VOL.

C1
ADVANCED
WRITING GUIDE

Learn the strategies that have helped hundreds

of students pass their Cambridge English exam
 Welcome Cambridge Warrior

Before you start reading through the strategies to help you

pass your Cambridge Advanced exam, here's what I want
you to know:

Everything I'm going to teach you in this book is 100%

applicable to the exam and your studies.

Studying for the Cambridge Exam is overwhelming when

you think that you've got to study grammar, vocabulary
and also learn exam technique. To maximise your time,
I'm going to teach you exam strategy in the simplest and
most effective ways I'll share with you in this book.

All my best,

Issy

3 ways to get the most out of this ebook:

Save this ebook and Think of one question regarding Implement the strategies
print it if you'd like, and writing that has caused you the in this book, it sounds silly,
use when you study to most doubt or confusion, and ask but it's easy to get lazy.
start applying these me, via email, instagram or FB Trust the book, these
strategies. messenger. strategies work.

[Link] | © English With Issy All rights reserved

 C1 ADVANCED WRITING GUIDE

CONTENTS
Introduction
Use with 'Easy with Issy' ............. iii Student Answers .......................... 43
How to use this book................... iv Report vocabulary ........................ 46
Writing exam overview ............... viii Activity .......................................... 47
Computer based or paper based. x
How your writings are marked .... xi Proposal
Proposal ....................................... 49
Essay
Strategy ........................................ 50
Essay ........................................... 1 Planning ....................................... 52
Strategy........................................ 3 Model Answers ............................. 55
Introduction.................................. 6 Student Answers .......................... 59
Planning ....................................... 7 Proposal vocabulary ..................... 62
Model Answers ........................... 10
Student Answers ......................... 14
Letters/Emails
Example Tasks ........................... 17
Top tips ....................................... 18 Letters/Emails .............................. 64
Essay Vocabulary........................ 19 Strategy: Informal ........................ 65
Strategy: Formal .......................... 66
Top Tips ....................................... 67
Review
Planning: Informal email .............. 68
Review ......................................... 20 Model Answers ............................ 71
Strategy ....................................... 21 Student Answers .......................... 73
Planning....................................... 23 Planning: Application Letter ......... 76
Model Answers ............................ 26 Model A.: Application letter .......... 77
Student Answers ......................... 28 Model A.: Letter of Complaint ...... 79
Review Vocabulary...................... 31 Student Answers .......................... 82
Activity ......................................... 32 Letter vocabulary ........................ 83
Activity .......................................... 87
Report
Report .......................................... 34 Conclusion
Strategy ....................................... 35
Planning ....................................... 37 Easy With Issy .............................. 90
Model Answers ............................ 40 Masterclass .................................. 91

i
C1 ADVANCED WRITING GUIDE

ii
 C1 ADVANCED WRITING GUIDE

USE WITH
'C1 ADVANCED IN 21
DAYS' ONLINE COURSE

This writing guide was designed to be used hand-in-hand with the 'C1
ADVANCED IN 21 DAYS: Complete Exam Preparation course'.

All of the elements, vocabulary lists, planning sheets and writing examples that I
created for exam students and exam teachers are specific to the C1 Advanced
(CAE).

Click here for a huge 20% discount on the C1 Advanced Complete Exam
Strategy course, just for you!

[Link]
21-days/?coupon=WRITINGGUIDE20

iii
 INTRODUCTION

HOW TO USE
THIS BOOK

For those who don't know me yet,

my name is Issy. I'm the creator of
the FCE & CAE exam strategy
courses.

This book and my course teach the strategy and tactics behind really good
Cambridge C1 Advanced writings. They will show you how to write a great
text, one that the examiner wants to read so you can feel more confident
about how to do it. This book has helped hundreds of exam students (and
exam teachers) around the world.

Before putting together this book, I realised that my students were confused
about the exam. Lots of them had vocabulary lists, they had been taking
English lessons at language schools, been learning lists of vocabulary for
their writing exam, but they still didn't know how to start their writings, and
most importantly, they didn't know if they were good when they had finished
them.

So, after putting together lists of the most fundamental writing vocabulary
for your C1 exam, I put together the plans that you're going to follow of
exactly what to write in each paragraph, so there's no confusion.

iv
 HOW TO USE THIS BOOK

KEEP THIS BOOK ON YOUR DESK

This is a digital version of the book, but feel free to print it out and get it bound at
your local printing shop. If you haven't done so already, i highly recommend doing
so, that way you can keep it open on the page you're using, make notes, and not
be distracted whilst using your computer.

My goal is that this will become

your go-to book when sitting down
and preparing for your exam.

FOLLOW THE PLANS

Just like with anything in life that works well, there's a structure to it. To make a
beautiful Flat White coffee (my favourite coffee!), you need two shots of espresso,
steamed milk that's 60-65C and a very thin layer of microfoam, otherwise it's not
good, or perhaps it's a different coffee completely. The same goes for Cambridge
writings. If you follow the plan and include the elements you should include, then
there's a might higher chance you're going to write a beautiful text that will pass.

v
 HOW TO USE THIS BOOK

It took weeks, but I've put together something amazing for you!

WHAT THIS BOOK WILL AND WILL NOT DO FOR YOU

This book is going to show you all the necessary elements to plan, understand
and write any text in the C1 Advanced exam. It's going to show you the
components of each paragraph, what examiners are looking for and example
texts phrase lists but it does not go deep into strategy.

It won't show you how to write an excellent title for your review, it won't have 20+
examples of my students' texts with my corrections and it will not cover other
parts of the exam I cover all these topics in my ‘C1 Advanced in 21 Days:
Complete Exam Strategy Course’.
(use code WRITINGGUIDE20 FOR 20% OFF THE COURSE)

So, if you haven't yet started watching the videos in my online course, I highly
recommend doing so now. Take the course to understand the strategies and
tactics. Then this book will be even more helpful for you as it supports the course.
 HOW TO USE THIS BOOK

GET YOUR WRITING TASKS CORRECTED

Cambridge released an excellent AI writing correction service that will definitely
give you a helping hand if you're the kind of person that's going to practise a lot.
Apply the strategies you're going to learn in this book to the C1 tasks they give
you and see where you're going wrong.

If you'd like a more detailed and precise correction then I'll happily correct your
texts. for you, with a vide message, complete analysis of mistakes, things you can
improve and exam-style marks, not just a basic mark.

Write & Improve Issy's Corrections

writing feedback

[Link]

[Link]

USE THE VOCABULARY AND STRUCTURES

I've put everything here for you to use. Use the phrases in the vocabulary lists in
these books, follow the plans as I have written them. Use it as a base for your text
and then add your own ideas. This book is the product of years of C1 Advanced
teaching experience and extensive research, so you can trust the writing
structures.

vii
 INTRODUCTION

WRITING EXAM
OVERVIEW
Writing exam? What is it? Help?

Before we get too far into this, I want

to quickly break down the writing exam

PART 1: Essay PART 2: Report, Proposal,

Review, Email or Letter

Task 1 of the writing Task 2 of the writing exam gives you 3 options of
exam is always an tasks. You must pick 1 (whichever one YOU want),
essay. There's only one and write it. It will be one of the options you see on
option of essay, so you the left (report, proposal, review or email/letter).
have to write your essay Choose the one you feel most comfortable with, and
based on the task they the topic know the most vocabulary on.
give you.

At C1, the writing exam is 90 minutes long (1h30min), so

spending 45 minutes on each task is advisable.

viii
 WRITING EXAM OVERVIEW

PART 1
You will be given one essay
task that you must do.

All the instructions are also

clearly written at the top of
each page.

PART 2
3 options of tasks, you
need to choose one.

ix
 INTRODUCTION

COMPUTER OR
PAPER-BASED?

WHICH ONE SHOULD YOU TAKE?

When you apply to take your Cambridge C1 Advanced exam, you can choose to
either take the paper-based exam or the computer-based exam. The exams will
be exactly the same, just one will be done on a computer at your exam centre,
and the other without a computer. The speaking exam will never be computer-
based.

If you take the paper-based exam, you will need to write your answers on the
separate answer sheet, which looks like this:

paper based exam computer based exam

If you take the computer-based exam, you will need to type your answers up and
it'll look like this.

Word Copy and Edit work

ADVANTAGES: count on paste text more
computer easily

x
 INTRODUCTION

HOW YOUR WRITINGS

ARE MARKED
MARKS FOR EACH WRITING TASK
The first thing you need to know before preparing for the writing exam is how the
examiner is going to mark your texts.

Why is this important?

Well, by knowing exactly what they are going to give you marks for, and penalise
you for, you'll know exactly what they're looking for, so you only include the
necessary information, and you don't waste your time.

Each writing task is worth 20 marks

And because you're going to write two texts, the maximum number of marks you
can get is 40. This is how your 20 marks are distributed:

Communicative
Content Organisation Language
Achievement
Up to 5 marks Up to 5 marks Up to 5 marks
Up to 5 marks

Content You completely answered the task

You didn't completely answered it/wrote irrelevant things

Communicative Appropriate style for the task

Achievement Inappropriate style e.g. too formal or too informal

Organisation A logical and ordered text

Difficult to follow, not well structured e.g no/long paragraphs

Language Good range of vocabulary and grammar

Limited range, often used incorrectly

xi
 HOW YOUR WRITINGS ARE MARKED

CONTENT
To get as many content marks as possible, read the task very carefully, and only
answer what they've asked you for. e.g. In an essay on the task below, you MUST
answer if you agree/disagree, and your main paragraphs MUST talk about 2 of the
sub-topics only. If you talk about all three, miss a few out, or don't properly answer
the question, it'll affect your content marks.

COMMUNICATIVE ACHIEVEMENT
To get as many communicative achievement marks as possible, you need to be
communicating (writing) in the right style, to the right person. If you're writing an
essay, it should be formal/semi-formal. If it's too informal, you'll get lower marks.
The quality of your ideas are also important here; too simple = lower marks.

ORGANISATION
An organised text is a text that flows well. To make it flow well, you should use the
following:
Common linking words e.g. and, so, however, but, while
More complex linking phrases e.g. as mentioned in the previous paragraph, as a
result, while it may appear that ...
More subtle organisational patterns e.g. linking ideas in your paragraphs - To
conclude, taking all the aforementioned ideas into consideration.

