2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중

문제 1 - 2 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

1. [어법1 (ABC 선택형) / 고1/2025/10 - 18] 2. [어법1 (ABC 선택형) / 고1/2025/10 - 19]
(A), (B), (C)에서 어법에 맞는 표현을 각각 고르시오 (A), (B), (C)에서 어법에 맞는 표현을 각각 고르시오
Dear Mr. Kelly, After finishing my shopping, I walked out of the
My name is Mark Smith, and I am the manager of grocery store and headed to the spot where I'd parked
Lomos Tours. I express our sincere appreciation for my car. But it wasn't there. I wasn't the kind of person
your continued trust and loyalty. Next year, as part of (A) [who/ whom] to forget where I'd parked. I knew I
a new promotional campaign, Lomos Tours (A) [will was in the right place — so where was my car? I
air / airing] an advertisement. We plan to include the looked around, but nothing made sense. (B) [Not
experiences of some of our most valued clients. Since knowing/ Not known] what to do, I called my
you traveled with us last summer, I would like to husband at home and said, “My car is missing! I can't
kindly ask if you would be willing to share a few find my car.” I heard him laughing on the other end of
words about your experience, (B) [which / what] the line. “Your car is here outside the house! You took
would be invaluable in helping us promote our mine today, remember?” I turned around — and there
services. A member of our team will be in touch with it was. I couldn't help but laugh at myself. With a sigh
you shortly. Thank you in advance for your of relief, I walked over to the car. Everything was fine
contributions (C) [is / being] greatly appreciated. (C) [after all/ after of].
Warm regards,
① who …… Not known …… after of
Mark Smith
② whom …… Not knowing …… after of
① will air …… which …… being ③ who …… Not knowing …… after all
② will air …… what …… is ④ whom …… Not known …… after all
③ airing …… which …… is ⑤ who …… Not known …… after all
④ airing …… what …… being
⑤ will air …… what …… being
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 3 - 4 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

3. [어법1 (ABC 선택형) / 고1/2025/10 - 20] 4. [어법1 (ABC 선택형) / 고1/2025/10 - 21]
(A), (B), (C)에서 어법에 맞는 표현을 각각 고르시오 (A), (B), (C)에서 어법에 맞는 표현을 각각 고르시오
One of the most important aspects of (A) [sustaining / Currently, urban regeneration projects in degraded
to sustain] long-term relationships is communication. areas have been promoted as (A) [improving/ to
It's easy to connect with someone and then let the improve] the wellbeing of residents and solving
relationship get stuck due to a lack of follow-up. To environmental injustice problems. However, such
keep the connection alive, make a conscious effort to environmental improvements in ethnic communities
stay in touch. This doesn't mean constantly reaching and/or low-income households can create an urban
out with requests or updates but rather (B) [maintain / green space paradox. The creation of new, high-
maintaining] a friendly and consistent line of quality green spaces can increase attractiveness, (B)
communication. A simple message to check in or [making/ made] these neighbourhood more desirable.
share something of value can go a long way in By contrast, the cost of housing can rise, and residents
reinforcing your relationship. For example, if you may not be able to afford the rent. This results in the
come across an article or resource that you think exclusion or displacement of the poor
might interest a connection, share it with them, even neighbourhood's residents, who (C) [was/ were]
if you haven't spoken in a while. This shows that intended to benefit from the ecosystem services
you're thinking of them and are invested in (C) provided by the new green space. In turn, the
[maintaining / to maintain] the relationship. residents may only be able to afford to live in a

① sustaining …… maintain …… maintaining

similar degraded neighbourhood to the one they left,

② sustaining …… maintain …… to maintain

with low access to green infrastructure.

③ to sustain …… maintain …… to maintain ① improving …… making …… were

④ sustaining …… maintaining …… maintaining ② improving …… made …… was

⑤ to sustain …… maintaining …… to maintain ③ to improve …… making …… was

④ to improve …… made …… were
⑤ improving …… making …… was
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 5 - 6 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

5. [어법1 (ABC 선택형) / 고1/2025/10 - 22] 6. [어법1 (ABC 선택형) / 고1/2025/10 - 23]
(A), (B), (C)에서 어법에 맞는 표현을 각각 고르시오 (A), (B), (C)에서 어법에 맞는 표현을 각각 고르시오
An increasing awareness of our effect on the ocean is Rome was said to have been a melting pot from the
slowly seeping into the public agenda, (A) very start. The historian Livy claimed the city's
[dragging/dragged] behind it a conversation that is original population (A) [was comprised / comprising]
decades overdue. But this conversation faces a of immigrants flooding in from all directions,
massive obstacle. It's almost impossible to discuss attracted by Romulus's deliberate policy of
what to do about something (B) [changing/to change] nondiscrimination. It was this initial openness, Livy
if you don't initially know how it works. If a doctor asserts, that laid the foundations for the later strength
tells a patient that they have a problem with their and success of the city. Romans described their city as
kidneys, the patient probably already has at least a multicultural in the generations after its foundation.
vague idea about where their kidneys are and what Tradition held that only a minority of the city's
they're up to. They learned about that part of their legendary kings (B) [was / were] Roman-born, with
own personal life-support system at school. But that's the others all arriving as immigrants before being
not the case for the oceans. When we see a news story chosen for the throne for their virtues and merits. As
about the long-term decline in the numbers of krill in the empire expanded across three continents, Rome
the Southern Ocean, it sounds generally like a bad eagerly adopted new cultural influences and absorbed
thing. But there's far more to it than the risk of whales incoming groups — perhaps a little too eagerly for
(C) [going/to go] hungry. Krill are a part of the ocean some, who, like the poet Juvenal, complained about
engine. We need to understand at least some of the the rapid rate of cultural change (C) [was / being].
context before we can discuss the change and take ① was comprised …… were …… being
appropriate action.
② was comprised …… was …… was
① dragging …… changing …… to go ③ comprising …… were …… being
② dragged …… to change …… going ④ comprising …… was …… being
③ dragging …… to change …… to go ⑤ was comprised …… were …… was
④ dragged …… changing …… to go
⑤ dragging …… changing …… going
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 7 - 8 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

7. [어법1 (ABC 선택형) / 고1/2025/10 - 24] 8. [어법1 (ABC 선택형) / 고1/2025/10 - 26]
(A), (B), (C)에서 어법에 맞는 표현을 각각 고르시오 (A), (B), (C)에서 어법에 맞는 표현을 각각 고르시오
The laws and constants of physics and the Dalip Singh Saund was an Indian-born American
fundamental forces in our universe have very precise politician. After (A) [graduating / graduate] from the
forms and values. This means that, if they (A) University of Punjab in India, he moved to the U.S. to
[was/were] only very slightly different, life would not attend graduate school. He earned his doctoral degree
have been possible. For instance, the precise value of at the University of California in 1924 but could not
gravity has enabled our universe to arise by get a job because of his nationality. The next year, he
permitting the aggregation of dust and gas particles to began farming in Imperial Valley, but he (B) [was /
proto-stars around (B) [which/that] planets later came wasn't] able to buy land without U.S. citizenship.
to orbit, including the Earth around the Sun. If the Dalip developed an interest in politics and he often
value of the electron had been ever so slightly larger spoke out on Indian and political topics. He went to
or smaller, chemistry, as we know it, would not have Washington, D.C. and promoted a bill that would
been possible and life, (C) [which is based/based] on allow Indians to become U.S. citizens. The bill (C)
organic chemistry, could not have started. The [passed / was passed] in 1946, and three years later
universe was not designed for us to evolve, we have Dalip received U.S. citizenship. He later became the
no privileged position in the universe; however, the first Asian to be elected to the U.S. Congress.
laws and constants of physics allowed advanced life
① graduating …… wasn't …… passed
to evolve.
② graduate …… was …… was passed
① was …… which …… which is based ③ graduate …… wasn't …… passed
② was …… that …… based ④ graduating …… was …… was passed
③ were …… that …… which is based ⑤ graduate …… was …… passed
④ was …… which …… based
⑤ were …… which …… based
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 9 - 10 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

9. [어법1 (ABC 선택형) / 고1/2025/10 - 29] 10. [어법1 (ABC 선택형) / 고1/2025/10 - 30]
(A), (B), (C)에서 어법에 맞는 표현을 각각 고르시오 (A), (B), (C)에서 어법에 맞는 표현을 각각 고르시오
Human beings have evolved to make the most of the While convenience and technology are crucial, they
resources available to them in ways that are subtle are not the only factors (A) [driving / driven] Gen Z's
and complicated. When we change our diets, financial decisions. This generation is incredibly
especially when we do so quickly, we are effectively values-driven, and they want to bank with institutions
(A) [conducting/conducted] huge experiments in that match their personal beliefs and values.
nutrition. We ought to have more humility. Nutritional Transparency is vital. Gen Z is skeptical of large
science is still young and there is so much we do not corporations and institutions that lack accountability.
know. If we have eaten certain foods in certain ways They have grown up in a world where information is
for millennia, we should assume until it is proven freely available, and they expect complete
otherwise that there is probably a good reason (B) transparency from the brands (B) [which / that] they
[why/what]. Traditional foods that don't fit neatly on support. Banks, for example, must clearly
the contemporary dietary food plate should generally communicate fees, terms, and conditions, as well as
be chosen over highly processed ones that do. We how they handle customers' data. Moreover, ethical
should assume that traditionally made fatty blood banking practices are more important than ever. Gen
sausages are preferable to lean, factory-made salamis; Z cares about the environment, social justice, and the
that spoonfuls of honey are superior to sprinkles of ethical implications of their financial decisions. They
sweeteners. Witnessing how poorly traditional are interested in sustainable investing, supporting
societies are (C) [faring/to fare] as they undergo a businesses that match their values, and (C) [ensure /
nutrition transition should make those who have ensuring] that their money is not being used to fund
already completed it question whether their diets have harmful practices. Banks that offer socially
moved too far. responsible investment opportunities and are

① conducting …… what …… to fare

committed to environmental sustainability will attract

② conducting …… why …… faring

Gen Z's attention.

③ conducted …… what …… to fare ① driving …… which …… ensure

④ conducted …… why …… faring ② driving …… that …… ensuring

⑤ conducting …… why …… to fare ③ driven …… which …… ensure

④ driven …… that …… ensure
⑤ driving …… which …… ensuring
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 11 - 12 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

11. [어법1 (ABC 선택형) / 고1/2025/10 - 31] 12. [어법1 (ABC 선택형) / 고1/2025/10 - 32]
(A), (B), (C)에서 어법에 맞는 표현을 각각 고르시오 (A), (B), (C)에서 어법에 맞는 표현을 각각 고르시오
Myths aren't only stories. For example, a well-known The technical term often used to describe animals'
myth that (A) [persist / persists] today is the supposed judgement of numbers is the approximate number
high iron content in spinach. This is a legend that system. (A) [What/That] it does not provide is
dates back to 1890 and originates from a simple precision. It shows and this is the same in every
miscalculation by physiologist Gustav von Bunge. He species tested a characteristic pattern of errors, with
accurately determined that 100 grams of spinach discrimination becoming less accurate as the
contained 35 milligrams of iron but he was analyzing quantities get bigger. Rhesus monkeys can tell one
dried spinach, (B) [which / that] held ten times more from two, two from three, three from four, four from
iron than the same amount of fresh leafy greens. five but start to fail from five (B) [upward/upwards].
Although the error was swiftly corrected, the Rats that learned to press a lever a given number of
correction was just as swiftly forgotten. The myth had times, from four up to twenty-four, became markedly
taken hold. Popeye, who gained superhuman strength less and less precise in their responses as the number
from the leafy greens and defended himself with iron increased: by the top end of the range they would
fists, contributed to its endurance and even today, merely produce a spread of numbers around the
some nearly 150 years later, parents the world over target. It is a common observation that when (C)
use this tale to try (C) [persuade / persuading] their [testing/tested] the accuracy of animals' number
children into eating the healthy vegetable. sense, the size of the numbers matters.

① persists …… which …… persuade ① What …… upwards …… testing

② persist …… that …… persuading ② That …… upward …… tested
③ persist …… which …… persuading ③ What …… upward …… testing
④ persists …… that …… persuade ④ That …… upwards …… tested
⑤ persist …… which …… persuade ⑤ What …… upwards …… tested
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 13 - 14 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

13. [어법1 (ABC 선택형) / 고1/2025/10 - 33] 14. [어법1 (ABC 선택형) / 고1/2025/10 - 34]
(A), (B), (C)에서 어법에 맞는 표현을 각각 고르시오 (A), (B), (C)에서 어법에 맞는 표현을 각각 고르시오
Despite the cultural trope (A) [depicting/ depicted] What is the Capabilities Approach (CA), and why
emotions as the opposite of rational thought, would lawyers passionate about animal justice care
cognition—what we commonly refer to as thinking— about it? It is easy to say what it is not. The CA does
is actually a key building block of emotion. How we not rank animals by likeness to humans or seek
think about our circumstances shapes the emotions special privileges for those considered most "like us,"
we experience; then those emotions echo back to as (A) [do / does] some other popular theoretical
influence how we think. For instance, if you walk into approaches. The CA has concern for the finch and the
a test thinking you are bad at (B) [take/taking] tests, pig as much as the whale and the elephant. And it
your anxiety will be increased. Then you don't feel argues that the human form of life is simply irrelevant
good about your performance on the test, and that when we think about what each type of animal needs
becomes evidence for continuing to think that you're and deserves. What (B) [is / being] relevant is their
bad at test taking. In this way there's simply no own forms of life. Just as humans seek to be able to
pulling emotion and cognition apart. This bi- enjoy the characteristic goods of a human life, so a
directionality of cognition and emotion allows us to finch seeks a finch's life and the whale a whale's life.
adjust difficult emotions by (C) [change/changing] We should extend ourselves and learn, not lazily
the way we think. By thinking differently—I get picture animals as lesser humans, (C) [seek / seeking]
nervous sometimes, but I'm still a good test taker, or a life sort of like our own. According to the CA, each
that nervous feeling is just excitement and sentient creature should have the opportunity to
anticipation, it means I'm ready—you can work those flourish in the form of life characteristic for that
pathways to your advantage. creature.

① depicting …… take …… change ① do …… is …… seek

② depicting …… take …… changing ② do …… being …… seek
③ depicted …… taking …… change ③ does …… is …… seeking
④ depicted …… take …… change ④ do …… is …… seeking
⑤ depicting …… taking …… changing ⑤ does …… being …… seek
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 15 - 16 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

15. [어법1 (ABC 선택형) / 고1/2025/10 - 35] 16. [어법1 (ABC 선택형) / 고1/2025/10 - 36]
(A), (B), (C)에서 어법에 맞는 표현을 각각 고르시오 (A), (B), (C)에서 어법에 맞는 표현을 각각 고르시오
Social media serves as an important context to Multisensory experiences are a central part of our
facilitate autobiographical remembering. Personal everyday lives, yet we often take them for granted,
events posted on social media platforms are better especially when our senses function normally or (A)
remembered and less forgotten than those not posted, [are corrected / correcting] to normal with aids like
(A) [independent / independently] of the glasses. However, closer inspection to any, even the
characteristics of the events. This may be because most ordinary experiences, reveals the remarkable
sharing memories online allows individuals to multisensory world in which we live. Consider the
rehearse and make sense of what happened, thus (B) experience of eating a regular meal. At first, it may
[facilitating / to facilitate] long-term memory seem like an ordinary experience, but it is actually a
retention. Online feedback such as comments and fusion of the senses. We first eat with our eyes, but
likes as well as technological features such as we are also exposed to countless sensory signals (B)
algorithms and periodic reminders can further serve [that / what] influence our eating experience such as
as memory cues for the posted event details. As a food textures, tastes, and smells. And it does not stop
result, event details shared on social media (C) [is / there. Even the sounds that come both from the
are] likely stabilized and remembered over time, atmospheres in which we eat and our interactions
whereas those not shared may become inaccessible or with the food (such as chewing) and the tools we use
forgotten. to eat (C) [influence / influences] our eating

① independent …… facilitating …… are

experience.

② independent …… to facilitate …… is ① are corrected …… what …… influence

③ independently …… facilitating …… is ② are corrected …… that …… influences
④ independently …… to facilitate …… are ③ are corrected …… that …… influence
⑤ independent …… facilitating …… is ④ correcting …… what …… influences
⑤ correcting …… that …… influence
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 17 - 18 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

17. [어법1 (ABC 선택형) / 고1/2025/10 - 37] 18. [어법1 (ABC 선택형) / 고1/2025/10 - 38]
(A), (B), (C)에서 어법에 맞는 표현을 각각 고르시오. (A), (B), (C)에서 어법에 맞는 표현을 각각 고르시오
As children, the principle of opposites is foreign. These patterns recur predictably because they are
Children perceive words and their meanings tightly programmed genetically and propelled
separately from each other. It is only in later pheromonally.
development that we understood that individual
words directly connect to one another. Humans are not the most social animal. Ants, bees,
For many children, for instance, it is not clear that and termites put humanity to shame on many metrics
'Right' is the opposite of 'Left'. A vivid example of of sociality. A wide variety of relatives live together
this (A) [can see / can be seen] when children learn to with perfectly harmonious behavior and collectively
ride a bicycle. If parents tell their child "Don't go to care for their young. But while insect colonies are
the left," they will often find that the child will impressively social places, it's not our kind of social
continue riding straight ahead and not automatically life. Bees always build hexagonal hives, ants march in
turn to the right. lines, and termites move in zigzag formations. We
The same applies to the logical connection between humans are more free, (A) [less tightly programmed /
'Yes' and 'No' as (B) [perceiving / perceived] by less tightly programming] genetically, so our social
parents. When we were children and were told, for patterns can be more diverse and dynamic. Every
example, "No, don't eat with your hands," we were group dances a slightly different dance, and these
confused and didn't know what our parents expected choreographies change across generations. We still
from us. think and act in ways that (B) [is / are] in harmony
Our confusion was about whether we should continue with others around us, but it is through patterns that
eating or not and if so, how? Only later (C) [did we are more shaped by nurture, not just nature, (C) [is
recognize / we recognized] the connection and what / that].
understand that we should continue eating, but not
① less tightly programmed …… is …… is what
with our hands but with a fork or a spoon.
② less tightly programming …… are …… is what
① can see …… perceiving …… we recognized ③ less tightly programmed …… are …… that
② can be seen …… perceived …… did we recognize ④ less tightly programming …… is …… that
③ can see …… perceived …… did we recognize ⑤ less tightly programmed …… is …… that
④ can be seen …… perceiving …… we recognized
⑤ can see …… perceived …… we recognized
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 19 - 20 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

19. [어법1 (ABC 선택형) / 고1/2025/10 - 39] 20. [어법1 (ABC 선택형) / 고1/2025/10 - 40]
(A), (B), (C)에서 어법에 맞는 표현을 각각 고르시오 (A), (B), (C)에서 어법에 맞는 표현을 각각 고르시오
Those who purchase the goods of a company are Kivetz, Urminsky, and Zheng partnered with a café to
called customers. Individuals who purchase goods for test the motivating effect of illusory progress in an
personal use are called consumers: beings who experiment. Customers received a reward card that
consume. Therefore, companies have invented offered one free coffee after they'd bought ten. While
multiple ways to ensure that their customers consume half of the customers received a card with ten open
the produced items in larger and larger quantities and slots, the other half got a card with twelve open slots.
more and more frequently. Those who sell food have Yet the twelve-slot card had two preexisting "bonus"
an easy time, for food is literally consumed, so there stamps, so, strictly (A) [speaking/spoken], these were
is always a need (A) [to purchase/purchasing] new identical reward programs. Every customer who got a
food. But with more permanent things, companies card needed to make ten coffee purchases (and collect
must invent reasons for their customers to continue to ten stamps) to get their free coffee. But the appeal of
consume them. One approach is to make the stuff that the free stamps was high. People who thought they'd
people already have outdated by (B) gotten a head start came back to the café more often,
[convincing/convinced] them that it is no longer (B) [filling/filled] in their reward card more quickly
fashionable. The entire fashion industry is built to than the others. When the card came with two out of
convince people that fashion matters, so they must twelve slots already filled, it felt to customers like
purchase new clothing, even though the old is still they were already 16 percent finished with the goal
perfectly functionable. Fashion today extends to far before they'd even started. (C) [Believing/Believed]
more things than clothes: automobiles, mobile they were closer to the reward, they were more
phones, computers — the list (C) [is motivated to reach the finish line.
extended/extending] indefinitely, limited only by the ① speaking - filled - Believed
limits of the creative minds of the marketing divisions
② spoken - filling - Believing
of companies.
③ speaking - filling - Believing
① to purchase …… convincing …… is extended ④ spoken - filled - Believed
② to purchase …… convinced …… is extended ⑤ speaking - filled - Believed
③ purchasing …… convincing …… extending
④ purchasing …… convinced …… is extended
⑤ to purchase …… convincing …… extending
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 21 - 22 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

21. [어법1 (ABC 선택형) / 고1/2025/10 - 41~42] 22. [어법2 (틀린 것 찾기) / 고1/2025/10 - 18]
(A), (B), (C)에서 어법에 맞는 표현을 각각 고르시오 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?
Creativity is the ability to generate novel and valuable Dear Mr. Kelly,
ideas. It involves divergent thinking, imagination, and My name is Mark Smith, and I am the manager of
a willingness to experiment and take risks. While AI Lomos Tours. I express our sincere appreciation for
can be a powerful tool for creative efforts, it also your continued trust and loyalty. Next year, as part of
carries the risk of (A) [limiting/limited] originality a new promotional campaign, Lomos Tours ① will be
and innovation. AI algorithms are trained on existing airing an advertisement. We plan to include the
datasets, often identifying patterns and trends in past experiences of some of our most valued clients. Since
creations. While this can be useful for generating new you traveled with us last summer, I would like to
content in similar styles or formats, it can also lead to kindly ask if you ② would be willing to share a few
derivative works that (B) [lack/lacks] genuine words about your experience. Your feedback would
originality. If artists and designers rely too heavily on be invaluable in helping us ③ promoting our services.
Al for inspiration and content generation, they may A member of our team ④ will be in touch with you
find themselves trapped in a cycle of imitation, unable shortly. Thank you in advance for your contributions.
to break free from the constraints of the Al's training Warm regards, Mark Smith
data. Moreover, the ease with which AI can generate I hope you ⑤ have a great day.
content can discourage the kind of struggle and ① will be airing ② would be willing ③ promoting
experimentation that often leads to breakthroughs. ④ will be ⑤ have
The creative process is often messy and repetitive, (C)
[involving/involved] numerous failures and setbacks.
It is through these challenges that we refine our skills,
develop our unique perspectives, and push the
boundaries of what is possible. If Al provides instant
solutions, it can inhibit this essential process of
learning through trial and error, ultimately inhibiting
the development of true creative talent.

① limiting …… lack …… involving

② limiting …… lacks …… involving
③ limited …… lack …… involved
④ limited …… lacks …… involved
⑤ limiting …… lacks …… involved
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 23 - 24 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

23. [어법2 (틀린 것 찾기) / 고1/2025/10 - 19] 24. [어법2 (틀린 것 찾기) / 고1/2025/10 - 20]
다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?
After finishing my shopping, I walked out of the One of the most important aspects of sustaining long-
grocery store and headed to the spot where I'd parked term relationships ① is communication. It's easy to
my car. But it ① weren't there. I wasn't the kind of connect with someone and then let the relationship
person to forget where I'd parked. I knew I was in the get stuck due to a lack of follow-up. To keep the
right place — so where was my car? I looked around, connection alive, make a conscious effort to stay in
but nothing made sense. Not knowing what to do, I touch. This doesn't mean constantly reaching out with
called my husband at home and said, “My car ② is requests or updates but rather ② maintaining a
missing! I can't find my car.” I heard him laughing on friendly and consistent line of communication. A
the other end of the line. “Your car is here outside the simple message to check in or share something of
house! You took mine today, remember?” I turned value can go a long way in reinforcing your
around — and there it ③ was. I couldn't help but relationship. For example, if you come across an
laugh at myself. With a sigh of relief, I walked ④ article or resource that you think might interest a
over to the car. Everything was fine ⑤ after all. connection, share it with them, even if you haven't

① weren't ② is missing ③ was ④ over ⑤ after all spoken in a while. This shows that you're thinking of
them and are invested in ③ maintain the relationship.
This shows that you're thinking of them and ④ are
invest in maintaining the relationship. This shows that
you're thinking of them and are invested in ⑤
maintaining the relationship.
① is ② maintaining ③ maintain ④ are invest
⑤ maintaining
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 25 - 26 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

25. [어법2 (틀린 것 찾기) / 고1/2025/10 - 21] 26. [어법2 (틀린 것 찾기) / 고1/2025/10 - 22]
다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?
Currently, urban regeneration projects in degraded An increasing awareness of our effect on the ocean ①
areas ① has been promoted as improving the are slowly seeping into the public agenda, dragging
wellbeing of residents and solving environmental behind it a conversation that ② is decades overdue.
injustice problems. However, such environmental But this conversation faces a massive obstacle. It's
improvements in ethnic communities and/or low- almost impossible ③ to discuss what to do about
income households can create an urban green space something changing if you don't initially know how it
paradox. The creation of new, high-quality green works. If a doctor tells a patient that they have a
spaces can increase attractiveness, ② making these problem with their kidneys, the patient probably
neighbourhood more desirable. By contrast, the cost already has at least a vague idea about where their
of housing can rise, and residents may not be able to kidneys are and what they're up to. They learned
afford the rent. This results in the exclusion or about that part of their own personal ④ life-support
displacement of the poor neighbourhood's residents, system at school. But that's not the case for the
who ③ were intended to benefit from the ecosystem oceans. When we see a news story about the long-
services provided by the new green space. In turn, the term decline in the numbers of krill in the Southern
residents may only be able to afford to live in a Ocean, it sounds ⑤ generally like a bad thing. But
similar degraded neighbourhood to the one they left, there's far more to it than the risk of whales going
with low access to green infrastructure. ④ to the one hungry. Krill are a part of the ocean engine. We need
they left, with low access to green infrastructure. ⑤ to understand at least some of the context before we
only be able to afford to live in a similar degraded can discuss the change and take appropriate action.
neighbourhood ① are ② is ③ to discuss ④ life-support
① has ② making ③ were ④ to the one they left ⑤ generally like
⑤ only be
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 27 - 28 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

27. [어법2 (틀린 것 찾기) / 고1/2025/10 - 23] 28. [어법2 (틀린 것 찾기) / 고1/2025/10 - 24]
다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?
Rome was said to have been a melting pot from the The laws and constants of physics and the
very start. The historian Livy claimed the city's fundamental forces in our universe have very precise
original population ① was comprised of immigrants forms and values. This means that, if they were only
flooding in from all directions, attracted by Romulus's very slightly different, life would not have been
deliberate policy of nondiscrimination. It was this possible. For instance, the precise value of gravity has
initial openness, Livy asserts, that laid the enabled our universe ① to arise by permitting the
foundations for the later strength and success of the aggregation of dust and gas particles to proto-stars
city. Romans described their city as multicultural in around which planets later came to orbit, including
the generations after its foundation. Tradition held the Earth around the Sun. If the value of the electron
that only a minority of the city's legendary kings ② had been ever so slightly larger or smaller, chemistry,
were Roman-born, with the others all arriving as as we know it, ② will not have been possible and life,
immigrants before ③ being chosen for the throne for which is based on organic chemistry, could not have
their virtues and merits. As the empire expanded started. The universe was not designed for us ③ to
across three continents, Rome eagerly adopted new evolve, we have no privileged position in the
cultural influences and absorbed incoming groups — universe; however, the laws and constants of physics
perhaps a little too eagerly for some, who, like the allowed advanced life ④ to evolve. ⑤ Having very
poet Juvenal, complained about the rapid rate of precise forms and values is a characteristic of the laws
cultural change. and constants of physics.
Perhaps a little too eagerly for some, who, like the ① to arise ② will ③ to evolve ④ to evolve ⑤ Having
poet Juvenal, ④ complaining about the rapid rate of
cultural change. ⑤ As the empire expanded across
three continents, Rome eagerly adopted new cultural
influences and absorbed incoming groups.
① was ② were ③ being chosen ④ complaining ⑤ As
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 29 - 30 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

29. [어법2 (틀린 것 찾기) / 고1/2025/10 - 26] 30. [어법2 (틀린 것 찾기) / 고1/2025/10 - 29]
다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?
Dalip Singh Saund was an Indian-born American Human beings have evolved to make the most of the
politician. After graduating from the University of resources available to them in ways that are subtle
Punjab in India, he moved to the U.S. to attend and complicated. When we change our diets,
graduate school. He earned his doctoral degree at the especially when we do so quickly, we are effectively
University of California in 1924 but could not get a ① conducting huge experiments in nutrition. We
job because of ① his nationality. The next year, he ought to have more humility. Nutritional science is
began farming in Imperial Valley, but he ② was not still young and there is so much we do not know. If
able to buy land without U.S. citizenship. Dalip we have eaten certain foods in certain ways for
developed an interest in politics and he often spoke millennia, we should assume until ② it is proven
out on Indian and political topics. He went to otherwise that there is probably a good reason why.
Washington, D.C. and promoted a bill that ③ would Traditional foods that don't fit neatly on the
allow Indians to become U.S. citizens. The bill was contemporary dietary food plate should generally be
passed in 1946, and three years later Dalip ④ chosen ③ overly highly processed ones that do. We
received U.S. citizenship. He later became the first should assume that traditionally made fatty blood
Asian to ⑤ be electing to the U.S. Congress. sausages are ④ preferable to lean, factory-made

① his ② was ③ would allow ④ received salamis; that spoonfuls of honey are superior to
⑤ be electing sprinkles of sweeteners. Witnessing how poorly
traditional societies are ⑤ faring as they undergo a
nutrition transition should make those who have
already completed it question whether their diets have
moved too far.
① conducting ② it is proven ③ overly ④ preferable
⑤ faring
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 31 - 32 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

31. [어법2 (틀린 것 찾기) / 고1/2025/10 - 30] 32. [어법2 (틀린 것 찾기) / 고1/2025/10 - 31]
다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?
While convenience and technology are crucial, they Myths aren't only stories. For example, a well-known
are not the only factors ① driving Gen Z's financial myth that persists today is the supposed high iron
decisions. This generation is incredibly values-driven, content in spinach. This is a legend that dates back to
and they want to bank with institutions that match 1890 and originates from a simple miscalculation by
their personal beliefs and values. Transparency is physiologist Gustav von Bunge. He accurately
vital. Gen Z is skeptical of large corporations and determined that 100 grams of spinach contained 35
institutions that lack accountability. They have grown milligrams of iron but he was analyzing dried
up in a world where information is freely available, spinach, ① which held ten times more iron than the
and they expect complete transparency from the same amount of fresh leafy greens. Although the error
brands they support. Banks, for example, must clearly was swiftly corrected, the correction was just as ②
communicate fees, terms, and conditions, as well as swiftly forgotten. The myth had taken hold. Popeye,
how they handle customers' data. Moreover, ethical who gained superhuman strength from the leafy
banking practices are more important than ever. Gen greens and ③ defended himself with iron fists,
Z cares about the environment, social justice, and the contributed to its endurance and even today, some
ethical implications of their financial decisions. They nearly 150 years later, parents the world over use this
are interested in sustainable investing, supporting tale to try to persuade their children ④ into eat the
businesses that match their values, and ensuring that healthy vegetable. ⑤ is
their money is not ② using to fund harmful practices. ① which held ② swiftly forgotten ③ defended himself
Banks that offer socially responsible investment ④ into eat ⑤ is
opportunities and are committed to environmental
sustainability ③ will attract Gen Z's attention.
Gen Z cares about the environment, social justice, and
the ethical implications of their financial decisions.
They are interested in sustainable investing, ④
supporting businesses that match their values, and
ensuring that their money is not being used to fund
harmful practices. Banks that offer socially
responsible investment opportunities and ⑤ are
committed to environmental sustainability will attract
Gen Z's attention.
① driving ② using ③ will attract ④ supporting
⑤ are committed
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 33 - 34 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

33. [어법2 (틀린 것 찾기) / 고1/2025/10 - 32] 34. [어법2 (틀린 것 찾기) / 고1/2025/10 - 33]
다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?
The technical term often used to describe animals' Despite the cultural trope depicting emotions as the
judgement of numbers is the approximate number opposite of rational thought, cognition—what we
system. What it does not provide ① is precision. It commonly refer to as thinking—is actually a key
shows and this is the same in every species tested a building block of emotion. How we think about our
characteristic pattern of errors, with discrimination circumstances shapes the emotions we experience;
becoming less accurate as the quantities get bigger. then those emotions echo back to influence how we
Rhesus monkeys can tell one from two, two from think. For instance, if you walk into a test thinking
three, three from four, four from five but start ② you are bad at taking tests, your anxiety ① will be
failing from five upwards. Rats that learned to press a increased. Then you don't feel good about your
lever a given number of times, from four up to performance on the test, and that becomes evidence
twenty-four, became markedly less and less precise in for ② continue to think that you're bad at test taking.
their responses as the number ③ increased: by the top In this way there's simply no pulling emotion and
end of the range they would merely produce a spread cognition apart. This bi-directionality of cognition
of numbers around the target. It is a common and emotion allows us to adjust difficult emotions by
observation that when testing the accuracy of animals' ③ changing the way we think. By thinking differently
number sense, the size of the numbers ④ matters. —I get nervous sometimes, but I'm still a good test
What it does not provide is precision. It shows and taker, or that nervous feeling is just excitement and
this ⑤ is the same in every species tested anticipation, it means I'm ④ ready—you can work
① is ② failing ③ increased ④ matters ⑤ is those pathways to your advantage. ⑤ That nervous
feeling is just excitement and anticipation.
① will be increased ② continue ③ changing ④ ready
⑤ That
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 35 - 36 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

35. [어법2 (틀린 것 찾기) / 고1/2025/10 - 34] 36. [어법2 (틀린 것 찾기) / 고1/2025/10 - 35]
다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?
What is the Capabilities Approach (CA), and why Social media serves as an important context to
would lawyers passionate about animal justice care facilitate autobiographical remembering. Personal
about it? It is easy to say what it is not. The CA does events posted on social media platforms are better
not rank animals by likeness to humans or seek remembered and less forgotten than those ① not
special privileges for those considered most "like us," posting, independent of the characteristics of the
as do some other popular theoretical approaches. The events. This may be because sharing memories online
CA has concern for the finch and the pig as much as allows individuals to rehearse and make sense of what
the whale and the elephant. And it argues that the ② happened, thus facilitating long-term memory
human form of life is simply irrelevant when we think retention. Online feedback such as comments and
about what each type of animal ① needs and likes as well as technological features such as
deserves. What is relevant ② are their own forms of algorithms and periodic reminders can further serve
life. Just as humans seek to be able to enjoy the as memory cues for the posted event details. As a
characteristic goods of a human life, so a finch seeks result, event details shared on social media are likely
a finch's life and the whale a whale's life. We should stabilized and ③ remembered over time, whereas
extend ourselves and learn, not lazily picture animals those not shared may become inaccessible or ④
as lesser humans, ③ seeking a life sort of like our forgotten. Social media serves ⑤ as an important
own. According to the CA, each sentient creature context to facilitate autobiographical remembering.
should have the opportunity to flourish in the form of ① not posting ② happened ③ remembered ④ forgotten
life ④ characteristic for that creature. ⑤ To extend ⑤ as
compassion is the core of CA.
① needs ② are ③ seeking ④ characteristic
⑤ To extend
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 37 - 38 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

