Enrollment No.

: 202203103510031 Monalisa Padhy

Practical – 3

Aim: To implement following applications on Arduino board:

(a) Create (any) delay routine for buzzing LED(s).
(b) Toggle LED(s) by switching.

(a) Create (any) delay routine for buzzing LED(s).

➢ Components:

1. Arduino Uno
2. Red Led
3. Jumper Wire
4. Breadboard

➢ Code:

void setup ()
{
pinMode (LED_BUILTIN, OUTPUT);
}

void loop ()
{
digitalWrite (LED_BUILTIN,
HIGH);delay (3000); // Wait for
3000 millisecond(s) digitalWrite
(LED_BUILTIN, LOW);
delay (1000); // Wait for 1000 millisecond(s)
}

➢ Circuit:

Figure 1: Before Start Simulation

UTU/CGPIT/B.TECH/CE/SEM-7/B-1/Internet of Things (IT6002)

Enrollment No.: 202203103510031 Monalisa Padhy

Figure 2: After Start Simulation

➢ Circuit Diagram:

Figure 3: Circuit Diagram

UTU/CGPIT/B.TECH/CE/SEM-7/B-1/Internet of Things (IT6002)

Enrollment No.: 202203103510031 Monalisa Padhy

(b) Toggle LED(s) by switching.

➢ Components:

1. Arduino Uno
2. Red Led
3. Jumper Wire
4. Breadboard
5. 10 KΩ & 100Ω Resistor

➢ Circuit Diagram:

➢ Code:

const int ledPin= 13;

const int buttonPin = 2;

void setup(){
pinMode (ledPin, OUTPUT);

// Set the button pin as an input

pinMode (buttonPin, INPUT);
}

void loop () {
// Read the state of the push button
int buttonState = digitalRead(buttonPin);

// If the button is pressed, turnthe LED on

if
(buttonState==HIGH) {
digitalWrite (ledPin, HIGH); // Turn LED on

UTU/CGPIT/B.TECH/CE/SEM-7/B-1/Internet of Things (IT6002)

Enrollment No.: 202203103510031 Monalisa Padhy

} else {
digitalWrite (ledPin, LOW); // Turn LED off
}
}

➢ Circuit:

Figure 1: Before Start Simulation

Figure 2: After Start Simulation

UTU/CGPIT/B.TECH/CE/SEM-7/B-1/Internet of Things (IT6002)

Enrollment No.: 202203103510031 Monalisa Padhy

Practical:-4
Aim:
To interface a DHT11 sensor with Arduino and write a program to print temperature and
humidity readings on LCD displays.

➢ Components:
Arduino Uno
Jumper Wire
Breadboard
DTH 11 Sensor

➢ Circuit Diagram:

➢ Code:

#include <DHT.h> // Include DHT library

#define DHTPIN 7 // Pin connected to the DHT11 sensor

#define DHTTYPE DHT11 // Define sensor type as DHT11

DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHTTYPE); // Initialize DHT sensor

void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600); // Start serial communication
dht.begin(); // Initialize the DHT sensor
}

void loop() {
delay(2000); // Wait 2 seconds between measurements

UTU/CGPIT/B.TECH/CE/SEM-7/B-1/Internet of Things (IT6002)

 Enrollment No.: 202203103510031 Monalisa Padhy

float humidity = dht.readHumidity(); // Read humidity

float temperature = dht.readTemperature(); // Read temperature in °C

// Check if reading failed

if (isnan(humidity) || isnan(temperature)) {
Serial.println("Failed to read from DHT sensor!");
return;
}

// Display temperature and humidity

Serial.print("Temperature: ");
Serial.print(temperature);
Serial.println(" °C");

Serial.print("Humidity: ");
Serial.print(humidity);
Serial.println(" %");
}

➢ Output:

➢ Serial Monitor Output:

UTU/CGPIT/B.TECH/CE/SEM-7/B-1/Internet of Things (IT6002)

Enrollment No.: 202203103510031 Monalisa Padhy

Practical 5

Aim:To implement an application which senses temperature and humidity. If it is above the
predefined threshold value, then the application should glow the LED for notification.