LANGUAGE
If you make an effort to use C1 grammar and C1 vocabulary, and not only lower-
level words and grammar, you will do well in this area, if they're mostly used
correctly.

xii
 HOW YOUR WRITINGS ARE MARKED

Maximum 5 marks per category =

max 20 for each writing task.
You can get up to 40 for the whole
writing paper

a C1
rks is t
24 m
a for a
so aim ur
k, yo
mar 60% in s
t ise
leas xerc
me
exa

xiii
 01

CHAPTER 1

ESSAY
 PART 1 : ESSAY

ESSAY

Don't fear the essay!

Let's face it, there's no way to escape an essay. You know it's going to be
there, like that auntie you can't stand, but is part of the family so you have to
accept her. The good news is there'll be no surprises, as you'll be prepared. An
essay always has to be formal or neutral, it always has to discuss two
different points of view (so keep it balanced) and it should be interesting to
read. It should also include some fantastic essay phrases, which I'm going to
give to you.

ANALYSE A TOPIC
In your essay, you'll need to analyse a topic. This is why it's important to read
about different topics in English so that you're more familiar with them. These
might be topics like work, technology, space, news, the environment and so on.

ARGUMENTS
You are going to include different points of view on the topic, give some
examples and argue why you chose one over the other. Your opinion will be in
your conclusion.

EXPRESS YOUR OPINION

Although a large part of the essay is good structure, organisation and content,
we need to make use of the limited word count to show the examiners that
you're able to express yourself in writing. This means that the quality of your
opinions are important and the more you read about lots of topics, the more
advanced your English will become.

Let's jump right in!

1
 PART 1 : ESSAY

STRATEGIES

TIME YOU SHOULD SPEND ON IT

45 minutes
The whole writing exam is 90 minutes long (1h30 min). Practise
at home doing it in 45 minutes, so you get used to the time limit.

WORD COUNT
220-260 words
You won't be penalised for writing more or less, but if you write
less, you run the risk of not including everything. By writing too
much, you're probably including unnecessary information.

ARGUMENT
You will need to develop your points in the middle paragraphs, not
in the introduction or conclusion. This means making a point,
explaining why you said what you said and giving more information
to make your point stronger.

FORMAL
Use formal/neutral language
no contractions
use formal verbs (e.g. 'advise' instead of 'do this')
avoid most phrasal verbs
talk in the 3rd person (you can use the 1st person for
expressing your opinions in the conclusion)

3
 STRATEGIES

PEE (POINT, EXAMPLE EXPLANATION)

To create strong paragraphs, I recommend using the PEE method.
This means that when you start a new paragraph you're going to
make a point.
E.G.
POINT: Going to small shops instead of enormous
supermarkets is far better for the economy.
EXAMPLE: Even though it's a little more expensive for the
consumer, in the long-term, it'll support more families in my
community.
EXPLANATION: This is fantastic because...

TITLE
A title is not compulsory, but recommended. A good title will help
show the examiner that you're writing it in an appropriate style, will
show organisation, is another chance to show off your language
skills.

TWO POINTS ONLY

In every C1 Advanced
essay, you will be given a
topic to write about. They
will give you the sub-
topics pf two of your main
paragraphs, and you
must ONLY write about
two of them.

Choose the topics you

feel comfortable writing
about, and ideally the
topics that you know
some good vocabulary
on. Ignore the third point.

4
 STRATEGIES

ORGANISATION
Organisation is worth 25% of your marks in the writing exam. (More
information at the end of this guide about the 4 different marking criteria).
Therefore, it's important for your text to have a clear structure.

ESSAY
TOPIC

Sub- Sub-
topic 1 topic 2

BALANCED ARGUMENT
To make sure your paragraphs are organised too, there needs to be a
balance between both positive and negative points. When you're
practising at home, you can use this table to think about two different
sides of an argument. It's not necessary to write positive and negative
aspects in every single paragraph, but try to do so in one or two.

Positive Opinion Negative Opinion

e.g. Plastic is really convenient e.g. On the other hand, it

Topic 1 and much cheaper than other contaminates more and takes
materials 400+ years to decompose

Topic 2

Topic 3

5
 PART 1 : ESSAY

INTRODUCTION

Start with a fact, to introduce the topic and make it interesting.

Then, make it clear what the general topic is (by giving more
information)

EXAMPLE ESSAY QUESTIONS & INTRODUCTIONS

ed
a nc
v y
Ad essa se
ra It is widely known that smoking is cancer-causing and reduces life
ph expectancy. Back in the day the negative consequences were
t unknown, but with the information we have today, changes need to be
fac made.

ed
a nc
v y
Ad essa se
ra Recent research indicates that children today are spending an
ph
average of 2 hours playing video games every day. Studies also
t show that this quantity of time is constantly increasing, so it's time we
fac
addressed the issue.

d
n ce
va y
Ad essa se
ra
ph
Deforestation is a growing issue in today's society. With more
t people building and buying, more trees are being cut down, to satisfy
fac
our greed and desire. This however is not sustainable.

6
 PART 1 : ESSAY

PLANNING

Introduction Start with a fact, to introduce the topic and make it

interesting.
Then, make it clear what the general topic is.

Paragraph 1 Make your point (positive or negative) + Linking word

+Then, give extra information + Linking word + Give
extra extra information.
All your sentences must be relevant to the point.

Paragraph 2 Make your point (positive or negative) + Linking

word +Then, give extra information + Linking word
+ Give extra extra information.

Include a contrast to show you've thought about

Conclusion both points.
E.g. Although _____ are undeniably fundamental,
the benefits of ____ are far more important.
Include final opinion!

7
 PLANNING
use this page to plan your essays

Introduction

Paragraph 1

Paragraph 2

Conclusion

8
 PLANNING

answer this
question!

y plan
m
Once Simplistic, Now Futuristic

Introduction Fact: morbid obesity rates = higher than ever.

Paragraph 1 VOCAB: binge-watch, sedentary, fiddle,

Diet-related diseases rising . Extra info: more forms of sedentary
entertainment.
Sports centres motivate citizens. Fewer people suffering.

Paragraph 2 VOCAB: roots in nature, surface area,

More green spaces = happier people.
Extra info: Humans are animals who need nature.

Show contrast: Although gardens are important, healthy citizens are

Conclusion the most important

9
 PART 1 : ESSAY

MODEL ANSWER
Issy's example

Title Exercise: Once Simplistic, Now Futuristic

The twenty-first century is proving to be a time of huge change in society, and to

Fact human habits. Rates of morbid obesity are higher than ever, and cities are far
Introducing more concrete-clad than they were 50 years ago. Although many facilities are in
topic
desperate need of state handouts, financing a few could have more beneficial
results than others.

Sports centres have existed for centuries, due to humans’ desire to maintain

First topic-
good physical form. With the rise of technology and new forms of sedentary
points entertainment, such as binge-watching tv shows and fiddling with gaming
controls for hours on end, obesity and diet-related illnesses are sharply rising.
Extra info
Therefore investment in sports centres, with more innovative and cutting-edge
exercise machines could hugely motivate citizens to get more active, thus
decreasing the number of people suffering from such life-threatening illnesses.

Second
Another facility which is much appreciated across the globe is public gardens.
topic Studies have shown that cities with a higher surface area of green spaces have
Extra info citizens which are on average 57% happier than people who live in cities with
little access to meadows and green squares. After all, we are animals, whose
roots lie in nature, not cities.

10
 PART 1 : ESSAY

MODEL ANSWER
Issy's example

In conclusion, although public gardens are undeniably fundamental, I think

Linker
that the benefits of having healthy citizens far outweigh the need for more green
Final
opinion + spaces. Ultimately, healthy people put less of a strain on the public health
contrast
system and end up being far more productive employees. I therefore believe
sports centres require more urgent assistance.

252 words

11
 MODEL ANSWER 2
Issy's example
Your class has listened to a radio discussion about how adults can be a good
influence on younger people. You have made the notes below:

Ways adults can influence how

younger people behave:
Giving rules
setting an example Some opinions expressed in the discussion:
offering advice
“Sometimes it’s fun to break the rules!”
“If you admire somebody, you try to behave like
them.”
“Young people don’t always listen.”

Write an essay discussing two of the ways in your notes that adults can influence younger
people’s behaviour. You should explain which way you think is more effective, giving
reasons to support your opinion.

You may, if you wish, use the opinions expressed in the discussion, but you should use your
own words as far as possible.

Write an essay between 220-260 words.

Title How Adults Shape Teenagers' Behaviour

Teenagers are at a crucial stage of growth and development, both physically

Fact and mentally. During this period, young people are highly susceptible to the
Extra info
Introducing influence of those around them, including adults, and their influence can
topic
significantly have an impact on their behaviour. Grown-ups should guide
teenagers towards positive behaviours by setting a role model to look up to
and by offering them advice.

It is said that the way adults act can be a source of inspiration for teenagers.
First topic-
points For instance, if adults behave according to positive values such as respect,
honesty and empathy, teenagers are more likely to emulate these behaviours.
Extra info &
Conversely, if adults behave in a negative manner, teenagers may adopt
contrast
similar ways of acting. Adolescents behave in the same way their role models
do. Thus, it is important to set a positive example of conduct.

12
 MODEL ANSWER 2
Issy's example

In addition, grown-ups can influence teenagers by providing them with

Second
topic guidance and support. Young people often face complex issues such as peer

Extra info & pressure, academic stress, and mental health challenges. Although some
contrast
people may think that young people do not listen, the reality is that most do
take into consideration the advice they are offered. Adults’ positive inspiration
may help teenagers to make better choices.

In conclusion, adults have a significant role to play in shaping the behaviour of

Final
opinion teenagers and do so most effectively by setting a positive example and

extra info providing guidance. It is therefore essential that adults lead by example, as
they can have a lasting impact on the lives of the teenagers around them.

249 words

13
 EXAMPLE ANSWER
Issy's student's example

THE OLDER THE POPULATION GETS, THE MORE NEEDS THEY

HAVE

This phrase
seems
unnecessary, In this day and age, recent research indicates that the older population in
as you
already talk Spain is expected to grow further in the coming years. It goes without Great remark to
about include in an
‘recent’ saying that while life expectancy is getting higher and higher, the aspects introduction!
research
we should pay attention to are more and more varied.
This is great, now
use this statistic
to emphasise
On the one hand, the latest statistics show that almost 80% of older why living alone
causes problems
people live alone. Even though in many cases their health is better than
the young people’s, future diseases, possible dementia, some fears and This is quite
vague, try to
be more
dependence are the principal issues they will have to face. Therefore, in specific
order to ensure health care, help and simply company, nursing homes
should be available to all elderly people all over the country.

