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MODULE 3

2 Marks
1. Distinguish between a population and a sample.
2. Define simple random sampling.
3. Distinguish between simple random sampling with replacement and simple random sampling
without replacement from a finite population.
4. A random sample of 2 individuals is to be drawn from a population of size 43. Write down the
possible number of distinct samples when sampling is without replacement (order of drawing is
to be ignored).
5. A random sample of 2 individuals is to be drawn from a population of size 43. Write down the
possible number of distinct samples when sampling is with replacement (order of drawing is to
be taken into account).
6. Distinguish between “statistic” and “parameter”.
7. Define “statistic” and its “sampling distribution”.
8. Give expressions for the standard error of the sample proportion.
9. State the Central Limit Theorem.
10. The mean (𝜇) of a certain normal distribution having S.D. 𝜎 is equal to the S.E. of the mean of
the samples of size 25 drawn from the distribution. If 𝜇 = 𝑘𝜎, then find the value of 𝑘.
11. Find the standard error of the sampling distribution of the sample mean with sample size 400
drawn from a normal population having s.d. 3.1
12. If 𝜎 2 be the variance of a finite population of size 𝑁, then write down the expression of variance
of sampling distribution of the sample mean (sample size = n) under SRSWOR.
13. If 𝜎 2 be the variance of a finite population of size 𝑁, then write down the expression of variance
of sampling distribution of the sample mean (sample size = n) under SRSWR.
14. The s.d. of the marks obtained in Mathematics by 112 boys is found to be 13.2. Find the S.E. of
the sampling distribution of sample means for a random sample of size 10 taken with
replacement (SRSWR).
15. The s.d. of the marks obtained in Mathematics by 112 boys is found to be 13.2. Find the S.E. of
the sampling distribution of sample means for a random sample of size 10 taken without
replacement (SRSWOR).
16. Samples of weights of 200 persons each are drawn from a normal population of the weight of
persons with s.d. 10. Find the mean of the sample variance.
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17. The mean weight of 500 guinea pigs is 5.02 gm and their s.d. is 0.30. Samples of 100 guinea
pigs are drawn. Find the s.d. of the sample mean.
18. From a population of large number of men with standard deviation 5, a sample is drawn and the
S.E. is found to be 0.5. Find out the size of the sample.
19. If a random sample of size 5 is drawn from a finite population of size 41 units without
replacement. Find the standard error of the sample mean if the population s.d. is 10.
20. A population consists of 5 numbers {2, 3, 6, 8, 11}. Consider all possible samples of size two
that can be drawn with replacement from this population. Calculate the S.E. of sample means.

5 Marks
1. The safety limit of a crane is known to be 32 tons. The mean weight and the standard deviation
of a large number of iron rods are 0.3 ton and 0.2 ton respectively. 100 rods are lifted at a time.
Find the probability of an accident. [Given: Area of the standard normal curve to the right of
the ordinate at 𝑧 = 1 is 0.1587]
2. It has been found that 2% of the tools produced by a certain machine are defective. What is the
probability that in a shipment of 400 such tools, 3% or more will be defective? (Probability that
the normal variate z lies between 0 and 1.43 is 0.4236)
3. The mean of a certain normal distribution is equal to the standard error of the mean of samples
of size 25 from the distribution. Find the probability that the mean of a sample of size 49 from
the distribution will be negative.
4. For a population of six units, the value of a characteristic 𝑥 are given are as follows {3, 9, 6, 5,
7, 10}. Consider all possible samples of size two from the above population and show that the
mean of the sample means is exactly equal to the population mean.
5. A random sample of size 36 is taken from a finite population of size 1500 having mean 𝜇 =
22.40 and S.D. 𝜎 = 0.048. Find the mean and standard deviation of the sampling distribution
of sample means if the sampling is done (i) with replacement, (ii) without replacement.
6. Assume that the age of 2000 students of a college are normally distributed with mean 20 years
and standard deviation 4 years. 60 samples consisting of 25 students each are obtained. In how
many of samples would you expect to find the mean between 19 years and 21 years.
7. Samples of weights of 200 students each are drawn from a normal population of the weights of
the students with s.d. 10 pounds. Variance in each sample are computed. Find the mean and
standard deviation of the sampling distribution of sample variance.
8. Random samples of size 3 are drawn from the population {7, 5, 3, 1} without replacement. Find
the mean and variance of the sampling distribution of sample means. Hence find the S.E. of the
sample mean.
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9. Assume the heights of 3000 male students of a university are normally distributed with mean
68 inches and standard deviation 3 inches. 80 samples consisting of 25 students each are drawn.
In how many samples would you expect to find the mean between 66.8 and 68.3 inches? [Given
the area under standard normal curve between 𝑧 = −2 and 𝑧 = 0 is 0.4772 and between 𝑧 =
0 and 𝑧 = 0.5 is 0.1915]
10. A random sample of size 25 is taken from a 𝑁(𝜇, 𝜎 2 ) with 𝜇 = 30 and 𝜎 = 4. Would the
probability that the sample mean would lie between 25 and 35 be greater than 0.99?
11. A normal population has a mean 0.1 and a standard deviation 2.1. Find the probability that the
mean of a sample of size 900 will be negative. [Given 𝑃(|𝑍| < 1.43) = 0.847]
12. The random variable 𝑋̅ is normally distributed with mean 68 cm. and s.d. 2.5 cm. What should
be the size of the sample whose mean shall not differ from the population mean by more than
1 cm. with probability 0.95? [Given that area under standard normal curve to the right of the
ordinate at 1.96 is 0.025]
13. The mean 𝜇 of a certain population is equal to the standard error of mean of random samples
of size 100 from that population. Find out the standard error of the mean of random samples of
size 36 from that population, in terms of 𝜇. (Assume that the population size is very large.)
14. The mean weight of 4000 students is 50 kg and their standard deviation is 5 kg. Find the
probability that in a random sample of 100 students would have a combined weight more than
5100 kg, when the sampling is done under SRSWR. [Given 𝑃(𝑍 > 2) = 0.0228 and
𝑃(𝑍 > 2.04) = 0.0207, where 𝑍 is a standard normal variate.]
15. The mean weight of 4000 students is 50 kg and their standard deviation is 5 kg. Find the
probability that in a random sample of 100 students would have a combined weight more than
5100 kg, when the sampling is done under SRSWOR. [Given 𝑃(𝑍 > 2) = 0.0228 and
𝑃(𝑍 > 2.04) = 0.0207, where 𝑍 is a standard normal variate.]

