Relations and Functions - Numerical Problems (Questions Only)

Q1.

If A = {1, 2, 3} and B = {4, 5}, how many relations can be defined from A to B?

Q2.

Given A = {a, b, c} and B = {1, 2, 3, 4}, find the total number of functions from A to B.

Q3.

If A = {1, 2} and B = {3, 4, 5}, how many bijective functions can be defined from A to B?

Q4.

Let f: R → R be defined by f(x) = 2x + 3. Find f(0), f(1), f(-2), and f(5).

Q5.

If f(x) = x² - 4x + 5, calculate f(0), f(2), f(-1), and f(4).

Q6.

Given f: A → B where A = {1, 2, 3, 4} and f(x) = 2x - 1, find the range of f.

Q7.

Let f(x) = 1/(x-2). For which values of x is f undefined?

Q8.

If f(x) = x² with domain R and codomain R, what is the range of f?

Q9.

For the function g(x) = √(x - 3), what must be true about x for g(x) to be defined?
Q10.

Given f(x) = |x|, find f(-5), f(0), f(3), and f(-10).

Q11.

Let f(x) = 3x - 5 where f: R → R. Find f⁻¹(x).

Q12.

If f(x) = (x + 2)/3, find f⁻¹(x).

Q13.

Given f(x) = 2x² + 1 with domain [0, ∞) and codomain [1, ∞), find f⁻¹(x).

Q14.

Let f(x) = 4 - 3x. Determine whether f is invertible from R → R, and if so, find f⁻¹(x).

Q15.

Given f: {1, 2, 3} → {10, 20, 30} defined by f = {(1, 20), (2, 30), (3, 10)}, find f⁻¹.

Q16.

Let f(x) = 2x and g(x) = x² + 1. Find (f ∘ g)(x) and (g ∘ f)(x).

Q17.

If f(x) = x + 3 and g(x) = 2x, compute (f ∘ g)(2) and (g ∘ f)(2).

Q18.

Given f(x) = x - 1 and g(x) = 1/x, find (f ∘ g)(x) and (g ∘ f)(x).

Q19.

Let f(x) = x², g(x) = x + 1, and h(x) = 2x. Find (h ∘ g ∘ f)(2).

Q20.

If f(x) = 3x - 2 and g(x) = x², find (f ∘ g)(3) and (g ∘ f)(3).

Q21.

Let f: {1, 2, 3} → {a, b, c} be given by f(1) = b, f(2) = a, f(3) = c. Determine if f is bijective.

Q22.

Given f: Z → Z defined by f(x) = 2x, check if f is injective and surjective.

Q23.

For f: R → [0, ∞) defined by f(x) = x², check if f is injective and surjective.

Q24.

Let f: [0, ∞) → [0, ∞) be defined by f(x) = x². Is f bijective?

Q25.

If f(x) = x + 5 from R → R, determine if f is injective, surjective, and bijective.

Q26.

Given R = {(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4), (4, 5)} on A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, find the domain and range of R.

Q27.

For the relation R = {(a, 1), (b, 2), (c, 1), (d, 3)}, what is the domain and range?

Q28.
Let A = {2, 3, 4} and B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}. If f(x) = 2x, find the range of f.

Q29.

Given f: {1, 2, 3, 4} → R defined by f(x) = x² - 2x, find the range of f.

Q30.

Let f(x) = x/(x + 1). For what value of x is f(x) undefined?

Q31.

If g(x) = √(2x - 8), for what values of x is g(x) defined?

Q32.

Given f(x) = 1/(x² - 9), find the values of x for which f(x) is undefined.

Q33.

Let f: {1, 2, 3} → {a, b, c, d}. How many injective functions can be defined?

Q34.

If A = {x, y, z} and B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, how many surjective functions from A to B exist?

Q35.

Given f(x) = 5x - 3 and g(x) = (x + 3)/5, verify that g = f⁻¹ by computing (f ∘ g)(x) and (g ∘ f)(x).

Q36.

Let f(x) = 2x + 1. If (f ∘ f)(x) = 4x + 3, verify this statement and find the value of (f ∘ f)(2).

Q37.

Given f(x) = x - 1 and (g ∘ f)(x) = x² - 2x + 1, find g(x).

Q38.

If (f ∘ g)(x) = 6x + 5, g(x) = 2x + 1, find f(x).

Q39.

Let f: {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} → {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9} be defined by f(x) = x² - 1. Find the range of

f.

Q40.

If A = {1, 2, 3} and n(A × A) denotes the number of ordered pairs in A × A, calculate n(A ×
A) and the number of relations on A.

Relations and Functions - Numerical Problems (Detailed Solutions)

Q1. Solution

Question: If A = {1, 2, 3} and B = {4, 5}, how many relations can be defined from A to B?