14
 EXAMPLE ANSWER
Issy's student's example

On the other hand, there should be a wide range of free-time activities

when citizens get older. There is little doubt that to live a very healthy life,
it is extremely important to maintain friendships, to keep a positive
attitude, to get some exercise and not to stress out too much. After all,
we are humans who need to socialise.

In conclusion, despite the fact that residential care homes undoubtedly A final
comment
justifying why
play a fundamental role in our society, I firmly believe that the benefits of you chose this
one would
enjoying more entertainment outweigh the need for more nursing homes. make your
conclusion
stronger

211 words

15
EXAMPLE ANSWER
Cambridge student's example

16
 PART 1 : ESSAY

EXAMPLE TASKS

the instructions
are clearly written
at the top

17
 PART 1 : ESSAY

TOP TIPS

CHECK OVER YOUR WORK

Once you've finished writing your essay, and any text that you do in the
exam and also at home, make sure you read over it and make sure
you've:

-Answered the question

-Given reasons for your points

-Written it in the right register

-Written it for the right person.

WANT ALL THE TIPS? THEY'RE ALL IN MY COMPLETE COURSE. CLICK HERE
FOR 20% OFF
 ESSAY

VOCAB
Introduction Result Linkers
One of the things that/it is widely Because of this/therefore/thus
known that/ As a result/for this reason/consequently
Nowadays/ in this day and age
In this essay I'm going to talk about
Recent research indicates that
Addition/Example Linkers
Not only … but … also
___ is a growing issue in today's
In addition
society
Another argument in favour of... is
Furthermore/moreover
Paragraph Starters A clear example of this is ___
First of all/firstly This is illustrated by ___
It is widely believed that For example/for instance
Secondly/Thirdly
It goes without saying that ____
There is little doubt that
Opinion
Without a doubt/personally speaking
Few people would dispute the fact
In my honest opinion
that
It is true that
It goes without saying that ___. A
I object to
clear example of this is ___ In
The benefits of... outweigh the disadvantages
addition, __ .Nevertheless, ____.

Contrast Linkers Conclusion

In conclusion/to sum up
On the one hand, on the other hand/
Taking all of this into consideration
in contrast
Despite the fact that ____X undoubtedly plays
Nevertheless, however
a role in ___, I firmly believe that Y ___
In spite of/ despite/ although/even
Although X ____ , Y ____ is undeniably the
though
preferred option of the two
As for ...
I certainly don't believe that
19
 02

CHAPTER 2

REVIEW
 WRITING PT 2

REVIEW

CREATIVE WRITING

If you like creative writing and showing off your vocabulary, then reviews are for
you! This is your chance to use all of those snazzy adjectives and adverbs you've
learnt, to really paint the scene. A review is normally of a film, a book, a tv show
(something that you have experienced) etc., which is going to be published in a
magazine or on a website. The tone may vary, depending on the type of review, so
you'll have to decide just how informal it should be. Reviews show both your opinion,
but also information, so a balance between the two is vital.

Descriptive Who? Positive Review?

Use lots of adjectives Make sure you're Make sure you make
and adverbs writing it for the right the recommendation.
person. Informal.

Negative Review? Title

Title not compulsory,
Mention reasons to
but highly
avoid
recommended

20
 REVIEW

STRATEGY

DESCRIPTIVE
What makes a review different from an essay, a report and a
formal letter is that you get the chance to be creative and
descriptive. If you think about when you read reviews about
restaurants, films etc., you really want to understand WHY the
person who wrote the review had a good or bad impression. If it
was the food, what specifically was it, was it too watery, too
sugary, was the restaurant overcrowded, and so on. So,
adjectives are KEY here! Your use of descriptive language will
affect your 'language' marks.

WHO
As with any writing task, you need to know WHO is going to
read it. In general, a review is always going to be informal, but if
it's for a website, you might want to be even more informal than
if you're writing it for a magazine.
It's important to take this into account because it will affect your
'communicative achievement' marks.

POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE
In the C1 advanced exam, a review will always ask you for your
opinion, more specifically, if you would recommend it or not. If
you're going to say you don't recommend it in your conclusion,
make sure the review includes mostly negative comments, but
as your writings should try to be balanced, you can also include
some positive comments too.

21
 STRATEGY

TITLE
I highly recommend including a title in your review. It's a good
way to set the tone (informal), be creative and a chance to have
fun.

EXAMPLE TITLES

For a restaurant you hated:

I wouldn't even feed this

food to my enemy's turtle.
For a film you enjoyed:

I was transported to heaven for

90 minutes

For a book you read in English

22
 REVIEW

PLANNING

Title Either fun or direct. E.g. review of....

General info about the thing you're reviewing.

Introduction
E.g. book: author, title, genre
Restaurant: location, cuisine, price range
Film: director, title, genre etc.
(This could also go in paragraph 1.)
I recommend a rhetorical question.

Give more information about it-answering the task!

Paragraph 1
E.g. talk about the plot (a book/film)
Talk about what happened (restaurant)
Go into more detail about your experience and opinion.
Remember, point, example explanation. (PEGEX)

Paragraph 2 A continuation of paragraph 1.

(optional) If you mention something different, put it in a

different paragraph.

Conclusion/ Make your recommendation. Should others

Recommendation experience it too, or not?

Who do you or do you not recommend it to?

23
 PLANNING
use this page to plan your reviews

Title

Introduction

Paragraph 1

Paragraph 2

Conclusion/
Recommendation

24
 PLANNING

plan
my
Title Hidden Figures coming out in the open

3 African-American mathematicians
Introduction
pioneering contributions to the NASA space programme

VOCAB: pay tribute, overcome barriers

Paragraph 1 -To show social barriers: sexism, racism...
-taught me about their personal struggles

VOCAB: milestone, unwavering commitment, portray

Paragraph 2 -Historical milestone
-To inspire women to be involved in STEM careers

Conclusion Highly recommend to those who like science and history

25
 PART 2 : REVIEW

MODEL ANSWER
Issy's example (this is a little more on the formal side)

Title Hidden Figures coming out in the open

(name of film) Hidden Figures is a captivating film that sheds light on the life of someone who
background info
made a significant contribution to society. Through its portrayal of the untold story
(WHO made an
important of three African-American women mathematicians in the 1960s, the movie
contribution to showcases the tremendous obstacles they faced while making groundbreaking
society)
what they did contributions to the NASA space program.

background info
The film not only pays tribute to these remarkable women who altered the course
Point 1 of history but also aims to highlight social barriers related to racial diversity, gender
equality, and workplace inclusion. As a viewer, I gained insight into the personal
struggles of the protagonists and the larger societal issues they confronted.
Extra info Throughout the film, the pervasive racism and gender discrimination of that era
are vividly depicted, serving as a stark reminder of the progress that still needs to
be made to ensure equal opportunities for everyone.

Point 2 - why The scenes featuring the protagonists' work at NASA and their unwavering
they made a
commitment to scientific rigour are presented in a compelling manner. This
contribution
portrayal has the potential to inspire future generations of women to pursue careers
Extra info in STEM fields, as it showcases the significance of their involvement.

Recommend In conclusion, Hidden Figures is an exceptional film that pays homage to the
exceptional contributions of Katherine Johnson, Dorothy Vaughan, and Mary
Jackson. It emphasises the importance of recognising and celebrating the
accomplishments of underrepresented groups in the realms of science and
technology. I wholeheartedly recommend this film to anyone with an interest in
history, science, or social justice.
220 words

26
 MODEL ANSWER 2
Issy's example (here’s a more informal example)
You have seen this announcement on an online platform.

We want your reviews NOW!

You recently dined at a restaurant, cafe, or eatery of your choice. Your task
is to write a review of this dining experience for an online platform or
magazine, evaluating whether it lived up to your expectations. Also mention
whether you would recommend it.

Write your review. Your review should be between 220 and 260 words.

Title Review of Gail's Bakery

Gail’s is supposedly an upmarket, posh bakery which promotes itself as being the
Background providers of the best brunch in the city. Their Instagram profile is ridden with
info
professionally-shot photographs of unbelievably glamorous sandwiches and pastries,
so how could you blame me for thinking it would be a positive brunch experience?

I went to the eatery on a Sunday morning. The décor was gorgeous, minimalist but with
More vintage characteristics too. I was amazed at the quality of the hand-made ceramic
description
of the place
crockery, and the glistening sugar-syrup which topped the pastries on the display.

Unfortunately, our experience did not live up to our expectations. When the café latte
Point 1 arrived, not only was it lukewarm, the coffee also tasted burnt and bitter. To top it off,
the home-made waffles that my mother ordered were completely raw and soggy in the
Extra info
middle, making them inedible. Hoping that the waitress would address the problem, we
were ready to order something else, but her careless attitude and disinterest in the
issue, was not cared for by us.

Point 2 The experience was evidently worse than what we were expecting, as in no way did
Extra info our brunch at Gail’s correspond with what they advertise, so we were left feeling
disappointed, and also robbed of our money.

Should you wish to celebrate a lovely meal with some friends, I would recommend
Recommend
somewhere going to Art Café around the corner instead of this disappointing bakery, where their
else customer service has always been top notch, and their food to die for.
247 words
27
 EXAMPLE ANSWER 3
Issy's student's example

An international arts magazine has asked readers to send in reviews of live

theatre performances they have attended. Write a review of a play or other
performance you have recently seen at the theatre. You review should briefly
describe the performance and should comment on its strengths and
weaknesses. You should also give your opinion on how good a venue the
particular theatre where you saw the performance is.

Cambridge
YOU CAN NOT MISS OUT IT. (303 words, too long) Advanced writing
tasks should be
beween 220-260
words
Going to the theatre to enjoy any of Goyo Jimenez’s life show live shows is
This sounds like a
an experience that you should never miss out. Last week I had the incredible very direct
translation from
luck of attending the last performance of Goyo Jimenez called Spanish. It’d sound
more natural to say
‘Aiguantulivinamerica part 3’ and I just can say that I almost die died of ‘I was lucky enough
to attend’
laughing laughter, believe in me.