➢ Components Required:

• Arduino Uno
• Jumper Wires
• Breadboard
• DHT11 Sensor
• LED

➢ Circuit Diagram:

➢ Code:
#include "DHT.h" // Include DHT library
#define DHTPIN 7 // Pin connected to DHT11 sensor
#define DHTTYPE DHT11 // Define DHT type
int led = 13; // LED connected to pin 13
DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHTTYPE); // Create DHT object
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600); // Start serial communication
pinMode(led, OUTPUT); // Set LED as output
dht.begin(); // Initialize the DHT sensor
}
void loop() {
delay(2000); // Wait a few seconds between measurements
// Read humidity and temperature
float humi = dht.readHumidity();
float tempC = dht.readTemperature();
float tempF = dht.readTemperature(true);
// Check for reading errors
if (isnan(humi) || isnan(tempC) || isnan(tempF)) {
Serial.println("Failed to read from DHT sensor!");
UTU/CGPIT/B.TECH/CE/SEM-7/B-1/Internet of Things (IT6002)
Enrollment No.: 202203103510031 Monalisa Padhy

} else {
Serial.print("Humidity: ");
Serial.print(humi);
Serial.print("% | ");
Serial.print("Temperature: ");
Serial.print(tempC);
Serial.print("°C ~ ");
Serial.print(tempF);
Serial.println("°F");
// Check temperature threshold
if (tempC > 29.00) {
digitalWrite(led, HIGH); // Turn LED ON if temperature > 29°C
} else {
digitalWrite(led, LOW); // Turn LED OFF otherwise
}
}
}

Output:

UTU/CGPIT/B.TECH/CE/SEM-7/B-1/Internet of Things (IT6002)

Enrollment No.: 202203103510031 Monalisa Padhy

Practical 6

Aim:To implement an application which senses smoke with senses smoke with the help of
smoke detector & an alarm using Arduino Uno.

➢ Components Required:

• Arduino Uno
• MQ2 Gas Sensor
• 5V LED
• 100 ohm resistor
• Jumper wires

➢ Circuit Diagram:

➢ Code:

const int MQ135Pin = A0; // Analog pin connected to MQ135 sensor

const int BuzzerPin = 9; // Digital pin connected to Buzzer
int sensorValue; // Variable to store sensor reading

void setup() {
pinMode(MQ135Pin, INPUT); // Set MQ135 pin as input
pinMode(BuzzerPin, OUTPUT); // Set Buzzer pin as output
Serial.begin(9600); // Start serial communication
}

void loop() {
sensorValue = analogRead(MQ135Pin); // Read gas level from sensor
Serial.print("Gas Sensor Value: ");
Serial.println(sensorValue);

UTU/CGPIT/B.TECH/CE/SEM-7/B-1/Internet of Things (IT6002)

Enrollment No.: 202203103510031 Monalisa Padhy

if (sensorValue > 400) { // Threshold value (adjust as needed)

digitalWrite(BuzzerPin, HIGH); // Turn buzzer ON
} else {
digitalWrite(BuzzerPin, LOW); // Turn buzzer OFF
}

delay(1000); // Read every second

}

➢ Output:

➢ Serial Monitor Output:

UTU/CGPIT/B.TECH/CE/SEM-7/B-1/Internet of Things (IT6002)

Enrollment No.: 202203103510031 Monalisa Padhy

Practical 7

Aim:To implement the following applications on Arduino board: Measure water level using
Arduino Uno.

