Surveying – II

Unit-I Levelling

1. Explain the fundamental principles of levelling.

2. What are the fundamental lines of a dumpy level and how are they related?
3. Describe the permanent adjustments of the fundamental axes of a dumpy level.
4. How is the horizontal axis of a dumpy level adjusted?
5. What steps are involved in the adjustment of the line of sight in a dumpy level?
6. Define collimation error and explain how it is corrected.
7. What is the importance of ensuring the level tube is horizontal in a dumpy level?
8. Discuss the procedure for setting up a dumpy level on a tripod.
9. Describe how to perform a two-peg test to check the accuracy of a dumpy level.
10. What are the common sources of error in levelling and how can they be minimized?.

Unit-II Theodolite Survey

1. Differentiate between vernier theodolite and digital theodolite.
2. List and describe the component parts of a theodolite.
3. What are the definitions and terms related to theodolite survey?
4. Explain the fundamental axes of a theodolite.
5. What are the temporary adjustments made in a theodolite survey?
6. How are face left and face right observations conducted?
7. Describe the procedure for measuring a horizontal angle using a theodolite.
8. How is the vertical angle measured with a theodolite?
9. What are the miscellaneous operations performed with a theodolite?
10. Identify the sources of errors in theodolite surveying and their rectification..

Unit-III- Tacheometric Survey

1. State the purpose and principle of pantograph.
2. Describe briefly the principle of planimeter with a neat sketch.
3. Derive an expression for finding the RL of an object when the base is accessible.
4. What is trigonometric levelling? When is it used?
5. Derive an expression for finding the height of an object when the base is accessible in
trigonometric levelling.
6. State different cases of trigonometric levelling.
7. Write any four types of minor instruments.
8. Define the Ceylon ghat tracer with neat sketches.
9. Write the use & principle of optical square.
10. Write the use of hand level, abney level & box sextent.

Unit-IV- Trigonometrical Levelling

1. State the principle of tacheometry.
2. State three uses of Abney level.
3. What is tacheometry? State its main purpose.
4. What are the different methods of tacheometric survey?
5. Distinguish between fixed hair method and movable hair method of stadia tacheometry.
6. The stadia readings with horizontal sight on a vertical staff held 50 m away from a
tacheometer were 1·281 m and 1·784 m. The focal length of object glass was 30 cm. The
distance between the object glass and trunnion axis of the tacheometer was 15 cm.
7. Calculate the stadia intercept.State - (a) the different methods of tacheometric survey.
(b) List the constants of tacheometer.
8. Explain the electronic theodolite.
9. Define the EDM & GPS.
10. Define the photographic survey & aerial survey.
11. Explain the auto level.
12. What is total station
 Unit-V Setting of Curves
1. Describe the types of horizontal curves used in surveying.
2. What are the elements of a simple curve?
3. Explain the designation of curves in surveying.
4. Describe the method of offsets from the long chord for setting out curves.
5. How are offsets from the chord produced used in curve setting?
6. Explain the deflection angle method for setting out curves.
7. Describe the calculations involved in setting out curves in the field.
8. What is the procedure for setting out a simple curve on the field?
9. Discuss the use of digital theodolites in modern surveying.
10. Explain the role of electronic distance measuring instruments in contemporary surveying
techniques.
 Building Construction

Unit-I

1. Define the terms substructure and superstructure used in building construction.

2. What is the importance of under reamed piles? Explain with the help of suitable diagram.
Differentiate between ‘End bearing Pile’ and ‘Friction Pile’.
3. Explain the salient features of load bearing and framed structure.
4. Define settlement of foundation and its types. Enlist various causes and suggest remedial
measures for the same. State the situations in which pile foundation is used.
5. Enumerate various methods used for improving bearing capacity of soil.
6. State the classification of the building structure on the basis of type of construction.
7. Provide the occupancy classification of the buildings as mentioned in National Building
Code Part III (2005) with example of each.
8. Classify shallow foundation and deep foundation. What are the points to be kept in mind
while making foundation in Black cotton soil?
9. Describe Ashlar stone masonry and state its use in construction of structures.
10. What is meant by the “Shallow foundation”? Explain the various types of shallow
foundations.

Unit-II

1. Why cracks are developed in a plaster. Write down the qualities of a good plaster.
2. Differentiate English bond and Flemish bond in brick masonry work.
3. Distinguish between brick masonry and stone masonry used in building Construction.
Describe any eight characteristics of good stone masonry.
4. Explain the procedure of plastering mentioning the thickness of mortar used for plastering on
the internal and external surface of the building.
5. Enlist various types of doors and explain panelled door with neat sketch.
6. Compare brick masonry and stone masonry on the basis of cost, strength, durability and
appearance.
7. Discuss the provisions of doors in a structure with reference to the location and purpose. In
which situations, a paneled door is used?
8. What is pointing? Draw a neat sketch of various types of pointing. Briefly explain the
difference between plastering and pointing.
9. Draw labelled sketch of English bond and Flemish bond showing plan and elevation.
10. State the situations where the following types of windows are used.
a) Dormer window
b) Bay window
c) Louvered window