37. [어법2 (틀린 것 찾기) / 고1/2025/10 - 36] 38. [어법2 (틀린 것 찾기) / 고1/2025/10 - 37]
다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?
Multisensory experiences are a central part of our As children, the principle of opposites ① is foreign.
everyday lives, yet we often take them for granted, Children perceive words and their meanings
especially when our senses function normally or are separately from each other. It is only in later
corrected to normal with aids like glasses. However, development that we understood that individual
closer inspection ① to any, even the most ordinary words directly connect to one another.
experiences, reveals the remarkable multisensory For many children, for instance, it is not clear that
world in which we live. Consider the experience of 'Right' is the opposite of 'Left'. A vivid example of
eating a regular meal. At first, it may seem like an this can be seen when children learn to ride a bicycle.
ordinary experience, but it is actually a fusion of the If parents tell their child "Don't go to the left," they
senses. We first eat with our eyes, but we are also will often find that the child will continue riding
exposed to countless sensory signals that influence straight ahead and not automatically turn to the right.
our eating experience ② such as food textures, tastes, The same ② applies to the logical connection
and smells. And it does not stop there. Even the between 'Yes' and 'No' as perceived by parents. When
sounds that come both from the atmospheres in which we were children and were told, for example, "No,
we eat and our interactions with the food (such as don't eat with your hands," we ③ knew confused and
chewing) and the tools we use ③ to eat influence our didn't know what our parents expected from us.
eating experience. ④ At first, it may seem like an Our confusion was about whether we should continue
ordinary experience, but it is actually a fusion of the eating or not and if so, how? Only later ④ did we
senses. We first eat with our eyes, but we are also recognize the connection and understand that we
exposed to countless sensory signals ⑤ that influence should continue eating, but not with our hands but
our eating experience such as food textures, tastes, with a fork or a spoon. ⑤ was
and smells. ① is ② applies ③ knew ④ did we recognize ⑤ was
① to any ② such as ③ to eat ④ At first
⑤ that influence
2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 39 - 40 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote
39. [어법2 (틀린 것 찾기) / 고1/2025/10 - 38] 40. [어법2 (틀린 것 찾기) / 고1/2025/10 - 39]
다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?
These patterns recur predictably because they are Those who purchase the goods of a company are
tightly programmed genetically and propelled called customers. Individuals who purchase goods for
pheromonally. personal use are called consumers: beings who
consume. Therefore, companies have invented
Humans are not the most social animal. Ants, bees, multiple ways to ensure that their customers consume
and termites put humanity to shame on many metrics the produced items in larger and larger quantities and
of sociality. A wide variety of relatives live together more and more frequently. Those who sell food have
with perfectly harmonious behavior and collectively an easy time, for food is literally consumed, so there
care for their young. But while insect colonies are is always a need ① to purchase new food. But with
impressively social places, it's not our kind of social more permanent things, companies must invent
life. Bees always build hexagonal hives, ants march in reasons for their customers to continue ② to consume
lines, and termites move in zigzag formations. We them. One approach is to make the stuff that people
humans are more free, less tightly programmed already have outdated by convincing them that it is no
genetically, so our social patterns can be more diverse longer fashionable. The entire fashion industry is built
and dynamic. Every group dances a slightly different to convince people that fashion matters, so they must
dance, and these choreographies change across purchase new clothing, even though the old is still
generations. We still think and act in ways that ① are perfectly ③ functionable. Fashion today extends to
in harmony with others around us, but it is through far more things than clothes: automobiles, mobile
patterns that ② is more shaped by nurture, not just phones, computers — the list is extended indefinitely,
nature. limited only by the limits of the creative minds of the
marketing divisions ④ of which companies are.
Humans are not the most social animal. Ants, bees, ① to purchase ② to consume ③ functionable
and termites put humanity to shame on many metrics ④ of which ⑤ extended
of sociality. A wide variety of relatives live together
with perfectly harmonious behavior and collectively
care for their young. But while insect colonies ③ are
impressively social places, it's not our kind of social
life. Bees always build hexagonal hives, ants march in
lines, and termites move in zigzag formations. We
humans are more free, less tightly programmed
genetically, so our social patterns can be more diverse
and dynamic. Every group dances a slightly different
dance, and these choreographies ④ change across
generations. We still think and act in ways that are in
harmony with others around us, but it is through
patterns that ⑤ are more shaped by nurture, not just
nature.
① are ② is ③ are ④ change ⑤ are
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 41 - 42 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

41. [어법2 (틀린 것 찾기) / 고1/2025/10 - 40] 42. [어법2 (틀린 것 찾기) / 고1/2025/10 - 41~42]
다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?
Kivetz, Urminsky, and Zheng partnered with a café to Creativity is the ability to generate novel and valuable
test the motivating effect of illusory progress in an ideas. It involves divergent thinking, imagination, and
experiment. Customers received a reward card that a willingness to experiment and take risks. While AI
offered one free coffee after they'd bought ten. While can be a powerful tool for creative efforts, it also
half of the customers received a card with ten open carries the risk of limiting originality and innovation.
slots, the other half got a card with twelve open slots. AI algorithms are trained on existing datasets, often
Yet the twelve-slot card had two preexisting "bonus" ① identifying patterns and trends in past creations.
stamps, so, strictly speaking, these ① were identical While this can be useful for generating new content in
reward programs. Every customer who got a card similar styles or formats, it can also lead to derivative
needed to make ten coffee purchases (and collect ten works that lack genuine originality. If artists and
stamps) to get their free coffee. But the appeal of the designers rely too heavily on Al for inspiration and
free stamps ② were high. People who thought they'd content generation, they may find themselves ②
gotten a head start came back to the café more often, trapped in a cycle of imitation, unable to break free
filling in their reward card more quickly than the from the constraints of the Al's training data.
others. When the card came with two out of twelve Moreover, the ease with which AI can generate
slots already filled, it felt to customers like they ③ content can discourage the kind of struggle and
were already 16 percent finished with the goal before experimentation that often leads to breakthroughs.
they'd even started. ④ Believing they were closer to The creative process is often messy and repetitive, ③
the reward, they were more motivated to reach the involving numerous failures and setbacks. It is
finish line, which is what the researchers ⑤ had through these challenges that we refine our skills,
hoped. develop our unique perspectives, and push the
① were ② were ③ were ④ Believing ⑤ had boundaries of what is possible. If Al provides instant
solutions, it can inhibit this essential process of
learning through trial and error, ultimately ④
inhibiting the development of true creative talent. The
creative process is often messy and repetitive,
involving numerous failures and setbacks. It is
through these challenges that we refine our skills,
develop our unique perspectives, and push the
boundaries of ⑤ what is possible.
① identifying ② trapped ③ involving ④ inhibiting
⑤ what
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 43 - 44 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

43. [어휘1 (ABC 선택형) / 고1/2025/10 - 18] 44. [어휘1 (ABC 선택형) / 고1/2025/10 - 19]
(A), (B), (C)에서 문맥에 맞는 어휘로 가장 적절한 것은? (A), (B), (C)에서 문맥에 맞는 어휘로 가장 적절한 것은?
Dear Mr. Kelly, After finishing my shopping, I walked out of the
My name is Mark Smith, and I am the manager of grocery store and headed to the spot where I'd parked
Lomos Tours. I (A) [express / repress] our sincere my car. But it wasn't there. I wasn't the kind of person
appreciation for your continued trust and loyalty. to (A) [remember / forget] where I'd parked. I knew I
Next year, as part of a new promotional campaign, was in the right place — so where was my car? I
Lomos Tours will be airing an advertisement. We plan looked around, but nothing made sense. Not knowing
to include the experiences of some of our most valued what to do, I called my husband at home and said,
clients. Since you traveled with us last summer, I “My car is missing! I can't find my car.” I heard him
would like to kindly ask if you would be willing to (B) [crying / laughing] on the other end of the line.
share a few words about your experience. Your “Your car is here outside the house! You took mine
feedback would be (B) [invaluable / valueless] in today, remember?” I turned around — and there it
helping us promote our services. A member of our was. I couldn't help but laugh at myself. With a sigh
team will be in touch with you shortly. Thank you in of (C) [sorrow / relief], I walked over to the car.
(C) [advance / retreat] for your contributions. Everything was fine after all.
Warm regards,
① remember …… laughing …… relief
Mark Smith
② forget …… crying …… sorrow
① express …… invaluable …… advance ③ remember …… crying …… relief
② repress …… valueless …… retreat ④ forget …… laughing …… sorrow
③ express …… valueless …… advance ⑤ remember …… crying …… sorrow
④ repress …… invaluable …… retreat
⑤ express …… valueless …… retreat
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 45 - 46 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

45. [어휘1 (ABC 선택형) / 고1/2025/10 - 20] 46. [어휘1 (ABC 선택형) / 고1/2025/10 - 21]
(A), (B), (C)에서 문맥에 맞는 어휘로 가장 적절한 것은? (A), (B), (C)에서 문맥에 맞는 어휘로 가장 적절한 것은?
One of the most important aspects of sustaining long- Currently, urban regeneration projects in degraded
term relationships is communication. It's easy to areas have been promoted as (A) [worsening /
connect with someone and then let the relationship improving] the wellbeing of residents and solving
get (A) [stuck / unstuck] due to a lack of follow-up. environmental injustice problems. However, such
To keep the connection alive, make a conscious effort environmental improvements in ethnic communities
to stay in touch. This doesn't mean constantly and/or low-income households can create an urban
reaching out with requests or updates but rather green space paradox. The creation of new, high-
maintaining a friendly and (B) [consistent / quality green spaces can increase attractiveness,
inconsistent] line of communication. A simple making these neighbourhoods more (B) [undesirable /
message to check in or share something of value can desirable]. By contrast, the cost of housing can rise,
go a long way in reinforcing your relationship. For and residents may not be able to afford the rent. This
example, if you come across an article or resource results in the exclusion or displacement of the poor
that you think might interest a connection, share it neighbourhood's residents, who were intended to
with them, even if you haven't spoken in a (C) [while benefit from the ecosystem services provided by the
/ whale]. This shows that you're thinking of them and new green space. In turn, the residents may only be
are invested in maintaining the relationship. able to afford to live in a similar degraded

① stuck …… consistent …… while neighbourhood to the one they left, with low (C)

② unstuck …… consistent …… while

[excess / access] to green infrastructure.

③ stuck …… inconsistent …… whale ① improving …… desirable …… access

④ unstuck …… inconsistent …… while ② worsening …… undesirable …… excess

⑤ stuck …… consistent …… whale ③ worsening …… desirable …… access

④ improving …… undesirable …… excess
⑤ worsening …… desirable …… excess
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 47 - 48 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

47. [어휘1 (ABC 선택형) / 고1/2025/10 - 22] 48. [어휘1 (ABC 선택형) / 고1/2025/10 - 23]
(A), (B), (C)에서 문맥에 맞는 어휘로 가장 적절한 것은? (A), (B), (C)에서 문맥에 맞는 어휘로 가장 적절한 것은?
An increasing awareness of our effect on the ocean is Rome was said to have been a melting pot from the
slowly seeping into the public agenda, dragging very start. The historian Livy claimed the city's
behind it a conversation that is decades overdue. But original population was comprised of immigrants
this conversation faces a massive obstacle. It's almost flooding in from all directions, attracted by Romulus's
(A) [possible/impossible] to discuss what to do about (A) [accidental / deliberate] policy of
something changing if you don't initially know how it nondiscrimination. It was this initial openness, Livy
works. If a doctor tells a patient that they have a asserts, that laid the foundations for the later strength
problem with their kidneys, the patient probably and success of the city. Romans described their city as
already has at least a (B) [clear/vague] idea about multicultural in the generations after its foundation.
where their kidneys are and what they're up to. They Tradition held that only a (B) [majority / minority] of
learned about that part of their own personal life- the city's legendary kings were Roman-born, with the
support system at school. But that's not the case for others all arriving as immigrants before being chosen
the oceans. When we see a news story about the long- for the throne for their virtues and merits. As the
term decline in the numbers of krill in the Southern empire expanded across three continents, Rome
Ocean, it sounds generally like a bad thing. But eagerly adopted new cultural influences and (C)
there's far more to it than the risk of whales going [rejected / absorbed] incoming groups — perhaps a
hungry. Krill are a part of the ocean engine. We need little too eagerly for some, who, like the poet Juvenal,
to understand at least some of the (C) [text/context] complained about the rapid rate of cultural change.
before we can discuss the change and take appropriate ① accidental …… majority …… rejected
action.
② deliberate …… minority …… absorbed
① possible …… clear …… text ③ accidental …… minority …… absorbed
② possible …… vague …… text ④ deliberate …… majority …… rejected
③ impossible …… clear …… text ⑤ accidental …… majority …… absorbed
④ possible …… clear …… context
⑤ impossible …… vague …… context
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 49 - 50 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

49. [어휘1 (ABC 선택형) / 고1/2025/10 - 24] 50. [어휘1 (ABC 선택형) / 고1/2025/10 - 26]
(A), (B), (C)에서 문맥에 맞는 어휘로 가장 적절한 것은? (A), (B), (C)에서 문맥에 맞는 어휘로 가장 적절한 것은?
The laws and constants of physics and the Dalip Singh Saund was an Indian-born American
fundamental forces in our universe have very (A) politician. After graduating from the University of
[imprecise / precise] forms and values. This means Punjab in India, he moved to the U.S. to (A) [attend /
that, if they were only very slightly different, life ignore] graduate school. He earned his doctoral
would not have been possible. For instance, the (B) degree at the University of California in 1924 but
[imprecise / precise] value of gravity has enabled our could not get a job because of his nationality. The
universe to arise by permitting the aggregation of dust next year, he began farming in Imperial Valley, but he
and gas particles to proto-stars around which planets was not (B) [able / unable] to buy land without U.S.
later came to orbit, including the Earth around the citizenship. Dalip developed an interest in politics and
Sun. If the value of the electron had been ever so he often spoke out on Indian and political topics. He
slightly larger or smaller, chemistry, as we know it, went to Washington, D.C. and promoted a bill that
would not have been possible and life, which is based would allow Indians to become U.S. citizens. The bill
on organic chemistry, could not have (C) [started / was (C) [rejected / passed] in 1946, and three years
ended]. The universe was not designed for us to later Dalip received U.S. citizenship. He later became
evolve, we have no privileged position in the the first Asian to be elected to the U.S. Congress.
universe; however, the laws and constants of physics
① attend …… unable …… rejected
allowed advanced life to evolve.
② ignore …… able …… rejected
① imprecise …… imprecise …… ended ③ attend …… able …… rejected
② precise …… precise …… started ④ attend …… able …… passed
③ imprecise …… precise …… started ⑤ ignore …… unable …… passed
④ precise …… imprecise …… ended
⑤ imprecise …… imprecise …… started
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 51 - 52 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

51. [어휘1 (ABC 선택형) / 고1/2025/10 - 29] 52. [어휘1 (ABC 선택형) / 고1/2025/10 - 30]
(A), (B), (C)에서 문맥에 맞는 어휘로 가장 적절한 것은? (A), (B), (C)에서 문맥에 맞는 어휘로 가장 적절한 것은?
Human beings have evolved to make the most of the While convenience and technology are crucial, they
resources available to them in ways that are subtle are not the only factors (A) [driving/hindering] Gen
and complicated. When we change our diets, Z's financial decisions. This generation is incredibly
especially when we do so quickly, we are effectively values-driven, and they want to bank with institutions
(A) [conducting / neglecting] huge experiments in that match their personal beliefs and values.
nutrition. We ought to have more humility. Nutritional Transparency is vital. Gen Z is skeptical of large
science is still young and there is so much we do not corporations and institutions that (B) [lack/possess]
know. If we have eaten certain foods in certain ways accountability. They have grown up in a world where
for millennia, we should assume until it is proven information is freely available, and they expect
otherwise that there is probably a good reason why. complete transparency from the brands they support.
Traditional foods that don't fit neatly on the Banks, for example, must clearly communicate fees,
contemporary dietary food plate should generally be terms, and conditions, as well as how they handle
chosen over highly processed ones that (B) [do / customers' data. Moreover, ethical banking practices
undo]. We should assume that traditionally made fatty are more important than ever. Gen Z cares about the
blood sausages are preferable to lean, factory-made environment, social justice, and the ethical
salamis; that spoonfuls of honey are (C) [inferior / implications of their financial decisions. They are
superior] to sprinkles of sweeteners. Witnessing how interested in sustainable investing, supporting
poorly traditional societies are faring as they undergo businesses that match their values, and ensuring that
a nutrition transition should make those who have their money is not being used to fund harmful
already completed it question whether their diets have practices. Banks that offer socially responsible
moved too far. investment opportunities and are committed to

① conducting …… undo …… inferior

environmental sustainability will (C) [attract/repel]

② neglecting …… do …… inferior
Gen Z's attention.

③ conducting …… do …… superior ① driving …… lack …… attract

④ neglecting …… undo …… superior ② hindering …… possess …… repel
⑤ conducting …… undo …… superior ③ driving …… possess …… repel
④ hindering …… lack …… attract
⑤ driving …… lack …… repel
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 53 - 54 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

53. [어휘1 (ABC 선택형) / 고1/2025/10 - 31] 54. [어휘1 (ABC 선택형) / 고1/2025/10 - 32]
(A), (B), (C)에서 문맥에 맞는 어휘로 가장 적절한 것은? (A), (B), (C)에서 문맥에 맞는 어휘로 가장 적절한 것은?
Myths aren't only stories. For example, a well-known The technical term often used to describe animals'
myth that (A) [persists/desists] today is the supposed judgement of numbers is the approximate number
high iron content in spinach. This is a legend that system. What it does not provide is (A) [precision /
dates back to 1890 and originates from a simple ambiguity]. It shows and this is the same in every
miscalculation by physiologist Gustav von Bunge. He species tested a characteristic pattern of errors, with
accurately determined that 100 grams of spinach discrimination becoming less accurate as the
contained 35 milligrams of iron but he was analyzing quantities get bigger. Rhesus monkeys can tell one
dried spinach, which held ten times more iron than from two, two from three, three from four, four from
the same amount of fresh leafy greens. Although the five but start to (B) [succeed / fail] from five upwards.
error was swiftly (B) [corrected/protected], the Rats that learned to press a lever a given number of
correction was just as swiftly forgotten. The myth had times, from four up to twenty-four, became markedly
taken hold. Popeye, who gained superhuman strength less and less precise in their responses as the number
from the leafy greens and defended himself with iron increased: by the top end of the range they would
fists, (C) [contributed/distributed] to its endurance merely produce a spread of numbers around the
and even today, some nearly 150 years later, parents target. It is a common observation that when testing
the world over use this tale to try to persuade their the accuracy of animals' number sense, the size of the
children into eating the healthy vegetable. numbers (C) [ignores / matters].

① persists …… protected …… contributed ① precision …… succeed …… ignores

② desists …… corrected …… distributed ② precision …… fail …… ignores
③ persists …… corrected …… contributed ③ ambiguity …… succeed …… matters
④ desists …… protected …… distributed ④ precision …… fail …… matters
⑤ persists …… corrected …… distributed ⑤ ambiguity …… fail …… ignores
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 55 - 56 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

55. [어휘1 (ABC 선택형) / 고1/2025/10 - 33] 56. [어휘1 (ABC 선택형) / 고1/2025/10 - 34]
(A), (B), (C)에서 문맥에 맞는 어휘로 가장 적절한 것은? (A), (B), (C)에서 문맥에 맞는 어휘로 가장 적절한 것은?
Despite the cultural trope depicting emotions as the What is the Capabilities Approach (CA), and why
opposite of rational thought, cognition—what we would lawyers passionate about animal justice (A)
commonly refer to as thinking—is actually a key (A) [disregard / care] about it? It is easy to say what it is
[component / opposite] building block of emotion. not. The CA does not rank animals by likeness to
How we think about our circumstances shapes the humans or seek special privileges for those
emotions we experience; then those emotions echo considered most "like us," as do some other popular
back to influence how we think. For instance, if you theoretical approaches. The CA has concern for the
walk into a test thinking you are bad at taking tests, finch and the pig as much as the whale and the
your anxiety will be (B) [decreased / increased]. Then elephant. And it argues that the human form of life is
you don't feel good about your performance on the simply (B) [relevant / irrelevant] when we think about
test, and that becomes evidence for continuing to what each type of animal needs and deserves. What is
think that you're bad at test taking. In this way there's relevant is their own forms of life. Just as humans
simply no pulling emotion and cognition (C) [apart / seek to be able to enjoy the characteristic goods of a
together]. This bi-directionality of cognition and human life, so a finch seeks a finch's life and the
emotion allows us to adjust difficult emotions by whale a whale's life. We should extend ourselves and
changing the way we think. By thinking differently— learn, not lazily picture animals as lesser humans,
I get nervous sometimes, but I'm still a good test seeking a life sort of like our own. According to the
taker, or that nervous feeling is just excitement and CA, each sentient creature should have the
anticipation, it means I'm ready—you can work those opportunity to (C) [decline / flourish] in the form of
pathways to your advantage. life characteristic for that creature.

① component …… increased …… apart ① disregard …… relevant …… decline

② component …… decreased …… together ② disregard …… irrelevant …… decline
③ opposite …… increased …… apart ③ care …… relevant …… decline
④ opposite …… decreased …… together ④ care …… irrelevant …… flourish
⑤ component …… increased …… together ⑤ care …… relevant …… flourish
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 57 - 58 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

57. [어휘1 (ABC 선택형) / 고1/2025/10 - 35] 58. [어휘1 (ABC 선택형) / 고1/2025/10 - 36]
(A), (B), (C)에서 문맥에 맞는 어휘로 가장 적절한 것은? (A), (B), (C)에서 문맥에 맞는 어휘로 가장 적절한 것은?
Social media serves as an important context to (A) Multisensory experiences are a central part of our
[hinder / facilitate] autobiographical remembering. everyday lives, yet we often take them for (A)
Personal events posted on social media platforms are [granted/rejected], especially when our senses
better remembered and less forgotten than those not function normally or are corrected to normal with aids
posted, (B) [irrespective / dependent] of the like glasses. However, closer inspection to any, even
characteristics of the events. This may be because the most ordinary experiences, (B) [conceals/reveals]
sharing memories online allows individuals to the remarkable multisensory world in which we live.
rehearse and make sense of what happened, thus Consider the experience of eating a regular meal. At
facilitating long-term memory retention. Online first, it may seem like an ordinary experience, but it is
feedback such as comments and likes as well as actually a fusion of the senses. We first eat with our
technological features such as algorithms and periodic eyes, but we are also exposed to countless sensory
reminders can further serve as memory cues for the signals that (C) [influence/ ignore] our eating
posted event details. As a result, event details shared experience such as food textures, tastes, and smells.
on social media are likely stabilized and remembered And it does not stop there. Even the sounds that come
over time, whereas those not shared may become (C) both from the atmospheres in which we eat and our
[accessible / inaccessible] or forgotten. interactions with the food (such as chewing) and the

① hinder …… irrespective …… accessible tools we use to eat influence our eating experience.

② hinder …… dependent …… accessible ① granted …… conceals …… ignore

③ facilitate …… dependent …… inaccessible ② granted …… reveals …… ignore
④ hinder …… irrespective …… inaccessible ③ rejected …… conceals …… influence
⑤ facilitate …… irrespective …… inaccessible ④ granted …… reveals …… influence
⑤ rejected …… reveals …… ignore
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 59 - 60 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

59. [어휘1 (ABC 선택형) / 고1/2025/10 - 37] 60. [어휘1 (ABC 선택형) / 고1/2025/10 - 38]
(A), (B), (C)에서 문맥에 맞는 어휘로 가장 적절한 것은? (A), (B), (C)에서 문맥에 맞는 어휘로 가장 적절한 것은?
As children, the principle of opposites is (A) [familiar These patterns recur predictably because they are
/ foreign]. Children perceive words and their tightly programmed genetically and propelled
meanings separately from each other. It is only in pheromonally.
later development that we understood that individual
words directly connect to one another. Humans are not the most social animal. Ants, bees,
For many children, for instance, it is not clear that and termites put humanity to shame on many metrics
'Right' is the (B) [opposite / similar] of 'Left'. A vivid of sociality. A wide variety of relatives live together
example of this can be seen when children learn to with perfectly harmonious behavior and collectively
ride a bicycle. If parents tell their child "Don't go to care for their young. But while insect colonies are
the left," they will often find that the child will impressively social places, it's not our kind of social
continue riding straight ahead and not automatically life. Bees always build hexagonal hives, ants march in
turn to the right. lines, and termites move in zigzag formations. We
The same applies to the logical connection between humans are more free, less tightly programmed
'Yes' and 'No' as perceived by parents. When we were genetically, so our social patterns can be more (A)
children and were told, for example, "No, don't eat [diverse / similar] and dynamic. Every group dances a
with your hands," we were (C) [pleased / confused] slightly different dance, and these choreographies (B)
and didn't know what our parents expected from us. [persist / change] across generations. We still think
Our confusion was about whether we should continue and act in ways that are in harmony with others
eating or not and if so, how? Only later did we around us, but it is through patterns that are more
recognize the connection and understand that we shaped by (C) [nature / nurture], not just nature.
should continue eating, but not with our hands but ① diverse …… persist …… nature
with a fork or a spoon.
② similar …… change …… nature
① familiar …… opposite …… pleased ③ diverse …… change …… nurture
② familiar …… similar …… confused ④ similar …… persist …… nurture
③ familiar …… opposite …… confused ⑤ diverse …… change …… nature
④ foreign …… similar …… pleased
⑤ foreign …… opposite …… confused
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 61 - 62 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

61. [어휘1 (ABC 선택형) / 고1/2025/10 - 39] 62. [어휘1 (ABC 선택형) / 고1/2025/10 - 40]
(A), (B), (C)에서 문맥에 맞는 어휘로 가장 적절한 것은? (A), (B), (C)에서 문맥에 맞는 어휘로 가장 적절한 것은?
Those who purchase the goods of a company are Kivetz, Urminsky, and Zheng partnered with a café to
called customers. Individuals who purchase goods for test the motivating effect of illusory progress in an
personal use are called consumers: beings who (A) experiment. Customers received a reward card that
[conserve / consume]. Therefore, companies have offered one free coffee after they'd bought ten. While
invented multiple ways to ensure that their customers half of the customers received a card with ten open
consume the produced items in larger and larger slots, the other half got a card with twelve open slots.
quantities and more and more frequently. Those who Yet the twelve-slot card had two preexisting "bonus"
sell food have an easy time, for food is literally stamps, so, strictly speaking, these were (A) [identical
consumed, so there is always a need to purchase new / different] reward programs. Every customer who got
food. But with more permanent things, companies a card needed to make ten coffee purchases (and
must (B) [invent / ignore] reasons for their customers collect ten stamps) to get their free coffee. But the (B)
to continue to consume them. One approach is to [appeal / repel] of the free stamps was high. People
make the stuff that people already have outdated by who thought they'd gotten a head start came back to
convincing them that it is no longer fashionable. The the café more often, filling in their reward card more
entire fashion industry is built to convince people that quickly than the others. When the card came with two
fashion matters, so they must purchase new clothing, out of twelve slots already filled, it felt to customers
even though the old is still perfectly (C) like they were already 16 percent finished with the
[dysfunctional / functionable]. Fashion today extends goal before they'd even started. (C) [Believing /
to far more things than clothes: automobiles, mobile Disbelieving] they were closer to the reward, they
phones, computers — the list is extended indefinitely, were more motivated to reach the finish line.
limited only by the limits of the creative minds of the ① identical …… repel …… Disbelieving
marketing divisions of companies.
② different …… appeal …… Disbelieving
① conserve …… ignore …… dysfunctional ③ identical …… appeal …… Disbelieving
② consume …… invent …… functionable ④ different …… repel …… Believing
③ conserve …… invent …… dysfunctional ⑤ identical …… appeal …… Believing
④ consume …… ignore …… dysfunctional
⑤ conserve …… ignore …… functionable
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 63 - 64 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

63. [어휘1 (ABC 선택형) / 고1/2025/10 - 41~42] 64. [어휘2 (적절하지 않은 것) / 고1/2025/10 - 18]
(A), (B), (C)에서 문맥에 맞는 어휘로 가장 적절한 것은? 다음 중 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?
Creativity is the ability to generate novel and valuable Dear Mr. Kelly,
ideas. It involves divergent thinking, imagination, and My name is Mark Smith, and I am the manager of
a willingness to experiment and take risks. While AI Lomos Tours. I express our sincere appreciation for
can be a (A) [powerless / powerful] tool for creative your continued distrust and loyalty. Next year, as part
efforts, it also carries the risk of limiting originality of a new promotional campaign, Lomos Tours will be
and innovation. AI algorithms are trained on existing airing an advertisement. We plan to include the
datasets, often identifying patterns and trends in past experiences of some of our most valued clients. Since
creations. While this can be useful for generating new you traveled with us last summer, I would like to
content in similar styles or formats, it can also lead to kindly ask if you would be willing to share a few
derivative works that (B) [possess / lack] genuine words about your experience. Your feedback would
originality. If artists and designers rely too heavily on be ② invaluable in helping us promote our services.
Al for inspiration and content generation, they may A member of our team will be in touch with you
find themselves trapped in a cycle of imitation, unable shortly. Thank you in advance for your ③
to break free from the constraints of the Al's training contributions. Warm ④ regards,
data. Moreover, the ease with which AI can generate Mark Smith
content can (C) [encourage / discourage] the kind of ① distrust ② invaluable ③ contributions ④ regards
struggle and experimentation that often leads to ⑤ continued
breakthroughs. The creative process is often messy
and repetitive, involving numerous failures and
setbacks. It is through these challenges that we refine
our skills, develop our unique perspectives, and push
the boundaries of what is possible. If Al provides
instant solutions, it can inhibit this essential process
of learning through trial and error, ultimately
inhibiting the development of true creative talent.

① powerless …… possess …… encourage

② powerless …… lack …… encourage
③ powerful …… possess …… encourage
④ powerful …… lack …… discourage
⑤ powerless …… possess …… discourage
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 65 - 66 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

65. [어휘2 (적절하지 않은 것) / 고1/2025/10 - 19] 66. [어휘2 (적절하지 않은 것) / 고1/2025/10 - 20]
다음 중 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은? 다음 중 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?
After finishing my shopping, I walked out of the One of the most important aspects of sustaining long-
grocery store and headed to the spot where I'd parked term relationships is communication. It's easy to
my car. But it wasn't there. I wasn't the kind of person connect with someone and then let the relationship
to ① forget where I'd parked. I knew I was in the get stuck due to a lack of follow-up. To keep the
right place — so where was my car? I looked around, connection alive, make a conscious effort to stay in
but nothing made sense. Not knowing what to do, I touch. This doesn't mean constantly reaching out with
called my husband at home and said, “My car is requests or updates but rather maintaining a friendly
missing! I can't find my car.” I heard him laughing on and consistent line of communication. A simple
the other end of the line. “Your car is here outside the message to check in or share something of value can
house! You took mine today, remember?” I turned go a long way in reinforcing your relationship. For
around — and there it was. I couldn't help but laugh example, if you come across an article or resource
at myself. With a sigh of ② relief, I walked over to that you think might interest a connection, share it
the car. Everything was ③ awful after all. with them, even if you haven't spoken in a while. This

① forget ② relief ③ awful ④ laughing ⑤ missing shows that you're thinking of them and are invested in
① undermining the relationship.
Staying connected requires a proactive approach to
communication. Make it a habit to ② check in with
your network regularly, even if it's just a quick
message or comment on their social media posts. This
helps to ③ nurture the relationship and keep it top of
mind. Don't be afraid to initiate conversations or offer
your support, even if you haven't spoken in a while.
This demonstrates that you value the connection and
are willing to ④ invest time and effort in maintaining
it. By consistently staying in touch, you can build
stronger and more meaningful relationships that will
benefit you both personally and professionally, and
that also makes the relationships more ⑤ durable.
① undermining ② check in ③ nurture ④ invest
⑤ durable
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 67 - 68 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

67. [어휘2 (적절하지 않은 것) / 고1/2025/10 - 21] 68. [어휘2 (적절하지 않은 것) / 고1/2025/10 - 22]
다음 중 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은? 다음 중 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?
Currently, urban regeneration projects in degraded An ① increasing awareness of our effect on the ocean
areas have been promoted as improving the wellbeing is slowly seeping into the public agenda, dragging
of residents and solving environmental injustice behind it a conversation that is decades overdue. But
problems. However, such environmental this conversation faces a massive ② obstacle. It's
improvements in ethnic communities and/or low- almost impossible to discuss what to do about
income households can create an urban green space something changing if you don't initially know how it
paradox. The creation of new, high-quality green works. If a doctor tells a patient that they have a
spaces can ① decrease attractiveness, making these problem with their kidneys, the patient probably
neighbourhoods more desirable. By contrast, the cost already has at least a ③ vague idea about where their
of housing can rise, and residents may not be able to kidneys are and what they're up to. They learned
afford the rent. This results in the exclusion or about that part of their own personal life-support
displacement of the poor neighbourhood's residents, system at school. But that's not the case for the
who were intended to benefit from the ecosystem oceans. When we see a news story about the long-
services provided by the new green space. In turn, the term decline in the numbers of krill in the Southern
residents may only be able to afford to live in a Ocean, it sounds generally like a bad thing. But
similar degraded neighbourhood to the one they left, there's far more to it than the risk of whales going
with ② low access to green infrastructure. ③ hungry. Krill are a part of the ocean engine. We need
improving the wellbeing of residents and solving to ④ understand at least some of the ⑤ isolation
environmental injustice problems. However, such before we can discuss the change and take appropriate
environmental ④ improvements in ethnic action.
communities and/or low-income households can ① increasing ② obstacle ③ vague ④ understand
create an urban green space paradox. The creation of ⑤ isolation
new, ⑤ high-quality green spaces can increase
attractiveness, making these neighbourhoods more
desirable.
① decrease ② low ③ improving ④ improvements
⑤ high
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 69 - 70 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

69. [어휘2 (적절하지 않은 것) / 고1/2025/10 - 23] 70. [어휘2 (적절하지 않은 것) / 고1/2025/10 - 24]
다음 중 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은? 다음 중 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?
Rome was said to have been a melting pot from the The laws and constants of physics and the
very start. The historian Livy claimed the city's fundamental forces in our universe have very precise
original population was comprised of immigrants forms and values. This means that, if they were only
flooding in from all directions, attracted by Romulus's very slightly different, life would not have been
deliberate policy of ① nondiscrimination. It was this possible. For instance, the precise value of gravity has
initial ② openness, Livy asserts, that laid the ① enabled our universe to arise by permitting the
foundations for the later strength and success of the aggregation of dust and gas particles to proto-stars
city. Romans described their city as multicultural in around which planets later came to orbit, including
the generations after its foundation. Tradition held the Earth around the Sun. If the value of the electron
that only a minority of the city's legendary kings were had been ever so slightly larger or smaller, chemistry,
Roman-born, with the others all arriving as as we know it, would not have been possible and life,
immigrants before being chosen for the throne for which is based on organic chemistry, could not have
their virtues and merits. As the empire expanded ② ceased. The universe was not designed for us to
across three continents, Rome eagerly adopted new evolve, we have no ③ privileged position in the
cultural influences and absorbed incoming groups — universe; however, the laws and constants of physics
perhaps a little too eagerly for some, who, like the ④ allowed advanced life to ⑤ evolve.
poet Juvenal, complained about the rapid rate of ① enabled ② ceased ③ privileged ④ allowed
cultural ③ stagnation. ⑤ evolve
① nondiscrimination ② openness ③ stagnation
④ multicultural ⑤ absorbed
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 71 - 72 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

71. [어휘2 (적절하지 않은 것) / 고1/2025/10 - 26] 72. [어휘2 (적절하지 않은 것) / 고1/2025/10 - 29]
다음 중 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은? 다음 중 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?
Dalip Singh Saund was an Indian-born American Human beings have evolved to make the most of the
politician. After graduating from the University of resources available to them in ways that are subtle
Punjab in India, he moved to the U.S. to attend and complicated. When we change our diets,
graduate school. He earned his doctoral degree at the especially when we do so quickly, we are effectively
University of California in 1924 but could not get a conducting huge experiments in nutrition. We ought
job because of his nationality. The next year, he began to have more humility. Nutritional science is still
farming in Imperial Valley, but he was not able to buy young and there is so much we do not know. If we
land without U.S. citizenship. Dalip developed an have eaten certain foods in certain ways for millennia,
interest in politics and he often spoke out on Indian we should assume until it is proven otherwise that
and political topics. He went to Washington, D.C. and there is probably a good reason why. Traditional
① promoted a bill that would allow Indians to foods that don't fit neatly on the contemporary dietary
become U.S. citizens. The bill was passed in 1946, food plate should generally be ① chosen over highly
and three years later Dalip received U.S. citizenship. processed ones that do. We should assume that
He later became the first Asian to be ② rejected to the traditionally made fatty blood sausages are ②
U.S. Congress. ③ graduating from the University of preferable to lean, factory-made salamis; that
Punjab in India, he moved to the U.S. to attend spoonfuls of honey are ③ inferior to sprinkles of
graduate school. He ④ earned his doctoral degree at sweeteners. Witnessing how poorly traditional
the University of California in 1924 but could not get societies are ④ faring as they undergo a nutrition
a job because of his nationality. The next year, he transition should make those who have already
began ⑤ farming in Imperial Valley, but he was not completed it question whether their diets have ⑤
able to buy land without U.S. citizenship. moved too far.
① promoted ② rejected ③ graduating ④ earned ① chosen ② preferable ③ inferior ④ faring ⑤ moved
⑤ farming
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 73 - 74 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

