HIGHER NATIONAL DIPLOMA MOCK 2025
COURSE TITLE NURSING SCIENCE
COURSE INSTRUCTOR Ms. CHAO PRINCESS Time 3 HOURS
SECTION A: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS ( 25 MARKS)
Answer all the following by choosing the right answer
1. Which of the following is the primary purpose of the nursing process?
- A) To diagnose medical conditions
- B) To provide a framework for delivering patient care
- C) To prescribe medications
- D) To perform surgical procedures
2. A nurse is assessing a patient with chest pain. Which assessment finding is most critical?
- A) Blood pressure 120/80 mmHg
- B) Heart rate 98 bpm
- C) Oxygen saturation 85%
- D) Patient reports pain at 6/10
3. Which of the following is an example of a nursing diagnosis?
- A) Hypertension
- B) Risk for infection
- C) Diabetes mellitus
- D) Asthma
4. When administering medications, the nurse must adhere to which of the following rights?
- A) Right patient, right drug, right dose, right route, right time, right documentation
- B) Right patient, right medication, right time, right route
- C) Right medication, right documentation, right patient
- D) Right time, right patient, right documentation
5. What is the primary goal of patient education?
- A) To inform patients about hospital policies
- B) To promote adherence to treatment plans
- C) To fill out discharge paperwork
- D) To provide entertainment during hospital stays
6. A patient is diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. Which dietary plan is most appropriate?
- A) High carbohydrate diet
- B) Low-calorie diet
- C) Balanced diet with controlled carbohydrate intake
- D) High protein diet
7. Which nursing intervention is prioritized for a patient experiencing anaphylaxis?
- A) Administering antihistamines
- B) Establishing an airway
- C) Monitoring vital signs
- D) Providing reassurance
8. In which phase of the nursing process does the nurse evaluate the patient’s progress toward goals?
- A) Assessment
- B) Diagnosis
- C) Planning
- D) Evaluation
9. What is the primary focus of hospice care?
- A) Cure the disease
- B) Provide relief from pain and symptoms
- C) Extend life at all costs
- D) Administer aggressive treatments
10. A nurse is caring for a patient with a newly placed central venous catheter. What is the priority
nursing action?
- A) Assess the insertion site for signs of infection
- B) Educate the patient on catheter care
- C) Document the procedure in the patient’s chart
- D) Flush the catheter with saline
11. Which of the following is essential when performing hand hygiene?
- A) Use of gloves
- B) Rinsing hands with water only
- C) Using soap and water for at least 20 seconds
- D) Wiping hands on a towel
12. During a medication reconciliation, the nurse discovers a discrepancy in the patient's medication
list. What should the nurse do next?
- A) Ignore the discrepancy
- B) Report the discrepancy to the healthcare provider
- C) Change the medication without consulting the provider
- D) Document the discrepancy in the patient’s chart
13. Which of the following is a sign of dehydration?
- A) Increased urine output
- B) Moist mucous membranes
- C) Dry skin
- D) Weight gain
14. What is the primary ethical principle guiding nursing practice when caring for patients?
- A) Justice
- B) Autonomy
- C) Beneficence
- D) Nonmaleficence
15. A patient is prescribed a new medication. What should the nurse assess before administering the
drug?
- A) The patient’s knowledge of the medication
- B) The patient’s vital signs
- C) The patient’s allergies and current medications
- D) The patient’s family history
16. Which assessment finding is most concerning in a patient with heart failure?
- A) Peripheral edema
- B) Increased respiratory rate
- C) Fatigue
- D) Weight gain
17. When caring for a patient with a history of substance abuse, what is the nurse’s priority?
- A) Monitor for withdrawal symptoms
- B) Provide education on substance use
- C) Refer to a rehabilitation program
- D) Document the history in the chart
18. Which of the following is an important consideration when caring for older adults?
- A) They require less hydration than younger adults
- B) They are less susceptible to infections
- C) They may have multiple chronic conditions
- D) They do not need regular health screenings
19. What is the primary goal of palliative care?
- A) To hasten death
- B) To cure the underlying disease
- C) To improve quality of life for patients with serious illnesses
- D) To provide only physical care
20. Which route of medication administration provides the fastest therapeutic effect?
- A) Oral
- B) Subcutaneous
- C) Intravenous
- D) Intramuscular
21. A nurse is teaching a patient about the importance of medication adherence. What is the best way
to encourage adherence?
- A) Provide written instructions only
- B) Discuss the benefits of the medication and potential side effects
- C) Emphasize the consequences of non-adherence
- D) Schedule frequent medication reviews
22. What should the nurse do first when a patient is found unresponsive?
- A) Call for help
- B) Check for a pulse
- C) Begin CPR
- D) Open the airway
23. A patient with a history of hypertension is prescribed a new antihypertensive medication. What
should the nurse monitor?
