A Dum Diversas is a papal bull published on June 18, 1452 by Pope Nicholas.

V, directed to King Afonso V of Portugal, and believed by many to have inaugurated the
trade of African slaves. In this bull, he authorizes Afonso V of Portugal to
to conquer Saracens and pagans and to make them perpetual slaves. This papal bull was reiterated
by Pope Callistus III in 1456 and renewed by Pope Sixtus III in 1481 and Pope Leo X,
in 1514. The concept of the remittance of exclusive spheres of influence to certain
The nation-state was extended to America in 1493 by Pope Alexander VI with
Inter caetera.

Dum Diversas was a bull, with essentially unlimited geographical power in its
application, perhaps the most important papal act regarding Portuguese colonization,
stating the following:

We grant you [Kings of Spain and Portugal] by these presents documents,

with our Apostolic Authority, full and free permission to invade, seek, capture and
to subjugate the Saracens and pagans and any other unbelievers and enemies of Christ where
wants them to be, as well as their kingdoms, duchies, counties, principalities and
other properties […] and reduce their people to perpetual slavery.

On January 8, 1455, Pope Nicholas V clarified a problem that arose among the
Portuguese and Spaniards, about who would be the owner of the Canary Islands, deciding this
question in favor of the Portuguese, in the bull 'Romanus Pontifex' where it reaffirms everything that
It was said in the bull 'Dum Diversas'. And in this bull, the pope also sanctioned, that is,
made it very clear that the Portuguese should purchase black slaves from
long from the African coast using force or exchanging them for goods.

Since then, moreover, many men from Guinea and other blacks, taken by force, and
some through the exchange of non-prohibited articles, or through other legal purchase contracts,
têm sido enviados para os ditos reinos. Um grande número destes tem sido convertidos
to the Catholic faith, and this is desirable, through the aid of divine mercy, and if such
progress will continue with them, and those people will also be converted to the faith
or at least the souls of many of them will be won for Christ.

Cam
Origin: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Note: For other meanings, seeCam (disambiguation).
Cam
Birth 1557AM
Kinship Noah
Son(s) Cuxe
Mizraim
Whore
Canaan

Cam, CãouCão, (inHebrew: ָ‫ םח‬, modernHam ̱ TiberianHam; motherGreekKham

inArabic: ‫ﺣﺎﻡ‬Ham, "hot" or "burned" is a biblical character, one of the sons
ofNoahaccording to the ReportsbiblicalAccording to theTable of Nationsnobook of
Genesishe was the youngest son of Noah and was the father ofCuxe, Egypt, Pute
Canaan.[1][2]

Index
1 Origin
2 Curse
o2.1 Socio-political Interpretations and Implications
3 Etymology
4 References

Origin
Cam is a characterbiblicalmentioned in the book ofGenesis, son of Noah, what was
save fromFloodtogether with his siblingsSinceandJafé, in the ark that God had commanded
to build.The given text appears to be empty or invalid for translation.Genesis 5:32 indicates that Noah fathered Shem, Ham, and Japheth while he was still
he was 500 years old. (Noah was 600 years old at the time of the flood)Genesis 7:).

Cam assumes importance aspatriarchof important nations of theAntiquity, like

Cuxe (Nubia), Saba, Nimrodimportant city-stateSumeria, but apparently if
referring to all civilizationMesopotamian), Philistia, Phoeniciaand all the peoplesCanaanite-
all descendants of their children and grandchildren.Flavius Josephusdeals in detail with the
descendants of Ham and the nations they would have generated.[1]

Curse
This portrait ofChronicle of Nuremberguse the spelling 'Cham'.

Tendo cessado o Flood, Noah, who among other things was a winemaker, planted grapes,
making wine from his harvest. Noah then got drunk and ended up falling asleep in
his cabin. Cam would have come across his father drunk and unconscious, having he
seeing his father's nakedness, he went to tell his brothers about what had happened, instead of keeping his modesty and
covering his father. When he regained consciousness, Noah cursed the son of Ham,Canaan,
referring to him as the "servant of the servants." Genesis 9:25 "and he said: Cursed be Canaan;
be a servant of the servants to your brothers.[3]

The story of Cam is narrated inGênesis 9:20-27:

Genesis 9:20Noah began to be a farmer, and he planted a vineyard.

21
Drinking the wine, he became drunk and found himself naked inside his tent.22Dog, father of
Canaan saw the nakedness of his father and told his two brothers who were outside.23So
Sem and Japheth took a cloak, put it over their shoulders and, walking turned away
back, they covered their father's nakedness; they turned their faces away and did not see the
nakedness of your father.

24
Awakening Noah from his wine, he learned what his youngest son had done to him.25And he said:
Cursed be Canaan; a servant of servants shall he be to his brothers.26And he added: Blessed be
Jehovah, the God of Shem; And may Canaan be his servant.

27
God enlarge Japheth, and let Japheth dwell in the tents of Shem; and let Canaan be his servant.[4]

According to a certain line of interpretation, by uttering such words, Noah would be

prophesying that one of the descendants of Shem,AbrahamI would inherit the land from theCanaanite.
Although the story can be interpreted literally, in more recent times,
some scholars have suggested that Cam may have had sexual relations with the wife of
your father.[5]Under this interpretation, Canaan is cursed as the "product of the illicit union".
from Cam.6

Social-political interpretations and implications

The curse of Cain was used by some members ofAbrahamic religionsfor

justify theracismand aslaveryeternal ofblacksAfricanswho they believed to be
descendants of Cham.[7] [8] Defenders of slavery in theUnited Statesthey invoked
consistently this account from the Bible throughout the 19th century in response to the growth
of the movementabolitionist.[9]NoBrazil, the curse of Ham served as a justification for
enslave the Indians, having the missionary of the Order of Saint Peter João de Sousa Ferreira
stated "There is no divine or human law that forbids the possession of slaves" and
(and the Brazilian Indians) are of the descent of the curse of Ham10. O
Portuguese also considered blacks to be descendants of Cham. The color was the sign.
of the curse and justified slavery.[11]

Etymology

Ivan Ksenophontov. The Curse of Ham

According to the Bible, Ham was one of thechildren of Noahwho moved to the southeast of
Africaand nearby parts of theMiddle East, and he was the ancestor of the nations
those localities. The Bible refers to theEgyptlike the tents of Cam
"descendants of Ham" and "the land of Ham" inPsalms78:51; 105:23,27; 106:22 and1st
book of Chronicles4:40.

Family tree based onGenesis:

Lamech

Noah
 None Cam Jafé

CuxeEgyptwhoreCanaã

References