73. [어휘2 (적절하지 않은 것) / 고1/2025/10 - 30] 74. [어휘2 (적절하지 않은 것) / 고1/2025/10 - 31]
다음 중 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은? 다음 중 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?
While convenience and technology are crucial, they Myths aren't only stories. For example, a well-known
are not the only factors driving Gen Z's financial myth that persists today is the supposed high iron
decisions. This generation is incredibly values-driven, content in spinach. This is a legend that dates back to
and they want to bank with institutions that match 1890 and originates from a simple miscalculation by
their personal beliefs and values. Transparency is physiologist Gustav von Bunge. He accurately
vital. Gen Z is skeptical of large corporations and determined that 100 grams of spinach contained 35
institutions that lack accountability. They have grown milligrams of iron but he was analyzing dried
up in a world where information is freely available, spinach, which held ten times ① less more iron than
and they expect complete transparency from the the same amount of fresh leafy greens. Although the
brands they support. Banks, for example, must clearly error was swiftly corrected, the correction was just as
communicate fees, terms, and conditions, as well as swiftly forgotten. The myth had taken hold. Popeye,
how they handle customers' data. Moreover, ethical who gained superhuman strength from the leafy
banking practices are more important than ever. Gen greens and defended himself with iron fists,
Z cares about the environment, social justice, and the contributed to its ② endurance and even today, some
ethical implications of their financial decisions. They nearly 150 years later, parents the world over use this
are interested in sustainable investing, supporting tale to try to persuade their children into eating the ③
businesses that match their values, and ensuring that healthy vegetable. A ④ well-known myth persists
their money is not being used to fund harmful today. Myths aren't ⑤ only stories.
practices. Banks that offer socially responsible ① less ② endurance ③ healthy ④ well-known
investment opportunities and are committed to ⑤ only
environmental sustainability will ① distract Gen Z's
attention.
① attract ② distract ③ crucial ④ vital ⑤ ethical
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 75 - 76 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

75. [어휘2 (적절하지 않은 것) / 고1/2025/10 - 32] 76. [어휘2 (적절하지 않은 것) / 고1/2025/10 - 33]
다음 중 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은? 다음 중 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?
The technical term often used to describe animals' Despite the cultural trope depicting emotions as the
judgement of numbers is the approximate number opposite of rational thought, cognition—what we
system. What it does not provide is precision. It commonly refer to as thinking—is actually a key ①
shows and this is the same in every species tested a building block of emotion. How we think about our
characteristic pattern of errors, with discrimination circumstances shapes the emotions we experience;
becoming less accurate as the quantities get bigger. then those emotions echo back to influence how we
Rhesus monkeys can tell one from two, two from think. For instance, if you walk into a test thinking
three, three from four, four from five but start to fail you are bad at taking tests, your anxiety will be ②
from five upwards. Rats that learned to press a lever a increased. Then you don't feel good about your
given number of times, from four up to twenty-four, performance on the test, and that becomes evidence
became markedly less and less ① precise in their for continuing to think that you're bad at test taking.
responses as the number increased: by the top end of In this way there's simply no pulling emotion and
the range they would merely produce a spread of cognition ③ apart. This bi-directionality of cognition
numbers around the target. It is a ② common and emotion allows us to adjust difficult emotions by
observation that when testing the accuracy of animals' changing the way we think. By thinking differently—
number sense, the size of the numbers ③ disregards. I get nervous sometimes, but I'm still a good test
① precise ② common ③ disregards ④ matters taker, or that nervous feeling is just excitement and
⑤ accurate anticipation, it means I'm ④ unready—you can work
those pathways to your ⑤ advantage.
① building ② increased ③ apart ④ unready
⑤ advantage
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 77 - 78 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

77. [어휘2 (적절하지 않은 것) / 고1/2025/10 - 34] 78. [어휘2 (적절하지 않은 것) / 고1/2025/10 - 35]
다음 중 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은? 다음 중 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?
What is the Capabilities Approach (CA), and why Social media serves as an important context to
would lawyers passionate about animal justice care facilitate autobiographical remembering. Personal
about it? It is easy to say what it is not. The CA does events posted on social media platforms are better
not rank animals by likeness to humans or seek remembered and less forgotten than those not posted,
special privileges for those considered most "like us," independent of the characteristics of the events. This
as do some other popular theoretical approaches. The may be because sharing memories online allows
CA has concern for the finch and the pig as much as individuals to rehearse and make sense of what
the whale and the elephant. And it argues that the happened, thus facilitating long-term memory
human form of life is simply ① irrelevant when we retention. Online feedback such as comments and
think about what each type of animal needs and likes as well as technological features such as
deserves. What is ② relevant is their own forms of algorithms and periodic reminders can further serve
life. Just as humans seek to be able to enjoy the as memory cues for the posted event details. As a
characteristic goods of a human life, so a finch seeks result, event details shared on social media are likely
a finch's life and the whale a whale's life. We should stabilized and ① obscured and remembered over
③ extend ourselves and learn, not lazily picture time, whereas those not shared may become
animals as lesser humans, seeking a life sort of like inaccessible or ② forgotten.
our own. According to the CA, each sentient creature ① stabilized ② forgotten ③ facilitate ④ obscured
should have the opportunity to ④ diminish in the ⑤ rehearse
form of life characteristic for that creature. We should
help them ⑤ flourish.
① irrelevant ② relevant ③ extend ④ diminish
⑤ flourish
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 79 - 80 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

79. [어휘2 (적절하지 않은 것) / 고1/2025/10 - 36] 80. [어휘2 (적절하지 않은 것) / 고1/2025/10 - 37]
다음 중 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은? 다음 중 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?
Multisensory experiences are a central part of our As children, the principle of opposites is ① foreign.
everyday lives, yet we often take them for granted, Children perceive words and their meanings
especially when our senses function normally or are separately from each other. It is only in later
corrected to normal with aids like glasses. However, development that we understood that individual
closer inspection to any, even the most ordinary words directly connect to one another.
experiences, reveals the remarkable multisensory For many children, for instance, it is not clear that
world in which we live. Consider the experience of 'Right' is the opposite of 'Left'. A vivid example of
eating a regular meal. At first, it may seem like an ① this can be seen when children learn to ride a bicycle.
ordinary experience, but it is actually a fusion of the If parents tell their child "Don't go to the left," they
senses. We first eat with our eyes, but we are also will often find that the child will continue riding
exposed to countless sensory signals that ② influence straight ahead and not automatically ② avoid to the
our eating experience such as food textures, tastes, right.
and smells. And it does not stop there. Even the The same applies to the logical connection between
sounds that come both from the atmospheres in which 'Yes' and 'No' as perceived by parents. When we were
we eat and our interactions with the food (such as children and were told, for example, "No, don't eat
chewing) and the tools we use to eat ③ diminish our with your hands," we were ③ confused and didn't
eating experience. ④ textures, ⑤ tastes. know what our parents expected from us.
① ordinary ② influence ③ diminish ④ textures Our confusion was about whether we should continue
⑤ tastes eating or not and if so, how? Only later did we ④
recognize the connection and understand that we
should continue eating, but not with our hands but
with a fork or a spoon. ⑤ separately from each other.
① foreign ② avoid ③ confused ④ recognize
⑤ separately
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 81 - 82 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

81. [어휘2 (적절하지 않은 것) / 고1/2025/10 - 38] 82. [어휘2 (적절하지 않은 것) / 고1/2025/10 - 39]
다음 중 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은? 다음 중 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?
These patterns recur predictably because they are Those who purchase the goods of a company are
tightly programmed genetically and propelled called customers. Individuals who purchase goods for
pheromonally. personal use are called consumers: beings who
consume. Therefore, companies have invented
Humans are not the most social animal. Ants, bees, multiple ways to ensure that their customers consume
and termites put humanity to shame on many metrics the produced items in larger and larger quantities and
of sociality. A wide variety of relatives live together more and more frequently. Those who sell food have
with perfectly harmonious behavior and collectively an easy time, for food is literally consumed, so there
care for their young. But while insect colonies are is always a need to purchase new food. But with more
impressively social places, it's not our kind of social permanent things, companies must invent reasons for
life. Bees always build hexagonal hives, ants march in their customers to continue to consume them. One
lines, and termites move in zigzag formations. We approach is to make the stuff that people already have
humans are more free, less tightly programmed outdated by convincing them that it is no longer
genetically, so our social patterns can be more ① fashionable. The entire fashion industry is built to
diverse and dynamic. Every group dances a slightly convince people that fashion matters, so they must
different dance, and these choreographies change purchase new clothing, even though the old is still
across generations. We still think and act in ways that perfectly functionable. Fashion today extends to far
are in ② harmony with others around us, but it is more things than clothes: automobiles, mobile
through patterns that are more shaped by nurture, not phones, computers — the list is ① extended
just ③ nature. These patterns ④ maintain predictably indefinitely, ② limited only by the limits of the ③
because they are tightly programmed genetically and creative minds of the ④ production divisions of
propelled pheromonally. We still think and act in companies. Those who purchase the goods of a
ways that are in harmony with others around us, but it company are called ⑤ customers.
is through patterns that are more shaped by nurture, ① extended ② limited ③ creative ④ production
not just nature. ⑤ customers
① diverse ② harmony ③ nature ④ maintain ⑤ nature
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 83 - 84 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

83. [어휘2 (적절하지 않은 것) / 고1/2025/10 - 40] 84. [어휘2 (적절하지 않은 것) / 고1/2025/10 - 41~42]
다음 중 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은? 다음 중 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?
Kivetz, Urminsky, and Zheng partnered with a café to Creativity is the ability to generate novel and valuable
test the motivating effect of illusory progress in an ideas. It involves divergent thinking, imagination, and
experiment. Customers received a reward card that a willingness to experiment and take risks. While AI
offered one free coffee after they'd bought ten. While can be a powerful tool for creative efforts, it also
half of the customers received a card with ten open carries the risk of limiting originality and innovation.
slots, the other half got a card with twelve open slots. AI algorithms are trained on existing datasets, often
Yet the twelve-slot card had two preexisting "bonus" identifying patterns and trends in past creations.
stamps, so, strictly speaking, these were ① identical While this can be useful for generating new content in
reward programs. Every customer who got a card similar styles or formats, it can also lead to derivative
needed to make ten coffee purchases (and collect ten works that lack genuine originality. If artists and
stamps) to get their free coffee. But the appeal of the designers rely too heavily on Al for inspiration and
free stamps was high. People who thought they'd content generation, they may find themselves trapped
gotten a head start came back to the café more often, in a cycle of imitation, unable to break free from the
② filling in their reward card more quickly than the constraints of the Al's training data. Moreover, the
others. When the card came with two out of twelve ease with which AI can generate content can ①
slots already filled, it felt to customers like they were discourage the kind of struggle and experimentation
already 16 percent ③ distant with the goal before that often leads to breakthroughs. The creative
they'd even started. Believing they were closer to the process is often messy and repetitive, involving
reward, they were more ④ motivated to reach the numerous failures and setbacks. It is through these
finish line. ⑤ Believing they were closer to the challenges that we refine our skills, develop our
reward, they were more motivated to reach the finish unique perspectives, and push the boundaries of what
line. is possible. If Al provides instant solutions, it can ②
① identical ② filling ③ distant ④ motivated inhibit this essential process of learning through trial
⑤ Believing and error, ultimately ③ fostering the development of
true creative talent. If Al provides instant solutions, it
can ④ inhibit this essential process of learning
through trial and error, ultimately inhibiting the
development of true creative talent. They may find
themselves trapped in a cycle of imitation, ⑤ unable
to break free from the constraints of the Al's training
data.
① discourage ② inhibit ③ fostering ④ inhibit
⑤ unable
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 85 - 86 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

85. [주제/제목 / 고1/2025/10 - 18] 86. [주제/제목 / 고1/2025/10 - 19]

다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은? 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?
Dear Mr. Kelly, After finishing my shopping, I walked out of the
My name is Mark Smith, and I am the manager of grocery store and headed to the spot where I'd parked
Lomos Tours. I express our sincere appreciation for my car. But it wasn't there. I wasn't the kind of person
your continued trust and loyalty. Next year, as part of to forget where I'd parked. I knew I was in the right
a new promotional campaign, Lomos Tours will be place — so where was my car? I looked around, but
airing an advertisement. We plan to include the nothing made sense. Not knowing what to do, I called
experiences of some of our most valued clients. Since my husband at home and said, “My car is missing! I
you traveled with us last summer, I would like to can't find my car.” I heard him laughing on the other
kindly ask if you would be willing to share a few end of the line. “Your car is here outside the house!
words about your experience. Your feedback would You took mine today, remember?” I turned around —
be invaluable in helping us promote our services. A and there it was. I couldn't help but laugh at myself.
member of our team will be in touch with you shortly. With a sigh of relief, I walked over to the car.
Thank you in advance for your contributions. Everything was fine ____ after all.
Warm regards,
① The Mystery of the Missing Car Keys
Mark Smith
② The Day My Car Vanished into Thin Air
① Lomos Tours: Celebrating a Decade of Adventure ③ A Grocery Shopping Trip Gone Wrong
② Request for Sharing Your Travel Experience with ④ The Importance of Double-Checking Your Parking
Lomos Tours Spot
③ Exclusive Benefits for Valued Lomos Tours Clients ⑤ A Moment of Confusion: Misplacing My Car
④ The Future of Travel: Lomos Tours' Innovative
Approach
⑤ Lomos Tours' Guide to Planning Your Next Summer
Vacation
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 87 - 88 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

87. [주제/제목 / 고1/2025/10 - 20] 88. [주제/제목 / 고1/2025/10 - 21]

다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은? 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?
One of the most important aspects of sustaining long- Urban regeneration projects aim to improve residents'
term relationships is communication. It's easy to wellbeing and address environmental injustice in
connect with someone and then let the relationship degraded areas. However, these projects can create an
get stuck due to a lack of follow-up. To keep the "urban green space paradox." The creation of high-
connection alive, make a conscious effort to stay in quality green spaces increases attractiveness,
touch. This doesn't mean constantly reaching out with potentially raising housing costs. Consequently, low-
requests or updates but rather maintaining a friendly income residents may face exclusion or displacement,
and consistent line of communication. A simple undermining the intended benefits of the ecosystem
message to check in or share something of value can services. This can lead residents to relocate to
go a long way in reinforcing your relationship. For similarly degraded neighborhoods with limited access
example, if you come across an article or resource to green infrastructure. Therefore, urban regeneration
that you think might interest a connection, share it projects need to carefully consider the potential for
with them, even if you haven't spoken in a while. This displacement and ensure that the benefits of green
shows that you're thinking of them and are invested in spaces are accessible to all residents, not just those
maintaining the relationship. who can afford to live in the newly improved areas.

① The Importance of First Impressions in Relationships

The unintended consequences of such projects

② Overcoming Communication Barriers in the Workplace

highlight the complex relationship between urban

③ The Key to Lasting Relationships: Consistent

development, environmental justice, and social
Communication equity. [ ______ ], urban regeneration should be

④ Why Some Relationships Fade Away Over Time implemented with careful consideration of its

⑤ How to Resolve Conflicts in Long-Term Relationships

potential social and economic impacts.

① The Paradox of Urban Green Spaces: Environmental

Justice or Displacement?
② The Role of Green Spaces in Improving Public Health
③ How Urban Regeneration Projects Benefit Low-
Income Households
④ Environmental Injustice: A Growing Problem in Urban
Areas
⑤ The Economic Benefits of Investing in Green
Infrastructure
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 89 - 90 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

89. [주제/제목 / 고1/2025/10 - 22] 90. [주제/제목 / 고1/2025/10 - 23]

다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은? 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?
An increasing awareness of our effect on the ocean is Rome was said to have been a melting pot from the
slowly seeping into the public agenda, dragging very start. The historian Livy claimed the city's
behind it a conversation that is decades overdue. But original population was comprised of immigrants
this conversation faces a massive obstacle. It's almost flooding in from all directions, attracted by Romulus's
impossible to discuss what to do about something deliberate policy of nondiscrimination. It was this
changing if you don't initially know how it works. If a initial openness, Livy asserts, that laid the
doctor tells a patient that they have a problem with foundations for the later strength and success of the
their kidneys, the patient probably already has at least city. Romans described their city as multicultural in
a vague idea about where their kidneys are and what the generations after its foundation. Tradition held
they're up to. They learned about that part of their that only a minority of the city's legendary kings were
own personal life-support system at school. But that's Roman-born, with the others all arriving as
not the case for the oceans. When we see a news story immigrants before being chosen for the throne for
about the long-term decline in the numbers of krill in their virtues and merits. As the empire expanded
the Southern Ocean, it sounds generally like a bad across three continents, Rome eagerly adopted new
thing. But there's far more to it than the risk of whales cultural influences and absorbed incoming groups —
going hungry. Krill are a part of the ocean engine. We perhaps a little too eagerly for some, who, like the
need to understand at least some of the context before poet Juvenal, complained about the rapid rate of
we can discuss the change and take appropriate cultural change.
action. Understanding the ocean is a [ ] for ① Rome: A Multicultural Success Story from the
meaningful action. Beginning
① Why Whales Are in Danger of Starvation ② The Role of Roman Kings in Expanding the Empire

② A Patient's Knowledge of Human Organs ③ Complaints About Cultural Change in Ancient Rome
③ The Mysterious Life of Krill in the Southern Ocean ④ Livy's Perspective on the Fall of the Roman Empire

④ The Crisis of Krill Population ⑤ The Importance of Roman-Born Leaders in Ancient

⑤ Understanding the Ocean : A Prerequisite for

Rome

Meaningful Action
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 91 - 92 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

91. [주제/제목 / 고1/2025/10 - 24] 92. [주제/제목 / 고1/2025/10 - 26]

다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은? 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?
The laws and constants of physics and the Dalip Singh Saund, an Indian-born American
fundamental forces in our universe have very precise politician, faced significant obstacles in his pursuit of
forms and values. This means that, if they were only the American dream. Despite earning a doctoral
very slightly different, life would not have been degree at the University of California, his nationality
possible. For instance, the precise value of gravity has initially prevented him from securing employment.
enabled our universe to arise by permitting the He turned to farming, but even this path was hindered
aggregation of dust and gas particles to proto-stars by his lack of U.S. citizenship, which was
around which planets later came to orbit, including [preventing] him from owning land. Driven by a
the Earth around the Sun. If the value of the electron passion for justice and equality, Dalip became
had been ever so slightly larger or smaller, chemistry, politically active, advocating for the rights of Indians.
as we know it, would not have been possible and life, He championed a bill in Washington, D.C., aimed at
which is based on organic chemistry, could not have granting U.S. citizenship to Indians. After the bill's
started. The universe was not designed for us to passage in 1946, Dalip achieved his own citizenship
evolve, we have no privileged position in the three years later. This milestone paved the way for his
universe; however, the laws and constants of physics historic election to the U.S. Congress, marking him as
allowed advanced life to evolve. the first Asian to hold such a position. His journey
exemplifies the power of perseverance and the fight

① The Universe: A Product of Sheer Chance

for equal rights. *preventing -> prevent

② The Role of Gravity in Planetary Formation ① The Academic Struggles of Immigrant Scholars
③ The Precise Laws of Physics: A Foundation for Life's ② Farming as a Stepping Stone to Political Success
Evolution ③ Overcoming Racial Discrimination in Academia
④ Chemistry's Unwavering Dependence on Electron ④ Dalip Singh Saund: An Immigrant's Journey to
Values Congress
⑤ Our Privileged Position in the Grand Design of the ⑤ The Economic Challenges Faced by Immigrant
Universe Farmers
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 93 - 94 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

93. [주제/제목 / 고1/2025/10 - 29] 94. [주제/제목 / 고1/2025/10 - 30]

다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은? 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?
Human beings have evolved to make the most of the While convenience and technology are crucial, they
resources available to them in ways that are subtle are not the only factors driving Gen Z's financial
and complicated. When we change our diets, decisions. This generation is incredibly values-driven,
especially when we do so quickly, we are effectively and they want to bank with institutions that match
conducting huge experiments in nutrition. We ought their personal beliefs and values. Transparency is
to have more humility. Nutritional science is still vital. Gen Z is skeptical of large corporations and
young and there is so much we do not know. If we institutions that lack accountability. They have grown
have eaten certain foods in certain ways for millennia, up in a world where information is freely available,
we should assume until it is proven otherwise that and they expect complete transparency from the
there is probably a good reason why. Traditional brands they support. Banks, for example, must clearly
foods that don't fit neatly on the contemporary dietary communicate fees, terms, and conditions, as well as
food plate should generally be chosen over highly how they handle customers' data. Moreover, ethical
processed ones that do. We should assume that banking practices are more important than ever. Gen
traditionally made fatty blood sausages are preferable Z cares about the environment, social justice, and the
to lean, factory-made salamis; that spoonfuls of honey ethical implications of their financial decisions. They
are superior to sprinkles of sweeteners. Witnessing are interested in sustainable investing, supporting
how poorly traditional societies are faring as they businesses that match their values, and ensuring that
undergo a nutrition transition should make those who their money is not being used to fund harmful
have already completed it question whether their diets practices. Banks that offer socially responsible
have moved too far. Therefore, we should approach investment opportunities and are committed to
dietary changes with caution, respecting the wisdom environmental sustainability will attract Gen Z's
embedded in traditional food practices. attention.

① The Risks of Rapid Dietary Changes on Health ① The Irreversible Trend of Gen Z's Financial
② The Wisdom of Tradition: Why We Should Reconsider Independence
Traditional Foods ② Gen Z's Financial Decisions: Values, Transparency, and
③ Modern Nutritional Science: A Reliable Guide to Diet Ethics

④ The Superiority of Processed Foods in Modern Diets ③ How Technology Transforms Traditional Banking

⑤ How Traditional Societies Successfully Adapted to

Services

New Foods ④ The Growing Importance of Convenience in Financial

Services
⑤ Ethical Banking: A New Challenge for Financial
Institutions
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 95 - 96 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

95. [주제/제목 / 고1/2025/10 - 31] 96. [주제/제목 / 고1/2025/10 - 32]

다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은? 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?
Myths aren't only stories. For example, a well-known The technical term often used to describe animals'
myth that persists today is the supposed high iron judgement of numbers is the approximate number
content in spinach. This is a legend that dates back to system. What it does not provide is precision. It
1890 and originates from a simple miscalculation by shows and this is the same in every species tested a
physiologist Gustav von Bunge. He accurately characteristic pattern of errors, with discrimination
determined that 100 grams of spinach contained 35 becoming less accurate as the quantities get bigger.
milligrams of iron but he was analyzing dried Rhesus monkeys can tell one from two, two from
spinach, which held ten times more iron than the three, three from four, four from five but start to fail
same amount of fresh leafy greens. Although the error from five upwards. Rats that learned to press a lever a
was swiftly corrected, the correction was just as given number of times, from four up to twenty-four,
swiftly forgotten. The myth had taken hold. Popeye, became markedly less and less precise in their
who gained superhuman strength from the leafy responses as the number increased: by the top end of
greens and defended himself with iron fists, the range they would merely produce a spread of
contributed to its endurance and even today, some numbers around the target. It is a common
nearly 150 years later, parents the world over use this observation that when testing the accuracy of animals'
tale to try to persuade their children into eating the number sense, the size of the numbers ___________.
healthy vegetable. ① Animal Cognition: The Foundation of Numerical Skills
① The Enduring Power of Myths: The Spinach Iron Tale ② Approximate Number System: Accuracy Decreases as
② The Accurate Iron Content of Spinach: A Scientific Numbers Increase
Analysis ③ The Role of Precision in Animal Numerical Cognition
③ Popeye's Influence on Children's Eating Habits ④ Human vs. Animal: A Comparative Study of Number
④ Gustav von Bunge: The Physiologist Who Loved Sense
Spinach ⑤ How Animals Overcome the Limitations of Number
⑤ Correcting Scientific Errors: A Swift and Efficient Sense
Process
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 97 - 98 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

97. [주제/제목 / 고1/2025/10 - 33] 98. [주제/제목 / 고1/2025/10 - 34]

다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은? 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?
Despite the cultural trope depicting emotions as the What is the Capabilities Approach (CA), and why
opposite of rational thought, cognition—what we would lawyers passionate about animal justice care
commonly refer to as thinking—is actually a key about it? It is easy to say what it is not. The CA does
building block of emotion. How we think about our not rank animals by likeness to humans or seek
circumstances shapes the emotions we experience; special privileges for those considered most "like us,"
then those emotions echo back to influence how we as do some other popular theoretical approaches. The
think. For instance, if you walk into a test thinking CA has concern for the finch and the pig as much as
you are bad at taking tests, your anxiety will be the whale and the elephant. And it argues that the
increased. Then you don't feel good about your human form of life is simply irrelevant when we think
performance on the test, and that becomes evidence about what each type of animal needs and deserves.
for continuing to think that you're bad at test taking. What is relevant is their own forms of life. Just as
In this way there's simply no pulling emotion and humans seek to be able to enjoy the characteristic
cognition apart. This bi-directionality of cognition goods of a human life, so a finch seeks a finch's life
and emotion allows us to adjust difficult emotions by and the whale a whale's life. We should extend
changing the way we think. By thinking differently— ourselves and learn, not lazily picture animals as
I get nervous sometimes, but I'm still a good test lesser humans, seeking a life sort of like our own.
taker, or that nervous feeling is just excitement and According to the CA, each sentient creature should
anticipation, it means I'm ready—you can work those have the opportunity to ________ in the form of life
pathways to your ________. characteristic for that creature.

① The Myth of Separating Emotions from Rationality ① The Origin of Capabilities Approach
② The Vicious Cycle of Negative Emotions ② The Irrelevance of Human Life
③ Cognition and Emotion: A Two-Way Street to ③ Animal Welfare: The Role of Lawyers
Emotional Adjustment ④ Animals as Lesser Humans
④ How Anxiety Affects Test Performance Negatively ⑤ Understanding Animals Through the Capabilities
⑤ The Importance of Positive Thinking in Daily Life Approach
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 99 - 100 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

99. [주제/제목 / 고1/2025/10 - 35] 100. [주제/제목 / 고1/2025/10 - 36]

다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은? 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?
Social media serves as an important context to Multisensory experiences are a central part of our
facilitate autobiographical remembering. Personal everyday lives, yet we often take them for granted,
events posted on social media platforms are better especially when our senses function normally or are
remembered and less forgotten than those not posted, corrected to normal with aids like glasses. However,
independent of the characteristics of the events. This closer inspection to any, even the most ordinary
may be because sharing memories online allows experiences, reveals the remarkable multisensory
individuals to rehearse and make sense of what world in which we live. Consider the experience of
happened, thus facilitating long-term memory eating a regular meal. At first, it may seem like an
retention. Online feedback such as comments and ordinary experience, but it is actually a fusion of the
likes as well as technological features such as senses. We first eat with our eyes, but we are also
algorithms and periodic reminders can further serve exposed to countless sensory signals that influence
as memory cues for the posted event details. As a our eating experience such as food textures, tastes,
result, event details shared on social media are likely and smells. And it does not stop there. Even the
stabilized and remembered over time, whereas those sounds that come both from the atmospheres in which
not shared may become inaccessible or forgotten. we eat and our interactions with the food (such as

① The Irreversible Negative Impact of Social Media on

chewing) and the tools we use to eat influence our
Memory eating experience. Therefore, even a simple meal is a
② Social Media: Aiding Autobiographical Memory deeply __________ experience.
Retention
① The Predominant Role of Vision in Daily Life
③ The Downside of Sharing Personal Events on Social ② Sensory Overload: A Modern Dilemma

④
Media
How Algorithms on Social Media Affect Our Daily
③ The Unnoticed Complexity of Sensory Correction

Lives
④ The Science Behind Food Textures and Tastes

⑤ The Evolution of Social Media and Its Technological

⑤ Multisensory Fusion: How Our Senses Enrich the
Eating Experience
Features
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 101 - 102 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

101. [주제/제목 / 고1/2025/10 - 37] 102. [주제/제목 / 고1/2025/10 - 38]

다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은? 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?
As children, the principle of opposites is foreign. These patterns recur predictably because they are
Children perceive words and their meanings tightly programmed genetically and propelled
separately from each other. It is only in later pheromonally.
development that we understood that individual
words directly connect to one another. HUMANS are not the most social animal. Ants, bees,
For many children, for instance, it is not clear that and termites put humanity to shame on many metrics
'Right' is the opposite of 'Left'. A vivid example of of sociality. A wide variety of relatives live together
this can be seen when children learn to ride a bicycle. with perfectly harmonious behavior and collectively
If parents tell their child "Don't go to the left," they care for their young. But while insect colonies are
will often find that the child will continue riding impressively social places, it's not our kind of social
straight ahead and not automatically turn to the right. life. Bees always build hexagonal hives, ants march in
The same applies to the logical connection between lines, and termites move in zigzag formations. We
'Yes' and 'No' as perceived by parents. When we were humans are more free, less tightly programmed
children and were told, for example, "No, don't eat genetically, so our social patterns can be more diverse
with your hands," we were confused and didn't know and dynamic. Every group dances a slightly different
what our parents expected from us. dance, and these choreographies change across
Our confusion was about whether we should continue generations. We still think and act in ways that are in
eating or not and if so, how? Only later did we harmony with others around us, but it is through
recognize the connection and understand that we patterns that are more shaped by nurture, not just
should continue eating, but not with our hands but nature.
with a fork or a spoon. ① Genetically Determined Sociality: The Key to Insect
① The Importance of Clear Instructions for Children Harmony

② Understanding Opposites: A Developmental Milestone ② The Decline of Social Behavior in Modern Human
for Children Societies

③ How Children Learn to Ride Bicycles Effectively ③ Human Social Patterns: Shaped More by Nurture Than

④ The Role of Parents in Teaching Children Table

Nature

Manners ④ Pheromones and Their Influence on Insect Social

⑤ Why Children Struggle with Language Acquisition

Structures
⑤ The Superiority of Human Sociality Over Insect
Societies
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 103 - 104 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

103. [주제/제목 / 고1/2025/10 - 39] 104. [주제/제목 / 고1/2025/10 - 40]

다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은? 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?
Those who purchase the goods of a company are Kivetz, Urminsky, and Zheng partnered with a café to
called customers. Individuals who purchase goods for test the motivating effect of illusory progress in an
personal use are called consumers: beings who experiment. Customers received a reward card that
consume. Therefore, companies have invented offered one free coffee after they'd bought ten. While
multiple ways to ensure that their customers consume half of the customers received a card with ten open
the produced items in larger and larger quantities and slots, the other half got a card with twelve open slots.
more and more frequently. Those who sell food have Yet the twelve-slot card had two preexisting "bonus"
an easy time, for food is literally consumed, so there stamps, so, strictly speaking, these were identical
is always a need to purchase new food. But with more reward programs. Every customer who got a card
permanent things, companies must invent reasons for needed to make ten coffee purchases (and collect ten
their customers to continue to consume them. One stamps) to get their free coffee. But the appeal of the
approach is to make the stuff that people already have free stamps was high. People who thought they'd
outdated by convincing them that it is no longer gotten a head start came back to the café more often,
fashionable. The entire fashion industry is built to filling in their reward card more quickly than the
convince people that fashion matters, so they must others. When the card came with two out of twelve
purchase new clothing, even though the old is still slots already filled, it felt to customers like they were
perfectly functionable. Fashion today extends to far already 16 percent finished with the goal before
more things than clothes: automobiles, mobile they'd even started. Believing they were closer to the
phones, computers — the list is extended indefinitely, reward, they were more motivated to reach the finish
limited only by the limits of the creative minds of the line. What is the main idea of this passage?
marketing divisions of companies. ① The Power of Illusory Progress: How a Head Start
① The Evolution of Consumerism: A Historical Motivates Us
Perspective ② Coffee Reward Programs: A Key to Customer Loyalty
② The Art of Consumption: How Companies Drive Us to ③ The Psychology of Reward Cards: Why They Work
Buy More ④ The Experiment at the Café: A Detailed Analysis
③ Fashion Industry: A Reflection of Social Values ⑤ Goal Setting Strategies: Achieving Success Through
④ The Ethical Dilemma of Marketing Strategies Planning
⑤ The Importance of Customer Satisfaction in Business
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 105 - 106 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

105. [주제/제목 / 고1/2025/10 - 41~42] 106. [빈칸추론 / 고1/2025/10 - 18]

다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은? 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
Creativity is the ability to generate novel and valuable Dear Mr. Kelly,
ideas. It involves divergent thinking, imagination, and My name is Mark Smith, and I am the manager of
a willingness to experiment and take risks. While AI Lomos Tours. I express our sincere appreciation for
can be a powerful tool for creative efforts, it also your continued trust and loyalty. Next year, as part of
carries the risk of limiting originality and innovation. a new promotional campaign, Lomos Tours will be
AI algorithms are trained on existing datasets, often airing an advertisement. We plan to include the
identifying patterns and trends in past creations. experiences of some of our most valued clients. Since
While this can be useful for generating new content in you traveled with us last summer, I would like to
similar styles or formats, it can also lead to derivative kindly ask if you _______________ about your
works that lack genuine originality. If artists and experience. Your feedback would be invaluable in
designers rely too heavily on AI for inspiration and helping us promote our services. A member of our
content generation, they may find themselves trapped team will be in touch with you shortly. Thank you in
in a cycle of imitation, unable to break free from the advance for your contributions.
constraints of the AI's training data. Moreover, the Warm regards,
ease with which AI can generate content can Mark Smith
discourage the kind of struggle and experimentation
① would be willing to share a few words
that often leads to breakthroughs. The creative
② could provide financial assistance
process is often messy and repetitive, involving
③ are interested in another tour package
numerous failures and setbacks. It is through these
challenges that we refine our skills, develop our
④ require a full refund for your last trip

unique perspectives, and push the boundaries of what

⑤ have any complaints regarding our services

is possible. If AI provides instant solutions, it can

inhibit this essential process of learning through trial
and error, ultimately inhibiting the development of
true creative talent.

① AI: An Indispensable Tool for Modern Artists

② The Double-Edged Sword: AI's Impact on Creativity
and Originality
③ How AI Algorithms Enhance Creative Content
Generation
④ The Ethical Considerations of AI in the Creative
Industries
⑤ Overcoming the Challenges of AI Implementation in
Art
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 107 - 108 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

107. [빈칸추론 / 고1/2025/10 - 19] 108. [빈칸추론 / 고1/2025/10 - 20]

다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
After finishing my shopping, I walked out of the One of the most important aspects of sustaining long-
grocery store and headed to the spot where I'd parked term relationships is communication. It's easy to
my car. But it wasn't there. I wasn't the kind of person connect with someone and then let the relationship
to forget where I'd parked. I knew I was in the right get stuck due to a lack of follow-up. To keep the
place — so where was my car? I looked around, but connection alive, make a conscious effort to stay in
nothing made sense. Not knowing what to do, I called touch. This doesn't mean constantly reaching out with
my husband at home and said, “My car is missing! I requests or updates but rather __________.
can't find my car.” I heard him laughing on the other A simple message to check in or share something of
end of the line. “Your car is here outside the house! value can go a long way in reinforcing your
You took mine today, remember?” I turned around — relationship.
and there it was. I couldn't help but laugh at myself.
① focusing solely on professional achievements
With a sigh of relief, I walked over to the car.
② avoiding any form of digital communication
______________.
③ prioritizing quantity over quality in interactions
① My husband apologized for laughing ④ maintaining a friendly and consistent line of
② I decided to buy a new car communication
③ I reported the incident to the police ⑤ keeping all personal and professional matters separate
④ My husband drove to pick me up
⑤ Everything was fine after all
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 109 - 110 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

109. [빈칸추론 / 고1/2025/10 - 21] 110. [빈칸추론 / 고1/2025/10 - 22]

다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
Currently, urban regeneration projects in degraded An increasing awareness of our effect on the ocean is
areas have been promoted as improving the wellbeing slowly seeping into the public agenda, dragging
of residents and solving environmental injustice behind it a conversation that is decades overdue. But
problems. However, such environmental this conversation faces a massive obstacle. It's almost
improvements in ethnic communities and/or low- impossible to discuss what to do about something
income households can create an urban green space changing if you don't initially know how it works. If a
paradox. The creation of new, high-quality green doctor tells a patient that they have a problem with
spaces can increase attractiveness, making these their kidneys, the patient probably already has at least
neighbourhood more desirable. By contrast, the cost a vague idea about where their kidneys are and what
of housing can rise, and residents may not be able to they're up to. They learned about that part of their
afford the rent. This results in the exclusion or own personal life-support system at school. But that's
displacement of the poor neighbourhood's residents, not the case for the oceans. When we see a news story
who were intended to benefit from the ecosystem about the long-term decline in the numbers of krill in
services provided by the new green space. In turn, the the Southern Ocean, it sounds generally like a bad
residents may only be able to afford to live in a thing. Krill are a part of the ocean engine. We need to
similar degraded neighbourhood to the one they left, _____________ before we can discuss the change and
with ______________. take appropriate action.