This means to
cause harm to, do
Goyo Jimenez is by far one of the most excellent comics in Spain. He is crazy you mean his jokes
offends both
about American culture and he has found a brilliant subject topic to be Americans and
Spaniards? If not,
showing address/represent/portrait in a humorous tone, at the expense of this phrase doesn’t
work here.
laughing about both similarities and differences between Americans and Something can be
at the expense of
Spaniards. In this third part of the Aiguantulivinamerica’s show, Goyo something or
someone, but not
Jimenez has been was superb. at the expense of
‘laughing”

What strikes me the most about Goyo Jimenez's shows is how during for
about one hour and forty minutes, that it usually takes the show which is how
This word is used
long the show usually lasts, you cannot stop laughing. His way of making to describe people,
especially older
humour is quite sprightly and brilliant, full of an incredible bunch of mind- people, but not
abstract things.
blowing adjectives and rather descriptive language skills that allow you to
Very long
imagine in your mind the scene he is just describing has just described in sentence!
words as if you were part of it.

28
 EXAMPLE ANSWER 3
Issy's student's example A good way to
connect this
Nevertheless, If I have to say some negative points about Goyo Jimenez’s paragraph to the
previous one would
show, I would criticize his job for one reason: the overuse of swearwords, a be by saying
something like
boatload of cursing, so I think he sometimes steps out of the line, to be ‘despite his
exceptional story-
honest. telling skills and
laugh-out-loud
sense of humour’

But please don´t be put off by these two little pieces of constructive Criticism is
uncountable. We
criticisms above. It is by far a worthwhile performance; there is no doubt it is either say
criticism, or a
bound to be a box-office hit. I wish this performance were played in a piece of criticism,
but never 1
smaller theatre so as to be a bit closer to him. A big place makes you lost criticism.
between the laughter and applause from others. Anyway, I look forward to
the next Aiguantuilvinamerica show coming to light. What about you?

click here, or go to
[Link]

29
 EXAMPLE ANSWER 4
Cambridge student example

This student got 14/20 which is a pass! 12+ points is a pass

30
 REVIEW

VOCAB

book adjectives film/tv show

characters + scenes
plot fascinating storyline
scenery/ it is set in riveting script
ending unbelievable costumes
author/ was written by tremendous ending
bestseller well-written special effects
informative soundtrack
restaurant captivating director
compelling starring ...
good value for money riveting ... plays the lead role
waiters / head chef unforgettable
reasonable prices -
overpriced horrific
location/service/setting mind-numbing
sweet/savoury disappointing
heavenly appalling
indulgent shocking

recommendation adjective & noun collocations

+
wide variety
I suggest you
huge role
This _____ is highly recommended
brilliant performance
Everyone should see/do/visit...
a great deal of
My proposal is to...
box-office hit
-
I certainly wouldn't recommend
I (strongly) advise you (not) to
I would avoid it at all costs rhetorical questions
You should give ____ a miss
Have you ever ....
Don't bother
Would you ....

31
 REVIEW

a
grab rus! ACTIVITY
th esau

Write an informal synonym for each of these adjectives, to

practise your informal vocabulary!

interesting

fun

delicious

boring

slow

educational

run

eat

sleep

go

speak

cry
32
 03

CHAPTER 3

REPORT
 WRITING PT 2

REPORT

TO-THE-POINT, NOT CREATIVE

The idea of a report is to report a current/past situation, normally for a superior
e.g. a boss/teacher/manager. It is usually about a place you have been, a course you
have taken, something you have experienced etc.

You should about a few specific points in detail (these might be things that were a
problem, things that were positive) and at the end, make a suggestion on things
that could be improved. If you don't like creative writing, this is for you as it should
be dry, formal and to-the-point. Being creative and fun is not what you should do here.

Headings Impersonal Grammar

Used to structure your avoid the 1st person Use the passive voice
report, and they are for impersonality, and
and personal
conditionals for
necessary before every opinions opinions recommendation.
paragraph!

Formal and factual Title

Don't get descriptive. Absolutely
Present the facts, and compulsory. Keep it
the solutions. simple.

34
 REPORT

STRATEGY

TITLE
In a report it's necessary to write a title. The good thing is that it
only needs to be simple. So you can simply write:
Report on ________ (noun)
E.g. Report on quality of Erasmus classes
Report on productivity at work

HEADINGS
Something that makes reports very different in structure from
the other tasks is that it's also compulsory to use headings.
You should use a heading before every paragraph as a 'title'
for the topic of the paragraph. The good news is, these also only
need to be really simple, and summarise each paragraph. E.g.:

Report on x

Introduction
Your introduction

Quality of teaching
Information about quality of teaching

Quality of materials
Information about quality of materials

Suggestions
Your suggestions

35
 REPORT STRATEGY

IMPERSONAL
An impersonal text is a text with almost no personal opinion and
one that avoids the first person. A report should always be very
formal and impersonal because it's a professional writing, which
communicates facts, and not your thoughts and feelings (like
maybe a review or informal email to a friend). To make it
impersonal:
Avoid the 1st person (don't say I think, I feel, I would love, but
'it is thought, the staff have communicated that, .... would be
appreciated)
Use the passive voice

FORMAL & FACTUAL

As I mentioned above, a report needs to be formal and contain
mostly facts, and not personal opinions. You are presenting a
situation so talk about what happened but like you're writing to a
very important person, not your mum.

GRAMMAR
Your choice of grammar is important in any task, but in reports,
there are some structures you should definitely use, like the
passive voice and the conditional.
Passive: This is naturally impersonal and formal.

Conditional: This is a great way to make a recommendation

and use good grammar at the same time. E.g. the current
structure is known to be unproductive.
e.g. Based on the issues mentioned above, changing the
structure of the class would improve student satisfaction.

36
 REPORT

PLANNING

Title To-the-point. e.g. Report on ...

HEADING
Introduction Very short and direct. Should clearly mention what
you're going to talk about.

The aim of this report is to discuss/analyse/

outline x and y

HEADING
Paragraph 1 Very to the point.

Mention 1st point, give example, give explanation.

HEADING
Paragraph 2 Address the second topic.
Point, example and explanation.

HEADING
Paragraph 3 Address the second topic.
(optional) Point, example and explanation.

HEADING
Show off your conditionals here if you can when
Conclusion/ advising them to take your suggestion into account.
Recommendation If you take these recommendation on board.... (etc)
then x will happen. Keep it impersonal.

37
 REPORT PLANNING
use this page to plan your reports

Title To-the-point. e.g. Report on ...

HEADING
Introduction

HEADING
Paragraph 1

HEADING
Paragraph 2

HEADING
Paragraph 3
(optional)

HEADING

Conclusion/
Recommendation

38
 REPORT PLANNING

answer these
questions!

plan
my
Title Report on the use of technology in education

Heading: Introduction
Introduction
the aim of this report is to
-outline use of technology at our college
-make recommendations that will benefit the teachers

Paragraph 1 Heading: Physical Education

Point 1: virtual classes:compete virtually, boost
competitiveness
Point 2: leaderboard - gives them motivation
Paragraph 2
Heading: Art and Design
Point 3:graphic design software, increases job
prospects/skillset

Conclusion Heading: Recommendation

Visit both of the above, if time allows them

39
 PART 2 : REPORT

MODEL ANSWER
Issy's example

Title Report on the use of technology in education

Heading Introduction
The aim of this report is to illustrate the way technology is being used at our college.
Purpose
In recent years, technology has revolutionised the field of education. Due to new digital
tools, teachers are now able to create more interactive lessons that enhance student
learning.

Heading Physical Education

Technology is becoming increasingly popular in the field of Physical Education. To stay

Points relevant, virtual reality technology is used to provide students with interactive
simulations of sporting events or exercise routines. When weather conditions affect
outdoor activities, such as races and topography lessons, students can compete
Extra info
virtually thanks to a simulator. Besides that, online leaderboards, posted in the digital
platform of the college, boost competitiveness and give students motivation to improve,
since they can see who is doing best in class activities.

Heading Art and Design

The way Art and Design are taught has also been transformed by technology. Digital
Points art programmes and graphic design software allow students to experiment when
creating artwork. Nowadays, being able to manage these tools has become a required
Extra info skill for many jobs. Thus, our students learn how to use them to enhance their creativity
and skillset. Having good control of graphic design software would increase their job
prospects.

Recommendation
Heading
Although more days would be recommended to deeply corroborate to what extent
technology is being used at our college, attending these two lessons would give the
Recommen
teachers valuable insights into how they can integrate technology into their own teaching
-dation
practice. 238 words
40
 MODEL ANSWER 2
Issy's example

Title Report on personal achievements and problems faced during first 6 months

Heading Introduction
The purpose of this report is to communicate what has been accomplished, and
Purpose
problems that have been faced over the last half year, working as a primary
school PE teacher, and to offer suggestions to improve the experience for my
successor.

Heading Achievements
Much has been achieved since the start of the school year, with special attention
given to the following:
Points Improved fitness level among students
(bullet
points) Introduction of more exciting sporting activities
The under 12s have been pushed hard, and after implementing a new running
program, the average time per mile in cross-country has decreased by 30
Extra info seconds. Endurance has also improved significantly, and students are able run on
average 7 minutes longer compared to the start of the school year. This is a result
of the introduction of new training activities disguised as games, to make learning
more enjoyable.

41
 MODEL ANSWER 2
Issy's example

Heading Problems
A small number of issues have been faced, which if addressed could facilitate the
Point acclimatisation of any future teachers in the PE department. One stands out in
particular; the lack of being shown around amongst my arrival. This resulted in a
Extra info
fair amount of time being spent trying to explore and learn to get around the
extensive PE department and sports grounds.

Heading Suggestions
Although the first six months have been very smooth sailing, and many positive
Suggestions changes have been seen amongst the students, the supply of a floor plan or map
related to for new teachers, along with a guided tour of the school would significantly reduce
problems
confusion and feelings of being lost at the beginning.

258 words

42
 EXAMPLE ANSWER 3
Issy's student's example

Don’t forget
your title and
compulsory
headings! You
The aim of this report is to analyze how workers are struggling to work from should write
‘introduction’
home, enumerate the differences between doing their job from home and in the at the
beginning of
office, quantify how productivity has been affected, and, additionally, recommend the first one
ideas to achieve a better employee’ quality lives quality of life for/among the
employees.