➢ Components Required:

• Arduino Uno
• Water level sensor
• Jumper Wire
• Breadboard

➢ Circuit Diagram:

➢ Code:

const int analogInPin = A0; // Analog input pin

int sensorValue = 0; // Variable to store sensor reading

void setup() {
// Declare LED pins as outputs
pinMode(2, OUTPUT); // LED 1
pinMode(3, OUTPUT); // LED 2

Serial.begin(9600); // Start serial communication

}

void loop() {
sensorValue = analogRead(analogInPin); // Read analog input

Serial.print("Sensor = ");
Serial.println(sensorValue);
delay(2);

UTU/CGPIT/B.TECH/CE/SEM-7/B-1/Internet of Things (IT6002)

Enrollment No.: 202203103510031 Monalisa Padhy

// Control LEDs based on sensor value ranges

if ((sensorValue >= 100) && (sensorValue <= 200)) {
digitalWrite(2, HIGH); // Turn ON LED 1
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(2, LOW); // Turn OFF LED 1 after delay
}
else if ((sensorValue >= 500) && (sensorValue <= 800)) {
digitalWrite(3, HIGH); // Turn ON LED 2
delay(5000);
digitalWrite(3, LOW); // Turn OFF LED 2 after delay
}
}

➢ Output:

➢ Serial Monitor Output:

UTU/CGPIT/B.TECH/CE/SEM-7/B-1/Internet of Things (IT6002)

Enrollment No.: 202203103510031 Monalisa Padhy

Practical 8

Aim:To develop an application to send and receive data with NodeMCU using HTTP requests.

➢ Components Required:

• DHT22
• Jumper wire
• Breadboard
• Node MCU

➢ Diagram:

➢ Code:

#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <ESP8266HTTPClient.h>
#include <WiFiClient.h>

const char* ssid = "REPLACE_WITH_YOUR_SSID";

const char* password = "REPLACE_WITH_YOUR_PASSWORD";

//Your Domain name with URL path or IP address with path

String serverName = "http://192.168.1.106:1880/update-sensor";

// the following variables are unsigned longs because the time, measured in
// milliseconds, will quickly become a bigger number than can be stored in an int.
unsigned long lastTime = 0;
// Timer set to 10 minutes (600000)
//unsigned long timerDelay = 600000;
// Set timer to 5 seconds (5000)
unsigned long timerDelay = 5000;

void setup() {

UTU/CGPIT/B.TECH/CE/SEM-7/B-1/Internet of Things (IT6002)

Enrollment No.: 202203103510031 Monalisa Padhy

Serial.begin(115200);

WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
Serial.println("Connecting");
while(WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
delay(500);
Serial.print(".");
}
Serial.println("");
Serial.print("Connected to WiFi network with IP Address: ");
Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());

Serial.println("Timer set to 5 seconds (timerDelay variable), it will take 5 seconds

before publishing the first reading.");
}

void loop() {
// Send an HTTP POST request depending on timerDelay
if ((millis() - lastTime) > timerDelay) {
//Check WiFi connection status
if(WiFi.status()== WL_CONNECTED){
WiFiClient client;
HTTPClient http;

String serverPath = serverName + "?temperature=24.37";

// Your Domain name with URL path or IP address with path

http.begin(client, serverPath.c_str());

// If you need Node-RED/server authentication, insert user and password below

//http.setAuthorization("REPLACE_WITH_SERVER_USERNAME",
"REPLACE_WITH_SERVER_PASSWORD");

// Send HTTP GET request

int httpResponseCode = http.GET();

if (httpResponseCode>0) {
Serial.print("HTTP Response code: ");
Serial.println(httpResponseCode);
String payload = http.getString();
Serial.println(payload);
}
else {
Serial.print("Error code: ");
Serial.println(httpResponseCode);
}
// Free resources
http.end();
}
else {

UTU/CGPIT/B.TECH/CE/SEM-7/B-1/Internet of Things (IT6002)

Enrollment No.: 202203103510031 Monalisa Padhy

Serial.println("WiFi Disconnected");
}
lastTime = millis();
}
}

➢ HTTP GET Request:

In the loop() is where you actually make the HTTP GET request every 5 seconds with
sample data:

String serverPath = serverName + "?temperature=24.37";

// Your Domain name with URL path or IP address with path

http.begin(client, serverPath.c_str());

// If you need Node-RED/server authentication, insert user and password below

//http.setAuthorization("REPLACE_WITH_SERVER_USERNAME",
"REPLACE_WITH_SERVER_PASSWORD");

// Send HTTP GET request

int httpResponseCode = http.GET();

Output:

➢ HTTP POST Request:

#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <ESP8266HTTPClient.h>
#include <WiFiClient.h>

const char* ssid = "REPLACE_WITH_YOUR_SSID";

const char* password = "REPLACE_WITH_YOUR_PASSWORD";

//Your Domain name with URL path or IP address with path

const char* serverName = "http://192.168.1.106:1880/update-sensor";

// the following variables are unsigned longs because the time, measured in

UTU/CGPIT/B.TECH/CE/SEM-7/B-1/Internet of Things (IT6002)

Enrollment No.: 202203103510031 Monalisa Padhy

// milliseconds, will quickly become a bigger number than can be stored in an int.
unsigned long lastTime = 0;
// Timer set to 10 minutes (600000)
//unsigned long timerDelay = 600000;
// Set timer to 5 seconds (5000)
unsigned long timerDelay = 5000;

void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);

WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
Serial.println("Connecting");
while(WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
delay(500);
Serial.print(".");
}
Serial.println("");
Serial.print("Connected to WiFi network with IP Address: ");
Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());

Serial.println("Timer set to 5 seconds (timerDelay variable), it will take 5 seconds

before publishing the first reading.");
}

void loop() {
//Send an HTTP POST request every 10 minutes
if ((millis() - lastTime) > timerDelay) {
//Check WiFi connection status
if(WiFi.status()== WL_CONNECTED){
WiFiClient client;
HTTPClient http;

// Your Domain name with URL path or IP address with path

http.begin(client, serverName);

// If you need Node-RED/server authentication, insert user and password below

//http.setAuthorization("REPLACE_WITH_SERVER_USERNAME",
"REPLACE_WITH_SERVER_PASSWORD");

// Specify content-type header

http.addHeader("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
// Data to send with HTTP POST
String httpRequestData =
"api_key=tPmAT5Ab3j7F9&sensor=BME280&value1=24.25&value2=49.54&valu
e3=1005.14";
// Send HTTP POST request
int httpResponseCode = http.POST(httpRequestData);

// If you need an HTTP request with a content type: application/json, use the
following:

UTU/CGPIT/B.TECH/CE/SEM-7/B-1/Internet of Things (IT6002)

Enrollment No.: 202203103510031 Monalisa Padhy

//http.addHeader("Content-Type", "application/json");
//int httpResponseCode =
http.POST("{\"api_key\":\"tPmAT5Ab3j7F9\",\"sensor\":\"BME280\",\"value1\":\"
24.25\",\"value2\":\"49.54\",\"value3\":\"1005.14\"}");

// If you need an HTTP request with a content type: text/plain

//http.addHeader("Content-Type", "text/plain");
//int httpResponseCode = http.POST("Hello, World!");

Serial.print("HTTP Response code: ");

Serial.println(httpResponseCode);

// Free resources
http.end();
}
else {
Serial.println("WiFi Disconnected");
}
lastTime = millis();
}
}

Output:

Those values are also sent to 3 Gauges and are displayed in Node-RED Dashboard:

UTU/CGPIT/B.TECH/CE/SEM-7/B-1/Internet of Things (IT6002)

Enrollment No.: 202203103510031 Monalisa Padhy

UTU/CGPIT/B.TECH/CE/SEM-7/B-1/Internet of Things (IT6002)

Enrollment No.: 202203103510031 Monalisa Padhy

Practical 9

Aim:To develop an application that measures the room temperature and post the temperature
value on Thingspeak cloud platform.

