Bianca Patricia Reyes, RPm

1. In 1857, Noam Chomsky argued that humans are because you realized that the design you used has a
born with an innate capacity to learn language. In which limitation which is:
a little child need not to be taught how to speak for s/he a. cross-generational effects
has the capacity to acquire it on his/her own. b. generalizability limits
Considering his contentions, we can infer that Chomsky c. cohort effects
is a/an: d. attrition
a. empiricist c. nativist
b. theorist d. naturalist 8. The following are weaknesses or limitations of a
LONGITUDINAL RESEARCH DESIGN except for:
2. Based on the previous item, this contention of Noam a. attrition
Chomsky is a concept called: b. cross-generational effect
a. Language Acquisition System c. selective Attrition
b. Language Acquiring Device d. none of the above
c. Language Acquiring System
d. Language Acquisition Device 9. Researchers who are interested in examining changes
within individuals and in examining changes between
3. A lot of Gian’s relatives on his father's side are different cohorts at the same period of time should use
alcoholics, in which they drink alcohol almost every day. what research design?
In fact, his father also drinks often. This made his mother a. longitudinal c. sequential
worry that Gian might become an alcoholic as well. b. cross-sectional d. cross-longitudinal
That's why she always reminds him to only drink
moderately. “Ma, don’t worry about me. I will not be like 10. You are interested in discovering whether one’s life
Papa and my titos. Look, I have a good set of friends, satisfaction changes with age. So, you sent a measure
they don’t even drink! So don’t worry, I will not become to individuals who are 25 years old this year (2020). After
an alcoholic.” Gian’s statement is most aligned with: 3 years, you came back to your participants to have
a. that nature influences nurture them reassessed, and you compared their life
b. that nurture influences nature satisfaction score. From what you have learned about
c. the principle of nativists developmental research designs:
b. the principle of empiricists a. Practice effects are a potential risk with this design,
although less likely due to the time that elapsed.
4. Which among the following is incorrect? b. A disadvantage of this research design is the attrition
a. Personality can be inherited. rate over time.
b. Personality is influenced by one’s environment. c. In the reassessment, the remaining participants may
c. Personality is relatively stable. no longer be representative of the population due to
d. Personality is best influenced by a shared selective attrition.
environment. d. All of the above are correct.

5. In the present, how do contemporary researchers 11. When you came back to your participants after 3
view the nature vs. nurture debate? years since the first data gathering, you just gave them
a. They view nature as more important and influential the life satisfaction scale without an informed consent
than one’s experiences based on twin studies. unlike what you did on the first data collection. Is this
b. They made a consensus that neither is important. ethical?
c. They are no longer interested with what’s more a. Yes, because you already gave them informed
influential and are now just interested in its interaction. consent in the first data collection.
d. They now believe that nurture is more important due b. No, informed consent should be acquired again from
to evidence in adoption studies. the participants.
c. Yes, informed consents are not really that important.
6. You are interested in assessing the significant d. The code of ethics has no stipulations about this.
differences in intelligence among 20-year-olds, 40-year-
olds, and 60-year-olds. So, you went out and collected 12. Allison is a graduate student who is planning to
data for the three age periods simultaneously. What conduct research on children within the early childhood
research design did you most likely use? period and emotion regulation. After successfully
a. longitudinal c. sequential defending her proposal before a panel, her research
b. cross-sectional d. prospective adviser then reminded her that the first thing that she
needs to do is:
7. Your study’s results showed that the 60-year-olds a. post a poster on Facebook to help for her data
scored lower than the 40-year-olds, and the latter scored gathering
lower than the 20-year-olds. Although it seems that b. submit her proposal to her university’s IRB for review
individuals become less intelligent as we become older c. get the informed consent of the parents
as based on the results, you were not really convinced
Bianca Patricia Reyes, RPm
d. get the assent of the children before getting the b. multidimensional d. plastic
informed consent of the parents
20. According to research, during the COVID-19
13. One problem of developmental research is attrition. pandemic many people, especially those who are
Who among the following is most likely to have higher younger, are female, and have existing medical
attrition rates? conditions, became more prone to mental health
a. young children c. adults problems. The experience of COVID-19 is considered as
b. infants d. two options are correct a:
a. Nonnormative history-graded influence
14. As per the principles of development the following b. Normative age-graded influence
are CORRECT except for one: c. Nonnormative influence
a. Development is not completed in late adulthood. d. None of the above
b. Development is positive and negative.
c. We have the capacity to improve our memory even in 21. Nonnormative experiences are:
late adulthood. a. typical events that happened during an atypical time
d. Prenatal period is the most important life span period. b. an atypical event
c. experiences that can be within one’s control
15. As Denise reached her young adulthood, she now d. more than one option is correct
finds it difficult to learn a new language, however this
time she now has a wider vocabulary both in English and 22. Adults with the age of 65 years old are expected to
Tagalog. This shows what principle of development? retire from their work as it is the prescribed age of
a. Development is lifelong retirement by our government. However, Bona, due to
b. Development is multidimensional her economic needs, decided to still continue with her
c. Development multidirectional work. 65-year-old adults are considered as a/an:
d. Development shows plasticity a. Historical generation c. Age cohort
b. Age norms d. Norms
16. From attending seminars in order to gain more
knowledge and skills, Anja now attends such events in 23. Based on the previous item, Bona’s experience is an
order to maintain her expertise. Such practice is an example of what influence?
example of what principle of development? a. Nonnormative history-graded influence
a. Development shows plasticity b. Normative age-graded influence
b. Development involves changing resource allocations c. Nonnormative influence
c. Development is lifelong d. Normative influence
d. Development is multidimensional
24. I. Theories and research are related to one another.
17. Our brain matures continuously and this physical II. It is through research that a theory can be proven true.
development influences our emotion processing &
regulation and even our cognitive capacity as we are a. Both are true c. Only II is true
growing older. This is a depiction of what principle of b. Only I is true d. Both are false
development?
a. Development is multidimensional 25. Which among the following is an example of a theory
b. Development is multidirectional that emerged from laboratory studies?
c. Development is contextual a. Psychosexual theory
d. Development shows plasticity b. Social Cognitive theory
c. Bioecological theory
18. The following is/are not TRUE except for: d. Psychosocial theory
I. Gender roles & expectations do not affect one’s
development. 26. “Pay now play later” is an example of:
II. The harm of poverty to a child’s development is often a. positive reinforcement
indirect. b. negative reinforcement
III. The effect of poverty is inevitable. c. positive punishment
IV. One’s ethnic background & cultural practices have no d. negative punishment
effect on one’s development
27. “You are grounded, young lady! You are no longer
a. I only c. II & IV only allowed to use your phone for a month! You need to sort
b. I & IV only d. II only out your priorities and stop with the ‘I am not going to
study’ attitude!” Eioua’s mother exclaimed after finding
19. The statements in the previous item shows that out that she had failed her major examinations. This
development is: depicts:
a. multidirectional c. contextual a. positive reinforcement
Bianca Patricia Reyes, RPm
b. negative reinforcement d. All of the above
c. positive punishment
d. negative punishment 35. According to Erikson, the best way to produce an
ego strength to an individual is:
28. The best way to maintain a behavior is a. To have syntonic elements only
a. to use continuous reinforcement b. To have dystonic elements only
b. to use omission training c. To have both syntonic and dystonic elements
c. to give random punishments d. To have more syntonic element and a bit of dystonic
d. to give random reinforcements element