Changes between working in the office and at home

Fantastic
A group of employees answered a questionnaire about smart working. The sentence, it
gives your
majority of respondents have hightailed highlighted that disrupted concentration argument
credibility!
has been an issue, especially for those who have kids. One of the staff members
confessed that It it was hard not to stop working when children asked for help. In
addition, workers also have mentioned the increased risk of overworking. With
the excuse that they were already at home, they have logged long hours, which
have translated into a blurred division between work and personal life.

Changes in productivity
According to the questionnaire, productivity has been affected as overworking
cases have increased. As we mentioned before, employees have been spending
more hours working. However, the extension of the workday did not imply more
work done. On the contrary, overworking has caused an increment of more cases
of burnout. For instance, the workers have described themselves as exhausted
and unmotivated.
43
 EXAMPLE ANSWER 3
Student example

Suggestions to improve the situation

In the light of the results of the questionnaire conducted among employees at

the company, my recommendations are as follows:
•Implement control work hours that turn off the CRM at the end of the regular
workday.
•Create safe spaces such as informal cheat chit chat meetings, where Great
recommendations.
workers can talk about how they feel at work. Don’t forget a
closing sentence
though, such as:
•Offer free daycare hours for parents. Should these
suggestions be
•Organize teambuilding activities taken into
account,
productivity and
overall morale
would be much
higher.

18/20, this is fantastic!

Click here for personalised

writing feedback or go to
[Link]
com/writingfeedback

44
EXAMPLE ANSWER 4
Cambridge student's example

45
 REPORT

VOCAB

Introduction Changes
The aim/purpose of this report is to There has been a significant
outline/discuss/highlight ... increase/decrease in...
This report sets out to (plans to/intends to)... A steady growth/decline has been
The focus of this report is on... observed in...
There has been a noticeable
shift/change towards...
Passive voice
First of all/firstly Certainty
It is widely believed that
It is evident/clear/certain that...
Secondly/Thirdly
There is no doubt that...
It goes without saying that ____
The evidence overwhelmingly supports...
There is little doubt that
Few people would dispute the fact that
Uncertainty
It goes without saying that ___
It is difficult to determine with certainty...
A clear example of this is ___
There is a degree of uncertainty
In addition, __
regarding...
Nevertheless, ____.

Suggestions/recommendations
Suggestions and recommendations:
If....would
Perhaps _____ could ____
If possible, _____ should… / in order to improve/enhance/resolve
Unless _____ does ____, the ____ won’t
_____ might _____ if
It would be advisable to/ It is crucial to implement
It might be more popular if
It would be a good idea to…
It would be beneficial to students – maybe even a conditional
46
 REPORT : PASSIVE

ACTIVITY

Change these ACTIVE phrases to PASSIVE ones, that could be used in your reports.
Answers on last page.

People believe that it's

a recurring problem e.g. It is believed to be a recurring problem

People think that about 100

people visit every day

Scientists have proven that the

root of the cause is global
warming

Some students study grammar on

the internet

Many people visit the town every

year

A lot of people agree that the

council must make changes

The teachers think that he needs

to be let go

Most customers agree that the

food was substandard

The employees at the company

desire change

Teachers think that the students in

year five are lazy

People believe that the council

isn't helping.

47
 04

CHAPTER4

PROPOSAL
 WRITING PT 2

PROPOSAL

Impersonal, serious and persuasive

A proposal is all about persuasive writing. It's also very similar in structure to a
report, which will make studying easier for you.

In the task, you will read the description of a situation, and most likely have to make
recommendations for changes the future, what actions could be taken. You might
have to write it for a superior, like a manager or a teacher, or peers. The person
you're writing to will affect the tone. Like a review, it will be impersonal, and full of the
passive voice. (while a report talks about a situation in the past, a proposal talks
about what could be done in the future!)

Headings Grammar
Title
Used to structure your Use the passive voice
Absolutely
report, and they are for impersonality, and
compulsory. Keep it
necessary before every conditionals for
simple.
paragraph! recommendation.

Impersonal
Formal and factual
avoid the 1st person
Don't get descriptive.
and personal
Present the facts, and
opinions opinions.
the solutions.
Also, be persuasive.

49
 PROPOSAL

STRATEGY

TITLE
It's compulsory. Keep it simple.
e.g. Proposal to....

HEADINGS
Just like in a report, every paragraph, including the introduction and
conclusion, must have headings. This is because proposals intend
to present clear, concise information, in an easy-to-read way. This
way, the person reading it knows exactly what you're going to talk
about in each paragraph.

Just like by using headings to make your text clear and impersonal,
you can also use bullet points of you'd like to put forward your
points nice and clearly, especially when listing various things.

GRAMMAR
Your choice of grammar in a proposal (and report) is very important,
and because it's such an impersonal text, I'm going to help you out
by recommending you use the passive voice for informality, and
conditionals to make recommendations.
This way, you're answering the task appropriately and also using
C1 grammar, killing two birds with one stone.

50
 PROPOSAL STRATEGY

Active Voice Passive Voice

personal formal and impersonal

My colleagues stated that It has been stated that working

they're unhappy with the working conditions could be improved.
conditions.

You could implement a bonus A bonus system to motivate

system to motivate employees. employees has been suggested.

FORMAL AND FACTUAL

Aside from your proposal being impersonal, you also need to keep it nice
and formal and also factual. This means avoiding long descriptive and fun
texts like you might include in a review, or informal email, and instead using
facts (which you can make up), formal vocabulary (so no slang, idioms and
avoid many phrasal verbs) and keep it serious.

IMPERSONAL
An impersonal text is one that avoids personal opinions and personal
grammar.
Avoid the first person.
I think, I believe sounds more like an essay.
It is thought, it is believed shows you're representing what people in general
think, but not YOU specifically. (just like in a review)

PERSUADE
The biggest difference between reports and proposals is that you have to
PROPOSE something at the end, normally a change of some kind or where
you think money should be invested, which is where conditionals come in
handy. E.g. If x were to be implemented, y would see an improvement...

51
 PROPOSAL

PLANNING

Title Proposal to...

HEADING (INTRODUCTION)
Introduction The purpose/aim/objective of this proposal is to
(outline)
This proposal is intended to show/evaluate/
analyse/discuss … that's it!

HEADING
Paragraph 1 Address the first point (or first and second point)
Point, example & explanation

HEADING

Paragraph 2 Address the second point

(optional) Point, example & explanation

Make sure you link your paragraphs.

HEADING (CONCLUSION/RECOMMENDATION)
Conclusion/
A closing statement which mentions the above ideas.
Recommendation
e.g. I hope that the plan outlined in this proposal meets
with your approval.
e.g. Implementation of the above ideas would result in
...

52
 PLANNING

Title
HEADING
Introduction

HEADING
Paragraph 1

HEADING
Paragraph 2
(optional)

HEADING
Conclusion/
Recommendation

53
 PLANNING

answer these
points!

y plan
m
Title Proposal to preserve...

Introduction
Intention of this proposal
Could be repurposed into something else

Paragraph 3 VOCAB: frowned upon, wear and tear, unfixable

Is a place of interest
It's well-loved and can be fixed

Paragraph 2 VOCAB: Influx, seating, co-working space

Not enough library space
Could be used by members of the public

VOCAB: extensive garden, extend

Paragraph 3 Propose changes- would make people happier
Wouldn't need to improve the university library

Suggestion use the conditional to show off your grammar!

Recommendation The above suggestions would solve other problems

54
 PART 2 : PROPOSAL

MODEL ANSWER
Issy's example

Title Proposal to Preserve the old fire station

Heading Introduction

Aim The aim of this proposal is to convince you to avoid the demolition of the old fire

station, a historical landmark in the city, which could be repurposed into a

place of great use to the local citizens.

A local legend
Heading
The old fire station has been a place of interest amongst the local community
Point 1-why it
should be ever since its erection. In a city filled with historical buildings such as this,
preserved
knocking down such a well-loved building would be frowned upon by the local

population. A fair amount of wear and tear has been suffered over the years, yet
Extra info
by no means is it unfixable.

Happier students
Heading
A recent study into the capability of the local university to accommodate to deal

with the huge influx of students in recent years, has demonstrated that there is a
Point 2-what
could be lack of library seating. Turning the old fire station into a co-working/study space
done
for public use would be a huge asset to the city. This space would serve:
Extra info
Students needing to find a study space

Members of the public wanting to work or study

55
 PART 2 : PROPOSAL

MODEL ANSWER
Issy's example

Heading A sensible renovation

Considering the old fire house has an extensive and luscious garden outside,
Point 2 -
what could the general mood of students would only increase, with its use. Not only would
be done
it make for a happier society, but it would also eliminate the need to extend the
Extra info
library to add more seating.

Suggestion/Recommendation

Implementation of the above ideas would both satisfy the needs of the student
Heading
population and avoid the destruction of a much loved building, therefore

Recommend considering them would be highly adviseable

or propose
(conditional)

261 words

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FOR 20% OFF OR GO TO:
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56
 MODEL ANSWER 2
Issy's example

Your school wants to do more to help its language students improve their communication skills and
has asked current students to write proposals making suggestions for what the school could do.

In your proposal you should explain what language students currently do to improve their
communication skills, describe any problems they have and recommend any activities or facilities
that the school should provide.

Write your proposal in 220-260 words.

Title Proposal to Improve Communication Skills

Heading Introduction

The aim of this proposal is to suggest some activities and make

Aim
recommendations to help improve students’ communication skills with regards to

the English language.

Heading. Current Methods

Point 1 Learners at our school are offered a range of dynamic activities to improve their

communication skills, especially interactive group activities such as role-playing,

Extra info
debates and presentations. Additionally, cross-curricular projects are designed to

put into practice all the contents that were taught during the lessons.

Heading Challenges

Despite these practical methods, many students still struggle with mastering
Point 2
communication skills. The lack of confidence in speaking could be one of the most
Extra info
significant challenges students have to face within a classroom; it has been stated

by some students that there aren't enough opportunities to practise outside the

facilities, furthermore, the number of hours per day they dedicate to the English

language seems to be far too few to consolidate what they have learned during

class time.
57
 MODEL ANSWER 2
Issy's example

Heading
Recommendations
It's highly adviseable that the following suggestions be taken into consideration:
Recommend
or propose Complementary English activities for students, such as the implementation of
(conditional)
cafe meetup groups to provide a casual speaking environment for those
seriously lacking confidence
A language-partner programme, to pair younger students with an older
'brother/sister', for those younger students to learn from those who have
experienced the same situation

By implementing the above suggestions, a drastic reduction in poor

communication skills will be seen as well as increasing the competence of the

school.