➢ Components Required:

• Arduino Uno
• DHT22
• Jumper wire
• Breadboard
• LCD Display

➢ Circuit Diagram:
➢ Code:
#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
#include <DHT.h>
// Initialize the LCD (RS, EN, D4, D5, D6, D7)
LiquidCrystal lcd(12, 11, 5, 4, 3, 2);
#define DHTPIN 7 // Pin connected to DHT11 sensor
#define DHTTYPE DHT11 // Define sensor type
DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHTTYPE); // Create DHT object
void setup() {
lcd.begin(16, 2); // Initialize 16x2 LCD
lcd.print("DHT11 Sensor");

Serial.begin(9600); // Start serial communication

dht.begin(); // Initialize DHT sensor

delay(2000); // Wait for sensor to stabilize

}
void loop() {
float humidity = dht.readHumidity(); // Read humidity
float temperature = dht.readTemperature(); // Read temperature (°C)
// Check if readings are valid

UTU/CGPIT/B.TECH/CE/SEM-7/B-1/Internet of Things (IT6002)

Enrollment No.: 202203103510031 Monalisa Padhy

if (isnan(humidity) || isnan(temperature)) {
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Sensor Error!");
return;
}
// Display on LCD
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Temp: ");
lcd.print(temperature);
lcd.print("C");

lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("Humidity: ");
lcd.print(humidity);
lcd.print("%");

// Print to Serial Monitor

Serial.print("Temperature: ");
Serial.print(temperature);
Serial.println(" °C");
Serial.print("Humidity: ");
Serial.print(humidity);
Serial.println(" %");
delay(2000); // Update every 2 seconds
}

UTU/CGPIT/B.TECH/CE/SEM-7/B-1/Internet of Things (IT6002)

Enrollment No.: 202203103510031 Monalisa Padhy

Practical 10

Aim:
To develop an application for measuring the distance using ultrasonic sensors and post distance
value on Thingspeak cloud platform.

➢ Components Required:

• Arduino Uno
• Ultrasonic Sensors
• Wi-Fi Module
• Jumper Wire

➢ Circuit Diagram:

➢ Code:

int trigPin = 3; // Trigger pin connected to Arduino pin 3

int echoPin = 2; // Echo pin connected to Arduino pin 2

long duration; // Variable to store pulse duration

long cm, inches; // Variables to store distance in cm and inches

void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600); // Start serial communication
pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT); // Set trigger pin as output
pinMode(echoPin, INPUT); // Set echo pin as input
}

void loop() {
// Clear the trigger
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);

UTU/CGPIT/B.TECH/CE/SEM-7/B-1/Internet of Things (IT6002)

Enrollment No.: 202203103510031 Monalisa Padhy

delayMicroseconds(2);

// Send a 10 microsecond pulse to trigger

digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);

// Read the echo pulse

duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);

// Calculate distance
cm = (duration / 2) / 29.1; // Convert to centimeters
inches = (duration / 2) / 74; // Convert to inches

// Display results on Serial Monitor

Serial.print("Distance: ");
Serial.print(inches);
Serial.print(" in, ");
Serial.print(cm);
Serial.println(" cm");

delay(250); // Wait 250ms before next reading

}

➢ Output:

UTU/CGPIT/B.TECH/CE/SEM-7/B-1/Internet of Things (IT6002)

Enrollment No.: 202203103510031 Monalisa Padhy

Practical 11

Aim:To develop an application that measures the moisture of soil and post the sensed data
over Google Firebase cloud platform.