10 Marks
1. A population consists of the four numbers 3, 7, 11, 15. Consider all possibles samples of size 2
which can be drawn without replacement with population. Find
(i) the population mean,
(ii) the population standard deviation,
(iii) the mean of the sampling distribution of sample means,
(iv) the standard deviation of the sampling distribution of sample means.
(v) Verify (iii) and (iv) directly from (i) and (ii) by use of suitable formulae.
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2. The values of a characteristic 𝑥 of a population containing 4 units are 2, 4, 6, 8. Considering all

possible samples of size 2 drawn without replacement from this population, find
(i) the population mean,
(ii) the population standard deviation,
(iii) the mean of the sampling distribution of sample means,
(iv) the standard deviation of the sampling distribution of sample means.
(v) Verify (iii) and (iv) directly from (i) and (ii) by use of suitable formulae.
3. Compute the standard error of sample means and construct the sampling distribution of the
mean for simple random samples of two families each from a population of 5 families which is
given below:
Family A B C D E
Family size 4 3 2 5 7
4. Ages of 5 persons have been recorded (in years) as 14, 19, 17, 20, 25. For random samples of
size 3 drawn without replacement from this population,
(i) obtain the sampling distribution of 𝑥̅ and show that the mean of 𝑥̅ equals the population
mean.
(ii) obtain the S.E, of 𝑥̅ , directly from the sampling distribution and also by using the formula.
5. Distribution of marks scored in an examination is normal. Samples of marks of four students
are drawn and it seen that the probability of the sample mean to be less than 61 is 0.44, to be
more than 80 is 0.04. Find the mean and standard deviation of the distribution. [Given
𝑧
∫0 𝜙(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 = 0.06, 0.46 according as 𝑧 = 0.15, 1,75]
6. Distribution of inside diameters of washers produced by a machine is normal. Samples of 36
washers are drawn and it is seen that the probability of sample mean to be less than 0.496 cm
is 0.5793, to be more than 0.508 cm is 0.0808. Find the mean and standard deviation of the
population distribution. [Given 𝑃(𝑍 > 2) = 0.4207 and 𝑃(𝑍 > 1.4) = 0.0808, where 𝑍 is a
standard normal variate.]
7. The lifetime of a certain type of battery is normally distributed with mean 400 hours and
standard deviation 50 hours. 31 batteries are drawn at random. Find the probability that sample
variance lies between 1491.37 and 3530.08. [Given ℵ20.950; 30 = 18.493, ℵ20.50; 30 = 43.773]
8. From a normal population of variance 20, samples of size 5 are drawn. Estimate the probability
that the sample variance is greater than 2.336. Also obtain the mean and variance of the
sampling distribution of sample variance. [Given ℵ20.90;4 = 0.584]
9. The lifetime of an electronic device is normally distributed with mean 4 and variance 6. Ten
devices are drawn at random in different ways. Find the probability that sample variance lies
between 1.995 and 10.146. [Given ℵ20.950;9 = 3.325, ℵ20.50;9 = 16.91]
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10. Samples of certain size are drawn from a population normally distributed. It is found that the
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mean and variance of the sampling distribution of the sample variance are 12
and 72

respectively. Find the population variance and the sample size. Hence find the probability of
the sample variance exceeding 13.025. [Given ℵ20.001;11 = 31.26]
11. A population consists of 3 numbers 1, 3, 4. Samples of size two are drawn with replacement
(SRSWR). Find
(i) mean of the sampling distribution of the sample variance and verify the result 𝐸(𝑆 2 ) =
𝑛−1
𝑛
𝜎2.

(ii) the s.d. of the sampling distribution of variances.