223 words

58
 EXAMPLE ANSWER 3
Issy's student's example

This is an
unusual word
choice, take a
look at the
Introduction phrases in the
This proposal has been written assembled to help the college create a course book for
a list of the best
special course for students who decide to study abroad. It includes a list phrases you can
To help use in this
overcome context
them/to of issues that all students cope with, and some solutions that allow
reduce the
impact of the overcoming them will be highlighted.
problems on
the students?
The original
wording Facing problems
sounds Many problems are faced/arise taken for granted when students decide to
unnatural.
study abroad. To name but a few, the main overwhelming ones are listed Housing types?
This doesn’t
as following: seem like an
overwhelming
Daily routines Accommodation Problems, such a location, expenses, housing types. problem, can
alone isn’t a you be more
problem, but Way of life if there a huge change. specific?
difficulty
adapting to it Difficulty adapting to new Daily routines.
is, just like
housing types
isn’t problem,
nor location, Benefits of the course
but distance
of residence It is crystal clear this course will bring crucial benefits. Firstly, like it will
from school
could be! addressed in your be given in each student’s own language to avoid any I see where
you’re going with
misunderstandings. On another note, this course will be crucial when it this, but
remember you’re
comes to reducing acclimatisation problems when arriving. And last but trying to face
and make
not least, it will help students to gain confidence and address many suggestions for
very specific
pressing day-to-day problems with ease. problems, which
seem vague here

59
 EXAMPLE ANSWER 3
Issy's student's example

What to include on the course?

In this proposal, a user survey between of/for students that have lived
abroad has been conducted so as to determine the 3 most important tips
that that course should include be included:
1. Finding accommodation: a list of the principal real estate agencies and
students’ residences.
2. Language classes: providing an intensive course in the language of the
country.
3. Integration tips: A contacts list either of other students from your country
or the members of university where you are going to study in, that helps
you to meet and greet other people to breaking the ice when arriving
there.

Conclusion
The idea of planning a special course to give giving further support to a great
slew of students seems to be a brilliant idea. If that course covers those 3
significant tips, the benefits for students will be guaranteed.
298 words (text should be 220-260 words)

60
EXAMPLE ANSWER 4
Cambridge student's example

61
 PROPOSAL

VOCAB

Title Introduction
Proposal to... The purpose/aim/objective of this
e.g. proposal to make significant proposal is to (outline)
changes to the beginners' language This proposal is intended to
course and propose cutting-edge show/evaluate/ analyse/discuss …
language activities to ensure its and provide suggestions for....
success.

Paragraphs
The general view seems to be
(use passives, to keep it formal)
It's clear from customer/student
....is still required”,
feedback that...
At the present moment,
It's worth bearing in mind that
A number of concerns were expressed by
issue/dilemma/obstacle/setback/difficulty
possible improvements can be identified
Opinions differ about
...... have been suggested
At the present moment
would be appreciated/valued

Suggestions Conclusion
I hope that the plan outlined in this
In light of the above, the following
proposal meets with your approval
suggestions should be adopted...
Implementation of the above ideas
I hope that the plan outlined in this
would result in
proposal meets with your approval...
the following actions ought to be carried
The following (improvements) are
out with a view of (improving...)
recommended:
It would be (highly) advisable to …
Should these recommendations be
implemented,...
62
 05

CHAPTER 5

EMAILS &
LETTERS
 WRITING PT 2

EMAILS/LETTERS

When given a letter or email in the exam, you need to be a detective. First look at the
task and decide if it needs to be formal or informal.
Is it from a friend? Does the task have an email which ends with -thanks? Then
it’s obviously informal.
Does the task ask you to write an email to an education centre requesting
information? It’s going to be formal.
Don’t try to write a formal email to a friend, because they will give you fewer points in
the exam!
Types of letters: Complaint, application, recommendation, letter to a friend, general
formal emails

Informal

Idioms Colloquial Vocab Contractions

You want to sound as Slang, phrasal verbs, Help keep it formal by
friendly and using contractions.
exclamation marks,
conversational as instead of writing 'do
possible. Use at least have fun! not', writ 'don't'
1.

Formal

Formal vocab No contractions Formal linkers

Instead of words like Instead of using words like
'yummy', say
Contractions are seen
'and, but, plus', take it to the
appetising'. Not sure as very informal, so next level and use
what words to use?
Use a thesaurus at write out your words 'furthermore, moreover'
home. in full.

64
 WRITING PT 2

STRATEGY: INFORMAL

IDIOMS
To get some high 'language' marks and to make sure you're writing
your email or letter in an appropriate style, the type of vocabulary you
use is fundamental. Idioms are a great way to a) use informal
vocabulary and b) use advanced English.
Simply writing 'Let's touch base soon', instead of saying 'let's talk
soon' is more impressive. I've added lots of idioms to the end of this
book for you.

COLLOQUIAL VOCABULARY
As I mentioned above, your vocabulary determines the tone.
When writing your email, avoid formal/lower level vocabulary and try
and replace your words with informal vocabulary.
E.g. instead of saying 'best friend', why not say 'bestie'?. You could
also switch for 'go for a walk' for 'go for a wonder', more advanced
and more colloquial.

CONTRACTIONS
A third way to make your text informal is to use contractions. This is a
quality of informal texts and should be avoided in formal ones.
Here are some examples of contractions

I would not = I'd

I am = I'm
I would not have = I wouldn't've

use a thesaurus at
home to find
alternative words
and learn new
vocabulary

[Link]
 WRITING PT 2

STRATEGY: FORMAL

FORMAL VOCABULARY
Just as you have to make an effort to use informal vocabulary in an
informal email, the same rule applies to formal emails. You can also
use the thesaurus link on the previous page to practise finding formal
words at home.

It's important to do this because if you don't write in an appropriate

tone in your exam, this will affect your 'communicative achievement
marks'. If your words aren't advanced enough, this will lower your
'language marks'

Look at the difference between these words:

I asked for a refund! I requested a refund

I The food was awful!

It was great! F The food was atrocious
The experience was utterly stupendous

NO CONTRACTIONS
Don't use contractions in any formal texts as these are used mostly
in informal contexts.

FORMAL LINKERS
To help you get more 'organisation' marks, and 'language' marks,
we not only need to use linking words, but use the right ones. There
are both formal and informal linking words, so make sure you always
remember WHO you're writing it for and choose your vocabulary
accordingly. I've given you lots of linkers at the end of this book.

66
 WRITING PT 2

TOP TIPS

WHO IS IT FOR?
This tip is more important than ever in an email, as there are so
many types of email. Most simply divided, they will either be formal,
or informal.
The person WHO it is for will completely determine if you're going to
write a formal or informal letter/email. You'll have to use logic here.

If the task says 'your friend has written you an email' it's obviously
informal, and you'll use slang, phrasal verbs, idioms and so on.
If it's your boss/manager/a letter of application or complaint, it will
be formal.

USE APPROPRIATE VOCABULARY

An informal email will have to use informal
vocabulary and grammar throughout,
A formal letter should make more of an effort to
use formal vocabulary.

In both cases, you should dhow off your grammar!

Don't dumb it down just because it's informal.

ANSWER THE TASK

Is a friend asking for suggestions? Make suggestions.
Are you applying for a job? Sell yourself (talking about the exact
skills they're asking for)

The amount of people who don't properly answer the task is

extremely high, so read it well! (underline key phrases in the task, so
you know exactly what the task is asking you to write about)

67
 EMAIL/LETTER

PLANNING

Opening Choose the formula based on if its formal/informal/if you

Formula know the name
e.g. Hey there [NAME], Dear Sir/Madam, Dear Mr. Smith,

Initial Your reason for writing this email/letter. Keep it short.

e.g. I am writing in regards to ... (formal)
Greetings
e.g. It's been ages! I hope you're doing well! (informal)

Paragraph 1 Start giving information they asked for

Point, example, explanation
e.g. The place I'd most recommend visiting is the X, because
[More Info] and [Explanation]

Keep responding to the points in the task

Paragraph 2
Point, example, explanation

Final Your 'conclusion', bring things to an end.

Remarks e.g. I look forward to hearing from you soon

Appropriate statement, then your name

Closing e.g. With love, Issy (informal)
Statement e.g. Yours sincerely, Isabella (formal)

68
 PLANNING

Opening
Formula

Initial
Greetings

Paragraph 1

Paragraph 2

Final
Remarks

Closing
Statement

Hey, I'm just stopping

by to say you're doing
great, I'm proud of you!

69
 PLANNING

y plan
m
Opening Hey David,
Formula
How've you been? It's been ages
Initial
Greetings

Paragraph 1 VOCAB:
Port meadow: natural beauty, local fauna (tourist trap)
Radcliffe camera: historic centre

VOCAB:
Bike: inexpensive: can borrow mine
Paragraph 2
Cycle lanes all around, hassle-free

Final Best of luck to your friends. Keep in touch

Remarks
Talk to you soon
Closing
Statement
70
 PART 2 : INFORMAL EMAIL

MODEL ANSWER
Issy's example

Opening
Hey David
Formula

How've you been, it's been ages. It’s a shame you’re not coming with your
Greetings
friends too, but I’m absolutely chuffed to be able to give them a helping hand.

Point 1-
places they A must when visiting oxford is definitely Port meadow, mostly because it’s not
can visit a tourist trap. It’s essentially a massive park, surrounded by unspoilt
landscapes and footpaths, and they’ll get a chance to see some of the local
Extra info
fauna.

Point 1 - Another brilliant attraction is the thousand-year-old underground library, called

places they the Radcliffe camera, which is bang in the middle of the historic centre. Aside
can visit
from being rich in history, its gothic architecture is pretty fascinating. I'm not
Extra info sure if you're friends have read up on the history of Oxford, but the university
is world-renowned and famous for being the home of the oldest english-
speaking uni in the world. They also filmed scenes of Harry Potter here, so
make sure they check it out!

When it comes to transport, travelling by bike is hands-down the cheapest and

Point 2 - best
way to travel also the most fun way to get around the city. Cycle lanes cover pretty much
around the whole city, which makes travelling hassle-free. On the other hand a 3-day

Extra info bus pass costs an arm and a leg, and walking is just a tad inconvenient, given
the immense size of the city centre. Plus, I’ve got lots of unused bikes I can
lend your friends.