- A) Blood glucose levels
- B) Liver function tests
- C) Blood pressure
- D) Electrolyte levels
24. In which situation would the nurse use the SBAR communication tool?
- A) Documenting patient care
- B) Reporting a patient’s condition to a physician
- C) Educating the patient about their diagnosis
- D) Conducting a patient assessment
25. Which of the following is a common side effect of opioids?
- A) Diarrhea
- B) Sedation
- C) Increased appetite
- D) Hyperactivity
26. What is the most effective way to prevent the spread of infection in a healthcare setting?
- A) Wearing masks at all times
- B) Hand hygiene
- C) Using gloves for all patient interactions
- D) Isolating patients
27. What is the priority nursing intervention for a patient with a suspected stroke?
- A) Administer aspirin
- B) Perform a neurological assessment
- C) Monitor vital signs
- D) Start an IV line
28. Which of the following best describes the role of a nurse practitioner?
- A) To provide only basic patient care
- B) To diagnose and treat patients independently
- C) To assist physicians in surgeries
- D) To only perform assessments
29.A patient is experiencing a panic attack. What is the best nursing intervention?
- A) Encourage deep breathing
- B) Leave the patient alone to calm down
- C) Administer medication immediately
30. During a health education session, what is the most effective way to engage patients?
- A) Lecture them on health issues
- B) Provide brochures only
- C) Encourage questions and discussions
- D) Use medical jargon to explain concepts
31. Which ethical principle emphasizes the importance of keeping promises and commitments in
nursing?
- A) Autonomy
- B) Fidelity
- C) Justice
- D) Beneficence
32. In the context of nursing ethics, what does the term "autonomy" refer to?
- A) The obligation to do good
- B) The right of patients to make informed decisions about their care
- C) The fair distribution of healthcare resources
- D) The prevention of harm
33. What is the primary focus of deontological ethics in nursing?
- A) Outcomes of actions
- B) Duties and rules governing actions
- C) Compassionate care
- D) Patient satisfaction
34. Which of the following is a key component of the nursing code of ethics?
- A) Autonomy of the healthcare provider
- B) Advocacy for patients
- C) Financial accountability
- D) Strict adherence to protocols
35. A nurse is faced with a dilemma where patient confidentiality may need to be breached. What
should be the nurse’s first action?
- A) Inform the patient of the situation
- B) Consult with a supervisor or ethics committee
- C) Breach confidentiality to protect others
- D) Document the potential breach
36. Which nursing theory emphasizes the importance of interpersonal relationships and caring in
nursing practice?
- A) Orem’s Self-Care Theory
- B) Watson’s Theory of Human Caring
- C) Roy’s Adaptation Model
- D) Peplau’s Interpersonal Relations Theory
37. In the context of ethical decision-making, what does the term "beneficence" mean?
- A) Respecting patient choices
- B) Acting in the best interest of the patient
- C) Ensuring fairness in treatment
- D) Avoiding harm
38. Which ethical principle is primarily concerned with fairness and equality in healthcare distribution?
- A) Autonomy
- B) Beneficence
- C) Justice
- D) Nonmaleficence
39. A nurse must decide whether to administer a controversial treatment. Which ethical framework
would best guide this decision?
- A) Deontological ethics
- B) Utilitarianism
- C) Virtue ethics
- D) Ethical relativism
40. Which of the following is an example of nonmaleficence in nursing practice?
- A) Educating a patient about the risks of a procedure
- B) Administering pain relief to a patient
- C) Withholding treatment to save costs
- D) Advocating for a patient’s rights
41. According to Orem’s Self-Care Theory, what is the primary role of the nurse?
- A) To perform all tasks for the patient
- B) To encourage patient independence and self-care
- C) To manage the healthcare team
- D) To solely provide emotional support
42. In Peplau’s Interpersonal Relations Theory, which phase involves the nurse and patient identifying
the patient’s problems?
- A) Orientation phase
- B) Working phase
- C) Termination phase
- D) Assessment phase
43. Which ethical principle requires nurses to provide care without discrimination?
- A) Autonomy
- B) Justice
- C) Beneficence
- D) Fidelity
44. What is the focus of Watson’s Theory of Human Caring?
- A) Disease prevention
- B) Caring relationships and the healing process
- C) Patient autonomy
- D) Efficiency in healthcare delivery
45. A nurse discovers that a colleague is stealing medication. What ethical principle is violated?
- A) Justice
- B) Nonmaleficence
- C) Fidelity
- D) Beneficence
46. In ethical decision-making, which step involves gathering relevant information and understanding
the context?
- A) Identifying the ethical issue
- B) Evaluating alternative actions
- C) Assessing the situation
- D) Making a decision
47. Which nursing theory focuses on the adaptation of individuals to their health environment?
- A) Orem’s Self-Care Theory
- B) Roy’s Adaptation Model
- C) Neuman Systems Model
- D) Benner’s Novice to Expert Theory
48. Which ethical principle refers to the obligation of healthcare providers to act in the best interest of
their patients?
