D) High cost of installation
Answer: B) Scalability and fault tolerance
99. Which operating system component is responsible for managing the execution
of user programs?
A) Shell
B) Kernel
C) Supervisor
D) Memory manager
Answer: C) Supervisor

100. Which of the following best describes a "hybrid" operating system structure?
A) A combination of monolithic and microkernel structures
B) A combination of batch and timesharing systems
C) A combination of realtime and distributed systems
D) A combination of client and server architectures
Answer: A) A combination of monolithic and microkernel structures
101. Which of the following operating systems is known for its robust security
features and is commonly used in servers?
A) Android OS
B) Linux
C) iOS
D) Windows XP
Answer: B) Linux

102. Which of the following describes the concept of "virtual memory"?

A) The memory located in the CPU cache
B) The use of disk space to extend RAM capacity
 C) The allocation of memory based on process priority
D) The direct access to memory by user applications
Answer: B) The use of disk space to extend RAM capacity

103. What is the main function of a "swap space" in an operating system?

A) To increase CPU speed
B) To temporarily store data during a context switch
C) To extend the available memory by using disk storage
D) To manage file operations
Answer: C) To extend the available memory by using disk storage

104. Which type of operating system is designed to work on embedded devices

like home appliances?
A) Realtime Operating System
B) Mobile Operating System
C) Embedded Operating System
D) Network Operating System
Answer: C) Embedded Operating System

105. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a microkernel?

A) Only essential services run in kernel mode
B) Modularity and flexibility
C) High overhead due to message passing
D) All services run in kernel mode
Answer: D) All services run in kernel mode
106. Which of the following operating systems was developed primarily for Apple
computers?
A) Linux
B) Windows
C) macOS
D) Android OS
Answer: C) macOS

107. Which of the following is a function of the "shell" in an operating system?

A) To manage hardware resources
B) To provide an interface between the user and the kernel
C) To control process scheduling
D) To allocate memory to processes
Answer: B) To provide an interface between the user and the kernel

108. Which of the following describes the "time slice" in a RoundRobin scheduling
algorithm?
A) The total execution time of a process
B) The maximum time a process can run before being preempted
C) The time taken to switch between processes
D) The time a process spends in the waiting queue
Answer: B) The maximum time a process can run before being preempted

109. Which of the following is an example of a batch operating system?

 A) UNIX
B) MSDOS
C) IBM OS/360
D) Windows 10
Answer: C) IBM OS/360

110. Which type of operating system is designed for use in critical systems where
failure can result in significant harm?
A) Timesharing Operating System
B) Realtime Operating System
C) Distributed Operating System
D) Network Operating System
Answer: B) Realtime Operating System

111. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of using a modular operating

system?
A) Flexibility in updating and maintaining the system
B) Ability to add new functionality easily
C) Increased complexity due to separation of functions
D) Enhanced security through compartmentalization
Answer: C) Increased complexity due to separation of functions

112. Which of the following is used to improve the efficiency of CPU usage in
multiprogramming?
A) Singletasking
 B) Timesharing
C) Batch processing
D) Segmentation
Answer: B) Timesharing

113. What is a "daemon" in the context of operating systems?

A) A user interface program
B) A background process that handles requests for services
C) A virus protection system
D) A file management tool
Answer: B) A background process that handles requests for services

114. Which of the following best describes "demand paging" in memory

management?
A) Loading all pages of a process into memory at once
B) Loading pages only when they are needed during execution
C) Reserving memory pages for system processes
D) Allocating fixed memory pages to each process
Answer: B) Loading pages only when they are needed during execution

115. Which of the following is a key feature of the UNIX operating system?
A) Singleuser access
B) Lack of a commandline interface
C) Support for multitasking and multiuser environments
D) Limited file system capabilities
 Answer: C) Support for multitasking and multiuser environments

116. Which of the following is an example of an interrupt in an operating system?

A) A user pressing a key on the keyboard
B) A process requesting memory allocation
C) A file being saved to disk
D) A program being executed
Answer: A) A user pressing a key on the keyboard