Final
Anyway, I’ve got to get going, but best of luck to your friends.
Remarks
Closing Keep in touch and talk to you soon,
Statement Issy
250 words

71
 MODEL ANSWER 2: INFORMAL EMAIL
Issy's example

You receive this message from an English friend who has agreed to help manage your
shop for a day while you are away.

‘Hi - I’m looking forward to helping manage the shop next Saturday. But is there anything I need
to know about the staff? What about opening and locking up? Is there any other information I
should know? Send me an email, please.

Write your email in 220-260 words.

Opening Hi Sarah
Formula

Greetings Thanks a lot for offering to help at the boutique on Saturday. You can’t imagine what a

relief it is to know you’ll be there. You’re doing me a massive favour!

Point 2-
opening
Jim will slide the keys through your post-box on Friday afternoon. Can you get there at
and locking 8.45 a.m. on Saturday? The lock on the back door is a bit tricky, you need to pull the
up
Extra info
door towards you and then turn the key.

Point 2 -
opening
Then, when you go in, you’ll need to turn on the lights. The electrical box is in the
and locking office, kinda hidden away at the back, next to the cupboard. Push down the two black
up
Extra info
switches. After this, check all the clothes on the shelves are folded neatly and the
window exhibition is okay. Open the shop door at 9.00 a.m.

Point 1 - Now, there’re a few things I need to tell you about the employees. You probably
about the
staff
remember Julia, well she’s a nice girl. I mean she’s really good at getting the boutique
tidy, but she’s extremely timid and if there’s a problem with a customer she’s not good
Extra inf
at sorting things out. So if you see her having any problem, please give her a helping
hand. I should also let you know that the cashier, Jamie is a bit blunt, so don't take
what he says personally.

Point 4
At 5.30 p.m. you can start to close up. Remember to turn off the lights and turn on the
Final burglar alarm. I’ll come to your house to get the keys on Sunday. If you have any
Remarks
problems, just give me a ring.

Closing
Thanks a bunch!
Statement Issy 268 words

72
 EXAMPLE ANSWER 3: INFORMAL EMAIL
Issy's student's example

Hi Chris

It’s so great to hear from you! It’s been ages since the last time we saw each
other! I’m so glad you are coming to my town.

There are plenty of options of things to do in your spare-time. If I were in your

shoes, I definitely would want to have some relaxation and disconnection from
work. So, Torre Blanca is a must, plus isn’t a tourist trap. It’s an open-air-
peaceful meadow with a modest lake. I recommend you renting a boat if you
want to add a bit of adventure. That’s a perfect plan for the weekend, so you Too formal for
an informal
have all day long to appreciate the numerous options of this enormous park. [Link]
I’ve just could say ‘the
learnt a new neverending
word! It options of ...’
A bit of fun it’s always a plus. So, I suggest going to a local restaurant/bar
turns
out this is called “La Masia” for the craic! I totally assure you’ll have so much enjoyment.
commonly This sounds quite
used in Each night, they organise a Q&A quiz night, karaoke nights and so on. That’s unnatural. You
Ireland, but could
I’d never the perfect place also to meet new people, who knows maybe you will be say ‘you’ll have a
heard it blast’/’have the
before. meeting your future wife in there! I’m was just kidding! time of your life’

Anyway, drop me a line if you have time. It would will be a pleasure to meet
you and spent spend some time togehter together.

Keep in touch,
Lorena (203 words, too short)

73
EXAMPLE ANSWER 3: INFORMAL EMAIL
Issy's student's example
EXAMPLE ANSWER 4: INFORMAL EMAIL
Cambridge student's example

75
 PLANNING: LETTER OF APPLICATION

y plan
m
Opening Dear Mr. Jones,
Formula

Initial I am writing in response to...

Greetings

Paragraph 1 Have been living here for years. Enjoy exploring (know the area)

Have taken web design courses

Paragraph 2 I am a freelancer (interested in web design)

Paragraph 3 Lived in Canada for 6 months (can speak English)

Final I would be grateful if...

Remarks

Closing Yours sincerely,

Statement

76
 MODEL ANSWER 1: LETTER OF APPLICATION
Issy's example

Opening Dear Sir/Madam,

Formula

I am writing in response to an advertisement I came across on your website,

Greetings
regarding the job opening for a tourist web designer. I believe I would be a
suitable candidate for the following reasons:

Linking word
Point 1- Firstly, I consider myself an expert when it comes to hidden gems and
knowledge of knowing this city well. This is due to the fact that I have been living here for
the area
well over 3 years. Furthermore, I consider myself to be extremely
Extra info adventurous, I thoroughly enjoy exploring, which, in turn, has allowed me to
discover many places that many locals are not even familiar with.

linking Regarding my experience in web design, I have spent the last 4 years working
phrase
Point 2-
as a website design freelancer. Prior to freelancing, I had demonstrated great
interested in interest in web design, having taken courses in the subject from as young as
web design
12 years of age. I had the privilege to learn coding and graphic design from
said courses. As a result, I have designed a wide variety and styles, which
Extra info would most certainly be beneficial at your company.

Linking phrase Last but not least, I am a proficient English speaker; I lived in Canada for six
Point 3 - can
speak months where I was able to develop both speaking and writing skills, and ever
English since, I have made a huge effort to maintain relationships and conversation
Extra inf
with English speaking people.

Final I would therefore be grateful if you could consider my application. I look

Remarks
forward to hearing from you.

Closing
Statement
Yours Sincerely,

Issy

246 words
77
 MODEL ANSWER 2: LETTER OF APPLICATION
Issy's example

Your college has an exchange programme with a number of colleges in foreign countries.
You wish to take part in the programme. You have filled in an application form and must also
write a covering letter to your college director in support of your application.
Your covering letter should explain:
which college you would like to attend
how you will benefit from the programme
why you are the best candidate

Now write your letter in 220-260 words.

Opening Dear College Director,

Formula

I am writing to express my keen interest in the new exchange programme recently

Reason for
writing introduced by our esteemed university. I firmly believe that this programme presents a
Answers remarkable opportunity for me to immerse myself in a foreign student community, and
question 1 therefore, I would like to seize the chance to travel to Ireland and enroll at University

College Dublin for the remaining two semesters of my degree.

Answers Primarily, participating in this programme would not only provide me with the invaluable
question 2 experience of living in a different country but also offer me the opportunity to exchange
Extra info
and embrace diverse cultures. Moreover, this immersive environment would greatly
enhance my English language skills as I would be constantly exposed to the language
in both academic and social settings. Additionally, spending a year abroad would foster
my personal growth, cultivating independence and enabling me to confront unique
situations that are seldom encountered within my current surroundings.

Furthermore, I strongly believe that I am an ideal candidate for this Dublin exchange
Answers
programme. I am naturally outgoing, relishing the chance to meet new individuals from
question 3
Extra info various backgrounds on a daily basis. Furthermore, I am a conscientious student who
approaches her academic responsibilities with utmost dedication. Consequently, I am
eager to broaden my horizons and expand my intellectual pursuits within this new
academic environment.

Final I earnestly hope to be granted the opportunity to embark on this transformative journey
Remarks and make the most of the countless advantages this programme affords.

Closing Thank you for your consideration.

Statement
Yours faithfully,
Isabella 256 words
78
 MODEL ANSWER 1: LETTER OF COMPLAINT
Issy's example

You rented a car from Renting Company. The heating system has stopped working. You phoned the
company 10 days ago but it still has not been repaired. Write a letter to the company. In your letter:
introduce yourself
explain the situation
say what action you would like the company to take

Write your letter of complaint in 220-260 words in an appropriate style on the separate answer sheet

Opening Dear Sir/Madam,

Formula

Reason. for I am writing to complain about the problem with the heating system of the car which I
writing rented on 14th April.

Answers My name is Ms. Smith and I work as a saleswoman, which requires driving minimum
point 1 6 hours a day. In the cold weather we have now, driving a car without a functional
Extra info
heating system is terrible uncomfortable and dangerous, since the windscreen mists
up while driving.

Answers
point 2 The car I rented is a Lexus ES 300h with the registration number WVG019. I rented
Extra info this car from your Violet Hill rental office, located in Finsbury Park, London. I was
assured that the car was optimal and in full working condition but I noticed a fault
with the heating system on the same day I picked the car up. It worked for a mere 2
hours before shutting off and could not be turned on later.

Answers In an attempt to resolve this matter, I phoned your customer line service 10 days ago
point 2 and I was reassured by one of your staff members that I would get a replacement
Extra info
car within 48 hours. It is therefore immensely disappointing that I have not heard
from them since that day.

Answers
Given the circumstances, I am requesting an immediate replacement of the car and
point 3
Final Remark expect a reply from you as soon as possible. I also consider I deserve an apology
and an appropriate compensation for the inconvenience caused to me.

Closing
Statement Yours faithfully,
Ms. Smith 240 words
79
 MODEL ANSWER 2: LETTER OF COMPLAINT
Issy's example
You are a regular customer of a local restaurant. The last time you ate there, however, you felt that the
standards had dropped slightly. Write a letter explaining why you were disappointed and suggesting what
could be done to improve the situation.

Write your letter of complaint in 220-260 words in an appropriate style on the separate answer sheet

Opening Dear Mr Jones,

Formula
I am writing to express my total dissatisfaction with the quality of food and service
Reason. for
writing I received at your restaurant last Friday.

While your service and food is usually of a very high standard I felt that, on this
Point 1
Extra info occasion, it left a lot to be desired. The preparation and presentation seemed
hurried and careless and neither my guest nor I felt inclined to finish our meal.

Additionally, the service was not what I had come to expect from your
Point 2 establishment, based on previous experiences there. Our waiter was rather
Extra info
inattentive and slow. Even though the reason for my visit was to entertain my
friend, I was somewhat disturbed at the apparent fall in standards. On the basis of
my previous experience, I had promised my guest an especially memorable
dinner, and was as a result deeply embarrassed to be proven wrong.

Might I suggest that, as the manager, it would be advisable for you to oversee the
Suggestions
preparation of food personally. Running a restaurant is very demanding, but the
Extra info standard of the food served is of utmost importance. Regarding the service, I
would suggest that you speak to the waiter to ensure that other customers are not
inconvenienced as we were.