Unit-III
1. State the advantages of machine mixing over hand mixing of cement concrete.
2. Draw a flow diagram of preparation of concrete. Explain manufacturing process of concrete?
3. Define water-cement ratio. How does it influence concrete strength?
4. Describe the importance of curing? When should it be commenced? For how long should it
be continued?
5. What do you understand by slump test? Describe its complete test procedure.
6. Define workability of concrete. How will you determine this parameter in the laboratory?
Explain. What are the factors affecting workability of concrete?
7. Enumerate the important ingredients used in concrete?
8. Describe the importance of curing? When should it be commenced? For how long should it
be continued?
9. Classify the types of concrete and explain.
10. Write short notes:
a) Advantage of precast construction product.
b) Safety aspect for falls ceiling
c) List of Machines and equipment required during construction.
 Unit-IV
1. Define floor. Write the importance of floor in the building. Explain in detail five different
types of floor finishes.
2. What are the essential requirements of a floor? Elaborate various points for selection of
flooring material.
3. Explain brick jack arch flooring and concrete jack arch flooring with neat sketches.
4. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of flat roofs. Also, explain the concept and
construction of a mud terrace roof.
5. Differentiate between
A. Madras Terrace and Pre-fabricated roofs.
B. Flat Roof and Sloping Roof.
6. Describe how finishing for cement concrete floor and mosaic floor is done.
7. Differentiate between king post truss and queen post truss.
8. Describe method of construction of cement concrete floor.
9. Draw neat and clean diagram for lean to roof (sloppy roof) and label it.
10. Draw neat and clean diagram (line diagram) of king post and label it.
11. Make a list of different types of flooring and explain method of construction of terrazzo tile
flooring on R.C.C. slab.

Unit-V
1. What is scaffolding? Name different types of scaffolding. Describe one of them with neat
sketch.
2. Draw neat sketches of any two types of scaffolding and label the component parts.
3. Draw plan and sectional elevation of Dog-Legged staircase, assuming suitable dimensions
and label its parts.
4. Explain with sketches Brick layer’s scaffolding and Cantilever or needle scaffolding.
5. What are the Requirements of good stair? Explain in brief the types of stairs.
6. Write four different classifications of stair case on the basis of material used and explain their
significance in detail.
7. Draw plan and elevation of Dog-legged staircase for floor to floor height of 3.0 m.
8. How are the treads and risers proportioned?
9. Discuss the various considerations made in planning of stair cases. Illustrate the difference
types of stair cases generally used, indicating their suitability for specific use.
10. Differentiate between:
a) Quarter turn stair and bifurcated stair
b) Helical stair and spiral stair
c) Do-legged and stair and open newel stair
d) Pipe scaffolding

Public Health Engineering

UNIT-I: Introduction Quantity of Water Sources of Water

1. What are the key duties of a Public Health Engineer?

2. Explain the natural and manmade hydrological cycles as applied to public health
engineering (P.H.E).
3. Describe the methods of population forecasting: arithmetic progression (AP), geometric
progression (GP), and incremental methods.
4. What factors influence the demand rate for water supply in a city?
5. What are the different variations in water demand?
6. List and explain the demand rates for different types of buildings.
7. Describe the design period and its significance in water demand planning.
8. How is fire demand calculated in a city?
9. Compare surface water and groundwater as sources of water supply.
10. Explain the construction process of a dug well and a tube well using the population
method, core drilling method, and rotary drilling method.

UNIT-II: Pumps, Pipes, and Pipe Specials Intake

1. What are the characteristics and applications of submersible and air lift pumps?
2. Describe the characteristic curves of centrifugal pumps and their significance.
 3. Explain the terms water horsepower (WHP) and brake horsepower (BHP).
4. Compare different types of pipes used in water supply systems.
5. Describe the construction and applications of G.I. pipes and pipe specials.
6. Explain the types of joints used in CI pipes: socket, spigot, and flanged joints.
7. What are semi-flexible and rigid joints for asbestos cement (ACC) pipes?
8. Discuss the properties and uses of pressure pipes and PVC pipes in water supply systems.
9. What are the causes of corrosion in ferrous pipes and the remedies to prevent it?
10. Explain the functions and locations of different types of intakes: river, canal, reservoir,
and lake intakes.

UNIT-III: Quality of Water Treatment Process

1. What are the effects of different impurities on water quality?

2. List the waterborne diseases associated with surface and groundwater contamination.
3. What are the standards of potable water?
4. Describe the procedures for sampling and testing water quality.
5. Explain the steps involved in the water treatment process, including a flow diagram.
6. What are the commonly used coagulants in water treatment and their comparisons?
7. Describe the Jar test and its significance in water treatment.
8. What are the different types of settling tanks and their working principles?
9. Compare slow sand, rapid gravity, and pressure filters used in water treatment.
10. Discuss the methods and importance of disinfection in water treatment.