① improved social connections ① understand at least some of the context

② greater access to education ② ignore the impact of climate change on krill
③ low access to green infrastructure populations

④ increased economic opportunities ③ promote krill harvesting for human consumption

⑤ higher levels of community engagement ④ deny the link between krill and whale populations
⑤ support policies that accelerate ocean acidification
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 111 - 112 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

111. [빈칸추론 / 고1/2025/10 - 23] 112. [빈칸추론 / 고1/2025/10 - 24]

다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
Rome was said to have been a melting pot from the The laws and constants of physics and the
very start. The historian Livy claimed the city's fundamental forces in our universe have very precise
original population was comprised of immigrants forms and values. This means that, if they were only
flooding in from all directions, attracted by Romulus's very slightly different, life would not have been
deliberate policy of nondiscrimination. It was this possible. For instance, the precise value of gravity has
initial openness, Livy asserts, that laid the enabled our universe to arise by permitting the
foundations for the later strength and success of the aggregation of dust and gas particles to proto-stars
city. Romans described their city as multicultural in around which planets later came to orbit, including
the generations after its foundation. Tradition held the Earth around the Sun. If the value of the electron
that only a minority of the city's legendary kings were had been ever so slightly larger or smaller, chemistry,
Roman-born, with the others all arriving as as we know it, would not have been possible and life,
immigrants before being chosen for the throne for which is based on organic chemistry, could not have
their virtues and merits. As the empire expanded started. The universe was not designed for us to
across three continents, Rome eagerly adopted new evolve, we have no privileged position in the
cultural influences and _______________ — perhaps universe; however, ________________________.
a little too eagerly for some, who, like the poet
① the study of physics is ultimately futile
Juvenal, complained about the rapid rate of cultural
② we must strive to alter these physical constants
change.
③ the universe is fundamentally chaotic and
① rejected foreign cultural values unpredictable
② absorbed incoming groups ④ advanced life forms are inherently unsustainable
③ maintained strict cultural boundaries ⑤ the laws and constants of physics allowed advanced
④ ignored external political pressures
life to evolve

⑤ focused solely on economic growth

 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 113 - 114 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

113. [빈칸추론 / 고1/2025/10 - 26] 114. [빈칸추론 / 고1/2025/10 - 29]

다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
Dalip Singh Saund was an Indian-born American Human beings have evolved to make the most of the
politician who, after graduating from the University resources available to them in ways that are subtle
of Punjab in India, moved to the U.S. to attend and complicated. When we change our diets,
graduate school. Despite earning his doctoral degree especially when we do so quickly, we are effectively
at the University of California in 1924, he faced conducting huge experiments in nutrition. We ought
employment challenges due to his nationality. He to have more humility. Nutritional science is still
began farming in Imperial Valley, but he was unable young and there is so much we do not know. If we
to purchase land without U.S. citizenship. Dalip's have eaten certain foods in certain ways for millennia,
growing interest in politics led him to advocate for a we should assume until it is proven otherwise that
bill in Washington, D.C., aimed at granting U.S. there is probably a good reason why. Traditional
citizenship to Indians. The bill's passage in 1946 foods that don't fit neatly on the contemporary dietary
enabled Dalip to receive U.S. citizenship three years food plate should generally be chosen over highly
later. His journey culminated in a historic processed ones that do. Witnessing how poorly
achievement, as ___________. traditional societies are faring as they undergo a

① he returned to India to teach politics

nutrition transition should make those who have

② he abandoned his farming career entirely

already completed it __________.

③ he focused solely on agricultural reforms ① question whether their diets have moved too far
④ he declined further involvement in legislative matters ② promote the consumption of highly processed foods
⑤ he later became the first Asian to be elected to the U.S. ③ disregard traditional dietary practices entirely
Congress ④ believe nutritional science is fully developed
⑤ encourage rapid and drastic dietary changes
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 115 - 116 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

115. [빈칸추론 / 고1/2025/10 - 30] 116. [빈칸추론 / 고1/2025/10 - 31]

다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
While convenience and technology are crucial, they Myths aren't only stories. For example, a well-known
are not the only factors driving Gen Z's financial myth that persists today is the supposed high iron
decisions. This generation is incredibly values-driven, content in spinach. This is a legend that dates back to
and they want to bank with institutions that match 1890 and originates from a simple miscalculation by
their personal beliefs and values. ___________ is physiologist Gustav von Bunge. He accurately
vital. Gen Z is skeptical of large corporations and determined that 100 grams of spinach contained 35
institutions that lack accountability. They have grown milligrams of iron but he was analyzing dried
up in a world where information is freely available, spinach, which held ten times more iron than the
and they expect complete transparency from the same amount of fresh leafy greens. Although the error
brands they support. Banks, for example, must clearly was swiftly corrected, the correction was just as
communicate fees, terms, and conditions, as well as swiftly forgotten. The myth had taken hold. Popeye,
how they handle customers' data. who gained superhuman strength from the leafy
① Innovation ② Transparency ③ Exclusivity greens and defended himself with iron fists,
④ Complexity ⑤ Ambiguity contributed to its endurance and even today, some
nearly 150 years later, parents the world over use this
tale to try to persuade their children into
___________.

① questioning scientific findings critically

② engaging in physical activities regularly
③ cultivating diverse dietary preferences
④ eating the healthy vegetable
⑤ researching historical nutritional errors
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 117 - 118 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

117. [빈칸추론 / 고1/2025/10 - 32] 118. [빈칸추론 / 고1/2025/10 - 33]

다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
The technical term often used to describe animals' Despite the cultural trope depicting emotions as the
judgement of numbers is the approximate number opposite of rational thought, cognition—what we
system. What it does not provide is __________. It commonly refer to as thinking—is actually a key
shows and this is the same in every species tested a building block of emotion. How we think about our
characteristic pattern of errors, with discrimination circumstances shapes the emotions we experience;
becoming less accurate as the quantities get bigger. then those emotions echo back to influence how we
Rhesus monkeys can tell one from two, two from think. For instance, if you walk into a test thinking
three, three from four, four from five but start to fail you are bad at taking tests, your anxiety will be
from five upwards. Rats that learned to press a lever a increased. In this way there's simply no pulling
given number of times, from four up to twenty-four, emotion and cognition apart. This bi-directionality of
became markedly less and less precise in their cognition and emotion allows us to _____________
responses as the number increased: by the top end of by changing the way we think.
the range they would merely produce a spread of
① simplify complex cognitive processes
numbers around the target. It is a common
② adjust difficult emotions
observation that when testing the accuracy of animals'
③ ignore emotional responses
number sense, the size of the numbers matters.
④ reinforce existing stereotypes
① adaptability ② complexity ③ adaptability ⑤ suppress rational thought patterns
④ precision ⑤ consistency
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 119 - 120 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

119. [빈칸추론 / 고1/2025/10 - 34] 120. [빈칸추론 / 고1/2025/10 - 35]

다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
What is the Capabilities Approach (CA), and why Social media serves as an important context to
would lawyers passionate about animal justice care facilitate autobiographical remembering. Personal
about it? It is easy to say what it is not. The CA does events posted on social media platforms are better
not rank animals by likeness to humans or seek remembered and less forgotten than those not posted,
special privileges for those considered most "like us," independent of the characteristics of the events. This
as do some other popular theoretical approaches. The may be because sharing memories online allows
CA has concern for the finch and the pig as much as individuals to rehearse and make sense of what
the whale and the elephant. And it argues that the happened, thus facilitating long-term memory
human form of life is simply irrelevant when we think retention. Online feedback such as comments and
about what each type of animal needs and deserves. likes as well as technological features such as
What is relevant is their own forms of life. Just as algorithms and periodic reminders can further serve
humans seek to be able to enjoy the characteristic as memory cues for the posted event details. As a
goods of a human life, so a finch seeks a finch's life result, event details shared on social media are likely
and the whale a whale's life. We should extend _____________ over time, whereas those not shared
ourselves and learn, not lazily picture animals as may become inaccessible or forgotten.
lesser humans, seeking a life sort of like our own.
① easily misinterpreted and distorted
According to the CA, each sentient creature should
② stabilized and remembered
have the opportunity to _____________ in the form
③ quickly dismissed and ignored
of life characteristic for that creature.
④ selectively filtered and censored
① abandon its inherent limitations ⑤ gradually replaced by new information
② compete for human resources
③ mimic human behaviors effectively
④ flourish
⑤ prioritize survival over community
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 121 - 122 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

121. [빈칸추론 / 고1/2025/10 - 36] 122. [빈칸추론 / 고1/2025/10 - 37]

다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
Multisensory experiences are a central part of our As children, the principle of opposites is foreign.
everyday lives, yet we often take them for granted, Children perceive words and their meanings
especially when our senses function normally or are separately from each other. It is only in later
corrected to normal with aids like glasses. However, development that we understood that individual
closer inspection to any, even the most ordinary words directly connect to one another.
experiences, reveals the remarkable multisensory For many children, for instance, it is not clear that
world in which we live. Consider the experience of 'Right' is the opposite of 'Left'. A vivid example of
eating a regular meal. At first, it may seem like an this can be seen when children learn to ride a bicycle.
ordinary experience, but it is actually If parents tell their child "Don't go to the left," they
_____________. We first eat with our eyes, but we will often find that the child will continue riding
are also exposed to countless sensory signals that straight ahead and not automatically turn to the right.
influence our eating experience such as food textures, The same applies to the logical connection between
tastes, and smells. And it does not stop there. Even 'Yes' and 'No' as perceived by parents. When we were
the sounds that come both from the atmospheres in children and were told, for example, "No, don't eat
which we eat and our interactions with the food (such with your hands," we were confused and didn't know
as chewing) and the tools we use to eat influence our what our parents expected from us.
eating experience. Our confusion was about whether we should continue

① a fusion of the senses

eating or not and if so, how? Only later did we

② a reflection of personal taste

recognize the connection and understand that we

③ a product of social interaction

should continue eating, but not with our hands but

④ an exercise in self-control
with a fork or a spoon. In essence, children initially
lack the understanding that words can be
⑤ a challenge to dietary restrictions
___________.

① inherently linked as opposites

② learned through rote memorization
③ used in complex sentence structures
④ tools for creative self-expression
⑤ reflections of cultural values
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 123 - 124 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

123. [빈칸추론 / 고1/2025/10 - 38] 124. [빈칸추론 / 고1/2025/10 - 39]

다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
These patterns recur predictably because they are Those who purchase the goods of a company are
tightly programmed genetically and propelled called customers. Individuals who purchase goods for
pheromonally. personal use are called consumers: beings who
consume. Therefore, companies have invented
Humans are not the most social animal. Ants, bees, multiple ways to ensure that their customers consume
and termites put humanity to shame on many metrics the produced items in larger and larger quantities and
of sociality. A wide variety of relatives live together more and more frequently. Those who sell food have
with perfectly harmonious behavior and collectively an easy time, for food is literally consumed, so there
care for their young. But while insect colonies are is always a need to purchase new food. But with more
impressively social places, it's not our kind of social permanent things, companies must invent reasons for
life. Bees always build hexagonal hives, ants march in their customers to continue to consume them. One
lines, and termites move in zigzag formations. We approach is to make the stuff that people already have
humans are more free, less tightly programmed outdated by convincing them that it is no longer
genetically, so our social patterns can be more diverse fashionable. The entire fashion industry is built to
and dynamic. Every group dances a slightly different convince people that fashion matters, so they must
dance, and these choreographies change across purchase new clothing, even though the old is still
generations. We still think and act in ways that are in perfectly functionable. Fashion today extends to far
harmony with others around us, but it is through more things than clothes: automobiles, mobile
patterns that are more shaped by ___________, not phones, computers — the list is extended indefinitely,
just nature. limited only by _______________.

① inherent biological predispositions ① government regulations on advertisement

② individual cognitive frameworks ② the availability of raw materials
③ nurture and environmental factors ③ the limits of the creative minds of the marketing
④ complex genetic interactions divisions of companies

⑤ purely instinctual behaviors ④ the actual lifespan of the product itself

⑤ consumers' increasing concerns about environmental
issues
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 125 - 127 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

125. [빈칸추론 / 고1/2025/10 - 40] 126. [빈칸추론 / 고1/2025/10 - 41~42]

다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
Kivetz, Urminsky, and Zheng partnered with a café to Creativity is the ability to generate novel and valuable
test the motivating effect of illusory progress in an ideas. It involves divergent thinking, imagination, and
experiment. Customers received a reward card that a willingness to experiment and take risks. While AI
offered one free coffee after they'd bought ten. While can be a powerful tool for creative efforts, it also
half of the customers received a card with ten open carries the risk of limiting originality and innovation.
slots, the other half got a card with twelve open slots. If artists and designers rely too heavily on Al for
Yet the twelve-slot card had two preexisting "bonus" inspiration and content generation, they may find
stamps, so, strictly speaking, these were identical themselves trapped in a cycle of __________, unable
reward programs. Every customer who got a card to break free from the constraints of the Al's training
needed to make ten coffee purchases (and collect ten data.
stamps) to get their free coffee. But the appeal of the ① imitation ② creation ③ collaboration ④ inspiration
free stamps was high. People who thought they'd ⑤ competition
gotten a head start came back to the café more often,
filling in their reward card more quickly than the 127. [문단삽입 / 고1/2025/10 - 18]
others. When the card came with two out of twelve ①~⑤ 중에서 문장이 들어가기에 적절한 곳을 고르시오.
slots already filled, it felt to customers like they were
already 16 percent finished with the goal before Since you traveled with us last summer, I would
they'd even started. Believing they were closer to the like to kindly ask if you would be willing to share a
reward, they were ______________ to reach the few words about your experience.
finish line.
Dear Mr. Kelly,
① more motivated My name is Mark Smith, and I am the manager of
② less interested Lomos Tours. I express our sincere appreciation for
③ passively forced your continued trust and loyalty. Next year, as part of
④ financially strained a new promotional campaign, Lomos Tours will be
⑤ aesthetically driven airing an advertisement. ( ① ) We plan to include the
experiences of some of our most valued clients. (②)
Your feedback would be invaluable in helping us
promote our services. (③) A member of our team will
be in touch with you shortly. ( ④ ) Thank you in
advance for your contributions. (⑤)
Warm regards,
Mark Smith
① ② ③ ④ ⑤
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 128 - 129 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

128. [문단삽입 / 고1/2025/10 - 19] 129. [문단삽입 / 고1/2025/10 - 20]

①~⑤ 중에서 문장이 들어가기에 적절한 곳을 고르시오. ①~⑤ 중에서 문장이 들어가기에 적절한 곳을 고르시오.
I turned around — and there it was. This shows that you're thinking of them and are
invested in maintaining the relationship.
After finishing my shopping, I walked out of the
grocery store and headed to the spot where I'd parked One of the most important aspects of sustaining long-
my car. But it wasn't there. (①) I wasn't the kind of term relationships is communication. It's easy to
person to forget where I'd parked. I knew I was in the connect with someone and then let the relationship
right place — so where was my car? ( ② ) I looked get stuck due to a lack of follow-up. To keep the
around, but nothing made sense. Not knowing what to connection alive, make a conscious effort to stay in
do, I called my husband at home and said, “My car is touch. (①) This doesn't mean constantly reaching out
missing! I can't find my car.” ( ③ ) I heard him with requests or updates but rather maintaining a
laughing on the other end of the line. “Your car is friendly and consistent line of communication. A
here outside the house! You took mine today, simple message to check in or share something of
remember?” (④) I couldn't help but laugh at myself. value can go a long way in reinforcing your
With a sigh of relief, I walked over to the car. ( ⑤ ) relationship. (②) For example, if you come across an
Everything was fine after all. article or resource that you think might interest a

① ② ③ ④ ⑤ connection, share it with them, even if you haven't

spoken in a while. (③) (④) (⑤)
① ② ③ ④ ⑤
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 130 - 131 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

130. [문단삽입 / 고1/2025/10 - 21] 131. [문단삽입 / 고1/2025/10 - 22]

①~⑤ 중에서 문장이 들어가기에 적절한 곳을 고르시오. ①~⑤ 중에서 문장이 들어가기에 적절한 곳을 고르시오.
This results in the exclusion or displacement of But that's not the case for the oceans.
the poor neighbourhood's residents, who were
intended to benefit from the ecosystem services An increasing awareness of our effect on the ocean is
provided by the new green space. slowly seeping into the public agenda, dragging
behind it a conversation that is decades overdue. But
Currently, urban regeneration projects in degraded this conversation faces a massive obstacle. It's almost
areas have been promoted as improving the wellbeing impossible to discuss what to do about something
of residents and solving environmental injustice changing if you don't initially know how it works.
problems. However, such environmental ( ① ) If a doctor tells a patient that they have a
improvements in ethnic communities and/or low- problem with their kidneys, the patient probably
income households can create an urban green space already has at least a vague idea about where their
paradox. The creation of new, high-quality green kidneys are and what they're up to. (②) They learned
spaces can increase attractiveness, making these about that part of their own personal life-support
neighbourhood more desirable. ( ① ) By contrast, the system at school. ( ③ ) When we see a news story
cost of housing can rise, and residents may not be about the long-term decline in the numbers of krill in
able to afford the rent. (②) In turn, the residents may the Southern Ocean, it sounds generally like a bad
only be able to afford to live in a similar degraded thing. (④) But there's far more to it than the risk of
neighbourhood to the one they left, with low access to whales going hungry. (⑤) Krill are a part of the ocean
green infrastructure. (③) (④) (⑤) engine. We need to understand at least some of the
① ② ③ ④ ⑤ context before we can discuss the change and take
appropriate action.
① ② ③ ④ ⑤
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 132 - 133 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

132. [문단삽입 / 고1/2025/10 - 23] 133. [문단삽입 / 고1/2025/10 - 24]

①~⑤ 중에서 문장이 들어가기에 적절한 곳을 고르시오. ①~⑤ 중에서 문장이 들어가기에 적절한 곳을 고르시오.
As the empire expanded across three continents, The universe was not designed for us to evolve,
Rome eagerly adopted new cultural influences we have no privileged position in the universe;
and absorbed incoming groups — perhaps a little however, the laws and constants of physics
too eagerly for some, who, like the poet Juvenal, allowed advanced life to evolve.
complained about the rapid rate of cultural
change. The laws and constants of physics and the
fundamental forces in our universe have very precise
Rome was said to have been a melting pot from the forms and values. This means that, if they were only
very start. The historian Livy claimed the city's very slightly different, life would not have been
original population was comprised of immigrants possible. For instance, the precise value of gravity has
flooding in from all directions, attracted by Romulus's enabled our universe to arise by permitting the
deliberate policy of nondiscrimination. It was this aggregation of dust and gas particles to proto-stars
initial openness, Livy asserts, that laid the around which planets later came to orbit, including
foundations for the later strength and success of the the Earth around the Sun. ① If the value of the
city. (①) Romans described their city as multicultural electron had been ever so slightly larger or smaller,
in the generations after its foundation. Tradition held chemistry, as we know it, would not have been
that only a minority of the city's legendary kings were possible and life, which is based on organic
Roman-born, with the others all arriving as chemistry, could not have started. ② ③ ④ ⑤
immigrants before being chosen for the throne for
① ② ③ ④ ⑤
their virtues and merits. (②) (③) (④) (⑤)
① ② ③ ④ ⑤
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 134 - 135 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

134. [문단삽입 / 고1/2025/10 - 26] 135. [문단삽입 / 고1/2025/10 - 29]

①~⑤ 중에서 문장이 들어가기에 적절한 곳을 고르시오. ①~⑤ 중에서 문장이 들어가기에 적절한 곳을 고르시오.
Dalip developed an interest in politics and he Witnessing how poorly traditional societies are
often spoke out on Indian and political topics. faring as they undergo a nutrition transition
should make those who have already completed
Dalip Singh Saund was an Indian-born American it question whether their diets have moved too
politician. After graduating from the University of far.
Punjab in India, he moved to the U.S. to attend
graduate school. He earned his doctoral degree at the Human beings have evolved to make the most of the
University of California in 1924 but could not get a resources available to them in ways that are subtle
job because of his nationality. The next year, he began and complicated. When we change our diets,
farming in Imperial Valley, but he was not able to buy especially when we do so quickly, we are effectively
land without U.S. citizenship. ( ① ) He went to conducting huge experiments in nutrition. We ought
Washington, D.C. and promoted a bill that would to have more humility. Nutritional science is still
allow Indians to become U.S. citizens. ( ② ) The bill young and there is so much we do not know. ① If we
was passed in 1946, and three years later Dalip have eaten certain foods in certain ways for millennia,
received U.S. citizenship. ( ③ ) He later became the we should assume until it is proven otherwise that
first Asian to be elected to the U.S. Congress. ( ④ ) there is probably a good reason why. ② Traditional
(⑤) foods that don't fit neatly on the contemporary dietary
food plate should generally be chosen over highly
① ② ③ ④ ⑤
processed ones that do. We should assume that
traditionally made fatty blood sausages are preferable
to lean, factory-made salamis; that spoonfuls of honey
are superior to sprinkles of sweeteners. ③

① ② ③ ④ ⑤
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 136 - 137 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

136. [문단삽입 / 고1/2025/10 - 30] 137. [문단삽입 / 고1/2025/10 - 31]

①~⑤ 중에서 문장이 들어가기에 적절한 곳을 고르시오. ①~⑤ 중에서 문장이 들어가기에 적절한 곳을 고르시오.
Moreover, ethical banking practices are more Popeye, who gained superhuman strength from
important than ever. the leafy greens and defended himself with iron
fists, contributed to its endurance and even
While convenience and technology are crucial, they today, some nearly 150 years later, parents the
are not the only factors driving Gen Z's financial world over use this tale to try to persuade their
decisions. This generation is incredibly values-driven, children into eating the healthy vegetable.
and they want to bank with institutions that match
Myths aren't only stories. For example, a well-known
their personal beliefs and values. Transparency is
vital. Gen Z is skeptical of large corporations and myth that persists today is the supposed high iron
content in spinach. This is a legend that dates back to
institutions that lack accountability. ( ① ) They have
grown up in a world where information is freely 1890 and originates from a simple miscalculation by

available, and they expect complete transparency physiologist Gustav von Bunge. ( ① ) He accurately

from the brands they support. Banks, for example, determined that 100 grams of spinach contained 35

must clearly communicate fees, terms, and conditions, milligrams of iron but he was analyzing dried

as well as how they handle customers' data. (②) Gen spinach, which held ten times more iron than the

Z cares about the environment, social justice, and the same amount of fresh leafy greens. (②) Although the

ethical implications of their financial decisions. ( ③ ) error was swiftly corrected, the correction was just as

They are interested in sustainable investing, swiftly forgotten. (③) The myth had taken hold. (④)

supporting businesses that match their values, and (⑤)

ensuring that their money is not being used to fund ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

harmful practices. ( ④ ) Banks that offer socially
responsible investment opportunities and are
committed to environmental sustainability will attract
Gen Z's attention. (⑤)
① ② ③ ④ ⑤
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 138 - 139 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

138. [문단삽입 / 고1/2025/10 - 32] 139. [문단삽입 / 고1/2025/10 - 33]

①~⑤ 중에서 문장이 들어가기에 적절한 곳을 고르시오. ①~⑤ 중에서 문장이 들어가기에 적절한 곳을 고르시오.
It is a common observation that when testing the In this way there's simply no pulling emotion and
accuracy of animals' number sense, the size of cognition apart.
the numbers matters.
Despite the cultural trope depicting emotions as the
The technical term often used to describe animals' opposite of rational thought, cognition—what we
judgement of numbers is the approximate number commonly refer to as thinking—is actually a key
system. What it does not provide is precision. It building block of emotion. How we think about our
shows and this is the same in every species tested a circumstances shapes the emotions we experience;
characteristic pattern of errors, with discrimination then those emotions echo back to influence how we
becoming less accurate as the quantities get bigger. ① think. ( ① ) For instance, if you walk into a test
Rhesus monkeys can tell one from two, two from thinking you are bad at taking tests, your anxiety will
three, three from four, four from five but start to fail be increased. ( ② ) Then you don't feel good about
from five upwards. ② Rats that learned to press a your performance on the test, and that becomes
lever a given number of times, from four up to evidence for continuing to think that you're bad at test
twenty-four, became markedly less and less precise in taking. (③)
their responses as the number increased: by the top This bi-directionality of cognition and emotion allows
end of the range they would merely produce a spread us to adjust difficult emotions by changing the way
of numbers around the target. ③ we think. (④) By thinking differently—I get nervous
④ But that's not the case for the oceans. ⑤ sometimes, but I'm still a good test taker, or that
① ② ③ ④ ⑤ nervous feeling is just excitement and anticipation, it
means I'm ready—you can work those pathways to
your advantage. (⑤)
① ② ③ ④ ⑤
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 140 - 141 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

140. [문단삽입 / 고1/2025/10 - 34] 141. [문단삽입 / 고1/2025/10 - 35]

①~⑤ 중에서 문장이 들어가기에 적절한 곳을 고르시오. ①~⑤ 중에서 문장이 들어가기에 적절한 곳을 고르시오.
And it argues that the human form of life is simply As a result, event details shared on social media
irrelevant when we think about what each type of are likely stabilized and remembered over time,
animal needs and deserves. whereas those not shared may become
inaccessible or forgotten.
What is the Capabilities Approach (CA), and why
would lawyers passionate about animal justice care Social media serves as an important context to
about it? It is easy to say what it is not. The CA does facilitate autobiographical remembering. Personal
not rank animals by likeness to humans or seek events posted on social media platforms are better
special privileges for those considered most "like us," remembered and less forgotten than those not posted,
as do some other popular theoretical approaches. (①) independent of the characteristics of the events. (①)
The CA has concern for the finch and the pig as much This may be because sharing memories online allows
as the whale and the elephant. (②) What is relevant is individuals to rehearse and make sense of what
their own forms of life. (③) Just as humans seek to be happened, thus facilitating long-term memory
able to enjoy the characteristic goods of a human life, retention. (②) Online feedback such as comments and
so a finch seeks a finch's life and the whale a whale's likes as well as technological features such as
life. ( ④ ) We should extend ourselves and learn, not algorithms and periodic reminders can further serve
lazily picture animals as lesser humans, seeking a life as memory cues for the posted event details. (③) (④)
sort of like our own. (⑤) According to the CA, each ① ② ③ ④ ⑤
sentient creature should have the opportunity to
flourish in the form of life characteristic for that
creature.

① ② ③ ④ ⑤
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 142 - 143 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

142. [문단삽입 / 고1/2025/10 - 36] 143. [문단삽입 / 고1/2025/10 - 37]

①~⑤ 중에서 문장이 들어가기에 적절한 곳을 고르시오. ①~⑤ 중에서 문장이 들어가기에 적절한 곳을 고르시오.
At first, it may seem like an ordinary experience, The same applies to the logical connection
but it is actually a fusion of the senses. between 'Yes' and 'No' as perceived by parents.
Multisensory experiences are a central part of our As children, the principle of opposites is foreign.
everyday lives, yet we often take them for granted, Children perceive words and their meanings
especially when our senses function normally or are separately from each other. It is only in later
corrected to normal with aids like glasses. However, development that we understood that individual
closer inspection to any, even the most ordinary words directly connect to one another. (①) For many
experiences, reveals the remarkable multisensory children, for instance, it is not clear that 'Right' is the
world in which we live. (①) Consider the experience opposite of 'Left'. A vivid example of this can be seen
of eating a regular meal. We first eat with our eyes, when children learn to ride a bicycle. If parents tell
but we are also exposed to countless sensory signals their child "Don't go to the left," they will often find
that influence our eating experience such as food that the child will continue riding straight ahead and
textures, tastes, and smells. (②) And it does not stop not automatically turn to the right. ( ② ) When we
there. Even the sounds that come both from the were children and were told, for example, "No, don't
atmospheres in which we eat and our interactions eat with your hands," we were confused and didn't
with the food (such as chewing) and the tools we use know what our parents expected from us. ( ③ ) Our
to eat influence our eating experience. (③) (④) (⑤) confusion was about whether we should continue
① ② ③ ④ ⑤ eating or not and if so, how? (④) Only later did we
recognize the connection and understand that we
should continue eating, but not with our hands but
with a fork or a spoon. (⑤)
① ② ③ ④ ⑤
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 144 - 145 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

144. [문단삽입 / 고1/2025/10 - 38] 145. [문단삽입 / 고1/2025/10 - 39]

①~⑤ 중에서 문장이 들어가기에 적절한 곳을 고르시오. ①~⑤ 중에서 문장이 들어가기에 적절한 곳을 고르시오.
These patterns recur predictably because they But with more permanent things, companies
are tightly programmed genetically and propelled must invent reasons for their customers to
pheromonally. continue to consume them.
Humans are not the most social animal. Ants, bees, Those who purchase the goods of a company are
and termites put humanity to shame on many metrics called customers. Individuals who purchase goods for
of sociality. A wide variety of relatives live together personal use are called consumers: beings who
with perfectly harmonious behavior and collectively consume. Therefore, companies have invented
care for their young. ( ① ) But while insect colonies multiple ways to ensure that their customers consume
are impressively social places, it's not our kind of the produced items in larger and larger quantities and
social life. Bees always build hexagonal hives, ants more and more frequently. Those who sell food have
march in lines, and termites move in zigzag an easy time, for food is literally consumed, so there
formations. ( ② ) We humans are more free, less is always a need to purchase new food. ( ① ) One
tightly programmed genetically, so our social patterns approach is to make the stuff that people already have
can be more diverse and dynamic. (③) Every group outdated by convincing them that it is no longer
dances a slightly different dance, and these fashionable. ( ② ) The entire fashion industry is built
choreographies change across generations. ( ④ ) We to convince people that fashion matters, so they must
still think and act in ways that are in harmony with purchase new clothing, even though the old is still
others around us, but it is through patterns that are perfectly functionable. (③) Fashion today extends to
more shaped by nurture, not just nature. (⑤) far more things than clothes: automobiles, mobile
① ② ③ ④ ⑤ phones, computers — the list is extended indefinitely,
limited only by the limits of the creative minds of the
marketing divisions of companies. (④) But that's not
the case for the oceans. (⑤)
① ② ③ ④ ⑤
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 146 - 147 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

146. [문단삽입 / 고1/2025/10 - 40] 147. [문단삽입 / 고1/2025/10 - 41~42]

①~⑤ 중에서 문장이 들어가기에 적절한 곳을 고르시오. ①~⑤ 중에서 문장이 들어가기에 적절한 곳을 고르시오.
Every customer who got a card needed to make Moreover, the ease with which AI can generate
ten coffee purchases (and collect ten stamps) to content can discourage the kind of struggle and
get their free coffee. experimentation that often leads to
breakthroughs.
Kivetz, Urminsky, and Zheng partnered with a café to
test the motivating effect of illusory progress in an Creativity is the ability to generate novel and valuable
experiment. Customers received a reward card that ideas. It involves divergent thinking, imagination, and
offered one free coffee after they'd bought ten. While a willingness to experiment and take risks. While AI
half of the customers received a card with ten open can be a powerful tool for creative efforts, it also
slots, the other half got a card with twelve open slots. carries the risk of limiting originality and innovation.
Yet the twelve-slot card had two preexisting "bonus" AI algorithms are trained on existing datasets, often
stamps, so, strictly speaking, these were identical identifying patterns and trends in past creations.
reward programs. ( ① ) But the appeal of the free While this can be useful for generating new content in
stamps was high. ( ② ) People who thought they'd similar styles or formats, it can also lead to derivative
gotten a head start came back to the café more often, works that lack genuine originality. (①) If artists and
filling in their reward card more quickly than the designers rely too heavily on Al for inspiration and
others. ( ③ ) When the card came with two out of content generation, they may find themselves trapped
twelve slots already filled, it felt to customers like in a cycle of imitation, unable to break free from the
they were already 16 percent finished with the goal constraints of the Al's training data. ( ② ) ( ③ ) The
before they'd even started. ( ④ ) Believing they were creative process is often messy and repetitive,
closer to the reward, they were more motivated to involving numerous failures and setbacks. ( ④ ) It is
reach the finish line. (⑤) through these challenges that we refine our skills,

① ② ③ ④ ⑤ develop our unique perspectives, and push the

boundaries of what is possible. If Al provides instant
solutions, it can inhibit this essential process of
learning through trial and error, ultimately inhibiting
the development of true creative talent. (⑤)
① ② ③ ④ ⑤
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 148 - 149 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

148. [문단배열 / 고1/2025/10 - 18] 149. [문단배열 / 고1/2025/10 - 19]

주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오
Dear Mr. Kelly, After finishing my shopping, I walked out of the
My name is Mark Smith, and I am the manager of grocery store and headed to the spot where I'd parked
Lomos Tours. I express our sincere appreciation for my car. But it wasn't there.
your continued trust and loyalty.

(A) I looked around, but nothing made sense. Not

(A) Since you traveled with us last summer, I would knowing what to do, I called my husband at home and
like to kindly ask if you would be willing to share a said, “My car is missing! I can't find my car.” I heard
few words about your experience. him laughing on the other end of the line.

(B) A member of our team will be in touch with you (B) I couldn't help but laugh at myself. With a sigh of
shortly. Thank you in advance for your contributions. relief, I walked over to the car. Everything was fine
after all.
(C) Next year, as part of a new promotional
campaign, Lomos Tours will be airing an (C) I wasn't the kind of person to forget where I'd
advertisement. We plan to include the experiences of parked. I knew I was in the right place — so where
some of our most valued clients. Your feedback was my car? “Your car is here outside the house! You
would be invaluable in helping us promote our took mine today, remember?” I turned around — and
services. there it was.

① (A) - (C) - (B) ① (A) - (C) - (B)

② (B) - (A) - (C) ② (B) - (A) - (C)
③ (B) - (C) - (A) ③ (A) - (B) - (C)
④ (C) - (A) - (B) ④ (C) - (A) - (B)
⑤ (C) - (B) - (A) ⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)
① (A) - (C) - (B) ② (B) - (A) - (C) ③ (B) - (C) - (A) ① (A) - (C) - (B) ② (B) - (A) - (C) ③ (A) - (B) - (C)
④ (C) - (A) - (B) ⑤ (C) - (B) - (A) ④ (C) - (A) - (B) ⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 150 - 151 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

150. [문단배열 / 고1/2025/10 - 20] 151. [문단배열 / 고1/2025/10 - 21]

주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오
One of the most important aspects of sustaining long- Currently, urban regeneration projects in degraded areas
term relationships is communication. have been promoted as improving the wellbeing of
residents and solving environmental injustice problems.