I look forward to hearing from you as soon as possible. In the meantime, I hope
Final
Remarks that you will look into this situation as a matter of some urgency, and that the
service offered by your staff will improve.

Closing Yours sincerely,

Statement

Isabella 248 words

80
 MODEL ANSWER 1 : GENERIC FORMAL LETTER
Issy's example

You work for an international company. Someone from the Australian branch of your
company is coming to work In your branch for three months. Write a letter to your
Australian colleague, explaining what you think is distinctive about your branch
and the people who work there. You should also give some advice about how the
visitor can make the most of their free time while they are in your country.

Write your letter.

Opening Dear Australian Colleague,

Formula
I hope this letter finds you well and brimming with excitement for your upcoming three-
Reason. for month stint at our branch. I wanted to take this opportunity to share some insights
writing about our branch's distinctiveness and the remarkable individuals who comprise our
workforce. Additionally, I would like to offer you some guidance on how to make the
most of your leisure time during your stay in our country.

Point 1 First and foremost, our branch is known for its unique atmosphere, characterized by a
Extra info harmonious blend of camaraderie and professionalism. The collaborative spirit among
our team members creates an environment that fosters creativity and cooperation. We
pride ourselves on our strong work ethic and dedication to delivering high-quality
results.

During your free time, I encourage you to explore the captivating natural beauty of our
Point 2
country. Whether it's a leisurely hike in the countryside, a visit to our stunning beaches,
Extra info
or an adventure in one of our national parks, there are endless opportunities to
immerse yourself in the breathtaking landscapes our country has to offer.
Furthermore, take the time to embrace our cultural heritage by visiting historical sites,
museums, and local markets. Engaging with the local community will provide you with
a deeper understanding of our traditions and way of life.

Lastly, don't miss the chance to indulge in our diverse culinary offerings. From
Point 2 traditional delicacies to international cuisines, our country's food scene is a tantalizing
Extra info journey for your taste buds.

In conclusion, I extend a warm welcome to our branch and our vibrant country.
Final
Remarks Embrace the unique qualities of our branch and its people, and relish the beauty and
cultural experiences that await you. I look forward to working alongside you and wish
you a fulfilling and enjoyable stay.
as you can tell, the tone of this
Closing letter is not as cold as the
Statement Best regards, previous ones. YOU need to read
the task and judge just how
Isabella 263 words formal it should be.

81
 MODEL ANSWER 2 : GENERIC FORMAL LETTER
Issy's student's example

The firm that you work for would like to use an external IT company to maintain
equipment and train employees. Write an email to an TI company that has been
recommended to you.
Your email should explain:
what your firm does, what kind of maintenance work you require, and why your training
needs are urgent.

Write your email.

Opening Dear Sir/Madam,

Formula
I hope this email finds you well. I am writing on behalf of Smith and Sons, an esteemed
Reason. for organization in the digital marketing. We have received a recommendation for your
writing exceptional IT services and would like to discuss the possibility of engaging your expertise
Point 1-who
for equipment maintenance and comprehensive employee training.
we are

As a leading player in our industry, Smith and Sons relies heavily on cutting-edge
Point 2- technology and equipment to streamline operations and drive innovation. Therefore, we
maintenance require a comprehensive maintenance plan including routine inspections, prompt
work we troubleshooting, and proactive measures to minimize costly downtime and ensure
require uninterrupted workflow.
Extra info
In addition, our training needs are becoming increasingly urgent. We recognize the value
of a highly skilled workforce in adapting to the evolving world of technology. We seek a
tailored training program covering software applications, cybersecurity, and data analytics.
This will empower our employees with advanced skills, enhancing productivity and
Point 3-why
it's urgent maintaining our competitive [Link] demonstrate the urgency, we recently experienced a
Extra info security breach resulting in significant data loss and disruptions. This incident showed us
the critical need for comprehensive cybersecurity training to prevent future vulnerabilities
and ensure data integrity.

In conclusion, we are interested in partnering with your esteemed IT company to address

our equipment maintenance requirements and implement training programmes. Your
expertise and reputation make you an ideal collaborator. We look forward to discussing the
details and establishing a work relationship.
Final
Remarks Thank you for your attention, and we eagerly await your prompt response.

Closing Sincerely,
Statement
Isabella, Operations Manager 247 words
82
 EMAIL/LETTER

VOCAB

INFORMAL EMAILS/LETTERS
Hello [NAME]
OPENING Hey there [NAME]
FORMULA Hi [NAME}

How have you been? It’s been ages…

INITIAL It’s so great to hear from you!
GREETINGS How’s it going?
What's up?
How're you holding up?
How's life treating you?

MAIN
PARAGRAPHS

FINAL Drop me a line if you have time

REMARKS Hope to hear from you soon
Best of luck and keep in touch
Well, that’s all for now
Anyway, I should get going
Sorry for the delay in replying
I'm really looking forward to hearing from you
soon!

Take care!
CLOSING Talk to you soon,
STATEMENT Love from,
Cheers,
Best wishes,
Warm regards,

83
 EMAIL/LETTER

GENERIC FORMAL EMAIL/LETTER

Dear Sir/ Madam,

OPENING Dear Manager,
FORMULA To whom it may concern (if you don't know who
it's for
Dear Mr. [SURNAME] - for a man
Dear Ms. [SURNAME] - for a woman

I am writing to inquire about...

INITIAL I am writing in response to...
GREETINGS I am writing to inform you of...
I am writing to express my _______ for...
I am writing to request your assistance with...
I am writing to bring to your attention to...

MAIN
PARAGRAPHS
Thank you for your attention to this matter.
FINAL I look forward to hearing from you soon.
REMARKS Should you require any further information, please
do not hesitate to contact me.
Thank you for your time and consideration.
I appreciate your prompt assistance in this regard.
I would be grateful for a timely response.
If you have any questions or need clarification,
please let me know.

CLOSING Yours faithfully (if you don’t know the name of the
STATEMENT person)
Yours sincerely (if you do know the name of the
person)

84
 EMAIL/LETTER

LETTER OF COMPLAINT
Dear Sir/ Madam,
OPENING Dear Manager,
FORMULA To whom it may concern (if you don't know who
it's for
Dear Mr. [SURNAME] - for a man
Dear Ms. [SURNAME] - for a woman

I am writing in order to make a complaint about

INITIAL I am writing to express my strong dissatisfaction
GREETINGS with...
I am extremely disappointed with the
service/product provided by...
I regret to inform you that...
It is unacceptable that...
I was shocked by ...
I am writing to request compensation for the
damages caused by...
MAIN
PARAGRAPHS
I hope you will take my complaint seriously.
FINAL Thank you for taking the time to read and consider
REMARKS my complaint.
I hope that you will take the necessary steps to
address the issues I have raised.
I appreciate your attention to this matter and look
forward to a prompt response.
Please let me know if you require any further
information from me.

CLOSING Yours faithfully (if you don’t know the name of the
STATEMENT person)
Yours sincerely (if you do know the name of the
person)

85
 EMAIL/LETTER

LETTER OF APPLICATION

Dear Sir/ Madam

OPENING Dear Manager
FORMULA To whom it may concern (if you don't know who it's
for
Dear Mr. [SURNAME] - for a man
Dear Ms. [SURNAME] - for a woman

I have just seen your advertisement in ...

INITIAL I am writing to express my interest in the [Position]
GREETINGS role at [Company Name].
I am writing to submit my application for the
[Position] position at [Company Name].

I think I am suitable for the role because…

MAIN I have [Number] years experience working as a [Job
PARAGRAPHS title]
My qualifications include…
My knowledge in [Subject] is ...
I am currently working as a [Job Title]

Thank you for taking the time to consider my

FINAL application.
REMARKS I look forward to the opportunity to further discuss
my qualifications for the position.
I appreciate your consideration and hope to hear
from you soon.
Thank you for your time and attention to my
application.

Yours faithfully (if you don’t know the name of the

CLOSING person)
STATEMENT Yours sincerely (if you do know the name of the
person)

86
 INFORMAL EMAIL

ACTIVITY

change these formal phrases to informal ones, that could

be used in your informal email

What a delightful meal e.g. that nosh was well good

The day was truly enjoyable

He was frankly quite rude

I telephoned her

She spoke rather aggressively

I despised the flavour

The odour was unbearable

She's a brisk walker

It was incredibly engaging

An appealing scent

I don't understand

87
 INFORMAL EMAIL ACTIVITY

Look up these appropriate and commonly used slang words in

Urban Dictionary, jot them down here and use them in your
very informal writings.

scrummy

rank

gross

dodgy

nosh/grub

the bee's knees

bloke/fella

fiver/tenner

quid

chuffed

rubbish

knackered

88
 ANSWERS: PASSIVE VOICE ACTIVITY

Change these ACTIVE phrases to PASSIVE ones, that

could be used in your reports and proposals. Answers on
last page.

People believe that it's

a recurring problem e.g. It is believed to be a recurring problem

People think that about 100 people e.g. It is thought that about 100 people visit every
visit every day day/100 people are thought to visit every day
Scientists have proven that the root e.g. It has been proven that the root of the cause is global warming.
of the cause is global warming Global warming has been proven to be the root of the cause.

Some students study grammar on e.g. Grammar is studied by some students on the
the internet
internet.
Many people visit the town every e.g. The town is visited by many people every
year year.

A lot of people agree that the

e.g. It is agreed by many people that the council must make
council must make changes changes/that changes must be made by the council.

The teachers think that he needs to

e.g. It's thought by the teachers that he needs to
be let go be let go.

Most customers agree that the food

e.g. It is agreed by most customers that the food
was substandard was substandard.

The employees at the company e.g. Change is desired by the employees at the
desire change company.

Teachers think that the students in e.g. It's thought by teachers that students in year five
year five are lazy are lazy. Students are thought to be lazy by teachers.

People believe that the council isn't

e.g. It's believed that the council is not helping.
helping.

89
 CONCLUSION

EASY WITH ISSY

Congratulations on completing this ebook about writing strategies for the

Cambridge English C1 Advanced exam! By now, you should have gained some
useful insights and practical tips that will help you succeed in the writing
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90
 “You are where you are and what you are
because of yourself. Everything you are today,
or ever will be in the future, is up to you. Your
life today is the sum total result of your
choices, decisions and actions up to this point.
You can create your own future by changing
your behaviours. You can make new choices
and decisions that are more consistent with the
person you want to be and the things you want
to accomplish with your life.”
-Brian Tracey

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