117. Which type of scheduling algorithm is suitable for systems where all
processes have the same priority?
A) RoundRobin
B) FirstCome, FirstServed (FCFS)
C) Priority Scheduling
D) Shortest Job Next (SJN)
Answer: B) FirstCome, FirstServed (FCFS)

118. Which of the following is an example of a hybrid operating system structure?

A) Windows NT
B) MSDOS
C) Minix
D) QNX
Answer: A) Windows NT

119. Which of the following best describes "process synchronization"?

 A) Ensuring that all processes run at the same speed
B) Coordinating the execution of processes to prevent conflicts
C) Allocating memory to processes
D) Switching between processes in the CPU
Answer: B) Coordinating the execution of processes to prevent conflicts

120. Which of the following is NOT a type of memory management technique?

A) Paging
B) Segmentation
C) Swapping
D) Encryption
Answer: D) Encryption

121. Which of the following describes the "priority inversion" problem?

A) A lowerpriority task holding a resource needed by a higherpriority task
B) A higherpriority task being executed before a lowerpriority task
C) Tasks being executed in the order of their arrival
D) Tasks being delayed indefinitely due to resource contention
Answer: A) A lowerpriority task holding a resource needed by a higherpriority
task

122. Which of the following is an example of a distributed operating system?

A) Microsoft Windows
B) Linux
C) Amoeba
 D) MSDOS
Answer: C) Amoeba

123. Which of the following is NOT a common use of a realtime operating system
(RTOS)?
A) Air traffic control
B) Missile guidance systems
C) Web browsing
D) Medical imaging systems
Answer: C) Web browsing

124. Which of the following is true about "pipelining" in operating systems?

A) It refers to running multiple processes in parallel
B) It involves the execution of a sequence of instructions in a nonoverlapping
manner
C) It is a technique used to enhance the throughput of the CPU
D) It is related to memory management
Answer: C) It is a technique used to enhance the throughput of the CPU

125. Which of the following best describes the "timesharing" operating system?
A) An operating system that supports multiple users by quickly switching
between them
B) An operating system that runs only one process at a time
C) An operating system that is designed for embedded systems
D) An operating system that is used for batch processing
 Answer: A) An operating system that supports multiple users by quickly
switching between them

126. Which of the following is an advantage of using a layered operating system

structure?
A) Simplicity in debugging and testing
B) High performance
C) Direct hardware access by user applications
D) Minimal overhead
Answer: A) Simplicity in debugging and testing

127. Which of the following is a disadvantage of a microkernel operating system?

A) High overhead due to message passing
B) Lack of modularity
C) Single address space for all processes
D) Lack of flexibility in adding new services
Answer: A) High overhead due to message passing

128

. Which of the following describes the "starvation" problem in process scheduling?

A) A highpriority process being indefinitely postponed
B) A process waiting indefinitely due to the continuous arrival of higherpriority
processes
C) A process that terminates unexpectedly
 D) A process that uses excessive CPU resources
Answer: B) A process waiting indefinitely due to the continuous arrival of
higherpriority processes

129. Which of the following is NOT a feature of the Linux operating system?
A) Opensource software
B) Support for multitasking
C) Proprietary software licensing
D) Multiuser environment
Answer: C) Proprietary software licensing

130. Which of the following describes "thrashing" in operating systems?

A) Excessive swapping of pages in and out of memory
B) Efficient use of CPU cycles
C) Optimal memory management
D) Priority inversion
Answer: A) Excessive swapping of pages in and out of memory

131. Which of the following is an example of a monolithic kernel?

A) Windows NT
B) Linux
C) Minix
D) QNX
Answer: B) Linux
132. Which of the following is NOT a function of an operating system?
A) Device management
B) Application software development
C) Memory management
D) Process management
Answer: B) Application software development

133. Which of the following is an example of a process control system call?

A) fork()
B) open()
C) read()
D) write()
Answer: A) fork()

134. Which of the following best describes the "clientserver model" in operating
systems?
A) A model where a central server provides resources to multiple clients
B) A model where each process runs independently without communication
C) A model used in realtime systems
D) A model that does not involve network communication
Answer: A) A model where a central server provides resources to multiple
clients