➢ Components Required:

• Nodemcu (ESP8266)
• Soil Moisture Sensor Module (with analog output)
• Jumper Wires
• Breadboard
• USB Cable

➢ Circuit Diagram:

➢ Code:
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <FirebaseArduino.h>
#include <DHT.h>

#define FIREBASE_HOST "dn_iot_project.firebaseio.com"

#define FIREBASE_AUTH "KjlgjR2awesfjeIlbifsowSflksj"
#define WIFI_SSID "Your’ Prime 11 5G"
#define WIFI_PASSWORD "Hello@IoT"

UTU/CGPIT/B.TECH/CE/SEM-7/B-1/Internet of Things (IT6002)

Enrollment No.: 202203103510031 Monalisa Padhy

#define DHTPIN D2 // Digital pin connected to DHT11

#define DHTTYPE DHT11 // Initialize dht type as DHT 11
DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHTTYPE);

void setup()
{
Serial.begin(115200);
dht.begin(); //reads dht sensor data

WiFi.begin(WIFI_SSID, WIFI_PASSWORD);
Serial.print("Connecting to ");
Serial.print(WIFI_SSID);
while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
Serial.print(".");
delay(500);
}

Serial.println();
Serial.print("Connected");
Serial.print("IP Address: ");
Serial.println(WiFi.localIP()); //prints local IP address
Firebase.begin(FIREBASE_HOST, FIREBASE_AUTH); // connect to
the firebase

void loop()
{
float h = dht.readHumidity(); // Read Humidity
float t = dht.readTemperature(); // Read temperature

if (isnan(h) || isnan(t)) // Checking sensor working

{
Serial.println(F("Failed to read from DHT sensor!"));
return;
}
Serial.print("Humidity: ");
Serial.print(h);
String fireHumid = String(h) + String("%"); //Humidity integer to
string conversion

Serial.print("% Temperature: ");

Serial.print(t);
Serial.println("°C ");
String fireTemp = String(t) + String("°C"); //Temperature integer to
string conversion
delay(5000);

UTU/CGPIT/B.TECH/CE/SEM-7/B-1/Internet of Things (IT6002)

Enrollment No.: 202203103510031 Monalisa Padhy

Firebase.pushString("/DHT11/Humidity", fireHumid); //setup path to send

Humidity readings
Firebase.pushString("/DHT11/Temperature", fireTemp); //setup path to send
Temperature readings
if (Firebase.failed())
{

Serial.print("pushing /logs failed:");

Serial.println(Firebase.error());
return;
}
}

➢ Output:

UTU/CGPIT/B.TECH/CE/SEM-7/B-1/Internet of Things (IT6002)

Enrollment No.: 202203103510031 Monalisa Padhy

Firebase Realtime Database

UTU/CGPIT/B.TECH/CE/SEM-7/B-1/Internet of Things (IT6002)

Enrollment No.: 202203103510031 Monalisa Padhy

Practical 12

Aim:To develop an application for controlling LED with a switch using Raspberry Pi.

➢ Components Required:

• Raspberry pi
• Blynk App
• LED
• Resistor (250 ohm)
• Jumper Wires
• Breadboard

➢ Circuit Diagram:

➢ Code:
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import BlynkLib
import time

BLYNK_AUTH = 'YourAuthToken'

# Setup GPIO
led = 17 # GPIO17 pin
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
GPIO.setup(led, GPIO.OUT)

# Initialize Blynk
blynk = BlynkLib.Blynk(BLYNK_AUTH)

# Register handler for Virtual Pin V0

UTU/CGPIT/B.TECH/CE/SEM-7/B-1/Internet of Things (IT6002)

Enrollment No.: 202203103510031 Monalisa Padhy

@blynk.VIRTUAL_WRITE(0)
def my_write_handler(value):
if int(value[0]) == 1:
GPIO.output(led, GPIO.HIGH)
print("LED ON")
else:
GPIO.output(led, GPIO.LOW)
print("LED OFF")

while True:
blynk.run()
time.sleep(0.1)

➢ Output:

UTU/CGPIT/B.TECH/CE/SEM-7/B-1/Internet of Things (IT6002)