Solution:
Number of elements in A = 3, Number of elements in B = 2.
n(A × B) = 3 × 2 = 6

The Cartesian product A × B has 6 elements. Any subset of A × B is a relation.

Number of relations = 2^6 = 64

Q2. Solution

Question: Given A = {a, b, c} and B = {1, 2, 3, 4}, find the total number of functions from
A to B.

Solution:
Each element in A must map to exactly one element in B.

For a: 4 choices
For b: 4 choices
For c: 4 choices
Total functions = 4 × 4 × 4 = 4³ = 64

Q3. Solution

Question: If A = {1, 2} and B = {3, 4, 5}, how many bijective functions can be defined
from A to B?

Solution:
For a bijective function, |A| = |B| (equal sizes required).

Here |A| = 2 and |B| = 3, so |A| ≠ |B|.

Answer: 0 bijective functions (not possible).

Q4. Solution

Question: Let f: R → R be defined by f(x) = 2x + 3. Find f(0), f(1), f(-2), and f(5).

Solution:
f(0) = 2(0) + 3 = 3

f(1) = 2(1) + 3 = 2 + 3 = 5

f(-2) = 2(-2) + 3 = -4 + 3 = -1

f(5) = 2(5) + 3 = 10 + 3 = 13

Q5. Solution

Question: If f(x) = x² - 4x + 5, calculate f(0), f(2), f(-1), and f(4).

Solution:
f(0) = 0² - 4(0) + 5 = 5

f(2) = 2² - 4(2) + 5 = 4 - 8 + 5 = 1

f(-1) = (-1)² - 4(-1) + 5 = 1 + 4 + 5 = 10

f(4) = 4² - 4(4) + 5 = 16 - 16 + 5 = 5

Q6. Solution

Question: Given f: A → B where A = {1, 2, 3, 4} and f(x) = 2x - 1, find the range of f.

Solution:
Apply f to each element of domain A:

f(1) = 2(1) - 1 = 1

f(2) = 2(2) - 1 = 3

f(3) = 2(3) - 1 = 5

f(4) = 2(4) - 1 = 7

Range = {1, 3, 5, 7}

Q7. Solution

Question: Let f(x) = 1/(x-2). For which values of x is f undefined?

Solution:
The denominator cannot be zero.

x-2=0

x=2

Answer: f is undefined at x = 2

Q8. Solution

Question: If f(x) = x² with domain R and codomain R, what is the range of f?

Solution:
For any real x, x² ≥ 0.

Also, for any y ≥ 0, we can find x = √y such that f(x) = y.

Negative values cannot be outputs of x².

Range = [0, ∞)

Q9. Solution

Question: For the function g(x) = √(x - 3), what must be true about x for g(x) to be
defined?

Solution:
The square root of a negative number is not real. So we need:
x-3≥0

x≥3

Answer: x ≥ 3

Q10. Solution

Question: Given f(x) = |x|, find f(-5), f(0), f(3), and f(-10).

Solution:
f(-5) = |-5| = 5

f(0) = |0| = 0

f(3) = |3| = 3

f(-10) = |-10| = 10

Q11. Solution

Question: Let f(x) = 3x - 5 where f: R → R. Find f⁻¹(x).

Solution:
Let y = 3x - 5

Solve for x:
y + 5 = 3x

x = (y + 5)/3

Thus, f⁻¹(x) = (x + 5)/3

Q12. Solution

Question: If f(x) = (x + 2)/3, find f⁻¹(x).

Solution:
Let y = (x + 2)/3

Solve for x:
3y = x + 2

x = 3y - 2

Thus, f⁻¹(x) = 3x - 2
Q13. Solution

Question: Given f(x) = 2x² + 1 with domain [0, ∞) and codomain [1, ∞), find f⁻¹(x).

Solution:
Let y = 2x² + 1

Solve for x:
y - 1 = 2x²

x² = (y - 1)/2

Since domain is [0, ∞), take positive square root:

x = √((y - 1)/2)

Thus, f⁻¹(x) = √((x - 1)/2)

Q14. Solution

Question: Let f(x) = 4 - 3x. Determine whether f is invertible from R → R, and if so, find
f⁻¹(x).

Solution:
f(x) = 4 - 3x is linear with non-zero slope, so it is both injective and surjective.

f is bijective, so it is invertible.

Let y = 4 - 3x

3x = 4 - y

x = (4 - y)/3

Thus, f⁻¹(x) = (4 - x)/3

Q15. Solution

Question: Given f: {1, 2, 3} → {10, 20, 30} defined by f = {(1, 20), (2, 30), (3, 10)}, find f⁻¹.