UNIT-IV: Distribution System and Systems of Sanitation & Sewerage Sewer

Laying Waste Water Collection System

1. Describe the components and functions of a service reservoir in a water distribution

system.
2. Explain the requirements and types of water distribution systems.
3. What are the different types of valves used in water distribution systems and their
functions?
4. Describe the different systems for collecting garbage, wastewater, and domestic sewage.
 5. Compare conservancy and water-carried systems of sewerage.
6. What are the different systems of sewerage and their methods of garbage disposal?
7. Explain the functions and types of sewer laying.
8. Describe the different patterns of sewer collection systems and their uses.
9. What are sewer appurtenances and their functions? Provide examples.
10. Describe the construction and use of oil grease traps, grit chambers, and flushing tanks in
a sewer system.

UNIT-V: Quantity of Sewage Characteristics of Sewage Treatment Processes

House Water Supply and Sanitation

1. What factors affect the quantity of sewage generated in a city?

2. Explain the variations in sewage flow and their impact on sewer design.
3. Describe the functional types of sewers and their applications.
4. What are the characteristics of different types of bacteria found in sewage?
5. Explain the significance of different sewage strength tests.
6. Describe the nature of sewage treatment by the three stages.
7. What are the functions of screens and grit chambers in a sewage treatment plant?
8. Compare rectangular and circular settling tanks used in sewage treatment.
9. Explain the working principle and construction of trickling filters.
10. Describe the flow diagram of a sewage treatment plant and the methods of disposal of
liquid effluent.
 Concrete Technology

UNIT-I: Introduction

1. What are the main ingredients of concrete and their functions?

2. Discuss the various mixes and grades of concrete and their applications.
3. Describe the different types of concrete and their uses in construction.
4. List and explain the properties of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC).
5. What are the characteristics and uses of Rapid Hardening Cement?
6. Compare the properties and uses of Quick Setting Cement and Low Heat Cement.
7. What are the advantages of using Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC)?
8. Explain the importance of using Colored Cement and its applications.
9. Describe the properties of High Strength Cement and its uses in construction.
10. What is High Alumina Cement and where is it typically used?

UNIT-II: Types of Cement and Admixtures

1. Explain the chemical composition and properties of Sulphate Resistant Cement.

2. Describe the uses and functions of various chemical admixtures in concrete.
3. What is the heat of hydration and why is it important in concrete technology?
4. Discuss the water requirement for hydration and its impact on concrete strength.
5. Compare the properties and uses of different types of additives used in concrete.
6. What is the role of accelerators and retarders in concrete?
7. Describe the impact of superplasticizers on the workability of concrete.
8. What are the benefits of using air-entraining agents in concrete mixes?
9. Explain the properties and uses of fly ash as an admixture in concrete.
10. Discuss the characteristics of silica fume and its effect on concrete properties.

UNIT-III: Aggregates and Their Testing

1. Classify aggregates based on their source, size, shape, and texture.

2. What is the significance of the Aggregate Impact Value test?
3. Describe the method and importance of the Aggregate Abrasion Value test.
 4. Explain the concept of modulus of elasticity in relation to aggregates.
5. What is the bulk density of aggregates and why is it important?
6. Discuss the specific gravity of aggregates and its impact on concrete mix design.
7. Describe the methods to measure the moisture content of aggregates.
8. What is the importance of the flakiness and elongation index tests for aggregates?
9. Explain the process and significance of sieve analysis for grading aggregates.
10. Discuss the suitability of different types of aggregates for various concrete works.
UNIT-IV: Fresh Concrete

1. What is workability and what factors affect it in concrete?

2. Describe the slump test and its importance in measuring workability.

3. What is the compaction factor test and how is it performed?
4. Explain the process of manufacturing concrete, including batching, mixing, and
transporting.
5. What are the steps involved in placing and compacting concrete?
6. Discuss the methods and importance of curing concrete.
7. What is formwork and what safety precautions should be observed during its removal?
8. Describe the relation between the water/cement ratio and concrete strength.
9. What is the maturity concept of concrete and how does it affect strength gain with age?
10. Explain the difference between destructive and non-destructive testing of concrete.

UNIT-V: Concrete Mix Design

1. What are the variables in proportioning a concrete mix design?

2. Describe the statistical quality control methods used in concrete mix design.
3. Explain the terms mean strength, variance, standard deviation, and coefficient of
variation.
4. What is the significance of the Indian Standard method (IS code 10262-1982) in mix
design?
5. Discuss the steps involved in the IS code method for concrete mix design.
6. What is high strength concrete and where is it typically used?
7. Describe the different types of joints in concrete work and their positions.
8. Explain the concept of bond strength between aggregate and cement in concrete.
9. What are the common tests conducted for determining the strength of concrete?
10. Discuss the characteristics and applications of special types of concrete.