Department of Electronics & Telecommunications Engineering

B.E. (Semester VII)

1. A two cavity klystron amplifier has following characteristics

Voltage gain = 20 dB, Input power = 8 mW, Rsh of input cavity = 32 k
Rsh of output cavity = 45 k, RL = 45 k Find :
1. input RMS voltage
2. Output RMS voltage
3. Power delivered to load
2. Two cavity klystron amplifier is having following specification
Beam voltage = 1000 V; Beam current = 35 mA
Frequency = 9.527 GHz; Gap = 1.5 mm
L = Spacing between two cavities = 4.5 cm
Rsh = 50 G; R0=30 K;J(X1)=0.582; X1=1.841
Find:
1. Electron velocity 0.
2. DC Transit time of electron.
3. Input voltage for maximum output voltage.
4. Voltage gain.

3. A Reflex Klystron operates under following conditions V0 = 500 V, Rsh = 20 k, r = 8 GHz,
L = 1 mm is the spacing between repeller and cavity. The tube is oscillating at
3
frequency at the peak on n = 2 mode or 1 4 mode. Assume that transit time through
gap and through beam loading can be neglected.
(a) Find value of repeller voltage VR
(b) Find DC necessary to give microwave gap of voltage of 200 V.
(c) Calculate electronic efficiency.
4. A normal circular magnetron has following parameters
Inner Radius Ra = 0.15 mtr
Outer Radius Ro = 0.45 mtr
Magnetic flux density = B0 = 1.2 mWb/m2
(a) Determine hull cut-off voltage.
(b) Determine cut-off magnetic flux density it beam voltage Vo as 6000 V
(c) Determine cyclotron frequency in GHz.

5. A helical TWT has diameter of 2mm with 50 turns/cm. (a) Calculate axial phase velocity and
anode voltage at which TWT can be operated for useful gain.
 Department of Electronics & Telecommunications Engineering
B.E. (Semester VII)

6. An X-band pulsed cylindrical magnetron

Vo = 30 kV, I0 = 80 A, B0= 0.01 Wb/sq.m, a = 4 cm, b = 8 cm.
Calculate :
(a) Cyclotron angular frequency
(b) Cut-off voltage
(c) Cut-off magnetic flux density
7. A travelling wave tube has following characteristic Beam voltage Vo = 3 kV, beam
current 10 mA, frequency  = 8.5 GHz circuit length N = 42, characteristic
Impedance = 120 . Determine
(i) A gain parameter (ii) Power gain.

8. A 400 kW cylindrical magnetron operating at X-band has the following set of parameters
Anode voltage Vdc = 32 kV, Beam current Idc = 84 A, Radius of cathode cylinder (c) = 6 cm.
Radius of anode cylinder (a) = 12 cm. Magnetic flux density (B) = 0.01 Wb/m2 Calculate :
(i) The cyclotron angular frequency
(ii) The cut off magnetic flux density for a fixed Vdc
(iii) The cut off voltage for a fixed B0 and
(iv) The efficiency ().
9. Derive the expression for Hull Cut off Voltage
10. Explain Reflex Klystron Operating Modes
11. How does gyrotron tube differ from klystron and magnetron tubes ? Explain the principle
of operation of gyro TWT amplifier.
12. Describe the mechanism of velocity modulation in a two cavity Klystron and hence obtain
an expression for the bunched beam current. Also find out the condition for maximum
power output.
13. Compare TWTA and Klystron Amplifier
14. Why phase focusing is required in magnetron? What is back heating? How it can be
controlled ?
15. What are '0' type tubes ? Explain.
A TWT operates under following parameters,
Beam voltage : 10KV
Beam current : 500mA
Characteristic impedance of helix : 25
Circuit length : 20 cm
Frequency : 4 GHz
Determine gain parameter and power gain.
 Department of Electronics & Telecommunications Engineering
B.E. (Semester VII)

16. Explain A TWT operates under following parameters.

Beam voltage 2.5 KV
Beam current 50 mA
Characteristic impedance of helix:6.75 
Circuit Length : 45
Frequency : 8 GHz
Determine gain parameter, power gain and all four propagation constants.

17. A reflex klystron operates under following condition V0 = 600 V, L = 1 mm, Rsh = 15 k,
e/m = 1.759  1011, fr = 9 GHz. the tube is oscillating at fr at the peak of the n = 2
mode or 1 ¾ mode. Assume that the transit time through the gap and beam loading can
be neglected.
(i) Find the value of repeller voltage Vr.
(ii) Find the direct current necessary to give a Microwave gap voltage of 200 V.
(iii)What is electric efficiency under this condition

18. Compare TWTA and Klystron Amplifier

19. Draw different slow-wave structures. Explain working of Travelling-wave tube.

20. What is TWT ? Explain its construction and amplification process

21. Why phase focusing is required in magnetron ? What is back heating ? How it can be
controlled ?

22. How is bunching active in a cavity magnetron ? Explain phase focussing effect. What is
strapping in magnetron ?

23. What is mode jumping in magnetron. How is it taken care of?

24. Describe the construction and working of a reflex klystron. Explain how velocity and
current modulation takes place using the Applegate diagram.

25. Explain how the klystron amplifier can act as a klystron oscillator. Discuss the
performance specification of Reflex klystron.

26. Derive relation between power output and Repeller voltage for Reflex Klystron.

27. What is velocity modulation? Explain with diagram how velocity modulation is utilized in
Klystron amplifier?
 Department of Electronics & Telecommunications Engineering
B.E. (Semester VII)

28. Describe the mechanism of velocity modulation in a two cavity klystron.

29. With neat circuit diagram explain the velocity modulation process with Applegate diagram
in klystron amplifier.

30. Explain the operation of a multi cavity klystron with necessary diagram and waveforms.
Write its application

31. Find out condition for maximum power output for Multi cavity klystron.

32. Explain the amplification process for a helix type travelling wave tube. what are its
different applications ?

33. Write a short note on Backward Wave Oscillator.

34. Write a short note on Gyrotron.