Solution:
The inverse swaps domain and range.

f⁻¹: {10, 20, 30} → {1, 2, 3}

From the pairs:

 • 1 maps to 20, so 20 maps back to 1

• 2 maps to 30, so 30 maps back to 2

• 3 maps to 10, so 10 maps back to 3

f⁻¹ = {(20, 1), (30, 2), (10, 3)}

Q16. Solution

Question: Let f(x) = 2x and g(x) = x² + 1. Find (f ∘ g)(x) and (g ∘ f)(x).

Solution:
(f ∘ g)(x) = f(g(x)) = f(x² + 1) = 2(x² + 1) = 2x² + 2

(g ∘ f)(x) = g(f(x)) = g(2x) = (2x)² + 1 = 4x² + 1

Note: These are different, so composition is not commutative.

Q17. Solution

Question: If f(x) = x + 3 and g(x) = 2x, compute (f ∘ g)(2) and (g ∘ f)(2).

Solution:
(f ∘ g)(2) = f(g(2)) = f(2 · 2) = f(4) = 4 + 3 = 7

(g ∘ f)(2) = g(f(2)) = g(2 + 3) = g(5) = 2 · 5 = 10

Q18. Solution

Question: Given f(x) = x - 1 and g(x) = 1/x, find (f ∘ g)(x) and (g ∘ f)(x).

Solution:
(f ∘ g)(x) = f(g(x)) = f(1/x) = 1/x - 1 = (1 - x)/x

(g ∘ f)(x) = g(f(x)) = g(x - 1) = 1/(x - 1)

Q19. Solution

Question: Let f(x) = x², g(x) = x + 1, and h(x) = 2x. Find (h ∘ g ∘ f)(2).

Solution:
(h ∘ g ∘ f)(2) = h(g(f(2)))

Step 1: f(2) = 2² = 4
Step 2: g(4) = 4 + 1 = 5

Step 3: h(5) = 2 · 5 = 10

Answer: 10

Q20. Solution

Question: If f(x) = 3x - 2 and g(x) = x², find (f ∘ g)(3) and (g ∘ f)(3).

Solution:
(f ∘ g)(3) = f(g(3)) = f(3²) = f(9) = 3(9) - 2 = 27 - 2 = 25

(g ∘ f)(3) = g(f(3)) = g(3(3) - 2) = g(7) = 7² = 49

Q21. Solution

Question: Let f: {1, 2, 3} → {a, b, c} be given by f(1) = b, f(2) = a, f(3) = c. Determine if f is

bijective.

Solution:
Injective check: Each of 1, 2, 3 maps to different elements, so no two inputs map to
same output.
✓ Injective

Surjective check: Every element in {a, b, c} is the image of some input (a from 2, b from
1, c from 3).
✓ Surjective

f is bijective.

Q22. Solution

Question: Given f: Z → Z defined by f(x) = 2x, check if f is injective and surjective.

Solution:
Injective: If f(a) = f(b), then 2a = 2b, so a = b. ✓ Injective

Surjective: Consider y = 1 in Z. For f(x) = 1, we need 2x = 1, so x = 0.5 ∉ Z. ✗ Not

surjective

Answer: Injective but not surjective.

Q23. Solution
Question: For f: R → [0, ∞) defined by f(x) = x², check if f is injective and surjective.

Solution:
Injective: f(2) = 4 = f(-2), but 2 ≠ -2. ✗ Not injective

Surjective: For any y in [0, ∞), we can find x = √y in R such that f(x) = y. ✓ Surjective

Answer: Surjective but not injective.

Q24. Solution

Question: Let f: [0, ∞) → [0, ∞) be defined by f(x) = x². Is f bijective?

Solution:
Injective: If a, b in [0, ∞) and a² = b², then a = b (since both are non-negative). ✓ Injective

Surjective: For any y in [0, ∞), we have x = √y in [0, ∞) with f(x) = y. ✓ Surjective

f is bijective.

Q25. Solution

Question: If f(x) = x + 5 from R → R, determine if f is injective, surjective, and bijective.

Solution:
Injective: If f(a) = f(b), then a + 5 = b + 5, so a = b. ✓ Injective

Surjective: For any y in R, set x = y - 5 in R, then f(x) = (y - 5) + 5 = y. ✓ Surjective

f is injective, surjective, and bijective.

Q26. Solution

Question: Given R = {(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4), (4, 5)} on A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, find the domain and
range of R.

Solution:
Domain = set of all first elements = {1, 2, 3, 4}

Range = set of all second elements = {2, 3, 4, 5}

Q27. Solution

Question: For the relation R = {(a, 1), (b, 2), (c, 1), (d, 3)}, what is the domain and range?
Solution:
Domain = {a, b, c, d} (first elements)

Range = {1, 2, 3} (second elements, 1 appears twice but listed once)

Q28. Solution

Question: Let A = {2, 3, 4} and B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}. If f(x) = 2x, find the range of f.

Solution:
Apply f to each element in domain A:

f(2) = 2(2) = 4

f(3) = 2(3) = 6

f(4) = 2(4) = 8

But 8 is not in codomain B.