(A) A simple message to check in or share something

of value can go a long way in reinforcing your (A) By contrast, the cost of housing can rise, and
relationship. residents may not be able to afford the rent. This
results in the exclusion or displacement of the poor
(B) It's easy to connect with someone and then let the neighbourhood's residents, who were intended to
relationship get stuck due to a lack of follow-up. To benefit from the ecosystem services provided by the
keep the connection alive, make a conscious effort to new green space.
stay in touch. This doesn't mean constantly reaching
out with requests or updates but rather maintaining a (B) The creation of new, high-quality green spaces
friendly and consistent line of communication. can increase attractiveness, making these
neighbourhood more desirable.
(C) For example, if you come across an article or
resource that you think might interest a connection, (C) However, such environmental improvements in
share it with them, even if you haven't spoken in a ethnic communities and/or low-income households
while. This shows that you're thinking of them and can create an urban green space paradox. In turn, the
are invested in maintaining the relationship. residents may only be able to afford to live in a
similar degraded neighbourhood to the one they left,
① (A) - (C) - (B) with low access to green infrastructure.
② (B) - (A) - (C)
③ (A) - (B) - (C) ① (A) - (C) - (B)
④ (C) - (A) - (B) ② (B) - (A) - (C)
⑤ (B) - (A) - (C) ③ (B) - (C) - (A)

① (A) - (C) - (B) ② (B) - (A) - (C) ③ (A) - (B) - (C) ④ (C) - (B) - (A)
④ (C) - (A) - (B) ⑤ (B) - (A) - (C) ⑤ (C) - (A) - (B)
① (A) - (C) - (B) ② (B) - (A) - (C) ③ (B) - (C) - (A)
④ (C) - (B) - (A) ⑤ (C) - (A) - (B)
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 152 - 153 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

152. [문단배열 / 고1/2025/10 - 22] 153. [문단배열 / 고1/2025/10 - 23]

주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오
An increasing awareness of our effect on the ocean is Rome was said to have been a melting pot from the
slowly seeping into the public agenda, dragging behind very start.
it a conversation that is decades overdue. But this
conversation faces a massive obstacle.
(A) Tradition held that only a minority of the city's
legendary kings were Roman-born, with the others all
(A) When we see a news story about the long-term arriving as immigrants before being chosen for the
decline in the numbers of krill in the Southern Ocean, throne for their virtues and merits.
it sounds generally like a bad thing. But there's far
more to it than the risk of whales going hungry. Krill (B) As the empire expanded across three continents,
are a part of the ocean engine. We need to understand Rome eagerly adopted new cultural influences and
at least some of the context before we can discuss the absorbed incoming groups — perhaps a little too
change and take appropriate action. eagerly for some, who, like the poet Juvenal,
complained about the rapid rate of cultural change.
(B) If a doctor tells a patient that they have a problem
with their kidneys, the patient probably already has at (C) The historian Livy claimed the city's original
least a vague idea about where their kidneys are and population was comprised of immigrants flooding in
what they're up to. They learned about that part of from all directions, attracted by Romulus's deliberate
their own personal life-support system at school. But policy of nondiscrimination. It was this initial
that's not the case for the oceans. openness, Livy asserts, that laid the foundations for
the later strength and success of the city. Romans
(C) It's almost impossible to discuss what to do about described their city as multicultural in the generations
something changing if you don't initially know how it after its foundation.
works.
① (A) - (C) - (B) ② (B) - (A) - (C) ③ (C) - (A) - (B)
④ (A) - (B) - (C) ⑤ (B) - (C) - (A)
① (A) - (C) - (B)
② (B) - (A) - (C)
③ (B) - (C) - (A)
④ (C) - (B) - (A)
⑤ (A) - (B) - (C)
① (A) - (C) - (B) ② (B) - (A) - (C) ③ (B) - (C) - (A)
④ (C) - (B) - (A) ⑤ (A) - (B) - (C)
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 154 - 155 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

154. [문단배열 / 고1/2025/10 - 24] 155. [문단배열 / 고1/2025/10 - 26]

주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오
The laws and constants of physics and the fundamental Dalip Singh Saund was an Indian-born American
forces in our universe have very precise forms and politician. After graduating from the University of
values. Punjab in India, he moved to the U.S. to attend graduate
school.

(A) The universe was not designed for us to evolve,

we have no privileged position in the universe; (A) He went to Washington, D.C. and promoted a bill
however, the laws and constants of physics allowed that would allow Indians to become U.S. citizens. The
advanced life to evolve. bill was passed in 1946, and three years later Dalip
received U.S. citizenship.
(B) For instance, the precise value of gravity has
enabled our universe to arise by permitting the (B) The next year, he began farming in Imperial
aggregation of dust and gas particles to proto-stars Valley, but he was not able to buy land without U.S.
around which planets later came to orbit, including citizenship. Dalip developed an interest in politics and
the Earth around the Sun. he often spoke out on Indian and political topics.

(C) This means that, if they were only very slightly (C) He earned his doctoral degree at the University of
different, life would not have been possible. If the California in 1924 but could not get a job because of
value of the electron had been ever so slightly larger his nationality. He later became the first Asian to be
or smaller, chemistry, as we know it, would not have elected to the U.S. Congress.
been possible and life, which is based on organic
chemistry, could not have started. ① (A) - (C) - (B)

① (C) - (B) - (A) ② (A) - (B) - (C) ③ (B) - (A) - (C) ② (B) - (A) - (C)
④ (B) - (C) - (A) ⑤ (A) - (C) - (B) ③ (B) - (C) - (A)
④ (C) - (B) - (A)
⑤ (A) - (B) - (C)
① (A) - (C) - (B) ② (B) - (A) - (C) ③ (B) - (C) - (A)
④ (C) - (B) - (A) ⑤ (A) - (B) - (C)
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 156 - 157 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

156. [문단배열 / 고1/2025/10 - 29] 157. [문단배열 / 고1/2025/10 - 30]

주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오
Human beings have evolved to make the most of the While convenience and technology are crucial, they are
resources available to them in ways that are subtle and not the only factors driving Gen Z's financial decisions.
complicated.

(A) Transparency is vital. Gen Z is skeptical of large

(A) Traditional foods that don't fit neatly on the corporations and institutions that lack accountability.
contemporary dietary food plate should generally be They have grown up in a world where information is
chosen over highly processed ones that do. We should freely available, and they expect complete
assume that traditionally made fatty blood sausages transparency from the brands they support.
are preferable to lean, factory-made salamis; that
spoonfuls of honey are superior to sprinkles of (B) Moreover, ethical banking practices are more
sweeteners. important than ever. Gen Z cares about the
environment, social justice, and the ethical
(B) When we change our diets, especially when we implications of their financial decisions. They are
do so quickly, we are effectively conducting huge interested in sustainable investing, supporting
experiments in nutrition. We ought to have more businesses that match their values, and ensuring that
humility. Nutritional science is still young and there is their money is not being used to fund harmful
so much we do not know. If we have eaten certain practices.
foods in certain ways for millennia, we should
assume until it is proven otherwise that there is (C) This generation is incredibly values-driven, and
probably a good reason why. they want to bank with institutions that match their
personal beliefs and values. Banks, for example, must
(C) Witnessing how poorly traditional societies are clearly communicate fees, terms, and conditions, as
faring as they undergo a nutrition transition should well as how they handle customers' data. Banks that
make those who have already completed it question offer socially responsible investment opportunities
whether their diets have moved too far. and are committed to environmental sustainability
① (A) - (C) - (B) ② (B) - (A) - (C) ③ (B) - (C) - (A) will attract Gen Z's attention.
④ (C) - (A) - (B) ⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)
① (A) - (B) - (C)
② (A) - (C) - (B)
③ (B) - (A) - (C)
④ (C) - (A) - (B)
⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)

① (A) - (B) - (C) ② (A) - (C) - (B) ③ (B) - (A) - (C)

④ (C) - (A) - (B) ⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 158 - 159 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

158. [문단배열 / 고1/2025/10 - 31] 159. [문단배열 / 고1/2025/10 - 32]

주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오
Myths aren't only stories. For example, a well-known The technical term often used to describe animals'
myth that persists today is the supposed high iron judgement of numbers is the approximate number
content in spinach. system.

(A) Although the error was swiftly corrected, the (A) It shows and this is the same in every species
correction was just as swiftly forgotten. The myth had tested a characteristic pattern of errors, with
taken hold. Popeye, who gained superhuman strength discrimination becoming less accurate as the
from the leafy greens and defended himself with iron quantities get bigger.
fists, contributed to its endurance and even today,
some nearly 150 years later, parents the world over (B) What it does not provide is precision.
use this tale to try to persuade their children into
eating the healthy vegetable. (C) It is a common observation that when testing the
accuracy of animals' number sense, the size of the
(B) This is a legend that dates back to 1890 and numbers matters. Rhesus monkeys can tell one from
originates from a simple miscalculation by two, two from three, three from four, four from five
physiologist Gustav von Bunge. but start to fail from five upwards. Rats that learned to
press a lever a given number of times, from four up to
(C) He accurately determined that 100 grams of twenty-four, became markedly less and less precise in
spinach contained 35 milligrams of iron but he was their responses as the number increased: by the top
analyzing dried spinach, which held ten times more end of the range they would merely produce a spread
iron than the same amount of fresh leafy greens. of numbers around the target.

① (A) - (C) - (B) ① (B) - (A) - (C)

② (B) - (C) - (A) ② (A) - (C) - (B)
③ (B) - (A) - (C) ③ (A) - (B) - (C)
④ (C) - (A) - (B) ④ (C) - (B) - (A)
⑤ (C) - (B) - (A) ⑤ (C) - (A) - (B)
① (A) - (C) - (B) ② (B) - (C) - (A) ③ (B) - (A) - (C) ① (B) - (A) - (C) ② (A) - (C) - (B) ③ (A) - (B) - (C)
④ (C) - (A) - (B) ⑤ (C) - (B) - (A) ④ (C) - (B) - (A) ⑤ (C) - (A) - (B)
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 160 - 161 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

160. [문단배열 / 고1/2025/10 - 33] 161. [문단배열 / 고1/2025/10 - 34]

주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오
Despite the cultural trope depicting emotions as the What is the Capabilities Approach (CA), and why
opposite of rational thought, cognition—what we would lawyers passionate about animal justice care
commonly refer to as thinking—is actually a key about it? It is easy to say what it is not.
building block of emotion.

(A) We should extend ourselves and learn, not lazily

(A) For instance, if you walk into a test thinking you picture animals as lesser humans, seeking a life sort
are bad at taking tests, your anxiety will be increased. of like our own. According to the CA, each sentient
Then you don't feel good about your performance on creature should have the opportunity to flourish in the
the test, and that becomes evidence for continuing to form of life characteristic for that creature.
think that you're bad at test taking.
(B) The CA has concern for the finch and the pig as
(B) This bi-directionality of cognition and emotion much as the whale and the elephant. And it argues
allows us to adjust difficult emotions by changing the that the human form of life is simply irrelevant when
way we think. By thinking differently—I get nervous we think about what each type of animal needs and
sometimes, but I'm still a good test taker, or that deserves. What is relevant is their own forms of life.
nervous feeling is just excitement and anticipation, it
means I'm ready—you can work those pathways to (C) The CA does not rank animals by likeness to
your advantage. humans or seek special privileges for those
considered most "like us," as do some other popular
(C) How we think about our circumstances shapes the theoretical approaches. Just as humans seek to be able
emotions we experience; then those emotions echo to enjoy the characteristic goods of a human life, so a
back to influence how we think. In this way there's finch seeks a finch's life and the whale a whale's life.
simply no pulling emotion and cognition apart.
① (A) - (C) - (B) ② (C) - (B) - (A) ③ (B) - (A) - (C)
④ (A) - (B) - (C) ⑤ (C) - (A) - (B)
① (C) - (A) - (B)
② (A) - (B) - (C)
③ (A) - (C) - (B)
④ (B) - (C) - (A)
⑤ (B) - (A) - (C)
① (C) - (A) - (B) ② (A) - (B) - (C) ③ (A) - (C) - (B)
④ (B) - (C) - (A) ⑤ (B) - (A) - (C)
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 162 - 163 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

162. [문단배열 / 고1/2025/10 - 35] 163. [문단배열 / 고1/2025/10 - 36]

주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오
Social media serves as an important context to facilitate Multisensory experiences are a central part of our
autobiographical remembering. everyday lives, yet we often take them for granted,
especially when our senses function normally or are
corrected to normal with aids like glasses.
(A) Online feedback such as comments and likes as
well as technological features such as algorithms and
periodic reminders can further serve as memory cues (A) Consider the experience of eating a regular meal.
for the posted event details. At first, it may seem like an ordinary experience, but
it is actually a fusion of the senses.
(B) This may be because sharing memories online
allows individuals to rehearse and make sense of what (B) Even the sounds that come both from the
happened, thus facilitating long-term memory atmospheres in which we eat and our interactions
retention. with the food (such as chewing) and the tools we use
to eat influence our eating experience.
(C) Personal events posted on social media platforms
are better remembered and less forgotten than those (C) However, closer inspection to any, even the most
not posted, independent of the characteristics of the ordinary experiences, reveals the remarkable
events. As a result, event details shared on social multisensory world in which we live. We first eat with
media are likely stabilized and remembered over our eyes, but we are also exposed to countless sensory
time, whereas those not shared may become signals that influence our eating experience such as
inaccessible or forgotten. food textures, tastes, and smells. And it does not stop
there.
① (C) - (B) - (A) ① (A) - (B) - (C) ② (A) - (C) - (B) ③ (B) - (A) - (C)
② (A) - (C) - (B) ④ (C) - (A) - (B) ⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)
③ (B) - (C) - (A)
④ (C) - (A) - (B)
⑤ (B) - (A) - (C)
① (C) - (B) - (A) ② (A) - (C) - (B) ③ (B) - (C) - (A)
④ (C) - (A) - (B) ⑤ (B) - (A) - (C)
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 164 - 165 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

164. [문단배열 / 고1/2025/10 - 37] 165. [문단배열 / 고1/2025/10 - 38]

주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오
As children, the principle of opposites is foreign. Humans are not the most social animal. Ants, bees, and
Children perceive words and their meanings separately termites put humanity to shame on many metrics of
from each other. It is only in later development that we sociality.
understood that individual words directly connect to
one another.
(A) We humans are more free, less tightly
programmed genetically, so our social patterns can be
(A) The same applies to the logical connection more diverse and dynamic. Every group dances a
between 'Yes' and 'No' as perceived by parents. When slightly different dance, and these choreographies
we were children and were told, for example, "No, change across generations.
don't eat with your hands," we were confused and
didn't know what our parents expected from us. (B) These patterns recur predictably because they are
tightly programmed genetically and propelled
(B) For many children, for instance, it is not clear that pheromonally.
'Right' is the opposite of 'Left'. A vivid example of
this can be seen when children learn to ride a bicycle. (C) A wide variety of relatives live together with
If parents tell their child "Don't go to the left," they perfectly harmonious behavior and collectively care
will often find that the child will continue riding for their young. But while insect colonies are
straight ahead and not automatically turn to the right. impressively social places, it's not our kind of social
life. Bees always build hexagonal hives, ants march in
(C) Our confusion was about whether we should lines, and termites move in zigzag formations.
continue eating or not and if so, how? Only later did
① (A) - (C) - (B) ② (B) - (A) - (C) ③ (C) - (B) - (A)
we recognize the connection and understand that we ④ (C) - (A) - (B) ⑤ (A) - (B) - (C)
should continue eating, but not with our hands but
with a fork or a spoon.
① (A) - (B) - (C) ② (A) - (C) - (B) ③ (B) - (A) - (C)
④ (B) - (C) - (A) ⑤ (C) - (A) - (B)
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 166 - 167 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

166. [문단배열 / 고1/2025/10 - 39] 167. [문단배열 / 고1/2025/10 - 40]

주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오
Those who purchase the goods of a company are called Kivetz, Urminsky, and Zheng partnered with a café to
customers. Individuals who purchase goods for personal test the motivating effect of illusory progress in an
use are called consumers: beings who consume. experiment.

(A) But with more permanent things, companies must (A) But the appeal of the free stamps was high.
invent reasons for their customers to continue to People who thought they'd gotten a head start came
consume them. One approach is to make the stuff that back to the café more often, filling in their reward
people already have outdated by convincing them that card more quickly than the others.
it is no longer fashionable.
(B) While half of the customers received a card with
(B) Fashion today extends to far more things than ten open slots, the other half got a card with twelve
clothes: automobiles, mobile phones, computers — open slots. Yet the twelve-slot card had two
the list is extended indefinitely, limited only by the preexisting "bonus" stamps, so, strictly speaking,
limits of the creative minds of the marketing divisions these were identical reward programs.
of companies.
(C) Customers received a reward card that offered
(C) Therefore, companies have invented multiple one free coffee after they'd bought ten. Every
ways to ensure that their customers consume the customer who got a card needed to make ten coffee
produced items in larger and larger quantities and purchases (and collect ten stamps) to get their free
more and more frequently. Those who sell food have coffee. When the card came with two out of twelve
an easy time, for food is literally consumed, so there slots already filled, it felt to customers like they were
is always a need to purchase new food. already 16 percent finished with the goal before

① (A) - (B) - (C) ② (A) - (C) - (B) ③ (B) - (A) - (C) they'd even started. Believing they were closer to the
④ (C) - (A) - (B) ⑤ (C) - (B) - (A) reward, they were more motivated to reach the finish
line.
① (C) - (B) - (A) ② (A) - (C) - (B) ③ (B) - (A) - (C)
④ (B) - (C) - (A) ⑤ (C) - (A) - (B)
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 168 - 169 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

168. [문단배열 / 고1/2025/10 - 41~42] 169. [연결어 / 고1/2025/10 - 18]

주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오 글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
Dear Mr. Kelly,
Creativity is the ability to generate novel and valuable
My name is Mark Smith, and I am the manager of
ideas. It involves divergent thinking, imagination, and a
willingness to experiment and take risks. Lomos Tours. I express our sincere appreciation for
your continued trust and loyalty. Next year, as part of
a new promotional campaign, Lomos Tours will be
(A) If artists and designers rely too heavily on Al for airing an advertisement. We plan to include the
inspiration and content generation, they may find experiences of some of our most valued clients.
themselves trapped in a cycle of imitation, unable to (A)________, since you traveled with us last summer,
break free from the constraints of the Al's training I would like to kindly ask if you would be willing to
data. Moreover, the ease with which AI can generate share a few words about your experience. Your
content can discourage the kind of struggle and feedback would be invaluable in helping us promote
experimentation that often leads to breakthroughs. our services. (B)________, a member of our team
will be in touch with you shortly. Thank you in
(B) While AI can be a powerful tool for creative advance for your contributions.
efforts, it also carries the risk of limiting originality Warm regards,
and innovation. AI algorithms are trained on existing Mark Smith
datasets, often identifying patterns and trends in past
① Therefore …… Moreover
creations. While this can be useful for generating new
② Accordingly …… Furthermore
content in similar styles or formats, it can also lead to
③ For instance …… Thus
derivative works that lack genuine originality.
④ In other words …… Instead

(C) The creative process is often messy and repetitive,

⑤ Besides …… However

involving numerous failures and setbacks. It is

through these challenges that we refine our skills,
develop our unique perspectives, and push the
boundaries of what is possible. If Al provides instant
solutions, it can inhibit this essential process of
learning through trial and error, ultimately inhibiting
the development of true creative talent.
① (A) - (C) - (B) ② (B) - (A) - (C) ③ (B) - (C) - (A)
④ (C) - (A) - (B) ⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 170 - 171 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

170. [연결어 / 고1/2025/10 - 19] 171. [연결어 / 고1/2025/10 - 20]

글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은? 글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
After finishing my shopping, I walked out of the One of the most important aspects of sustaining long-
grocery store and headed to the spot where I'd parked term relationships is communication. It's easy to
my car. But it wasn't there. I wasn't the kind of person connect with someone and then let the relationship
to forget where I'd parked. I knew I was in the right get stuck due to a lack of follow-up. To keep the
place — so where was my car? I looked around, but connection alive, make a conscious effort to stay in
nothing made sense. (A)______, not knowing what to touch. This doesn't mean constantly reaching out with
do, I called my husband at home and said, “My car is requests or updates but rather maintaining a friendly
missing! I can't find my car.” I heard him laughing on and consistent line of communication. A simple
the other end of the line. “Your car is here outside the message to check in or share something of value can
house! You took mine today, remember?” I turned go a long way in reinforcing your relationship.
around — and there it was. I couldn't help but laugh (A)________, if you come across an article or
at myself. (B)______, with a sigh of relief, I walked resource that you think might interest a connection,
over to the car. Everything was fine after all. share it with them, even if you haven't spoken in a

① Therefore …… Instead
while. This shows that you're thinking of them and

② Moreover …… Similarly
are invested in maintaining the relationship.

③ However …… Likewise
(B)________, it shows you value the relationship.

④ For instance …… Nevertheless ① Therefore …… Instead

⑤ Consequently …… Finally ② However …… Similarly

③ For example …… Moreover
④ In contrast …… Nevertheless
⑤ Likewise …… Otherwise
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 172 - 173 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

172. [연결어 / 고1/2025/10 - 21] 173. [연결어 / 고1/2025/10 - 22]

글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은? 글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
Currently, urban regeneration projects in degraded An increasing awareness of our effect on the ocean is
areas have been promoted as improving the wellbeing slowly seeping into the public agenda, dragging
of residents and solving environmental injustice behind it a conversation that is decades overdue. But
problems. (A)________, such environmental this conversation faces a massive obstacle. It's almost
improvements in ethnic communities and/or low- impossible to discuss what to do about something
income households can create an urban green space changing if you don't initially know how it works. If a
paradox. The creation of new, high-quality green doctor tells a patient that they have a problem with
spaces can increase attractiveness, making these their kidneys, the patient probably already has at least
neighbourhoods more desirable. (B)________, the a vague idea about where their kidneys are and what
cost of housing can rise, and residents may not be they're up to. They learned about that part of their
able to afford the rent. This results in the exclusion or own personal life-support system at school. But that's
displacement of the poor neighbourhood's residents, not the case for the oceans. (A)______, when we see
who were intended to benefit from the ecosystem a news story about the long-term decline in the
services provided by the new green space. In turn, the numbers of krill in the Southern Ocean, it sounds
residents may only be able to afford to live in a generally like a bad thing. But there's far more to it
similar degraded neighbourhood to the one they left, than the risk of whales going hungry. Krill are a part
with low access to green infrastructure. of the ocean engine. We need to understand at least

① Therefore …… Similarly
some of the context before we can discuss the change

② However …… By contrast
and take appropriate action. (B)______, we need to

③ For example …… Moreover

understand the context to discuss and act on the

④ In addition …… Therefore
changes.

⑤ Likewise …… Nevertheless ① Similarly …… Conversely

② Meanwhile …… Likewise
③ Nevertheless …… Therefore
④ For example …… Moreover
⑤ For instance …… However
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 174 - 175 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

174. [연결어 / 고1/2025/10 - 23] 175. [연결어 / 고1/2025/10 - 24]

글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은? 글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
Rome was said to have been a melting pot from the The laws and constants of physics and the
very start. The historian Livy claimed the city's fundamental forces in our universe have very precise
original population was comprised of immigrants forms and values. This means that, if they were only
flooding in from all directions, attracted by Romulus's very slightly different, life would not have been
deliberate policy of nondiscrimination. It was this possible. (A)_____, the precise value of gravity has
initial openness, Livy asserts, that laid the enabled our universe to arise by permitting the
foundations for the later strength and success of the aggregation of dust and gas particles to proto-stars
city. Romans described their city as multicultural in around which planets later came to orbit, including
the generations after its foundation. Tradition held the Earth around the Sun. If the value of the electron
that only a minority of the city's legendary kings were had been ever so slightly larger or smaller, chemistry,
Roman-born, with the others all arriving as as we know it, would not have been possible and life,
immigrants before being chosen for the throne for which is based on organic chemistry, could not have
their virtues and merits. (A)______, as the empire started. The universe was not designed for us to
expanded across three continents, Rome eagerly evolve, we have no privileged position in the
adopted new cultural influences and absorbed universe; (B)_____, the laws and constants of physics
incoming groups — perhaps a little too eagerly for allowed advanced life to evolve.
some, who, (B)______, like the poet Juvenal, ① For instance …… however
complained about the rapid rate of cultural change.
② In contrast …… therefore
① Similarly …… therefore ③ Moreover …… similarly
② In contrast …… additionally ④ Therefore …… furthermore
③ Moreover …… consequently ⑤ Likewise …… otherwise
④ Therefore …… similarly
⑤ As …… for example
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 176 - 177 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

176. [연결어 / 고1/2025/10 - 26] 177. [연결어 / 고1/2025/10 - 29]

글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은? 글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
Dalip Singh Saund was an Indian-born American Human beings have evolved to make the most of the
politician. After graduating from the University of resources available to them in ways that are subtle
Punjab in India, he moved to the U.S. to attend and complicated. When we change our diets,
graduate school. He earned his doctoral degree at the especially when we do so quickly, we are effectively
University of California in 1924 but could not get a conducting huge experiments in nutrition. We ought
job because of his nationality. (A)_____, he began to have more humility. Nutritional science is still
farming in Imperial Valley the next year, but he was young and there is so much we do not know. If we
not able to buy land without U.S. citizenship. Dalip have eaten certain foods in certain ways for millennia,
developed an interest in politics and he often spoke we should assume until it is proven otherwise that
out on Indian and political topics. He went to there is probably a good reason why. Traditional
Washington, D.C. and promoted a bill that would foods that don't fit neatly on the contemporary dietary
allow Indians to become U.S. citizens. The bill was food plate should generally be chosen over highly
passed in 1946, and three years later Dalip received processed ones that do. (A)__________, we should
U.S. citizenship. (B)_____, he later became the first assume that traditionally made fatty blood sausages
Asian to be elected to the U.S. Congress. are preferable to lean, factory-made salamis; that

① Therefore …… In other words

spoonfuls of honey are superior to sprinkles of

② For instance …… Similarly

sweeteners. Witnessing how poorly traditional

③ Instead …… Consequently
societies are faring as they undergo a nutrition

④ Moreover …… However
transition should make those who have already
completed it question whether their diets have moved
⑤ Likewise …… Furthermore
too far. (B)__________, it is important to consider the
wisdom embedded in traditional food practices.

① In other words …… Similarly

② Therefore …… For example
③ For example …… Furthermore
④ However …… Consequently
⑤ Likewise …… Instead
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 178 - 179 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

178. [연결어 / 고1/2025/10 - 30] 179. [연결어 / 고1/2025/10 - 31]

글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은? 글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
While convenience and technology are crucial, they Myths aren't only stories. (A), a well-known myth
are not the only factors driving Gen Z's financial that persists today is the supposed high iron content in
decisions. This generation is incredibly values-driven, spinach. This is a legend that dates back to 1890 and
and they want to bank with institutions that match originates from a simple miscalculation by
their personal beliefs and values. Transparency is physiologist Gustav von Bunge. He accurately
vital. Gen Z is skeptical of large corporations and determined that 100 grams of spinach contained 35
institutions that lack accountability. They have grown milligrams of iron but he was analyzing dried
up in a world where information is freely available, spinach, which held ten times more iron than the
and they expect complete transparency from the same amount of fresh leafy greens. Although the error
brands they support. Banks, (A)________, must was swiftly corrected, the correction was just as
clearly communicate fees, terms, and conditions, as swiftly forgotten. The myth had taken hold. Popeye,
well as how they handle customers' data. who gained superhuman strength from the leafy
(B)________, ethical banking practices are more greens and defended himself with iron fists,
important than ever. Gen Z cares about the contributed to its endurance and even today, some
environment, social justice, and the ethical nearly 150 years later, parents the world over use this
implications of their financial decisions. They are tale to try to persuade their children into eating the
interested in sustainable investing, supporting healthy vegetable. (B), the story of Popeye
businesses that match their values, and ensuring that contributed to the spinach myth's long life.
their money is not being used to fund harmful ① In other words …… Similarly
practices. Banks that offer socially responsible
② For example …… Moreover
investment opportunities and are committed to
③ Therefore …… Conversely
environmental sustainability will attract Gen Z's
④ However …… Nevertheless
attention.
⑤ Furthermore …… Consequently
① for example …… Moreover
② therefore …… However
③ in contrast …… Similarly
④ furthermore …… Otherwise
⑤ besides …… Nevertheless
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 180 - 181 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

180. [연결어 / 고1/2025/10 - 32] 181. [연결어 / 고1/2025/10 - 33]

글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은? 글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
The technical term often used to describe animals' Despite the cultural trope depicting emotions as the
judgement of numbers is the approximate number opposite of rational thought, cognition—what we
system. What it does not provide is precision. It commonly refer to as thinking—is actually a key
shows and this is the same in every species tested a building block of emotion. How we think about our
characteristic pattern of errors, with discrimination circumstances shapes the emotions we experience;
becoming less accurate as the quantities get bigger. then those emotions echo back to influence how we
Rhesus monkeys can tell one from two, two from think. (A)______, if you walk into a test thinking you
three, three from four, four from five but start to fail are bad at taking tests, your anxiety will be increased.
from five upwards. Rats that learned to press a lever a Then you don't feel good about your performance on
given number of times, from four up to twenty-four, the test, and that becomes evidence for continuing to
became markedly less and less precise in their think that you're bad at test taking. In this way there's
responses as the number increased; (A) , by the top simply no pulling emotion and cognition apart. This
end of the range they would merely produce a spread bi-directionality of cognition and emotion allows us
of numbers around the target. (B) , it is a common to adjust difficult emotions by changing the way we
observation that when testing the accuracy of animals' think. By thinking differently—I get nervous
number sense, the size of the numbers matters. sometimes, but I'm still a good test taker, or that

① as a result …… In other words

nervous feeling is just excitement and anticipation, it

② therefore …… Indeed
means I'm ready—you can work those pathways to

③ furthermore …… For instance

your advantage. (B)______, you can change your

④ however …… Likewise
emotions by changing the way you think.

⑤ in contrast …… Consequently ① For instance …… Therefore

② In contrast …… However
③ Similarly …… Moreover
④ Furthermore …… Nevertheless
⑤ Likewise …… Otherwise
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 182 - 183 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

182. [연결어 / 고1/2025/10 - 34] 183. [연결어 / 고1/2025/10 - 35]

글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은? 글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
What is the Capabilities Approach (CA), and why Social media serves as an important context to
would lawyers passionate about animal justice care facilitate autobiographical remembering. Personal
about it? It is easy to say what it is not. The CA does events posted on social media platforms are better
not rank animals by likeness to humans or seek remembered and less forgotten than those not posted,
special privileges for those considered most "like us," independent of the characteristics of the events. This
as do some other popular theoretical approaches. The may be because sharing memories online allows
CA has concern for the finch and the pig as much as individuals to rehearse and make sense of what
the whale and the elephant. (A)_____, it argues that happened, thus facilitating long-term memory
the human form of life is simply irrelevant when we retention. Online feedback such as comments and
think about what each type of animal needs and likes as well as technological features such as
deserves. What is relevant is their own forms of life. algorithms and periodic reminders can further serve
Just as humans seek to be able to enjoy the as memory cues for the posted event details.
characteristic goods of a human life, so a finch seeks (A)_____, event details shared on social media are
a finch's life and the whale a whale's life. We should likely stabilized and remembered over time;
extend ourselves and learn, not lazily picture animals (B)_____, those not shared may become inaccessible
as lesser humans, seeking a life sort of like our own. or forgotten.
(B)_____, according to the CA, each sentient creature ① Therefore …… In other words
should have the opportunity to flourish in the form of
② Moreover …… Similarly
life characteristic for that creature.
③ However …… Conversely
① For example …… Therefore ④ As a result …… whereas
② Indeed …… Thus ⑤ For example …… Furthermore
③ However …… Moreover
④ Similarly …… Nevertheless
⑤ Furthermore …… Instead
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 184 - 185 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

184. [연결어 / 고1/2025/10 - 36] 185. [연결어 / 고1/2025/10 - 37]

글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은? 글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
Multisensory experiences are a central part of our As children, the principle of opposites is foreign.
everyday lives, yet we often take them for granted, Children perceive words and their meanings
especially when our senses function normally or are separately from each other. It is only in later
corrected to normal with aids like glasses. (A), closer development that we understood that individual
inspection to any, even the most ordinary experiences, words directly connect to one another.
reveals the remarkable multisensory world in which
we live. Consider the experience of eating a regular For many children, (A)__________, it is not clear that
meal. At first, it may seem like an ordinary 'Right' is the opposite of 'Left'. A vivid example of
experience, but it is actually a fusion of the senses. this can be seen when children learn to ride a bicycle.
We first eat with our eyes, but we are also exposed to If parents tell their child "Don't go to the left," they
countless sensory signals that influence our eating will often find that the child will continue riding
experience such as food textures, tastes, and smells. straight ahead and not automatically turn to the right.
And it does not stop there. (B), even the sounds that
come both from the atmospheres in which we eat and The same applies to the logical connection between
our interactions with the food (such as chewing) and 'Yes' and 'No' as perceived by parents. When we were
the tools we use to eat influence our eating children and were told, (B)__________, "No, don't
experience. eat with your hands," we were confused and didn't

① Therefore …… Instead
know what our parents expected from us.

② Moreover …… Similarly
③ Nevertheless …… Besides
Our confusion was about whether we should continue

④ In contrast …… Likewise
eating or not and if so, how? Only later did we
recognize the connection and understand that we
⑤ However …… Furthermore
should continue eating, but not with our hands but
with a fork or a spoon.

① for instance …… for example

② similarly …… therefore
③ nevertheless …… however
④ in contrast …… moreover
⑤ furthermore …… otherwise
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 186 - 187 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

186. [연결어 / 고1/2025/10 - 38] 187. [연결어 / 고1/2025/10 - 39]

글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은? 글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
These patterns recur predictably because they are Those who purchase the goods of a company are
tightly programmed genetically and propelled called customers. Individuals who purchase goods for
pheromonally. personal use are called consumers: beings who
consume. (A), companies have invented multiple
Humans are not the most social animal. Ants, bees, ways to ensure that their customers consume the
and termites put humanity to shame on many metrics produced items in larger and larger quantities and
of sociality. A wide variety of relatives live together more and more frequently. Those who sell food have
with perfectly harmonious behavior and collectively an easy time, for food is literally consumed, so there
care for their young. But while insect colonies are is always a need to purchase new food. But with more
impressively social places, it's not our kind of social permanent things, companies must invent reasons for
life. Bees always build hexagonal hives, ants march in their customers to continue to consume them. One
lines, and termites move in zigzag formations. We approach is to make the stuff that people already have
humans are more free, less tightly programmed outdated by convincing them that it is no longer
genetically, so our social patterns can be more diverse fashionable. The entire fashion industry is built to
and dynamic. Every group dances a slightly different convince people that fashion matters, so they must
dance, and these choreographies change across purchase new clothing, even though the old is still
generations. We still think and act in ways that are in perfectly functionable. (B), fashion today extends to
harmony with others around us, but it is (A) through far more things than clothes: automobiles, mobile
patterns that are more shaped by nurture, not just phones, computers — the list is extended indefinitely,
nature. (B), insect colonies are impressively social limited only by the limits of the creative minds of the
places, it's not our kind of social life. marketing divisions of companies.

① similarly …… Likewise ① Furthermore …… In other words

② meanwhile …… Therefore ② Therefore …… For example
③ nevertheless …… Moreover ③ However …… Similarly
④ through patterns that are more shaped by nurture, not ④ Nevertheless …… Consequently
just nature. For example …… However ⑤ Likewise …… Instead
⑤ for example …… Likewise
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 188 - 189 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

188. [연결어 / 고1/2025/10 - 40] 189. [연결어 / 고1/2025/10 - 41~42]

글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은? 글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
Kivetz, Urminsky, and Zheng partnered with a café to Creativity is the ability to generate novel and valuable
test the motivating effect of illusory progress in an ideas. It involves divergent thinking, imagination, and
experiment. Customers received a reward card that a willingness to experiment and take risks. While AI
offered one free coffee after they'd bought ten. While can be a powerful tool for creative efforts, it also
half of the customers received a card with ten open carries the risk of limiting originality and innovation.
slots, the other half got a card with twelve open slots. AI algorithms are trained on existing datasets, often
(A) , the twelve-slot card had two preexisting "bonus" identifying patterns and trends in past creations.
stamps, so, strictly speaking, these were identical While this can be useful for generating new content in
reward programs. Every customer who got a card similar styles or formats, it can also lead to derivative
needed to make ten coffee purchases (and collect ten works that lack genuine originality. If artists and
stamps) to get their free coffee. But the appeal of the designers rely too heavily on AI for inspiration and
free stamps was high. People who thought they'd content generation, they may find themselves trapped
gotten a head start came back to the café more often, in a cycle of imitation, unable to break free from the
filling in their reward card more quickly than the constraints of the AI's training data. (A), the ease with
others. which AI can generate content can discourage the
(B) , when the card came with two out of twelve slots kind of struggle and experimentation that often leads
already filled, it felt to customers like they were to breakthroughs. The creative process is often messy
already 16 percent finished with the goal before and repetitive, involving numerous failures and
they'd even started. Believing they were closer to the setbacks. It is through these challenges that we refine
reward, they were more motivated to reach the finish our skills, develop our unique perspectives, and push
line. the boundaries of what is possible. If AI provides

① Therefore …… In other words

instant solutions, it can inhibit this essential process

② However …… For example

of learning through trial and error, (B) inhibiting the

③ For instance …… Similarly

development of true creative talent.