- A) Nonmaleficence
- B) Autonomy
- C) Beneficence
- D) Fidelity
49. What is the primary ethical concern when conducting research involving human subjects?
- A) Cost-effectiveness
- B) Patient autonomy and informed consent
- C) Confidentiality of data
- D) Research funding
50. In which phase of Peplau’s Interpersonal Relations Theory does the nurse provide education and
support to the patient?
- A) Orientation phase
- B) Working phase
- C) Termination phase
- D) Assessment phase
51. A nurse is caring for a terminally ill patient who requests assisted suicide. What ethical principle is
most relevant in this situation?
- A) Nonmaleficence
- B) Autonomy
- C) Beneficence
- D) Justice
42. Which of the following is a characteristic of virtue ethics in nursing?
- A) Focus on rules and duties
- B) Emphasis on character and moral virtues
- C) Prioritization of outcomes
- D) Strict adherence to protocols
53. Which ethical framework evaluates the morality of an action based on its consequences?
- A) Deontological ethics
- B) Virtue ethics
- C) Utilitarianism
- D) Care ethics
54. What is the primary focus of the Neuman Systems Model?
- A) Patient education
- B) Holistic assessment of patient needs
- C) Interpersonal relationships
- D) Environmental influences on health
55. In the context of nursing ethics, what does "justice" primarily refer to?
- A) Acting in the patient's best interest
- B) Fairness in the distribution of resources
- C) Respecting patient autonomy
- D) Preventing harm
56. Which ethical principle is violated when a nurse fails to report unsafe practices?
- A) Autonomy
- B) Nonmaleficence
- C) Fidelity
- D) Beneficence
57. What is the main goal of deontological ethics in nursing practice?
- A) Achieving the best outcomes for patients
- B) Following established rules and principles
- C) Prioritizing patient relationships
- D) Ensuring patient satisfaction
58. A nurse is discussing end-of-life care options with a patient. Which ethical principle is most relevant?
- A) Nonmaleficence
- B) Autonomy
- C) Justice
- D) Fidelity
59. Which nursing theory emphasizes the importance of cultural competence in patient care?
- A) Orem’s Self-Care Theory
- B) Leininger’s Culture Care Theory
- C) Roy’s Adaptation Model
- D) Watson’s Theory of Human Caring
60. In ethical decision-making, what is the first step a nurse should take when faced with a moral
dilemma?
- A) Identify the ethical issue
- B) Gather information
- C) Evaluate alternatives
- D) Make a decision
SECTION B : SHORT ESSAY (35 MARKS)
1. A 10-year-old boy, Alex, has been diagnosed with asthma after frequent episodes of wheezing and
shortness of breath, especially during physical activity and at night. His mother reports that he has been
using his rescue inhaler more often than recommended.
A. Discuss the pathophysiology of asthma in children and outline a comprehensive care plan for Alex.
( 10 marks)
B. Educate the family, and provide strategies for asthma management at school. ( 3 marks)
2. Emily is a 7-year-old girl diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. She presents with elevated blood glucose
levels and is experiencing symptoms of hyperglycemia, including excessive thirst and frequent urination.
Her parents are anxious about managing her condition.
A. Describe the pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes and its impact on a child's daily life ( 7 marks)
B. Develop a nursing care plan that addresses Emily's immediate needs and long-term management. ( 7
marks)
4. Match the following diseases with its definition ( 8 marks)
No Medical Condition Description
1. Gout A gradual loss of kidney function over time.
2. Osteoporosis A condition characterised by weak and brittle bone
3. Allergic rhinitis A condition where the heart cannot pump effectively
4. COPD Elevated levels of lipid in blood increasing cardiovascular risk
5. Congestive Heart Failure An allergic reaction causing sneezing , runny nose and itchy eyes.
6. Chronic kidney disease Softening of bones due to vitamine D deficiency.
7. Hiperlipidemia A disorder that disrupt normal bone remodelling, resulting in
enlarged and weaken bones
8. Osteomalacia A form of athritis characterised by sudden severe pain and
swelling .
9 Paget's disease A condition that resulta in brittle bone due to defective collagen
production
10 Oesteogenesis imperfecta A progressive long disease that causes breathing difficulties.
SECTION C : LONG ESSAY ( 40marks)
Answer all the following questions.
1. A patient was admitted by a physician , he was diagnosed of Intestinal obstruction.
A. What do you understand by this condition. ( 1mark)
B. Identify its clinical presentation( 1 mark)
C. Briefly discuss its causes ( 3 marks)
D. Discuss how he will be managed . This include nursing management and medical management. ( 10
marks)
E. What are the complications that may arise if care is not properly taken. ( 2 marks)
F. Discuss the discharge plan with the patient and family ( 3 marks)
2. Mr. Paul after thorough physical examination was diagnosed of Schizophrenia.
A. Explain the clinical presentations ( 2 marks)
B. Discuss the causes ( 3 marks)
C. Briefly discuss how it can be managed
I. Medical aproach ( 5 marks)
Ii. Nursing aproach ( 5 marks)
D. What are the impacts of his condition on the society. ( 2 marks)
E. What information is neccessary to educate both the patient and the familly. ( 3 marks)
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