Lecture 2
Last week:
➢ What is force
➢ Types of Forces
➢ Review of Newton Laws
➢ Application of Newton Laws
This Week
➢ Friction
➢ Types of Friction
➢ Problem Solving related Friction
Problem Solving Strategy:
A free-body diagram shows every force
acting on an object.
• Sketch the forces
• Isolate the object of interest
• Choose a convenient coordinate
system
• Resolve the forces into components
• Apply Newton’s second law to each
coordinate direction
Connected Objects
If there is a pulley, it is easiest to have the coordinate system follow the string:
Friction
• The force that opposes the motion of one surface over another
is called friction.
• Sliding one surface over another requires enough force to
overcome the resistance caused by microscopic hills and
valleys bumping against one another.
Friction
• Friction has both negative and positive aspects. Friction reduces the
efficiency of machines. On the other hand, we couldn't walk or run without
friction.
• There are two types of friction: kinetic friction and static friction.
• Kinetic friction is the friction encountered when surfaces slide against one
another.
• The magnitude of the force of kinetic friction depends on the normal force.
Friction (Cont’d)
Friction
• A stationary object begins to move when the applied force equals the
maximum force of static friction. Once an object is moving, kinetic friction
comes into play.
• The maximum force that static friction can exert is given by the following
expression:
Friction
• In this equation, µs is the coefficient of static friction.
• In general, µs is greater than µk. This means that the force of static friction is usually
greater than the force of kinetic friction.
• Friction plays an important role in driving safety.
• When a car is moving with its tires rolling freely, the friction between the tires and the
road is static friction. Why is this so?
• Even though the car and tires are moving forward, at any instant the bottom of the
tire is at rest with respect to the ground.
Forces of Friction
64. Three objects are connected on a table as shown in Figure P5.64. The coefficient of kinetic friction
between the block of mass m2 and the table is 0.350. The objects have masses of m1=4.00 kg, m2=1.00 kg,
and m3= 2.00 kg, and the pulleys are frictionless.
(a) Draw a free body diagram of each object.
(b) Determine the acceleration of each object, including its direction.
(c) Determine the tensions in the two cords. What If?
(d) If the tabletop were smooth, would the tensions increase, decrease, or remain the same? Explain
Body A in Fig. 6-33 weighs 102 N, and
body B weighs 32 N. The coefficients of
friction between A and the incline are
𝜇𝑠 =0.56 and 𝜇𝑘 =0.25. Angle θ is 40.
Let the positive direction of an x axis be
up the incline. In unit-vector notation,
what is the acceleration of A if A is
initially
(a) at rest, (b) moving up the incline, and
(c) moving down the incline?
85. An object of mass M is held in
place by an applied force F and a pulley
system as shown in Figure P5.85. The
pulleys are massless and frictionless.
(a) Draw diagrams showing the forces
on each pulley.
Find (b) the tension in each section of
rope, T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5 and
(c) the magnitude of F
12 September 2025 PHY-102 Applied Physics DE-43(ME) Lec Sabeen Malik
12 September 2025 PHY-102 Applied Physics DE-43(ME) Lec Sabeen Malik
12 September 2025 PHY-102 Applied Physics DE-43(ME) Lec Sabeen Malik
12 September 2025 PHY-102 Applied Physics DE-43(ME) Lec Sabeen Malik
Practice problems
Chapter#6 Problems:
Friction: 5, 9, 16, 18, 20, 23, 25, 27, 28, 66, 69, 73, 79, 88, 90, 95
Uniform Circular Motion: 42, 43, 49, 51, 57, 82