④ Moreover …… Nevertheless ① Similarly …… Likewise

⑤ Likewise …… Instead ② Therefore …… Conversely

③ In contrast …… Besides
④ Furthermore …… Nonetheless
⑤ Moreover …… ultimately
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 190 - 193 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

190. [요약문 / 고1/2025/10 - 18] 191. [요약문 / 고1/2025/10 - 19]

글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어
갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은? 갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
Lomos Tours is planning a new advertisement After a shopping trip, the narrator experienced a
campaign and would like to ask Mr. Kelly to share his moment of _______(A)_______ when she couldn't
travel experience, as his _______(A)_______ would find her car, only to realize she had driven her
be _______(B)_______ in promoting their services. husband's car, leading to a _______(B)_______

① feedback …… invaluable
discovery.

② complaints …… helpful ① anxiety …… tragic

③ questions …… sufficient ② confusion …… humorous
④ suggestions …… difficult ③ frustration …… disappointing
⑤ opinions …… unnecessary ④ bewilderment …… relieving
⑤ excitement …… shocking

192. [요약문 / 고1/2025/10 - 20]

글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어 193. [요약문 / 고1/2025/10 - 21]
갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은? 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어
To maintain a lasting relationship, it is crucial to 갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
make a deliberate effort to sustain consistent Urban regeneration projects, while aiming to enhance
(A)_______, such as sharing relevant information, the wellbeing of residents, can ironically lead to the
which demonstrates your (B)_______ in the (A) of the original inhabitants due to increased
connection. housing costs, resulting in their (B) to similar

① isolation …… conflict degraded areas.

② competition …… uncertainty ① support …… exposure

③ regulation …… hesitation ② investment …… restriction
④ collaboration …… ignorance ③ displacement …… return
⑤ communication …… investment ④ development …… adaptation
⑤ involvement …… movement
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 194 - 197 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

194. [요약문 / 고1/2025/10 - 22] 195. [요약문 / 고1/2025/10 - 23]

글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어
갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은? 갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
To discuss and appropriately act on changes in the Rome's early success was attributed to its
ocean, it is essential to have a basic _______(A)_______ approach to immigration, which
_______(A)_______ of how the ocean system allowed it to _______(B)_______ diverse cultural
functions and its _______(B)_______. influences and contributed to its growth.

① dismissal …… impacts ① selective …… reject

② analysis …… creation ② inclusive …… embrace
③ description …… structure ③ restrictive …… ignore
④ expectation …… changes ④ indifferent …… overlook
⑤ understanding …… components ⑤ cautious …… minimize

196. [요약문 / 고1/2025/10 - 24] 197. [요약문 / 고1/2025/10 - 26]

글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어
갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은? 갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
The universe's physical laws and constants, while not Dalip Singh Saund, limited by his
designed for our evolution, possess precise forms and _______(A)_______, successfully advocated for a
values that _______(A)_______ the emergence of bill enabling Indian immigrants to gain citizenship,
life, as even slight _______(B)_______ could render eventually breaking _______(B)_______ as the first
life impossible. Asian in the U.S. Congress.

① hinder …… stability ① origin …… records

② demand …… fluctuations ② nationality …… ground
③ ensure …… improvements ③ education …… rules
④ accelerate …… changes ④ ambition …… laws
⑤ permit …… deviations ⑤ wealth …… traditions
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 198 - 201 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

198. [요약문 / 고1/2025/10 - 29] 199. [요약문 / 고1/2025/10 - 30]

글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어
갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은? 갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
To ensure healthier dietary choices, it is essential to Gen Z's financial choices are significantly shaped by
appreciate the _______(A)_______ reasons behind their (A)________ values, requiring financial
millennia-old food traditions rather than hastily institutions to prioritize (B)________ and ethical
adopting highly _______(B)_______ alternatives. practices to gain their trust and support.

① economic …… deficient ① economic …… stability

② superficial …… convenient ② personal …… transparency
③ underlying …… processed ③ practical …… innovation
④ immediate …… innovative ④ traditional …… security
⑤ apparent …… accessible ⑤ individual …… profitability

200. [요약문 / 고1/2025/10 - 31] 201. [요약문 / 고1/2025/10 - 32]

글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어
갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은? 갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
The enduring myth of spinach's high iron content, Animals' judgment of numbers, known as the
originating from a calculation ______(A)______ and approximate number system, lacks
reinforced by cultural icons like Popeye, demonstrates _______(A)_______, showing a pattern of errors that
how misinformation can ______(B)______ dietary increases with the _______(B)_______ of quantities.
habits despite factual corrections.
① precision …… size
① improvement ... change ② efficiency …… complexity
② manipulation ... maintain ③ consistency …… type
③ simplification ... influence ④ speed …… source
④ justification ... distort ⑤ reliability …… calculation
⑤ error ... affect
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 202 - 205 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

202. [요약문 / 고1/2025/10 - 33] 203. [요약문 / 고1/2025/10 - 34]

글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어
갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은? 갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
The interplay between cognition and emotion shows The Capabilities Approach emphasizes that each
that modifying our _______(A)_______ processes sentient creature should have the chance to thrive
can lead to the _______(B)_______ of challenging according to its own life form, rejecting the idea of
emotions. judging animals based on their _______(A)_______

① emotional …… neglect
to humans and instead focusing on their individual

② cognitive …… adjustment
_______(B)_______.

③ rational …… expression ① similarity …… flourishing

④ intuitive …… acceptance ② difference …… limitations
⑤ subconscious …… suppression ③ proximity …… existence
④ relation …… deficiencies

204. [요약문 / 고1/2025/10 - 35] ⑤ likeness …… behaviors

글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어

갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은? 205. [요약문 / 고1/2025/10 - 36]
Sharing personal events on social media (A) memory 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어
through rehearsal and feedback, while events not 갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
shared are more likely to be (B) over time. Ordinary experiences, such as eating, reveal a

① weakens …… highlighted
remarkable multisensory world where the (A) of

② distorts …… fabricated
various sensory signals, including visual, gustatory,

③ enhances …… forgotten
and auditory cues, (B) the overall experience.

④ complicates …… remembered ① suppression …… impairs

⑤ restricts …… emphasized ② isolation …… simplifies

③ separation …… diminishes
④ ignorance …… neutralizes
⑤ integration …… enriches
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 206 - 209 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

206. [요약문 / 고1/2025/10 - 37] 207. [요약문 / 고1/2025/10 - 38]

글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어
갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은? 갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
As children, understanding the relationship between Unlike insects whose social behaviors are rooted in
_______(A)_______ like 'Right' and 'Left' or 'Yes' genetic and pheromonal _______(A)_______, human
and 'No' is not innate; it develops later as we learn to social patterns are more _______(B)_______, shaped
_______(B)_______ the connections between words by environmental influences and cultural shifts.
and their meanings.
① determinism …… rigid
① directions …… recognize ② predispositions …… adaptable
② concepts …… question ③ instincts …… predictable
③ languages …… ignore ④ limitations …… complex
④ opposites …… comprehend ⑤ foundations …… uniform
⑤ statements …… deny

208. [요약문 / 고1/2025/10 - 39]

209. [요약문 / 고1/2025/10 - 40] 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어
글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어 갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은? To increase profits, companies use strategies such as
The experiment shows that providing a sense of making products seem _______(A)_______ to
________(A)________ progress, even if it is illusory, encourage _______(B)_______ consumption among
can significantly ________(B)________ customers' customers.
motivation to achieve a goal.
① durable …… reduced
① initial …… boost ② obsolete …… continuous
② actual …… decrease ③ affordable …… occasional
③ limited …… maintain ④ innovative …… limited
④ potential …… undermine ⑤ essential …… responsible
⑤ gradual …… evaluate
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 210 - 212 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

210. [요약문 / 고1/2025/10 - 41~42] 211. [서술형 (영작) / 고1/2025/10 - 18]

글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어 밑줄 친 부분을 아래 <조건>에 맞게 영작하시오
갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은? Dear Mr. Kelly,
Although AI technology assists in creative tasks, My name is Mark Smith, and I am the manager of
over-reliance on it may hinder the development of Lomos Tours. I express our sincere appreciation for
genuine creativity by limiting _______(A)_______ your continued trust and loyalty. Next year, as part of
and discouraging the _______(B)_______ process of a new promotional campaign, Lomos Tours will be
trial and error. airing an advertisement. We plan to include the
① originality …… simplified experiences of some of our most valued clients. Since
② innovation …… iterative you traveled with us last summer, I would like to
③ efficiency …… complex kindly ask if you would be willing to share a few

④ expression …… regulated words about your experience. Your feedback would

⑤ productivity …… intuitive
be invaluable in helping us promote our services. 저
희 팀의 일원이 곧 연락을 드릴 것입니다. Thank you

212. [서술형 (영작) / 고1/2025/10 - 19] in advance for your contributions.

Warm regards,
밑줄 친 부분을 아래 <조건>에 맞게 영작하시오 Mark Smith
After finishing my shopping, I walked out of the
grocery store and headed to the spot where I'd parked
my car. But it wasn't there. I wasn't the kind of person 조건
to forget where I'd parked. I knew I was in the right • 주어진 단어를 모두 사용하고, 단어를 추가하지 마시
오
place — so where was my car? I looked around, but
• 필요시 문맥에 맞도록 형태를 변형하시오
nothing made sense. Not knowing what to do, I called
• with / you / will / shortly / in / be / touch / member / of
my husband at home and said, “My car is missing! I
/ team / our / a
can't find my car.” I heard him laughing on the other
end of the line. “Your car is here outside the house!
You took mine today, remember?” I turned around —
and there it was. I couldn't help but laugh at myself.
With a sigh of relief, I walked over to the car. 결국 모
든 것이 괜찮았다.

조건
• 주어진 단어를 모두 사용하고, 단어를 추가하지 마시
오
• 필요시 문맥에 맞도록 형태를 변형하시오
• fine / after / everything / all / was
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 213 - 214 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

213. [서술형 (영작) / 고1/2025/10 - 20] 214. [서술형 (영작) / 고1/2025/10 - 21]
밑줄 친 부분을 아래 <조건>에 맞게 영작하시오 밑줄 친 부분을 아래 <조건>에 맞게 영작하시오
One of the most important aspects of sustaining long- Currently, urban regeneration projects in degraded
term relationships is communication. It's easy to areas have been promoted as improving the wellbeing
connect with someone and then let the relationship of residents and solving environmental injustice
get stuck due to a lack of follow-up. To keep the problems. However, such environmental
connection alive, make a conscious effort to stay in improvements in ethnic communities and/or low-
touch. This doesn't mean constantly reaching out with income households can create an urban green space
requests or updates but rather maintaining a friendly paradox. The creation of new, high-quality green
and consistent line of communication. A simple spaces can increase attractiveness, making these
message to check in or share something of value can neighbourhood more desirable. By contrast, the cost
go a long way in reinforcing your relationship. For of housing can rise, and residents may not be able to
example, if you come across an article or resource afford the rent. This results in the exclusion or
that you think might interest a connection, share it displacement of the poor neighbourhood's residents,
with them, even if you haven't spoken in a while. 이 who were intended to benefit from the ecosystem
렇게 하는 것은 당신이 그들을 생각하고 관계를 유지 services provided by the new green space. In turn, 결
하는 데 관심이 있다는 것을 보여줍니다. 과적으로, 주민들은 녹색 기반 시설에 대한 접근성이
낮은, 그들이 떠났던 것과 유사한 황폐한 지역에서만
조건
살 수 있게 될 수 있다.
• 주어진 단어를 모두 사용하고, 단어를 추가하지 마시
오
• 필요시 문맥에 맞도록 형태를 변형하시오 조건
• that / are / them / you / and / shows / in / the / of / • 주어진 단어를 모두 사용하고, 단어를 추가하지 마시
maintaining / invested / thinking / relationship 오
• 필요시 문맥에 맞도록 형태를 변형하시오
• afford / only / to / live / be / in / a / similar / degraded /
neighbourhood / the / to / one / they / left / may /
residents / with / low / access / infrastructure / green /
only / as / result
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 215 - 216 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

215. [서술형 (영작) / 고1/2025/10 - 22] 216. [서술형 (영작) / 고1/2025/10 - 23]
밑줄 친 부분을 아래 <조건>에 맞게 영작하시오 밑줄 친 부분을 아래 <조건>에 맞게 영작하시오
An increasing awareness of our effect on the ocean is Rome was said to have been a melting pot from the
slowly seeping into the public agenda, dragging very start. The historian Livy claimed the city's
behind it a conversation that is decades overdue. But original population was comprised of immigrants
this conversation faces a massive obstacle. It's almost flooding in from all directions, attracted by Romulus's
impossible to discuss what to do about something deliberate policy of nondiscrimination. It was this
changing if you don't initially know how it works. If a initial openness, Livy asserts, that laid the
doctor tells a patient that they have a problem with foundations for the later strength and success of the
their kidneys, the patient probably already has at least city. Romans described their city as multicultural in
a vague idea about where their kidneys are and what the generations after its foundation. Tradition held
they're up to. They learned about that part of their that only a minority of the city's legendary kings were
own personal life-support system at school. But that's Roman-born, with the others all arriving as
not the case for the oceans. When we see a news story immigrants before being chosen for the throne for
about the long-term decline in the numbers of krill in their virtues and merits. As the empire expanded
the Southern Ocean, it sounds generally like a bad across three continents, Rome eagerly adopted new
thing. But 거기에는 고래가 굶주리는 위험보다 훨씬 cultural influences and absorbed incoming groups —
더 많은 것이 있다. Krill are a part of the ocean perhaps a little too eagerly for some, who, like the
engine. We need to understand at least some of the poet Juvenal, complained about 문화적 변화의 빠른
context before we can discuss the change and take 속도에 대해.
appropriate action.

조건
조건 • 주어진 단어를 모두 사용하고, 단어를 추가하지 마시
• 주어진 단어를 모두 사용하고, 단어를 추가하지 마시 오
오 • 필요시 문맥에 맞도록 형태를 변형하시오
• 필요시 문맥에 맞도록 형태를 변형하시오 • the / rapid / cultural / of / rate / change
• risk / more / hungry / whales / the / than / going / to /
is / it / there / far / of
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 217 - 218 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

217. [서술형 (영작) / 고1/2025/10 - 24] 218. [서술형 (영작) / 고1/2025/10 - 26]
밑줄 친 부분을 아래 <조건>에 맞게 영작하시오 밑줄 친 부분을 아래 <조건>에 맞게 영작하시오
The laws and constants of physics and the Dalip Singh Saund was an Indian-born American
fundamental forces in our universe have very precise politician. After graduating from the University of
forms and values. This means that, if they were only Punjab in India, he moved to the U.S. to attend
very slightly different, life would not have been graduate school. He earned his doctoral degree at the
possible. For instance, the precise value of gravity has University of California in 1924 but could not get a
enabled our universe to arise by permitting the job because of his nationality. The next year, he began
aggregation of dust and gas particles to proto-stars farming in Imperial Valley, but he was not able to buy
around which planets later came to orbit, including land without U.S. citizenship. Dalip developed an
the Earth around the Sun. If the value of the electron interest in politics and he often spoke out on Indian
had been ever so slightly larger or smaller, chemistry, and political topics. He went to Washington, D.C. and
as we know it, would not have been possible and life, promoted a bill that would allow Indians to become
which is based on organic chemistry, could not have U.S. citizens. The bill was passed in 1946, and three
started. The universe was not designed for us to years later Dalip received U.S. citizenship. He later
evolve, we have no privileged position in the became the first Asian to be elected to the U.S.
universe; however, 물리학의 법칙과 상수 덕분에 고 Congress.
등 생명체가 진화할 수 있었다. 그는 그의 국적 때문에 직업을 구할 수 없었다.

조건 조건
• 주어진 단어를 모두 사용하고, 단어를 추가하지 마시 • 주어진 단어를 모두 사용하고, 단어를 추가하지 마시
오 오
• 필요시 문맥에 맞도록 형태를 변형하시오 • 필요시 문맥에 맞도록 형태를 변형하시오
• allowed / and / constants / physics / of / to / laws / the • get / because / job / a / not / could / nationality / his /
/ life / evolve / advanced of / he
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 219 - 220 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

219. [서술형 (영작) / 고1/2025/10 - 29] 220. [서술형 (영작) / 고1/2025/10 - 30]
밑줄 친 부분을 아래 <조건>에 맞게 영작하시오 밑줄 친 부분을 아래 <조건>에 맞게 영작하시오
Human beings have evolved to make the most of the While convenience and technology are crucial, they
resources available to them in ways that are subtle are not the only factors driving Gen Z's financial
and complicated. When we change our diets, decisions. This generation is incredibly values-driven,
especially when we do so quickly, we are effectively and they want to bank with institutions that match
conducting huge experiments in nutrition. We ought their personal beliefs and values. Transparency is
to have more humility. Nutritional science is still vital. Gen Z is skeptical of large corporations and
young and there is so much we do not know. If we institutions that lack accountability. They have grown
have eaten certain foods in certain ways for millennia, up in a world where information is freely available,
we should assume until it is proven otherwise that and they expect complete transparency from the
there is probably a good reason why. Traditional brands they support. Banks, for example, must clearly
foods that don't fit neatly on the contemporary dietary communicate fees, terms, and conditions, as well as
food plate should generally be chosen over highly how they handle customers' data. Moreover, ethical
processed ones that do. We should assume that banking practices are more important than ever. Gen
traditionally made fatty blood sausages are preferable Z cares about the environment, social justice, and the
to lean, factory-made salamis; that spoonfuls of honey ethical implications of their financial decisions. They
are superior to sprinkles of sweeteners. 영양 변화를 are interested in sustainable investing, supporting
겪으면서 전통적인 사회가 얼마나 제대로 해내지 못 businesses that match their values, and 자신의 돈이
하는지를 목격하는 것은 이미 그것을 완료한 사람들 해로운 관행에 자금을 대는 데 사용되지 않도록 하는
로 하여금 그들의 식단이 너무 멀리 이동했는지 의문 것. Banks that offer socially responsible investment
을 갖게 해야 한다. opportunities and are committed to environmental
sustainability will attract Gen Z's attention.

조건
• 주어진 단어를 모두 사용하고, 단어를 추가하지 마시 조건
오 • 주어진 단어를 모두 사용하고, 단어를 추가하지 마시
• 필요시 문맥에 맞도록 형태를 변형하시오 오
• make / already / transition / diets / nutrition / far / • 필요시 문맥에 맞도록 형태를 변형하시오
those / question / have / their / undergone / too / should • ensuring / their / not / is / money / used / that / to /
/ a / completed / it / who / witnessing / poorly / societies fund / practices / harmful
/ as / are / traditional / faring / how / moved
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 221 - 222 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

221. [서술형 (영작) / 고1/2025/10 - 31] 222. [서술형 (영작) / 고1/2025/10 - 32]
밑줄 친 부분을 아래 <조건>에 맞게 영작하시오 밑줄 친 부분을 아래 <조건>에 맞게 영작하시오
Myths aren't only stories. For example, a well-known The technical term often used to describe animals'
myth that persists today is the supposed high iron judgement of numbers is the approximate number
content in spinach. This is a legend that dates back to system. What it does not provide is precision. It
1890 and originates from a simple miscalculation by shows and this is the same in every species tested a
physiologist Gustav von Bunge. He accurately characteristic pattern of errors, with discrimination
determined that 100 grams of spinach contained 35 becoming less accurate as the quantities get bigger.
milligrams of iron but he was analyzing dried Rhesus monkeys can tell one from two, two from
spinach, which held ten times more iron than the three, three from four, four from five but start to fail
same amount of fresh leafy greens. Although the error from five upwards. Rats that learned to press a lever a
was swiftly corrected, the correction was just as given number of times, from four up to twenty-four,
swiftly forgotten. The myth had taken hold. Popeye, became markedly less and less precise in their
who gained superhuman strength from the leafy responses as the number increased: by the top end of
greens and defended himself with iron fists, the range they would merely produce a spread of
contributed to its endurance and even today, some numbers around the target. It is a common
nearly 150 years later, parents the world over use 이 observation that 동물들의 수 감각의 정확성을 테스
이야기를 사용하여 자녀들이 건강에 좋은 채소를 먹 트할 때, 숫자의 크기가 중요하다.
도록 설득하려고 노력한다.

조건
조건 • 주어진 단어를 모두 사용하고, 단어를 추가하지 마시
• 주어진 단어를 모두 사용하고, 단어를 추가하지 마시 오
오 • 필요시 문맥에 맞도록 형태를 변형하시오
• 필요시 문맥에 맞도록 형태를 변형하시오 • matters / of / the / animals' / number / the / testing /
• tale / their / eating / to / use / children / this / persuade when / accuracy / it / size / is / sense
/ the / healthy / vegetable / into / try
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 223 - 224 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

223. [서술형 (영작) / 고1/2025/10 - 33] 224. [서술형 (영작) / 고1/2025/10 - 34]
밑줄 친 부분을 아래 <조건>에 맞게 영작하시오 밑줄 친 부분을 아래 <조건>에 맞게 영작하시오
Despite the cultural trope depicting emotions as the What is the Capabilities Approach (CA), and why
opposite of rational thought, cognition—what we would lawyers passionate about animal justice care
commonly refer to as thinking—is actually a key about it? It is easy to say what it is not. The CA does
building block of emotion. How we think about our not rank animals by likeness to humans or seek
circumstances shapes the emotions we experience; special privileges for those considered most "like us,"
then those emotions echo back to influence how we as do some other popular theoretical approaches. The
think. For instance, if you walk into a test thinking CA has concern for the finch and the pig as much as
you are bad at taking tests, your anxiety will be the whale and the elephant. And it argues that the
increased. Then you don't feel good about your human form of life is simply irrelevant when we think
performance on the test, and that becomes evidence about what each type of animal needs and deserves.
for continuing to think that you're bad at test taking. What is relevant is their own forms of life. Just as
In this way there's simply no pulling emotion and humans seek to be able to enjoy the characteristic
cognition apart. This bi-directionality of cognition goods of a human life, so a finch seeks a finch's life
and emotion allows us to adjust difficult emotions by and the whale a whale's life. We should extend
changing the way we think. 다르게 생각함으로써 - ourselves and learn, not lazily picture animals as
나는 가끔 초조해지지만, 여전히 시험을 잘 보는 사 lesser humans, seeking a life sort of like our own.
람이야, 혹은 그 초조한 느낌은 단지 흥분과 기대감 According to the CA, 각각의 지각 있는 생명체는 그
일 뿐이야, 그것은 내가 준비됐다는 것을 의미해 - 당 생명체의 특징적인 삶의 형태 안에서 번성할 기회를
신은 당신에게 유리하도록 그러한 경로를 활용할 수 가져야 한다.
있다.

조건 조건
• 주어진 단어를 모두 사용하고, 단어를 추가하지 마시 • 주어진 단어를 모두 사용하고, 단어를 추가하지 마시
오 오
• 필요시 문맥에 맞도록 형태를 변형하시오 • 필요시 문맥에 맞도록 형태를 변형하시오
• advantage / work / those / to / pathways / you / by / • creature / sentient / have / each / should / the /
your / can opportunity / flourish / in / life / of / form / that /
characteristic / a / for
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 225 - 226 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

225. [서술형 (영작) / 고1/2025/10 - 35] 226. [서술형 (영작) / 고1/2025/10 - 36]
밑줄 친 부분을 아래 <조건>에 맞게 영작하시오 밑줄 친 부분을 아래 <조건>에 맞게 영작하시오
Social media serves as an important context to Multisensory experiences are a central part of our
facilitate autobiographical remembering. Personal everyday lives, yet we often take them for granted,
events posted on social media platforms are better especially when our senses function normally or are
remembered and less forgotten than those not posted, corrected to normal with aids like glasses. However,
independent of the characteristics of the events. This closer inspection to any, even the most ordinary
may be because sharing memories online allows experiences, reveals the remarkable multisensory
individuals to rehearse and make sense of what world in which we live. Consider the experience of
happened, thus facilitating long-term memory eating a regular meal. At first, it may seem like an
retention. Online feedback such as comments and ordinary experience, but it is actually a fusion of the
likes as well as technological features such as senses. We first eat with our eyes, but we are also
algorithms and periodic reminders can further serve exposed to countless sensory signals that influence
as memory cues for the posted event details. As a our eating experience such as food textures, tastes,
result, event details shared on social media are likely and smells. And it does not stop there. 심지어 우리가
stabilized and remembered over time, 반면에 공유되 먹는 분위기에서 오는 소리와 우리가 음식을 먹을 때
지 않은 세부 사항은 접근 불가능해지거나 잊혀질 수 (씹는 것과 같은) 그리고 우리가 먹기 위해 사용하는
있다. 도구들과의 상호 작용도 우리의 식사 경험에 영향을
미친다.

조건
• 주어진 단어를 모두 사용하고, 단어를 추가하지 마시 조건
오 • 주어진 단어를 모두 사용하고, 단어를 추가하지 마시
• 필요시 문맥에 맞도록 형태를 변형하시오 오
• shared / may / those / inaccessible / become / not / or / • 필요시 문맥에 맞도록 형태를 변형하시오
forgotten / whereas • influence / even / that / the / and / eat / interactions /
sounds / our / with / atmospheres / which / from / the /
food / we / in / come / eating / experience / our / the /
tools / use / to / we
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 227 - 228 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

227. [서술형 (영작) / 고1/2025/10 - 37] 228. [서술형 (영작) / 고1/2025/10 - 38]
밑줄 친 부분을 아래 <조건>에 맞게 영작하시오 밑줄 친 부분을 아래 <조건>에 맞게 영작하시오
As children, the principle of opposites is foreign. These patterns recur predictably because they are
Children perceive words and their meanings tightly programmed genetically and propelled
separately from each other. It is only in later pheromonally.
development that we understood that individual
words directly connect to one another. Humans are not the most social animal. Ants, bees,
For many children, for instance, it is not clear that and termites put humanity to shame on many metrics
'Right' is the opposite of 'Left'. A vivid example of of sociality. A wide variety of relatives live together
this can be seen when children learn to ride a bicycle. with perfectly harmonious behavior and collectively
If parents tell their child "Don't go to the left," they care for their young. But while insect colonies are
will often find that the child will continue riding impressively social places, it's not our kind of social
straight ahead and not automatically turn to the right. life. Bees always build hexagonal hives, ants march in
The same applies to the logical connection between lines, and termites move in zigzag formations. We
'Yes' and 'No' as perceived by parents. When we were humans are more free, less tightly programmed
children and were told, for example, "No, don't eat genetically, so our social patterns can be more diverse
with your hands," 우리는 혼란스러웠고 부모님이 우 and dynamic. Every group dances a slightly different
리에게 무엇을 기대하는지 몰랐다. Our confusion dance, and these choreographies change across
was about whether we should continue eating or not generations. We still think and act in ways that are in
and if so, how? Only later did we recognize the harmony with others around us, but it is through
connection and understand that we should continue patterns that are more shaped by nurture, not just
eating, but not with our hands but with a fork or a nature.
spoon. 개미는 줄을 지어 행진한다.

조건 조건
• 주어진 단어를 모두 사용하고, 단어를 추가하지 마시 • 주어진 단어를 모두 사용하고, 단어를 추가하지 마시
오 오
• 필요시 문맥에 맞도록 형태를 변형하시오 • 필요시 문맥에 맞도록 형태를 변형하시오
• what / confused / expected / were / and / we / from / • march / ants / in / lines
parents / our / know / didn't / us
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 229 - 230 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

229. [서술형 (영작) / 고1/2025/10 - 39] 230. [서술형 (영작) / 고1/2025/10 - 40]
밑줄 친 부분을 아래 <조건>에 맞게 영작하시오 밑줄 친 부분을 아래 <조건>에 맞게 영작하시오
Those who purchase the goods of a company are Kivetz, Urminsky, and Zheng partnered with a café to
called customers. Individuals who purchase goods for test the motivating effect of illusory progress in an
personal use are called consumers: beings who experiment. Customers received a reward card that
consume. Therefore, companies have invented offered one free coffee after they'd bought ten. While
multiple ways to ensure that their customers consume half of the customers received a card with ten open
the produced items in larger and larger quantities and slots, the other half got a card with twelve open slots.
more and more frequently. Those who sell food have Yet the twelve-slot card had two preexisting "bonus"
an easy time, for food is literally consumed, so there stamps, so, strictly speaking, these were identical
is always a need to purchase new food. But with more reward programs. Every customer who got a card
permanent things, companies must invent reasons for needed to make ten coffee purchases (and collect ten
their customers to continue to consume them. One stamps) to get their free coffee. But the appeal of the
approach is to make the stuff that people already have free stamps was high. People who thought they'd
outdated by convincing them that it is no longer gotten a head start came back to the café more often,
fashionable. The entire fashion industry is built to filling in their reward card more quickly than the
convince people that fashion matters, so they must others. When the card came with two out of twelve
purchase new clothing, even though the old is still slots already filled, it felt to customers like they were
perfectly functionable. Fashion today extends to far already 16 percent finished with the goal before
more things than clothes: automobiles, mobile they'd even started. 그들이 보상에 더 가까워졌다고
phones, computers — 오늘날의 패션은 옷보다 훨씬 믿었기 때문에, 그들은 결승선에 도달하려는 동기가
더 많은 것으로 확장된다. the list is extended 더 강해졌다.
indefinitely, limited only by the limits of the creative
minds of the marketing divisions of companies.
조건
• 주어진 단어를 모두 사용하고, 단어를 추가하지 마시
조건 오
• 주어진 단어를 모두 사용하고, 단어를 추가하지 마시 • 필요시 문맥에 맞도록 형태를 변형하시오
오 • motivated / believing / the / reach / finish / line / more
• 필요시 문맥에 맞도록 형태를 변형하시오 / to / they / were / reward / closer / they / were
• extends / clothes / fashion / than / more / today / far /
to
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
문제 231 - 231 / 총 231개 [Link]/purnnote

231. [서술형 (영작) / 고1/2025/10 - 41~42]

밑줄 친 부분을 아래 <조건>에 맞게 영작하시오
Creativity is the ability to generate novel and valuable
ideas. It involves divergent thinking, imagination, and
a willingness to experiment and take risks. While AI
can be a powerful tool for creative efforts, it also
carries the risk of limiting originality and innovation.
AI algorithms are trained on existing datasets, often
identifying patterns and trends in past creations.
While this can be useful for generating new content in
similar styles or formats, it can also lead to derivative
works that lack genuine originality. If artists and
designers rely too heavily on Al for inspiration and
content generation, they may find themselves trapped
in a cycle of imitation, unable to break free from the
constraints of the Al's training data. Moreover, the
ease with which AI can generate content can
discourage the kind of struggle and experimentation
that often leads to breakthroughs. The creative
process is often messy and repetitive, involving
numerous failures and setbacks. It is through these
challenges that we refine our skills, develop our
unique perspectives, and push the boundaries of what
is possible. 만약 Al가 즉각적인 해결책을 제공한다
면, 그것은 시행착오를 통한 학습이라는 필수적인 과
정을 저해하여 궁극적으로 진정한 창의적 재능의 발
달을 억제할 수 있다.