135. Which of the following best describes "multithreading" in operating systems?

A) Running multiple operating systems on a single CPU
 B) Running multiple threads of execution within a single process
C) Running multiple processes on multiple CPUs
D) Running a single process on multiple CPUs
Answer: B) Running multiple threads of execution within a single process

136. Which of the following is an advantage of using virtual memory?

A) Increased performance due to reduced memory usage
B) The ability to run large applications with limited physical memory
C) Elimination of the need for physical memory
D) Reduced complexity in memory management
Answer: B) The ability to run large applications with limited physical memory

137. Which of the following best describes "paging" in memory management?

A) Allocating contiguous memory blocks to processes
B) Dividing memory into fixedsize pages and mapping them to frames
C) Allocating memory based on process priority
D) Encrypting memory pages for security
Answer: B) Dividing memory into fixedsize pages and mapping them to frames

138. Which of the following is a key characteristic of distributed operating

systems?
A) Centralized processing
B) Autonomous computers connected by a network
C) Singleuser environment
D) Limited scalability
 Answer: B) Autonomous computers connected by a network

139. Which of the following is an example of a commandline operating system?

A) Windows 10
B) macOS
C) UNIX
D) Android OS
Answer: C) UNIX

140. Which of the following is a benefit of using the microkernel architecture?

A) Increased performance due to all services running in kernel mode
B) Flexibility in adding and modifying system services
C) Single address space for all processes
D) Direct hardware access by user applications
Answer: B) Flexibility in adding and modifying system services

141. Which of the following best describes the "RoundRobin" scheduling

algorithm?
A) Processes are scheduled based on their priority
B) Processes are executed in the order they arrive
C) Each process is assigned a fixed time slot for execution
D) The shortest process is executed first
Answer: C) Each process is assigned a fixed time slot for execution

142. Which of the following is a disadvantage of a monolithic operating system?

 A) Lack of modularity
B) High overhead in message passing
C) Difficult to add new features
D) Increased complexity due to separation of services
Answer: A) Lack of modularity

143. Which of the following best describes "context switching"?

A) Switching between different memory management techniques
B) Saving the state of a process and loading the state of another process
C) Switching between user mode and kernel mode
D) Allocating resources to a process
Answer: B) Saving the state of a process and loading the state of another
process

144. Which of the following best describes "realtime operating systems"?

A) Operating systems that execute processes in the order they arrive
B) Operating systems that must respond to inputs within strict time constraints
C) Operating systems that use batch processing
D) Operating systems that support distributed computing
Answer: B) Operating systems that must respond to inputs within strict time
constraints

145. Which of the following is NOT typically a responsibility of the operating

system?
A) Process scheduling
 B) Memory management
C) Network management
D) Application development
Answer: D) Application development

146. Which of the following is an example of a multiuser operating system?

A) MSDOS
B) Linux
C) Windows XP
D) Android OS
Answer: B) Linux

147. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of batch operating systems?

A) Jobs are processed in the order they arrive
B) Multiple users share system resources simultaneously
C) There is minimal user interaction during job execution
D) Jobs are grouped together for execution
Answer: B) Multiple users share system resources simultaneously

148. Which of the following describes "interruptdriven I/O"?

A) I/O operations that are handled by polling the device
B) I/O operations that generate an interrupt when data is ready to be
processed
C) I/O operations that occur automatically without CPU intervention
D) I/O operations that are managed by a separate processor
 Answer: B) I/O operations that generate an interrupt when data is ready to be
processed

149. Which of the following is a key feature of UNIX?

A) Lack of multitasking
B) Support for graphical user interfaces only
C) Portability across different hardware platforms
D) Limited security features
Answer: C) Portability across different hardware platforms

150. Which of the following best describes "thrashing"?

A) A state where the operating system spends most of its time swapping pages
in and out of memory
B) A process that executes multiple threads simultaneously
C) A technique for optimizing disk access
D) A method for increasing CPU utilization
Answer: A) A state where the operating system spends most of its time
swapping pages in and out of memory