Range = {4, 6}

Q29. Solution

Question: Given f: {1, 2, 3, 4} → R defined by f(x) = x² - 2x, find the range of f.

Solution:
f(1) = 1² - 2(1) = 1 - 2 = -1

f(2) = 2² - 2(2) = 4 - 4 = 0

f(3) = 3² - 2(3) = 9 - 6 = 3

f(4) = 4² - 2(4) = 16 - 8 = 8

Range = {-1, 0, 3, 8}

Q30. Solution

Question: Let f(x) = x/(x + 1). For what value of x is f(x) undefined?

Solution:
The denominator cannot be zero.

x+1=0

x = -1
Answer: f(x) is undefined at x = -1

Q31. Solution

Question: If g(x) = √(2x - 8), for what values of x is g(x) defined?

Solution:
For real square root, the expression inside must be non-negative.

2x - 8 ≥ 0

2x ≥ 8

x≥4

Answer: g(x) is defined for x ≥ 4

Q32. Solution

Question: Given f(x) = 1/(x² - 9), find the values of x for which f(x) is undefined.

Solution:
The denominator cannot be zero.

x² - 9 = 0

x² = 9

x = ±3

Answer: f(x) is undefined at x = 3 and x = -3

Q33. Solution

Question: Let f: {1, 2, 3} → {a, b, c, d}. How many injective functions can be defined?

Solution:
For an injective function, different inputs must map to different outputs.

First element: 4 choices

Second element: 3 remaining choices
Third element: 2 remaining choices

Number of injective functions = 4 × 3 × 2 = 24

Or using permutation: P(4, 3) = 4!/(4-3)! = 4!/1! = 24

Q34. Solution

Question: If A = {x, y, z} and B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, how many surjective functions from A to B
exist?

Solution:
For a surjective function, every element in B must be hit by at least one element in A.

Since |A| = 3 < |B| = 5, it's impossible for all 5 elements in B to be outputs from only 3
inputs.

Answer: 0 surjective functions (not possible)

Q35. Solution

Question: Given f(x) = 5x - 3 and g(x) = (x + 3)/5, verify that g = f⁻¹ by computing (f ∘ g)(x)
and (g ∘ f)(x).

Solution:
(f ∘ g)(x) = f(g(x)) = f((x + 3)/5) = 5((x + 3)/5) - 3 = (x + 3) - 3 = x ✓

(g ∘ f)(x) = g(f(x)) = g(5x - 3) = ((5x - 3) + 3)/5 = 5x/5 = x ✓

Since both compositions give identity, g = f⁻¹ is verified.

Q36. Solution

Question: Let f(x) = 2x + 1. If (f ∘ f)(x) = 4x + 3, verify this statement and find the value of (f
∘ f)(2).

Solution:
(f ∘ f)(x) = f(f(x)) = f(2x + 1) = 2(2x + 1) + 1 = 4x + 2 + 1 = 4x + 3 ✓

Statement is verified.

(f ∘ f)(2) = 4(2) + 3 = 8 + 3 = 11

Q37. Solution

Question: Given f(x) = x - 1 and (g ∘ f)(x) = x² - 2x + 1, find g(x).

Solution:
(g ∘ f)(x) = g(f(x)) = x² - 2x + 1
Since f(x) = x - 1, let u = x - 1, so x = u + 1.

Substitute:
g(u) = (u + 1)² - 2(u + 1) + 1

g(u) = u² + 2u + 1 - 2u - 2 + 1

g(u) = u²

g(x) = x²

Q38. Solution

Question: If (f ∘ g)(x) = 6x + 5, g(x) = 2x + 1, find f(x).

Solution:
(f ∘ g)(x) = f(g(x)) = 6x + 5

Since g(x) = 2x + 1, let u = 2x + 1, so x = (u - 1)/2.

Substitute:
f(u) = 6 · (u - 1)/2 + 5 = 3(u - 1) + 5 = 3u - 3 + 5 = 3u + 2

f(x) = 3x + 2

Q39. Solution

Question: Let f: {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} → {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9} be defined by f(x) = x² - 1. Find

the range of f.

Solution:
f(1) = 1² - 1 = 0

f(2) = 2² - 1 = 3

f(3) = 3² - 1 = 8

f(4) = 4² - 1 = 15

f(5) = 5² - 1 = 24

But 15 and 24 are outside the codomain.

Range = {0, 3, 8}

Q40. Solution
Question: If A = {1, 2, 3} and n(A × A) denotes the number of ordered pairs in A × A,
calculate n(A × A) and the number of relations on A.

Solution:
A × A = {(1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (2,1), (2,2), (2,3), (3,1), (3,2), (3,3)}

n(A × A) = 3 × 3 = 9

Number of relations on A = number of subsets of A × A = 2⁹ = 512