조건
• 주어진 단어를 모두 사용하고, 단어를 추가하지 마시
오
• 필요시 문맥에 맞도록 형태를 변형하시오
• inhibit / this / essential / of / process / learning / trial /
through / error / ultimately / the / development /
creative / of / true / talent / and / it / can
 2025 10월 고1 전국연합학력평가 변형 231제 푸른노트 시범 사용 학원 모집 중
정답지 [Link]/purnnote

정답 및 해설
문제 1 문제 117
정답: ① 정답: ④
(A) 'Lomos Tours'가 광고를 방송하는 것이므로 능동의 의미를 가진 'will 동물의 수 판단 능력을 설명하는 용어인 '근사 숫자 체계'는 정확성을 제공하
air'가 적절하다. (B) 앞 문장 전체를 선행사로 취하는 관계대명사 'which'가 지 못한다는 내용이므로, 빈칸에는 '정확성'이 들어가는 것이 가장 적절하다.
필요하다. (C) 'Thank you in advance for your contributions'에 대한 부
가 설명으로 분사구문이 와야 하므로 'being'이 적절하다. 문제 118
정답: ②
문제 2 인지와 감정의 양방향성은 우리가 생각하는 방식을 변화시킴으로써 어려운
정답: ③ 감정을 조절할 수 있게 해준다는 내용이므로, 빈칸에는 'adjust difficult
(A) 선행사가 사람이므로 주격 관계대명사 who가 적절하다. (B) 문맥상 능동 emotions(어려운 감정을 조절하다)'가 가장 적절하다.
의 의미를 나타내는 분사구문이 필요하므로 Not knowing이 적절하다. (C)
'결국'이라는 의미의 부사구 after all이 적절하다. 문제 119
정답: ④
문제 3 CA에 따르면 모든 지각 있는 생명체는 그 생물에게 특징적인 삶의 형태 안에
정답: ④ 서 번성할 기회를 가져야 한다는 내용이므로, 빈칸에는 '번성하다'가 적절하
(A) of의 목적어 역할을 하는 동명사가 와야 하므로 sustaining이 적절하다. 다.
(B) rather 뒤에 maintaining과 같이 병렬 구조를 이루어야 하므로
maintaining이 적절하다. (C) be invested in ~ing 구문이므로 문제 120
maintaining이 적절하다. 정답: ②
문제 4 소셜 미디어에 공유된 사건의 세부 사항은 시간이 지남에 따라 안정화되고 기
억될 가능성이 높다는 내용이 빈칸에 가장 적절하다. 지문의 앞부분에서 온라
정답: ① 인 피드백, 알고리즘, 주기적인 알림 등이 기억 단서 역할을 한다고 언급했으
(A) has been promoted as의 목적격 보어이므로 동명사 improving이 적 므로, 공유된 정보가 안정화되어 기억에 남는다는 결론이 자연스럽다.
절하다. (B) 주어인 The creation of new, high-quality green spaces를
부가적으로 설명하는 분사구문이므로 현재분사 making이 적절하다. (C) 주 문제 121
격 관계대명사 who의 선행사가 residents이므로 복수 동사 were가 적절하 정답: ①
다. 식사는 평범해 보이지만 실제로는 감각의 융합이라는 내용이 뒤에 이어지는
문제 5 감각적인 예시들과 연결되므로, 빈칸에는 감각의 융합이 가장 적절하다.
정답: ⑤ 문제 122
(A) 문맥상 주절의 주어인 'An increasing awareness'를 의미상의 주어로 정답: ①
하는 분사구문이 적절하므로, 능동의 현재분사 'dragging'이 와야 한다. (B) 지문의 핵심 내용은 아이들이 반대 개념을 이해하는 데 어려움을 겪는다는 것
'something'을 수식하는 현재분사 'changing'이 적절하다. (C) 'the risk 이다. 따라서 빈칸에는 단어들이 반의어로서 본질적으로 연결되어 있다는 이
of' 다음에 동명사가 와야 하므로 'going'이 적절하다. 해가 부족하다는 내용이 들어가는 것이 가장 적절하다.
문제 6 문제 123
정답: ① 정답: ③
(A) 수동의 의미를 나타내므로 과거분사 was comprised가 적절하다. 인간의 사회적 패턴은 본성뿐 아니라 양육에 의해 형성된다는 내용이므로, 빈
comprising은 능동의 의미로 뒤에 목적어가 필요하다. (B) 주어가 a 칸에는 '양육 및 환경적 요인'이 들어가는 것이 가장 적절하다.
minority of the city's legendary kings 이므로 복수 동사 were가 적절하
다. (C) 문맥상 동명사 being이 적절하다. 주절의 동사 complained와 병렬 문제 124
구조를 이룬다. 정답: ③
문제 7 회사가 제품을 계속 소비하도록 만들기 위해 마케팅 부서의 창의적인 아이디
정답: ⑤ 어에 의해 소비가 제한된다는 내용이 문맥상 가장 적절하다.
(A) 가정법 과거의 조건절이므로 be 동사는 were를 사용한다. (B) 뒤에 완전 문제 125
한 절이 이어지므로 관계대명사 which가 적절하다. that은 불가하다. (C) 정답: ①
life를 수식하는 분사구문으로, 이미 동사가 존재하므로 based가 적절하다. 고객들이 보상에 더 가까워졌다고 믿을 때, 결승선에 도달하려는 동기가 더 강
문제 8 해진다는 내용이므로 'more motivated'가 빈칸에 들어가는 것이 가장 적절
정답: ④ 하다.
(A) After 다음에는 분사구문이 와야 하므로 graduating이 적절하다. (B) 뒤 문제 126
에 without U.S. citizenship이 있으므로 was가 적절하다. (C) 법안이 통과
된 것이므로 수동태 was passed가 적절하다. 정답: ①
문제 9 AI에 지나치게 의존하면 모방의 순환에 갇혀 AI 학습 데이터의 제약에서 벗어
날 수 없게 된다는 내용이므로, 빈칸에는 '모방'이 가장 적절하다.
정답: ②
(A) 문맥상 능동의 의미이므로 현재분사 conducting이 적절하다. (B) 선행 문제 127
사 a good reason을 수식하는 관계부사 why가 적절하다. (C) 'how + 주어 정답: ④
+ be동사/동사 + -ing'는 '~가 어떻게 ...하는지'라는 의미로, 동명사 faring 주어진 문장은 작년에 함께 여행했던 경험에 대한 의견을 묻는 내용이므로, 광
이 적절하다. 고에 고객 경험을 포함하겠다는 내용 뒤에 위치하는 것이 자연스럽다. 팀원이
문제 10 곧 연락할 것이라는 내용 앞에 위치해야 흐름상 적절하다.
정답: ② 문제 128
(A)는 factors를 수식하는 능동 분사이므로 driving이 적절하다. (B)는 정답: ⑤
brands를 수식하는 관계대명사로 that이 적절하다. (C)는 and에 의해 주어진 문장은 남편과의 통화 후 자신의 실수를 깨닫고 차를 발견하는 내용이
interested in에 연결되는 동명사이므로 ensuring이 적절하다. 므로, 'I couldn't help but laugh at myself' 바로 뒤에 오는 것이 자연스럽
문제 11 다. 따라서 정답은 ⑤번이다.
정답: ① 문제 129
(A) 주어인 a well-known myth에 대한 동사 자리이므로 단수형 persists 정답: ②
가 적절하다. (B) 계속적 용법의 관계대명사로 which가 적절하다. that은 계 예시 다음에 제시된 문장이므로, 예시에 대한 설명이 이어지는 (②)가 정답이
속적 용법으로 사용될 수 없다. (C) try to 부정사는 '하려고 노력하다'라는 의 다.
미로, 목적격 보어로는 to부정사가 와야 한다.
문제 12 문제 130
정답: ③
정답: ① 주어진 문장에서는 새로운 녹지 공간으로 인해 의도치 않게 원주민들이 배제
(A) 선행사가 없으므로 관계대명사 What이 적절하다. That은 명사절을 이끄 되는 결과를 언급하고, In turn 다음에는 그 결과로 주민들이 유사한 환경의
는 접속사로 뒤에 완전한 절이 와야 한다. (B) '위로, ~까지'라는 의미로 부사 열악한 지역으로 이동하게 된다는 내용이 이어지므로, 주어진 문장은 ③에 위
upwards가 적절하다. upward는 형용사로 쓰인다. (C) when 다음에 주어 치하는 것이 가장 적절하다.
가 생략된 분사구문으로, animals' number sense가 testing의 주체이므로
능동의 현재분사 testing이 적절하다. 문제 131
문제 13 정답: ④
정답: ⑤ 주어진 문장은 신체 기관에 대한 이해와 해양에 대한 이해를 대조하며 해양의
경우 그렇지 않다고 언급한다. 따라서, 신체 기관에 대한 설명이 끝난 후, 해양
(A) 문맥상 능동의 의미를 나타내는 현재분사 depicting이 적절하다. (B) 전 에 대한 이야기가 시작되기 직전인 ④에 삽입되는 것이 가장 적절하다.
치사 at의 목적어 역할을 하는 동명사 taking이 필요하다. (C) 전치사 by의
목적어 역할을 하는 동명사 changing이 적절하다. 문제 132
문제 14 정답: ①
정답: ④ 주어진 문장은 로마 제국이 확장되면서 새로운 문화적 영향을 적극적으로 받
아들이고 유입되는 집단을 흡수했다는 내용이다. 이 내용은 로마가 다문화적
(A) 주어가 some other popular theoretical approaches로 복수이므로 도시로 묘사된 후, 소수의 왕만이 로마에서 태어났다는 내용과 자연스럽게 연
동사는 do가 적절하다. (B) 주어가 What이므로 단수 취급하여 is가 와야 한 결되므로 ①이 정답이다.
다. (C) 분사구문의 자리이므로 현재분사 seeking이 적절하다.
문제 133
문제 15 정답: ④
정답: ① 주어진 문장은 우주가 인간을 위해 설계된 것이 아니지만, 물리 법칙과 상수가
(A) 전치사 of의 목적어로 명사 characteristics를 수식하므로 형용사 고등 생명체가 진화할 수 있도록 허용했다는 내용을 담고 있다. 이 문장은 전
independent가 적절하다. (B) thus는 부사로 뒤에 동명사 facilitating이 와 자 값의 미세한 변화가 화학과 생명에 미치는 영향에 대한 설명(If the value
야 한다. to facilitate는 부사적 용법으로 사용될 수 있지만, 문맥상 적절하지 of the electron had been ever so slightly larger or smaller,
않다. (C) 주어는 복수 명사 event details이므로 복수 동사 are가 적절하다. chemistry, as we know it, would not have been possible and life,
문제 16 which is based on organic chemistry, could not have started.) 뒤에
위치하여, 앞선 내용이 인간 중심적인 관점이 아님을 강조하고 물리 법칙의 역
정답: ③ 할에 대한 결론을 내리는 역할을 한다. 따라서 주어진 문장은 ④에 삽입되는
(A) 수동태로 쓰여야 하므로 are corrected가 적절하다. (B) 선행사가 있으 것이 가장 적절하다.
므로 관계대명사 that이 적절하다. (C) 주어가 Even the sounds이므로 복
수 동사 influence가 적절하다. 문제 134
정답: ①
문제 17 Dalip이 정치에 관심을 가지게 되어 인도와 정치적인 주제에 대해 자주 이야
정답: ② 기했다는 내용이 나온 후, 그가 워싱턴 D.C.에 가서 인도인들이 미국 시민이
(A) 수동태로 쓰여야 하므로 'can be seen'이 적절하다. (B) parents에 의해 될 수 있도록 하는 법안을 추진했다는 내용이 이어지는 것이 자연스럽다. 따라
'인식되는' 것이므로 과거분사 'perceived'가 적절하다. (C) only later가 문 서 주어진 문장은 ①에 들어가는 것이 가장 적절하다.
두에 왔으므로 주어와 동사가 도치된 'did we recognize'가 적절하다.
문제 135
문제 18 정답: ②
정답: ③ 주어진 문장은 전통적인 식단을 옹호하는 내용에서 현대 식단으로의 전환에
(A) 'tightly programmed'는 과거분사로, 유전적으로 꽉 짜여진(계획된) 상 대한 의문을 제기하는 내용으로 연결되므로, 전통적인 음식을 선호해야 한다
태를 나타내므로 과거분사가 적절하다. (B) ways가 주어이므로 복수 동사 는 주장의 바로 뒤인 ②에 삽입되는 것이 가장 적절하다.
are가 와야 한다. (C) that은 주격 관계대명사로, 앞에 선행사 patterns를 수 문제 136
식한다.
정답: ⑤
문제 19 주어진 문장은 윤리적인 은행 업무 관행의 중요성을 강조하며, 이는 Gen Z 세
정답: ① 대가 환경, 사회 정의, 윤리적 함의에 관심을 갖는다는 내용과 자연스럽게 연
(A) need의 목적어를 to부정사로 받는 것이 적절하다. (B) by의 목적어로 동 결된다. 따라서 주어진 문장은 Gen Z의 가치관에 대한 설명 후, 구체적인 윤
명사가 와야 한다. (C) 주어 the list에 대한 동사로 수동태가 적절하다. 리적 은행 업무의 중요성을 언급하기 직전에 위치하는 것이 가장 적절하다.
문제 20 문제 137
정답: ③ 정답: ④
(A) 문장 전체를 수식하는 분사구문이므로 능동의 의미를 가진 현재분사 주어진 문장은 Popeye라는 캐릭터가 시금치 신화에 기여했다는 내용으로,
speaking이 적절하다. (B) 주어(People)의 능동적인 행위이므로 현재분사 신화가 자리를 잡았다는 내용 뒤에 위치하여 신화의 지속성에 대한 구체적인
filling이 적절하다. (C) 주절의 주어(they)를 의미상의 주어로 하는 분사구문 예시를 제공하는 것이 자연스럽다.
이므로 능동의 의미를 가진 현재분사 Believing이 적절하다. 문제 138
문제 21 정답: ①
정답: ① 동물들의 수 감각 정확도를 테스트할 때 숫자의 크기가 중요하다는 내용이 제
(A) carries의 목적어 the risk of의 보어이므로 동명사 limiting이 적절하다. 시된 후, 그에 대한 구체적인 예시(원숭이와 쥐)가 이어지는 것이 자연스럽다.
(B) 주어가 복수 명사 derivative works이므로 동사 lack이 적절하다. (C) 따라서 주어진 문장은 원숭이 예시 앞에 오는 것이 적절하다.
주절의 주어인 The creative process를 부연 설명하는 분사구문이므로 현 문제 139
재분사 involving이 적절하다.
정답: ④
문제 22 주어진 문장은 감정과 인지를 분리할 수 없다는 내용으로, 시험을 못 본다고
정답: ③ 생각하는 예시 다음에 위치하여 감정과 인지가 서로 얽혀있음을 강조하고, 인
helping의 목적어이므로 동명사 promote가 와야 한다. 따라서 promoting 지와 감정의 양방향성이 어려운 감정을 조절할 수 있게 해준다는 내용으로 자
이 아니라 to promote 또는 promote가 적절하다. 연스럽게 연결된다.
문제 23 문제 140
정답: ① 정답: ②
주어가 it (단수)이므로 was가 와야 한다. weren't는 복수 주어에 사용된다. 주어진 문장은 CA가 인간의 형태와 동물을 비교하는 것을 거부하고, 각 동물
종의 필요와 가치를 고려해야 한다고 주장한다. 이 주장은 바로 다음 문장에서
문제 24 '그들의 삶의 형태가 중요하다'는 내용으로 자연스럽게 이어진다. 따라서 주어
정답: ④ 진 문장은 CA의 기본적인 입장을 설명하고, 그 입장이 동물의 삶의 형태에 대
are invested가 되어야 수동태로 '투자되다'라는 의미를 나타낼 수 있다. 한 존중으로 이어진다는 점을 강조하는 (②) 위치에 삽입되는 것이 가장 적절
invest는 타동사이므로 목적어가 없으면 수동태로 표현해야 한다. 하다.
문제 25 문제 141
정답: ① 정답: ③
문장의 주어는 urban regeneration projects로 복수이므로 동사는 복수형 주어진 문장은 소셜 미디어에 공유된 사건의 세부 사항이 시간이 지남에 따라
인 have가 되어야 한다. 안정화되고 기억되는 반면, 공유되지 않은 사건은 접근 불가능하거나 잊혀질
수 있다는 결론을 제시한다. 따라서, 온라인 피드백과 기술적 기능이 기억 단
문제 26 서 역할을 한다는 내용 다음에 위치하여 소셜 미디어가 자서전적 기억을 촉진
정답: ① 하는 맥락을 완성하는 것이 자연스럽다.
주어는 An increasing awareness로 단수이므로 동사는 is가 되어야 한다. 문제 142
따라서 are는 is로 수정되어야 한다. 정답: ①
문제 27 주어진 문장은 식사에 대한 경험이 평범해 보이지만 감각의 융합이라는 내용
정답: ④ 이다. 이 문장은 식사 경험을 예시로 제시하기 전에 위치하는 것이 논리적으로
who절 안에서 동사가 없으므로 complaining을 complained로 수정해야 타당하다.
한다. who는 some을 선행사로 하는 관계대명사절이다. 문제 143
문제 28 정답: ①
정답: ② 주어진 문장은 'Right'와 'Left'의 반대 개념에 대한 예시와 'Yes'와 'No'의 논
가정법 과거 완료 구문이므로, 주절에는 'would have p.p.' 형태가 와야 한 리적(①)
연결에 대한 예시를 연결하는 역할을 한다. 따라서 자전거 예시가 끝나는
위치가 가장 적절하다.
다. 따라서 will은 would로 수정되어야 한다.
문제 29 문제 144
정답: ⑤ 정답: ⑤
to 부정사 뒤에는 동사원형이 와야 하므로, 'be elected'가 되어야 한다. '선 주어진 문장은 특정한 패턴이 유전적으로 프로그램되어 있고 페로몬에 의해
출되다'라는 수동의 의미를 나타내야 하므로 수동태 형태가 적절하다. 추진된다는 내용을 담고 있다. 이 내용은 앞 문장의 곤충들의 사회적 행동에
대한 설명과 연결되어야 자연스럽다. 따라서 곤충의 사회적 행동 양상에 대한
문제 30 설명이 끝난 후, 인간의 사회성과 대비되는 점을 설명하기 전에 위치하는 것이
정답: ③ 가장 적절하다.
over은 '넘어서'라는 뜻의 부사로 쓰일 수 있지만, 여기서는 '매우'라는 의미로 문제 145
형용사를 수식해야 하므로 부사 overly가 아닌 형용사 over가 적절하다.
highly processed를 수식해야 하므로 over가 와야 한다. 정답: ③
주어진 문장은 음식과 같이 소모품이 아닌 영구적인 물건에 대해 기업이 소비
문제 31 를 유도하는 이유를 설명하는 내용이다. (①) 앞 문장에서는 음식을 예시로 들
정답: ③ 며 항상 새로운 구매가 필요하다고 언급하고, (③) 뒷 문장에서는 패션이 옷을
주어가 Banks로 복수이므로 동사는 복수형태인 attract를 써야 한다. 따라서 넘어 자동차, 휴대폰 등으로 확장된다는 내용이 나오므로, 주어진 문장은 패션
will attract은 will attract로 수정되어야 한다. 산업으로 논의가 전환되기 직전인 (③)에 위치하는 것이 가장 적절하다.
문제 32 문제 146
정답: ④ 정답: ⑤
전치사 into 다음에는 명사 또는 동명사가 와야 하므로, eat을 eating으로 수 주어진 문장은 모든 고객이 무료 커피를 받기 위해 10번의 커피 구매와 스탬
정해야 한다. 프가 필요하다는 내용이다. 이 내용은 고객들이 16퍼센트 완료되었다고 느끼
고 동기 부여가 되었다는 내용 앞에 오는 것이 자연스럽다. 따라서 정답은 ⑤
문제 33 이다.
정답: ②
start 다음에는 to fail 또는 failing 둘 다 올 수 있지만, 여기서는 문맥상 '다 문제
정답:
147
섯부터는 실패하기 시작한다'라는 의미가 되어야 하므로 to fail이 적절하다. ⑤
따라서 failing은 to fail로 수정되어야 한다. 주어진 문장은 AI가 콘텐츠를 쉽게 생성함으로써 어려움과 실험을 저해할 수
있다는 내용이다. 앞 문장에서 AI에 과도하게 의존하면 모방의 굴레에 갇힐 수
문제 34 있다는 내용이 나오고, 주어진 문장 다음에 창작 과정의 어려움과 시행착오를
정답: ② 통한 학습의 중요성을 강조하는 내용이 이어지므로, 주어진 문장은 (⑤)에 위
to 부정사의 목적어로 쓰일 때는 동사원형이 와야 하므로 continue는 치하는 것이 가장 적절하다.
continuing으로 수정되어야 한다. 문제 148
문제 35 정답: ⑤
정답: ② 광고 캠페인에 대한 언급 (C)이 먼저 나오고, 그 다음에 고객 경험을 공유해달
What is relevant는 단수 주어이므로, 동사는 is가 되어야 한다. 따라서 are 라는 요청 (A), 마지막으로 팀원이 연락할 것이라는 안내 (B)가 오는 것이 자
연스럽다.
를 is로 수정해야 한다.
문제 36 문제 149
정답: ① 정답: ④
events가 게시되지 않은 것이므로 수동의 의미를 갖는 과거분사 posted가 (C)에서 차가 없어진 상황에 대한 의문과 남편과의 통화 내용이 이어지고,
적절하다. 따라서 posting은 어법상 틀리다. (A)에서 남편과의 통화 후 상황이 더욱 구체적으로 묘사되며, (B)에서 모든 상
황이 해결된 후 안도하는 내용으로 마무리되는 것이 자연스럽다.
문제 37 문제 150
정답: ① 정답: ⑤
전치사 to는 부적절하며, of any로 수정해야 한다. closer inspection of 주어진 문장에서는 장기적인 관계에서 소통의 중요성을 언급한다. (B)에서는
any는 '어떤 것이라도 더 자세히 살펴보는 것'을 의미한다. 관계가 정체되지 않도록 꾸준히 연락하는 것이 중요하다고 설명하며 주어진
문제 38 문장에 대한 부연 설명을 제공한다. (A)에서는 관계를 강화하는 방법으로 간
정답: ③ 단한 메시지를 보내는 것을 제시한다. (C)에서는 구체적인 예시로 관심 있을
문맥상 과거 시제인 'were'가 적절하다. knew는 의미상 어색하다. 만한 자료를 공유하는 것을 들며 관계 유지를 위한 투자를 보여주는 것이라고
결론짓는다.
문제 39 문제 151
정답: ④ 정답: ④
change는 앞 문장의 choreographies를 받아 복수 동사로 쓰인 것이 적절 주어진 문장에서는 도시 재생 사업이 주민들의 복지를 향상시키고 환경 불평
하다. 반면, 밑줄 친 change는 앞 문장의 choreographies를 받아 복수 동등 문제를 해결하는 것으로 홍보된다는 내용이 제시된다. (C)에서는 이러한
사로 쓰여야 하므로, 단수 동사 change가 아닌 복수 동사 change로 수정해 환경 개선이 도시 녹지 공간의 역설을 만들 수 있다고 언급하며, 주어진 문장
야 한다. 에 대한 역접의 연결고리 역할을 한다. (B)에서는 새로운 고품질 녹지 공간의
문제 40 창조가 매력도를 증가시켜 주거 환경을 더 바람직하게 만들 수 있다고 설명한
정답: ④ 다. (A)에서는 주택 비용 상승으로 인해 주민들이 임대료를 감당하지 못하게
되어 새로운 녹지 공간으로부터 혜택을 받기로 되어 있던 가난한 이웃 주민들
관계대명사 which는 뒤에 완전한 절이 올 수 없으므로, companies are를 의 배제 또는 이주를 초래할 수 있다고 결론짓는다. 따라서 (C)-(B)-(A) 순서
수식하기 위해 관계부사 where나 that이 와야 한다. 따라서 of which는 of 가 가장 적절하다.
where나 of that으로 수정되어야 한다.
문제 41 문제 152
정답: ② 정답: ④
the appeal of the free stamps가 주어이므로 단수 동사 was가 와야 한 (C)에서는 변화에 대해 논의하기 어려움을 언급하며 문제점을 제기한다. (B)
다. 따라서 were를 was로 수정해야 한다. 에서는 의사의 예시를 통해 신체 기관에 대한 이해 부족을 지적하고, 바다의
경우도 마찬가지임을 설명한다. (A)에서는 크릴 감소 뉴스를 예시로 들며, 바
문제 42 다 생태계에 대한 맥락 이해의 필요성을 강조한다. 따라서 (C)-(B)-(A) 순서
정답: ② 가 자연스럽다.
find oneself trapped는 '갇히게 되다'라는 의미로, 수동의 의미를 갖는 과거 문제 153
분사 trapped가 적절하다. 능동의 의미를 갖는 trapping으로 변경해야 한다.
정답: ③
문제 43 로마가 처음부터 용광로였다는 도입부에 이어, Livy의 주장을 통해 로마의 다
정답: ① 문화적 기원을 설명하는 (C)가 오는 것이 자연스럽다. 이후 로마 왕들의 출신
(A) 감사를 '표현한다'는 의미이므로 express가 적절하다. repress는 '억누 에 대한 전통을 언급하는 (A)가 이어지고, 마지막으로 제국 확장과 함께 문화
르다'라는 의미이다. (B) 당신의 피드백이 우리 서비스를 홍보하는 데 '매우 귀 적 변화를 수용한 (B)가 오는 것이 논리적이다.
중할' 것이라는 의미이므로 invaluable이 적절하다. valueless는 '가치 없 문제 154
는'이라는 의미이다. (C) 기여에 대해 미리 감사드린다는 의미이므로
advance가 적절하다. retreat는 '후퇴'라는 의미이다. 정답: ①
주어진 문장 다음에 'This means that...'으로 시작하는 (C)가 이어져야 하
문제 44 며, (C)에서 구체적인 예시로 gravity를 언급하고, (A)에서 결론을 내리는 것
정답: ① 이 자연스럽다. 따라서 (C)-(B)-(A) 순서가 가장 적절하다.
(A) 차를 주차한 곳을 기억하는 것이 자연스러우므로 remember가 적절하 문제 155
다. (B) 남편이 상황을 알고 웃는 것이 문맥에 맞으므로 laughing이 적절하
다. (C) 차를 찾았을 때 안도감을 느끼는 것이 자연스러우므로 relief가 적절 정답: ④
하다. (C)에서는 대학원 졸업 후 직업을 얻지 못한 상황과 그 후의 활동을 설명한다.
(B)에서는 농사를 시작했지만 시민권 문제로 어려움을 겪고 정치에 관심을 가
문제 45 지게 되는 과정을 보여준다. (A)에서는 시민권을 얻기 위한 노력과 그 결과,
정답: ① 그리고 최종적인 성공을 나타낸다. 따라서 (C)-(B)-(A) 순서가 자연스럽다.
(A) 관계가 정체된다는 의미이므로 'stuck'이 적절하다. (B) 일관적인 소통을 문제 156
유지해야 하므로 'consistent'가 적절하다. (C) 오랜만에 연락하더라도 라는
의미가 되어야 자연스러우므로 'while'이 적절하다. 정답: ②
인간의 진화 방식에 대한 소개 후, 식단 변화에 대한 경고(B)가 이어지고, 전통
문제 46 음식과 가공식품의 비교(A)를 통해 주장을 강화한 뒤, 식단 변화를 겪는 사회
정답: ① 의 어려움을 관찰함으로써 결론(C)을 제시하는 것이 자연스럽다.
(A) 문맥상 도시 재생 사업은 주민들의 복지를 '향상시키는' 것으로 홍보되므 문제 157
로 improving이 적절하다. (B) 새로운 녹지 공간은 매력도를 높여 거주지를
더 '선호하게' 만들므로 desirable이 적절하다. (C) 주민들은 녹색 기반 시설 정답: ④
에 대한 낮은 '접근성'을 가진 유사한 환경의 낙후된 지역에서 살게 될 수 있으 Gen Z의 금융 결정 요인으로 가치관이 중요하다고 언급한 후 (C), 투명성이
므로 access가 적절하다. 중요하다는 (A)가 이어지고, 윤리적 은행 업무가 중요하다는 (B)가 결론적으
로 제시되는 것이 자연스럽다.
문제 47
정답: ⑤ 문제 158
(A) '무엇이 바뀌고 있는지 모르면 논의하는 것이 불가능하다'라는 문맥이므 정답: ②
로 impossible이 적절하다. (B) 환자가 신장에 대해 '흐릿한' 개념은 가지고 주어진 문장 다음에 spinach의 철분 함량에 대한 전설의 기원을 설명하는
있다는 의미가 되어야 하므로 vague가 적절하다. (C) 변화를 논하기 전에 '맥 (B)가 와야 한다. (B)에서는 Gustav von Bunge의 오산으로 인해 전설이 시
락'을 이해해야 한다는 의미이므로 context가 적절하다. 작되었다고 언급하고, (C)에서는 그의 구체적인 실수 내용을 설명한다. 마지
막으로 (A)에서는 오류가 수정되었지만 잊혀지고, 뽀빠이의 영향으로 신화가
문제 48 지속되었다는 내용으로 마무리하는 것이 자연스럽다.
정답: ②
(A) Romulus의 비차별 정책에 이끌려 이민자들이 몰려왔다는 내용이므로 문제 159
'계획적인, 의도적인' 이라는 의미의 deliberate가 적절하다. accidental은 정답: ①
'우연한'이라는 뜻이다. (B) 도시의 전설적인 왕들 중 소수만이 로마 태생이었 제시문은 동물의 수에 대한 판단을 설명하는 용어를 소개하고, (B)에서는 그
다고 언급되었으므로 '소수'라는 의미의 minority가 적절하다. majority는 용어가 제공하지 못하는 정확성에 대해 언급한다. (A)에서는 종에 따른 오차
'대다수'라는 뜻이다. (C) 로마가 새로운 문화적 영향을 받아들이고 유입되는 패턴을 설명하며, (C)에서는 동물의 수 감각 정확도 테스트 시 수의 크기가 중
집단을 '흡수했다'는 내용이므로 absorbed가 적절하다. rejected는 '거부했 요함을 예시와 함께 제시한다. 따라서 (B)-(A)-(C) 순서가 가장 적절하다.
다'라는 뜻이다.
문제 160
문제 49 정답: ①
정답: ② (C)에서는 감정이 어떻게 생각에 영향을 미치는지 일반적인 설명을 제공하고,
(A) 뒤 문장에서 '매우 정확한 형태와 값을 가진다'라고 했으므로 precise가 (A)에서는 시험 상황을 예시로 들어 불안이 어떻게 증가하는지 구체적으로 설
적절하다. imprecise는 '부정확한'이라는 뜻이다. (B) 중력의 '정확한' 값이 명한다. (B)에서는 인지와 감정의 양방향성이 어려운 감정을 조절하는 데 어
먼지와 가스 입자가 뭉쳐 원시별을 형성하도록 했으므로 precise가 적절하 떻게 도움이 되는지 제시하므로, (C)-(A)-(B) 순서가 가장 적절하다.
다. imprecise는 '부정확한'이라는 뜻이다. (C) 유기화학에 기반한 생명체가 문제 161
시작될 수 없었을 것이므로 started가 적절하다. ended는 '끝나다'라는 뜻이 정답: ②
다. CA가 무엇이 아닌지를 소개한 후(C), 구체적인 예시와 주장을 펼치고(B), 결
문제 50 론적으로 CA에 따른 동물의 권리에 대해 설명하는(A) 순서가 자연스럽다.
정답: ④ 문제 162
(A) 대학원에 '다니기' 위해 미국으로 갔다는 내용이므로 attend가 적절하다. 정답: ①
ignore는 '무시하다'라는 뜻이다. (B) 미국 시민권이 없이는 땅을 살 수 '없었 소셜 미디어가 자서전적 기억을 촉진하는 중요한 맥락을 제공한다는 도입부
다'는 내용이므로 able이 적절하다. unable은 '할 수 없는'이라는 뜻이다. (C) 에 이어, 소셜 미디어에 게시된 개인적인 사건이 더 잘 기억된다는 (C)가 오는
법안이 통과되었다는 내용이므로 passed가 적절하다. rejected는 '거절 것이 자연스럽다. 그 후, 온라인 공유가 기억에 미치는 긍정적인 영향에 대한
된'이라는 뜻이다. 이유를 설명하는 (B)가 이어지고, 온라인 피드백 및 기술적 특징이 기억 단서
문제 51 역할을 한다는 (A)가 결론적으로 제시되는 것이 가장 적절하다.
정답: ③ 문제 163
(A) 식단을 바꾸는 것은 영양에 대한 실험을 '수행하는' 것이므로
conducting이 적절하다. neglecting은 '소홀히 하다'라는 뜻이다. (B) 현대 정답:
주어진
④
문장 다음에 multisensory experiences에 대한 더 자세한 설명이
식단에 잘 맞는 가공식품이 전통 음식보다 선호되어서는 안 된다는 내용이므 필요하므로, ordinary experiences를 언급하며 감각적인 세계를 보여주는
로, do가 적절하다. undo는 '원상태로 돌리다'라는 뜻이다. (C) 꿀이 인공 감 (C)가 와야 한다.
미료보다 '우월하다'고 보는 것이 적절하므로, superior가 적절하다. inferior 향을 미치는 소리에그 대한 후 식사 경험을 예시로 드는 (A)가 오고, 식사 경험에 영
부연 설명인 (B)가 오는 것이 가장 자연스럽다.
는 '열등한'이라는 뜻이다.
문제 52 문제 164
정답: ① 정답: ③
(A)는 Gen Z의 재정적 결정을 이끄는 요인이므로 driving이 적절하다. (B)는 (B)에서는 'Right'와 'Left'의 반대 개념에 대한 예시를 제시하고, (A)에서는
Gen Z가 책임감이 부족한 기업에 회의적이므로 lack이 적절하다. (C)는 사 'Yes'와 'No'의 논리적 연결에 대한 예시를 제시한다. (C)에서는 (A)에서 언급
회적으로 책임감 있는 투자를 제공하는 은행이 Gen Z의 관심을 끌 것이므로 된 혼란에 대한 구체적인 내용과 해결 과정을 설명하므로 (B)-(A)-(C) 순서가
attract이 적절하다. 가장 적절하다.
문제 53 문제 165
정답: ③ 정답: ③
(A) 지속된다는 의미의 'persists'가 문맥상 적절하다. 'desists'는 '그만두 주어진 문장은 인간이 가장 사회적인 동물이 아니라는 내용으로, (C)에서 벌,
다'라는 의미이다. (B) 오류가 수정되었다는 의미의 'corrected'가 문맥상 적 개미, 흰개미 등 곤충의 사회성을 언급하며 이를 뒷받침한다. (B)에서는 곤충
절하다. 'protected'는 '보호되었다'라는 의미이다. (C) 기여했다는 의미의 들의 행동 양상이 유전적으로 결정되어 예측 가능하다는 점을 설명하고, (A)
'contributed'가 문맥상 적절하다. 'distributed'는 '분배했다'라는 의미이다. 에서는 인간은 유전적 프로그래밍에 덜 영향을 받아 사회적 패턴이 더 다양하
고 역동적이라는 점을 대조적으로 제시한다. 따라서 (C)-(B)-(A) 순서가 가장
문제 54 자연스럽다.
정답: ④ 문제 166
(A) 문맥상 '정확성'을 제공하지 못한다는 의미가 적절하므로 precision이 맞 정답: ⑤
다. ambiguity는 '모호성'이라는 뜻이다. (B) 다섯부터는 구별하는 데 '실 (C)에서는 기업이 소비를 늘리기 위한 방법을 소개하고, 음식을 예시로 든다.
패'하기 시작한다는 의미가 적절하므로 fail이 맞다. succeed는 '성공하다'라 (A)에서는 음식 외의 제품에 대한 소비를 유지하기 위한 방법을 제시하며, 유
는 뜻이다. (C) 숫자의 크기가 중요하다는 의미가 적절하므로 matters가 맞 행에 뒤쳐지게 만드는 전략을 언급한다. (B)에서는 패션 산업을 예시로 들어
다. ignores는 '무시하다'라는 뜻이다. 마케팅 부서의 창의성이 소비를 자극하는 방식을 설명한다. 따라서 (C)-(A)-
문제 55 (B) 순서가 가장 적절하다.
정답: ① 문제 167
(A) 감정의 핵심 구성 요소로서 'component'가 적절하다. 'opposite'는 반 정답: ①
대 의미이므로 부적절하다. (B) 시험을 못 본다고 생각하면 불안감이 주어진 문장 다음에 고객들이 보상 카드를 받는 상황(C)이 제시되고, 그 다음
'increased'(증가)하는 것이 자연스럽다. 'decreased'(감소)는 문맥에 맞지 에 10개 또는 12개 슬롯이 있는 카드에 대한 설명(B)이 이어져야 한다. 마지
않다. (C) 감정과 인지를 분리할 수 없다는 의미에서 'apart'(분리되어)가 적 막으로, 미리 채워진 슬롯에 대한 매력과 그로 인한 행동 변화(A)가 오는 것이
절하다. 'together'(함께)는 반대 의미이므로 부적절하다. 자연스럽다.
문제 56 문제 168
정답: ④ 정답: ②
(A) 문맥상 동물 정의에 열정적인 변호사들이 관심을 가져야 하므로 'care'가 창의성의 정의를 소개한 후, AI의 위험성을 언급(B)하고, AI에 대한 의존이 초
적절하다. (B) 인간의 삶의 형태는 각 동물이 필요로 하고 받아야 할 것을 생각 래할 수 있는 결과(A)를 설명하며, 창작 과정의 중요성과 AI의 즉각적인 해결
할 때 관련이 없다는 의미이므로 'irrelevant'가 적절하다. (C) 각 지각 있는 책이 미치는 부정적인 영향(C)을 강조하는 순서가 자연스럽다.
생명체는 자신의 특징적인 삶의 형태 안에서 번성할 기회를 가져야 한다는 의
미이므로 'flourish'가 적절하다. 문제 169
문제 57 정답: ②
정답: ⑤ (A)에는 '당신이 지난 여름에 우리와 여행했기 때문에'라는 이유를 바탕으로
요청을 시작하는 내용이므로, '따라서' 또는 '그러므로'와 유사한 의미의 연결
(A)는 자전적 기억을 '촉진'한다는 의미가 적절하므로 facilitate가 맞다. (B) 어가 적절하다. (B)에는 '당신의 기여에 미리 감사드린다'는 말에 덧붙여 팀원
는 사건의 특징과 '무관하게' 기억된다는 의미가 적절하므로 irrespective가 이 곧 연락할 것이라는 추가 정보를 제공하므로, '게다가', '더욱이'와 같은 첨
맞다. (C)는 공유되지 않은 사건은 '접근 불가능'해진다는 의미가 적절하므로 가를 나타내는 연결어가 적절하다. 따라서 (A)에는 Accordingly, (B)에는
inaccessible이 맞다. Furthermore가 가장 적절하다.
문제 58 문제 170
정답: ④ 정답: ⑤
(A) 문맥상 '당연하게 여기다'라는 의미의 granted가 적절하다. rejected는 (A)에는 앞선 상황에 대한 결과로 전화를 걸었다는 내용이 이어지므로 '결과
'거부하다'라는 의미이다. (B) 문맥상 '드러내다'라는 의미의 reveals가 적절 적으로'에 해당하는 Consequently가 적절하다. (B)에는 모든 상황이 해결된
하다. conceals는 '숨기다'라는 의미이다. (C) 문맥상 '영향을 미치다'라는 의 후 안도하며 차로 걸어갔다는 내용이 이어지므로 '마침내'에 해당하는 Finally
미의 influence가 적절하다. ignore는 '무시하다'라는 의미이다. 가 적절하다.
문제 59 문제 171
정답: ⑤ 정답: ③
(A) 아이들은 반대의 원리를 모른다는 내용이므로 foreign이 적절하다. (B) (A)에는 예시를 나타내는 연결어 For example이, (B)에는 첨가를 나타내는
'Right'는 'Left'의 반대라는 내용이므로 opposite가 적절하다. (C) 부모님의 연결어 Moreover가 적절하다. 따라서 정답은 ③이다.
말씀에 아이들이 혼란스러워했다는 내용이므로 confused가 적절하다.
문제 172
문제 60 정답: ②
정답: ③ (A)에는 앞 문장의 내용과 상반되는 내용을 이끌어내는 'However'가 적절하
(A) 인간은 곤충보다 자유롭고 유전적으로 덜 프로그램되어 사회적 패턴이 더 고, (B)에는 앞 문장의 결과에 대한 대조적인 상황을 제시하는 'By
다양하다는 내용이므로 diverse가 적절하다. similar는 문맥에 어울리지 않 contrast'가 적절하다.
는다. (B) 각 그룹은 약간 다른 춤을 추고, 이러한 안무는 세대를 거쳐 변한다
는 내용이므로 change가 적절하다. persist는 문맥에 어울리지 않는다. (C) 문제 173
인간의 사회적 패턴은 본성뿐만 아니라 양육에 의해 형성된다는 내용이므로 정답: ④
nurture가 적절하다. nature는 문맥상 반대되는 의미이다. (A)에는 예를 들어 크릴의 감소에 대한 뉴스 기사를 언급하며, 이는 일반적인
문제 61 상황에 대한 예시를 제시하므로 'For example'이 적절하다. (B)에는 크릴이
해양 엔진의 일부라는 점을 강조하며, 변화에 대한 논의와 적절한 조치를 위해
정답: ② 서는 맥락을 이해해야 한다는 점을 덧붙여 설명하므로 'Moreover'가 적절하
(A) 문맥상 '소비하다'라는 의미의 consume이 적절하다. conserve는 '보존 다.
하다'라는 뜻이다. (B) 문맥상 '만들어내다'라는 의미의 invent가 적절하다.
ignore는 '무시하다'라는 뜻이다. (C) 문맥상 '기능적인'이라는 의미의 문제 174
functionable이 적절하다. dysfunctional은 '기능 장애의'라는 뜻이다. 정답: ⑤
문제 62 (A)에는 앞 문장의 내용이 원인이 되어 뒤의 결과가 나타난다는 인과 관계를
나타내는 'As'가 적절하다. (B)에는 앞 문장의 내용을 예시로 부연 설명하는
정답: ⑤ 'for example'이 적절하다.
(A) 문맥상 동일한 보상 프로그램이라는 의미가 적절하므로 identical이 적절
하다. (B) 무료 스탬프의 매력이 높았다는 의미가 자연스러우므로 appeal이 문제 175
적절하다. (C) 보상에 더 가까워졌다고 믿었기 때문에 동기 부여가 되었다는 정답: ①
의미가 적절하므로 Believing이 적절하다. (A)에는 앞 문장의 내용에 대한 예시를 제시하는 'For instance'가 적절하고,
문제 63 (B)에는 앞 문장과 상반되는 내용을 연결하는 'however'가 적절하다.
정답: ④ 문제 176
(A) 창의적 노력을 위한 도구로 사용될 수 있다는 내용이므로 powerful이 적 정답: ③
절하다. (B) AI가 기존 데이터를 기반으로 학습하여 진정한 독창성이 부족한 (A)에는 앞 문장의 결과에 대한 대안으로 농사를 시작했다는 내용이 오는 것
결과물을 만들 수 있다는 의미이므로 lack이 적절하다. (C) AI가 콘텐츠 생성 이 적절하므로 Instead가 적절하고, (B)에는 시민권을 얻은 결과로 의회에 선
을 쉽게 함으로써 어려움과 실험을 저해한다는 내용이므로 discourage가 적 출되었다는 내용이 오는 것이 적절하므로 Consequently가 적절하다.
절하다.
문제 64 문제 177
정답: ③
정답: ① (A) 앞 문장은 전통 음식을 가공 식품보다 선택해야 한다는 일반적인 주장을
문맥상 '계속적인 신뢰와 충성'에 대한 감사를 표현하는 내용이므로, '불신'을 제시하고, (A) 뒤에는 구체적인 예를 들어 뒷받침하므로 For example이 적
의미하는 distrust는 적절하지 않다. trust가 적절하다. 절하다. (B) 앞 문장은 전통적인 식단에서 벗어난 식단이 너무 멀리 갔는지 의
문제 65 문을 제기해야 한다는 내용이고, (B) 뒤에는 전통적인 식습관에 내재된 지혜
를 고려해야 한다는 내용으로 추가적인 주장을 하고 있으므로, Furthermore
정답: ③ 가 적절하다.
글의 흐름상 마지막 문장은 모든 것이 괜찮다는 내용이므로, 'awful(끔찍
한)'은 문맥에 맞지 않다. 'fine(괜찮은)'과 같은 긍정적인 의미의 단어가 와야 문제 178
적절하다. 정답: ①
문제 66 (A)에는 앞 문장의 내용에 대한 예시를 드는 연결어가 와야 하므로 'for
example'이 적절하고, (B)에는 앞 문장에 더하여 추가적인 정보를 제공하는
정답: ① 연결어가 와야 하므로 'Moreover'가 적절하다.
문맥상 관계를 유지하고 강화하는 내용이므로, '약화시키다'라는 의미의 문제 179
undermining은 적절하지 않다. strengthen이나 maintaining과 같은 단어 정답: ②
가 적절하다. (A)에는 앞 문장에 대한 예시를 도입하는 'For example'이, (B)에는 앞 내용
문제 67 에 추가적인 정보를 제공하는 'Moreover'가 적절하다.
정답: ① 문제 180
새로운 녹지 공간이 매력도를 감소시킨다는 것은 문맥상 어색하므로 정답: ②
increase로 바꿔야 한다. (A)에는 앞 문장의 결과에 대한 내용이 이어지므로 '그러므로'에 해당하는
문제 68 therefore가 적절하다. (B)에는 앞 내용에 대한 강조가 이어지므로 '정말
정답: ⑤ 로'에 해당하는 Indeed가 적절하다.
문맥상 '변화에 대해 논하고 적절한 조치를 취하기 전에 최소한 어느 정도의 문제 181
맥락을 이해해야 한다'가 되어야 자연스럽다. 따라서 '맥락'이라는 의미의
'context'가 와야 하므로, '고립'이라는 의미의 'isolation'은 적절하지 않다. 정답: ①
(A) 뒤에는 시험 상황에 대한 예시가 제시되므로 'For instance'가 적절하다.
문제 69 (B) 앞에서는 인지 방식을 바꾸는 것을 통해 감정을 조절할 수 있다고 언급하
정답: ③ 고, 뒤에서는 생각하는 방식을 변화시킴으로써 감정을 변화시킬 수 있다는 결
문화적 변화의 빠른 속도에 대해 불평했다는 내용이므로, 'stagnation(정 론을 내리므로 'Therefore'가 적절하다.
체)'은 문맥상 적절하지 않다. cultural change가 적절하다. 문제 182
문제 70 정답: ②
정답: ② (A)에는 앞 문장의 내용을 강조하고 부연하는 'Indeed'가 적절하다. (B)에는
문맥상 생명체가 시작될 수 없었다는 의미가 되어야 하므로 'ceased(중단되 결론을 이끌어내는 'Thus'가 적절하다. 따라서 정답은 ②이다.
었다)'는 적절하지 않다. 'started(시작되었다)'와 같은 긍정적인 의미의 단어 문제 183
가 와야 한다. 정답: ④
문제 71 (A)의 앞 문장은 소셜 미디어에 게시된 이벤트 세부 정보가 기억에 도움이 된
정답: ② 다는 내용이고, (A) 뒤에는 소셜 미디어에 공유된 이벤트 세부 정보가 시간이
Dalip Singh Saund는 미국 시민권을 얻기 위해 노력했고, 후에 미국 하원에 지남에 a
따라 안정화되고 기억된다는 내용이므로 '결과적으로'에 해당하는 'As
result'가 적절하다. (B)의 앞 문장은 소셜 미디어에 공유된 정보는 기억된
선출되었으므로 'rejected(거부된)'는 문맥상 적절하지 않다. elected(선출 다는 내용이고, (B) 뒤에는 공유되지 않은 정보는 잊혀질 수 있다는 내용이므
된)가 적절하다. 로, 대조를 나타내는 'whereas'가 적절하다.
문제 72 문제 184
정답: ③ 정답: ⑤
꿀이 인공 감미료보다 좋다는 내용이므로, inferior(열등한)는 superior(우월 (A) 앞 문장에서는 감각 경험을 당연하게 여긴다고 언급하고, (A) 뒤에서는 평
한)로 바뀌어야 문맥상 적절하다. 범한 경험도 자세히 보면 특별하다고 말하므로, 앞뒤 문장은 반대되는 내용이
문제 73 다. 따라서 However가 적절하다. (B) 앞 문장에서는 음식의 질감, 맛, 냄새
등이 식사 경험에 영향을 준다고 언급하고, (B) 뒤에서는 소리가 식사 경험에
정답: ② 영향을 준다고 말하므로, 첨가하는 내용이다. 따라서 Furthermore가 적절하
Gen Z의 관심을 끌어야 하므로, 'distract(주의를 딴 데로 돌리다)'는 문맥상 다.
적절하지 않다. 'attract(끌다)'가 적절하다.
문제 185
문제 74 정답: ①
정답: ① (A) 뒤에는 'Right'와 'Left'의 반대 관계가 명확하지 않다는 예시가 제시되므
말린 시금치에는 생 시금치보다 철분이 10배 더 많이 들어있다는 내용이므로, 로 '예를 들어'가 적절하다. (B) 뒤에는 'Yes'와 'No'의 논리적 연결에 대한 예
less는 문맥상 적절하지 않다. 시가 이어지므로 '예를 들어'가 적절하다.
문제 75 문제 186
정답: ③ 정답: ④
동물의 수 감각 정확성을 테스트할 때, 숫자의 크기가 중요하다는 내용이므로 (A)에는 인간의 사회적 패턴이 유전적 요인보다는 양육에 의해 형성된다는 내
'disregards(무시한다)'는 문맥에 맞지 않다. 'matters(중요하다)'가 적절하 용이 들어가야 하므로, 예시를 들기 위한 'For example'이 적절하다. (B)에는
다. 곤충 군집의 사회성과 인간의 사회성이 다르다는 대조적인 내용이 와야 하므
문제 76 로 'However'가 적절하다.
정답: ④ 문제 187
문맥상 '준비된' 상태를 의미하는 'ready'가 적절하다. 시험에 대한 긍정적인 정답: ②
생각을 통해 불안감을 조절하고 시험을 잘 볼 수 있다는 맥락이므로, (A) 앞 문장에서 고객을 정의하고, 뒷 문장에서 기업이 고객의 소비를 늘리기
'unready'는 문맥에 맞지 않다. 위해 여러 방법을 고안했다는 내용이 나오므로 인과 관계를 나타내는
문제 77 'Therefore(그러므로)'가 적절하다. (B) 앞 문장에서 패션 산업이 옷을 계속
구매하게 만든다는 내용이 나오고, 뒤에서는 패션이 옷뿐만 아니라 다른 분야
정답: ④ 로 확장된다는 예시가 제시되므로 'For example(예를 들어)'가 적절하다.
CA에 따르면 모든 지각 있는 생명체는 그 종에 고유한 삶의 형태 안에서 번성 문제 188
할 기회를 가져야 한다고 주장하므로, '줄어들다'라는 의미의 diminish는 문 정답: ②
맥에 맞지 않다. flourish(번성하다)가 적절하다. (A)에는 앞 문장과 대조되는 내용이 이어지므로 However가 적절하다. (B)에
문제 78 는 앞 문장의 내용을 구체적으로 예시하는 내용이 이어지므로 For example
정답: ④ 이 적절하다.
소셜 미디어에 공유된 사건의 세부 사항은 시간이 지남에 따라 안정화되고 기 문제 189
억될 가능성이 높으므로, 'obscured(가려지는)'는 문맥상 적절하지 않다. 정답: ⑤
stabilized(안정화되는)가 적절하다. (A) 앞 문장은 AI가 창작의 한계를 만들 수 있다는 내용이고, (A) 뒤에는 AI가
문제 79 콘텐츠를 쉽게 생성하여 어려움과 실험을 막는다는 내용이므로, 첨가를 나타
정답: ③ 내는 Moreover가 적절하다. (B) 앞 문장은 AI가 즉각적인 해결책을 제공하
음식 섭취 경험은 다양한 감각적 요소에 의해 영향을 받는데, 'diminish(줄이 여의적시행착오를
재능의
통한 학습 과정을 저해한다는 내용이고, (B) 뒤에는 진정한 창
발달을 저해한다는 결과가 이어지므로, ultimately가 적절하다.
다, 감소시키다)'는 문맥상 적절하지 않다. 'influence(영향을 주다)'와 같이
긍정적인 영향을 나타내는 단어가 와야 자연스럽다. 문제 190
문제 80 정답: ①
정답: ② Lomos Tours는 새로운 광고 캠페인을 계획하고 있으며 Kelly 씨의 여행 경
아이들이 자전거를 탈 때, '왼쪽으로 가지 마'라는 말을 들으면 오른쪽으로 자 험을 것이기
공유해 줄 것을 요청하는데, 그의 피드백이 서비스 홍보에 매우 중요할
때문이다.
동으로 '돌아가지' 않는다는 의미가 되어야 하므로, 'avoid(피하다)'는 문맥상
적절하지 않다. 'turn(돌다)'과 같은 단어가 적절하다. 문제 191
문제 81 정답: ④
정답: ④ 이야기는 쇼핑 후 차를 찾지 못하는 혼란스러운 상황에서 시작하여, 자신의 차
인간의 사회적 패턴은 유전적으로 덜 프로그램화되어 있기 때문에 예측 가능 가라서아닌(A)에는 남편의 차를 운전했다는 사실을 깨닫고 안도하는 결말로 이어진다. 따
'bewilderment(당혹감)', (B)에는 'relieving(안도감을 주
하게 '유지'되는 것이 아니라, 양육에 의해 더 많이 형성된다는 내용이므로 는)'이 가장 적절하다.
maintain은 문맥상 적절하지 않다. recur(되풀이되다)로 변경해야 한다.
문제 82 문제 192
정답: ④ 정답: ⑤
문맥상 'marketing(마케팅)' 부서가 와야 자연스러우므로 'production(생 장기적인 관계를 유지하기 위해 일관된 소통을 유지하고, 관계에 대한 투자를
산)'은 적절하지 않다. 보여주는 것이 중요하다는 내용이므로, 빈칸 (A)에는 communication, (B)
에는 investment가 가장 적절하다.
문제 83 문제 193
정답: ③ 정답: ③
고객들은 목표에 더 가까워졌다고 느껴야 하므로 'distant(먼)'는 문맥에 맞지 도시 재생 사업이 주민들의 복지를 향상시키려 하지만, 주거 비용 상승으로 인
않으며, 'finished(완료된)'와 같은 단어로 대체되어야 한다. 해 원래 거주민들이 밀려나고 비슷한 환경의 열악한 지역으로 되돌아가는 결
문제 84 과를 초래할 수 있다는 내용이므로, 빈칸 (A)에는 'displacement(밀려
정답: ③ 남)'가, (B)에는 'return(되돌아감)'이 가장 적절하다.
문맥상 AI가 즉각적인 해결책을 제공하면 시행착오를 통한 학습 과정을 저해 문제 194
하여 진정한 창의적 재능의 발달을 저해한다는 내용이므로, 'fostering(촉진 정답: ⑤
하다)'은 'inhibiting(저해하다)'과 같은 뉘앙스의 단어로 바뀌어야 한다. 해양 변화에 대해 논의하고 적절하게 대처하기 위해서는 해양 시스템이 어떻
문제 85 게 기능하는지, 그리고 그것의 구성 요소에 대한 기본적인 이해가 필수적이다.
정답: ② (A)에는 '이해(understanding)'가, (B)에는 '구성 요소(components)'가 가
장 적절하다.
Lomos Tours에서 고객에게 여행 경험을 공유해 줄 것을 요청하는 내용이므
로, 'Lomos Tours와 함께한 여행 경험 공유 요청'이 글의 제목으로 가장 적 문제 195
절하다. 정답: ②
문제 86 로마의 초기 성공은 이민에 대한 포용적인 접근 방식 덕분이며, 이는 다양한
정답: ⑤ 문화적 영향을 수용하고 성장에 기여했음을 의미한다. inclusive는 포용적인,
embrace는 수용하다라는 의미로 문맥상 적절하다.
글은 쇼핑 후 차를 찾지 못해 남편에게 전화했지만, 결국 자신의 차가 아닌 남
편의 차를 몰고 왔다는 사실을 깨닫는 상황을 묘사한다. 따라서 '혼란스러운 문제 196
순간: 내 차를 잘못 둔 이야기'가 글의 제목으로 가장 적절하다. 정답: ⑤
문제 87 우주의 물리 법칙과 상수들이 생명체의 진화를 위해 설계된 것은 아니지만, 그
정답: ③ 정확한 형태와 값들이 생명체의 출현을 가능하게 하며, 아주 작은 일탈도 생명
체를 불가능하게 할 수 있다는 내용이므로, (A)에는 '허용하다'라는 의미의
지문의 핵심 내용은 장기적인 관계 유지를 위해 지속적인 소통이 중요하다는 permit, (B)에는 '일탈'이라는 의미의 deviations가 적절하다.
것이다. 따라서 '지속적인 소통: 지속적인 관계의 핵심'이 제목으로 가장 적절
하다. 문제 197
문제 88 정답: ②
정답: ① Dalip Singh Saund는 국적의 제약에도 불구하고 인도 이민자들의 시민권
지문의 핵심 내용은 도시 재생 사업이 의도와는 달리 저소득층 주민을 내쫓고 획득을
다는
옹호하고 미국 의회에서 최초의 아시아인으로서 새로운 지평을 열었
내용이므로, 빈칸 (A)에는 'nationality(국적)'가, 빈칸 (B)에는
환경 불평등을 심화시키는 역설적인 상황을 초래할 수 있다는 것이다. 따라서 'ground(지평, 토대)'가 적절하다.
'도시 녹지 공간의 역설: 환경 정의인가, 이주인가?'가 제목으로 가장 적절하
다. 문제 198
문제 89 정답: ③
정답: ⑤ 전통적인 식습관의 근본적인 이유를 이해하고, 고도로 가공된 대체 식품보다
바다에 대한 이해가 의미 있는 행동을 위한 전제 조건이라는 내용이므로, 제목 전통 음식을 선택해야 한다는 내용이므로, (A)에는 '근본적인'이라는 의미의
underlying이, (B)에는 '가공된'이라는 의미의 processed가 적절하다. 따라
으로 가장 적절하다. 서 정답은 ③이다.
문제 90 문제 199
정답: ① 정답: ②
로마가 처음부터 다문화적인 용광로였으며, 이러한 개방성이 도시의 성공에 Gen Z 세대는 개인적인 가치관에 따라 금융 결정을 내리며, 금융 기관의 투명
기여했다는 내용이 글의 핵심 주제이므로, 'Rome: A Multicultural 성과 윤리적 경영을 중요하게 생각한다는 내용이므로, (A)에는 '개인적인'을
Success Story from the Beginning'이 제목으로 가장 적절하다. 의미하는 personal이, (B)에는 '투명성'을 의미하는 transparency가 가장
문제 91 적절하다.
정답: ③ 문제 200
지문은 물리 법칙과 상수들의 정확한 형태와 값이 생명체의 진화를 가능하게 정답: ⑤
했다는 내용이므로, '정확한 물리 법칙: 생명 진화의 토대'가 제목으로 가장 적 구스타프 본 분게의 계산 실수로 시작된 시금치의 철분 함량에 대한 잘못된 정
절하다. 보가 어떻게 식습관에 영향을 미칠 수 있는지를 보여주는 내용이므로, (A)에
문제 92 는 'error(오류)'가, (B)에는 'affect(영향을 미치다)'가 가장 적절하다.
정답: ④ 문제 201
Dalip Singh Saund의 삶, 특히 미국으로의 이민, 시민권 획득 노력, 그리고 정답: ①
결국 미국 의회 의원이 된 여정을 포괄적으로 나타내는 제목이다. 동물의 숫자 판단 시스템은 정확성이 부족하며, 수량이 커질수록 오차가 증가
문제 93 한다는 내용이므로 precision(정확성)과 size(크기)가 가장 적절하다.
정답: ② 문제 202
이 글은 전통적인 음식이 현대의 가공식품보다 나을 수 있으며, 식단을 바꿀 정답: ②
때 신중해야 함을 강조한다. 따라서 전통 음식의 지혜를 재고해야 한다는 제목 지문은 인지와 감정의 상호작용을 설명하며, 인지 방식을 변화시켜 어려운 감
이 가장 적절하다. 정을 조절할 수 있음을 시사한다. 따라서 (A)에는 '인지적인'이라는 의미의
문제 94 cognitive, (B)에는 '조절'이라는 의미의 adjustment가 적절하다.
정답: ② 문제 203
Gen Z의 금융 결정에 영향을 미치는 핵심 요소인 가치, 투명성, 윤리를 포괄 정답: ①
적으로 다루므로 글의 제목으로 가장 적절하다.
CA는 동물을 인간과의 유사성이 아닌, 각자의 삶의 형태에 따라 번성할 기회
문제 95 를 가져야 한다고 강조한다. similarity(유사성)와 flourishing(번성)이 문맥
정답: ① 상 가장 적절하다.
이 글은 시금치 속 철분 함량에 대한 잘못된 정보가 어떻게 신화가 되어 지속 문제 204
되는지를 보여준다. 따라서 '신화의 지속적인 힘: 시금치 철분 이야기'가 제목 정답: ③
으로 가장 적절하다. 소셜 미디어에 개인적인 경험을 공유하는 것은 반복과 피드백을 통해 기억을
문제 96 강화하는 반면, 공유되지 않은 사건은 시간이 지남에 따라 잊혀지기 쉽다는 내
정답: ② 용이므로, (A)에는 'enhances(강화하다)'가, (B)에는 'forgotten(잊혀진)'이
동물의 수 판단 능력인 '대략적 숫자 체계'는 정확성이 떨어지며, 숫자가 커질 적절하다.
수록 정확도가 감소한다는 내용이므로, 이를 포괄하는 제목이 가장 적절하다. 문제 205
문제 97 정답: ⑤
정답: ③ 식사와 같은 일상적인 경험은 시각, 미각, 청각 신호를 포함한 다양한 감각 신
지문은 감정과 인지가 서로 분리될 수 없으며, 인지가 감정에 영향을 미치고, 호의 통합이 전체 경험을 풍부하게 한다는 내용이므로, 빈칸 (A)에는 '통합
(integration)'이, 빈칸 (B)에는 '풍부하게 하다(enriches)'가 가장 적절하다.
감정 또한 인지에 영향을 미치는 양방향 관계임을 설명하고, 이러한 관계를 이
용하여 감정을 조절할 수 있다고 주장한다. 따라서 '인지와 감정: 감정 조절을 문제 206
위한 양방향 통로'가 제목으로 가장 적절하다. 정답: ④
문제 98 아이들은 반대 개념을 이해하는 능력이 선천적이지 않으며, 단어와 의미 사이
정답: ⑤ 의 연결을 이해하면서 발달한다는 내용이므로, (A)에는 'opposites(반대)',
(B)에는 'comprehend(이해하다)'가 가장 적절하다.
이 글은 Capabilities Approach (CA)를 통해 동물을 이해하는 것에 대한 내 문제 207
용이므로, 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은 'Understanding Animals Through 정답: ②
the Capabilities Approach'이다. 다른 선택지들은 지문의 부분적인 내용이 곤충의 사회적 행동은 유전적, 페로몬적 소인에 기반하는 반면, 인간의 사회적
나 오해를 담고 있다. 패턴은 환경적 영향과 문화적 변화에 따라 더 잘 적응한다는 내용이므로, (A)
문제 99 에는 'predispositions(소인)', (B)에는 'adaptable(적응 가능한)'이 가장 적
정답: ② 절하다.
소셜 미디어가 개인의 기억을 유지하는 데 도움을 준다는 내용이므로, 제목으 문제 208
로 가장 적절하다. 정답: ②
문제 100 기업은 이익을 늘리기 위해 제품을 구식으로 보이게 만들어 고객의 지속적인
정답: ⑤ 소비를 장려하는 전략을 사용한다는 내용이므로 obsolete(구식의)와
이 글은 일상적인 식사 경험이 시각, 촉각, 미각, 후각, 청각 등 다양한 감각의 continuous(지속적인)가 가장 적절하다.
융합으로 이루어져 있으며, 이러한 감각들이 식사 경험을 풍부하게 만든다는 문제 209
내용을 담고 있다. 따라서 '다감각적 융합: 우리의 감각이 식사 경험을 어떻게 정답: ①
풍부하게 만드는가'가 글의 제목으로 가장 적절하다. 미리 채워진 보너스 스탬프가 초기 진행 상황에 대한 착각을 불러일으켜 고객
문제 101 의 동기를 향상시킨다는 내용이므로, 빈칸 (A)에는 'initial(초기의)'이, 빈칸
정답: ② (B)에는 'boost(향상시키다)'가 가장 적절하다.
이 글은 아이들이 반대의 개념을 이해하는 것이 발달 과정에서 중요한 단계임 문제 210
을 설명하고 있다. 아이들이 단어와 의미를 개별적으로 인식하다가 나중에 단 정답: ②
어들이 서로 연결되어 있음을 이해하게 되는 과정을 예시를 통해 보여준다. 따 AI에 대한 과도한 의존은 혁신을 제한하고 시행착오의 반복적인 과정을 저해
라서 제목으로 '반대 개념 이해: 아이들의 발달 이정표'가 가장 적절하다. 하여 진정한 창의성 발달을 막을 수 있다는 내용이므로, (A)에는 '혁신
문제 102 (innovation)'이, (B)에는 '반복적인(iterative)'이 가장 적절하다.
정답: ③ 문제 211
지문은 인간의 사회적 패턴이 곤충과 달리 유전적 요인보다는 양육, 즉 환경적 정답: -
요인에 의해 더 많이 형성된다는 점을 강조한다. 따라서 '인간의 사회적 패턴: 주어진 단어들을 이용하여 미래 시제(will)와 수동태(be in touch with)를 사
자연보다 양육에 의해 더 많이 형성됨'이 글의 주제를 가장 잘 나타낸다. 용하여 문장을 완성한다. '곧'이라는 의미의 부사 shortly는 will be in touch
문제 103 사이에 위치하여 문장의 의미를 강조한다.
정답: ② 문제 212
기업이 고객으로 하여금 더 많이 소비하도록 유도하는 방법에 대한 내용이므 정답: -
로, '소비의 기술: 기업이 우리를 더 많이 사도록 만드는 방법'이 글의 제목으로 'Everything was fine after all'은 '모든 것이 결국 괜찮았다'라는 의미로, 주
가장 적절하다. 어진 단어들을 사용하여 문맥에 맞게 배열하면 된다. 'Everything'이 주어,
문제 104 'was'가 동사, 'fine'이 보어 역할을 하며, 'after all'은 '결국'이라는 의미를 더
정답: ① 한다.
이 글은 가짜 진전이 사람들에게 동기 부여를 제공하는 방식에 대해 설명한다. 문제 213
미리 채워진 보상 카드를 받은 사람들이 더 빨리 목표를 달성하려는 경향을 보 정답: -
이는 현상을 통해, 약간의 유리한 시작이 목표 달성에 미치는 긍정적인 영향을 - 'This shows that'으로 시작하여 '이것은 ~을 보여준다'라는 의미를 나타
강조한다. 낸다. - 'you are thinking of them'은 '당신이 그들을 생각하고 있다'라는 현
문제 105 재 진행형으로 표현한다. - 'are invested in maintaining the
정답: ② relationship'은 '관계를 유지하는 데 관심이 있다'라는 의미로, be invested
AI가 창의성에 미치는 양면적인 영향, 즉 도움을 줄 수도 있지만 독창성을 제 in ~ing 구문을 사용한다.
한할 수도 있다는 내용이 글의 핵심 주제이므로, '양날의 검: AI가 창의성과 독 문제 214
창성에 미치는 영향'이 제목으로 가장 적절하다. 정답: -
문제 106 As a result (결과적으로)로 시작하여 주어(the residents) + 동사(may
정답: ① only be able to afford) + to 부정사(to live)의 어순으로 문장을 구성한다.
문맥상 광고에 사용할 경험담을 공유해 줄 수 있는지 묻는 것이 자연스러우므 in났던a similar
것과 유사한
degraded neighbourhood to the one they left (그들이 떠
황폐한 지역에서)는 'to' 이하를 사용하여 관계를 명확히 한
로 '경험에 대해 몇 마디 공유해 줄 의향이 있는지'가 빈칸에 가장 적절하다. 다. with low access to green infrastructure (녹색 기반 시설에 대한 접
문제 107 근성이 낮은)는 부가적인 정보를 제공하며, 전체 문장의 의미를 완성한다.
정답: ⑤ 문제 215
이야기의 결론 부분으로, 차를 찾고 나서 모든 것이 괜찮아졌다는 내용이 빈칸 정답: -
에 들어가는 것이 가장 적절하다. There is 구문으로 시작하여 '훨씬 더 많은 것'이라는 의미를 강조한다. 'far
문제 108 more'는 '훨씬 더 많은'이라는 의미로, 'than' 이하와 비교 대상을 나타낸다.
'the risk of whales going hungry'는 '고래가 굶주리는 위험'을 의미하며,
정답: ④ 동명사 'going'을 사용하여 진행의 의미를 나타낸다.
장기적인 관계 유지를 위해 의식적인 노력을 통해 연락을 유지하는 것이 중요 문제 216
하며, 이는 친근하고 일관된 소통을 유지하는 것을 의미한다는 내용이므로, 빈 정답: -
칸에는 '친근하고 일관된 소통을 유지하는 것'이 가장 적절하다. '~에 대해'는 about을 사용하고, about 뒤에는 명사 상당 어구가 와야 하므
문제 109 로 the rapid rate of cultural change가 되어야 한다. the + 형용사 + 명사
정답: ③ + of + 형용사 + 명사 어순으로 배열한다.
새로운 녹지 공간으로 인해 원래 거주민들이 오히려 녹지 기반 시설에 대한 접 문제 217
근성이 낮은 열악한 환경으로 내몰릴 수 있다는 내용이므로, 빈칸에는 '낮은 정답: -
녹지 기반 시설 접근성'이 가장 적절하다. 문장의 주어는 'The laws and constants of physics'이며, 동사는
문제 110 'allowed', 목적어는 'advanced life', 목적격 보어는 'to evolve'이다. 주어
정답: ① 진 단어들을 활용하여 문장의 구조에 맞게 배열해야 한다.
크릴 감소에 대한 논의와 적절한 조치를 취하기 전에 최소한 어느 정도의 맥락 문제 218
을 이해해야 한다는 내용이므로, '최소한 어느 정도의 맥락을 이해해야 한 정답: -
다'가 빈칸에 들어가는 것이 가장 적절하다. 주어진 단어들을 사용하여 문맥에 맞게 배열한다. 'He'가 주어, 'could not
문제 111 get'이 동사, 'a job'이 목적어, 'because of his nationality'가 이유를 나타
정답: ② 내는 부사구이다.
로마 제국이 새로운 문화적 영향을 적극적으로 수용하고, 유입되는 집단을 흡 문제 219
수했다는 내용이 문맥상 가장 적절하다. 이는 뒤에 언급된 유베날리스의 불평 정답: -
과도 연결된다. 주어진 단어들을 활용하여 문맥에 맞는 영작을 해야 한다. 'Witnessing'으로
문제 112 시작하여 동명사 주어를 만들고, 'make + 목적어 + 동사원형' 구문을 사용하
정답: ⑤ 여 문장을 완성한다. 어순과 단어 형태에 유의하여야 한다.
지문의 마지막 부분은 앞선 내용에 대한 결론으로, 우주가 우리를 위해 설계된 문제 220
것은 아니지만 물리 법칙과 상수 덕분에 고등 생명체가 진화할 수 있었다는 내 정답: -
용이 빈칸에 적절하다. 주어진 단어들을 이용하여 'that'절을 이끄는 동명사 ensuring으로 시작하
문제 113 고, '자신의 돈이 ~에 사용되지 않도록 하는 것'이라는 의미를 나타내도록 배
정답: ⑤ 열한다. is not used to fund는 '자금을 대는 데 사용되지 않는다'라는 수동
지문의 마지막 부분에서 Dalip Singh Saund가 미국 의회에 선출된 최초의 태 표현이다.
아시아인이 되었다는 내용이 언급되므로, 빈칸에는 그의 정치적 성공을 나타 문제 221
내는 내용이 들어가야 한다. 정답: -
문제 114 - '전 세계의 부모들은 ~한다'는 의미를 나타내기 위해 'parents the world
정답: ① over use'를 사용한다. - '이 이야기를 사용하여'는 'use this tale'로 표현한
전통적인 식습관에서 멀어진 현대인들이 영양 불균형을 겪는 것을 보면서, 자 다. - '자녀들이 ~하도록 설득하려고 노력한다'는 'try to persuade their
신의 식단이 너무 멀리 왔는지 의문을 가져야 한다는 내용이므로, 빈칸에는 'eating theintohealthy
children ~ing' 구문을 활용한다. - '건강에 좋은 채소를 먹도록'은
vegetable'로 완성한다.
'자신의 식단이 너무 멀리 왔는지 의문을 가지다'가 적절하다.
문제 115 문제 222
정답: ② 정답: -
Gen Z는 정보 접근성이 높은 환경에서 성장하여 기관의 투명성을 중요하게 It is ~ that 강조구문을 사용하여 '동물들의 수 감각의 정확성을 테스트할
생각하므로, 빈칸에는 'Transparency'가 들어가는 것이 가장 적절하다. 때'를 강조하고, 'the size of the numbers matters'를 연결한다. when 절
안에서 testing은 동명사로 사용되었고, animals' number sense는 소유격
문제 116 형태로 명사를 수식한다.
정답: ④ 문제 223
부모들이 아이들에게 건강한 채소를 먹도록 설득하기 위해 이 이야기를 사용 정답: -
한다는 내용이므로, 빈칸에는 '건강한 채소를 먹도록'이 가장 적절하다. 주어진 단어들을 활용하여 문맥에 맞게 영작한다. 'work pathways to your
advantage'는 '당신에게 유리하도록 경로를 활용하다'라는 의미이다.
문제 224
정답: -
- '각각의 지각 있는 생명체는'은 'Each sentient creature'로 표현한다. -
'가져야 한다'는 조동사 'should'를 사용하여 표현하고, 그 뒤에 'have'를 쓴
다. - '번성할 기회'는 'the opportunity to flourish'로 표현한다. - '~안에
서'는 'in'을 사용하고, '삶의 형태'는 'a form of life'로 표현한다. - '그 생명체
의 특징적인'은 'characteristic for that creature'로 표현하며, 'that is'를
사용하여 관계대명사절로 연결한다.
문제 225
정답: -
- 'whereas'는 '반면에'라는 의미로 대조를 나타내는 접속사이다. - 'those
not shared'는 '공유되지 않은 것들'이라는 의미로, 앞 문장의 'event
details shared on social media'와 대조를 이룬다. - 'may become
inaccessible or forgotten'은 '접근 불가능해지거나 잊혀질 수 있다'라는 의
미로, 조동사 'may'를 사용하여 가능성을 나타내고, 'become' 뒤에 형용사
'inaccessible'과 'forgotten'을 연결하여 상태 변화를 설명한다.
문제 226
정답: -
주어(Even the sounds that come from the atmospheres in which
we eat and our interactions with the food (such as chewing) and
the tools that we use to eat) + 동사(influence) + 목적어(our eating
experience)의 구조로 영작한다. 관계대명사 which가 이끄는 절이
atmospheres를 수식하는 구조이다.
문제 227
정답: -
- 'We were confused': 우리는 혼란스러웠다 (주어 + 동사 + 보어) - 'and':
그리고 (접속사) - 'didn't know': 몰랐다 (과거 시제 부정) - 'what our
parents expected from us': 부모님이 우리에게 무엇을 기대하는지 (의문
사절, know의 목적어 역할)
문제 228
정답: -
- '개미는'은 'Ants'로 표현한다. - '줄을 지어 행진한다'는 'march in lines'로
표현한다.
문제 229
정답: -
'오늘날의 패션은 ~로 확장된다'라는 의미를 나타내기 위해 'Fashion today
extends to'를 사용하고, '옷보다 훨씬 더 많은 것'이라는 의미를 나타내기 위
해 'far more things than clothes'를 사용한다.
문제 230
정답: -
- '믿었기 때문에'는 분사구문 Believing으로 시작한다. - '그들이 더 가까워졌
다'는 they were closer로 표현한다. 여기서 closer는 '더 가까운'이라는 의
미의 비교급 형용사이다. - '결승선에 도달하려는 동기가 더 강해졌다'는 they
were more motivated to reach the finish line으로 나타낸다. 여기서
motivated는 '동기 부여된'이라는 의미의 과거분사이다.
문제 231
정답: -
주어진 단어들을 사용하여 문맥에 맞게 배열한다. 'If AI provides instant
solutions,'는 조건절로 시작하며, 주절은 'it can inhibit this essential
process of learning through trial and error, ultimately inhibiting the
development of true creative talent.'이다. 'inhibit'은 '저해하다'라는 의
미로 사용되었으며, 'ultimately inhibiting'은 분사구문으로 앞 문장의 결과
를 부가적으로 설명한다.