29. Aya, a housekeeper, is confused about when her 36. According to Erik Erikson, children who are in their
monthly salary will be given because last January, she early childhood will:
received it during the 15th day of the month. However, a. start in their toilet training and if approached properly
last February, she received it on the 25th day. Given this by their parents will lead to a sense of autonomy
information, we could say that her employer is using b. begin exploring their surroundings and will start
what schedule? interacting with other children by playing, which can lead
a. fixed ratio c. variable interval to initiative
b. fixed interval d. variable ratio c. will begin to feel the need to be attain the approval by
others by gaining competencies
30. Beatrice used to always eat yum burger together d. start wondering if they can trust the world or not
with her ex-boyfriend. Now that they have broken up,
every time that she smells the scent of a yum burger,
she immediately feels sad because it reminds her of her 37. Jayps, a 55-year-old man, made it his life’s mission
former lover. In this vignette, what is the unconditioned to take care of his offspring and his grandchildren. Since
stimulus? he is not retired yet, he uses almost all of his money &
a. yum burger c. ex-boyfriend free time to take care of them & to support them. He
b. feelings of sadness d. Beatrice hasn’t been preparing for his retirement yet and opted to
focus on his family first. What could Jayps possibly
31. Your cat salivates whenever you hold a can opener develop?
that you will use to open the can of cat food that you will a. Promiscuity c. Integrity
feed him with. Further, the cabinet from which you get b. Overextension d. Compulsion
the can opener produces a squeaky sound. As time
passes by, the mere squeak produced by the cabinet 38. What Jayps could develop is specifically called a:
causes your cat to salivate. This as an example of: a. malignancy c. maladaptation
a. Higher-order conditioning b. core pathology d. two options are correct
b. Second-order conditioning
c. Order conditioning 39. Brandon is a Filipino pianist prodigy; despite his
d. Two of the options are correct young age he is capable of playing complex pieces and
is capable of learning how to play a piece just by
32. A war veteran experiences extreme fear whenever listening to it a couple of times. Further, albeit being a
he hears the sound of fireworks because it is similar to child, he always competes nationally and internationally,
the sound of explosions he heard during the war. This making him spend most of his time training. What could
shows: Brandon possibly have?
a. Stimulus discrimination a. Impulsivity c. Narrow virtuosity
b. Stimulus generalization b. Overextension d. Compulsion
c. Stimulus approximation
d. More than one is correct 40. Based on the previous item, we could say that
Brandon is in what psychosocial stage?
33. Which among the following is not a part of the a. Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt
mediational process proposed by Bandura? b. Initiative vs. Guilt
a. attention c. motivation c. Industry vs. Inferiority
b. retention d. none of the above d. Identity vs. Role confusion

34. Which among the following will observational 41. The following are NOT considered as ADVANCES
learning least likely take place? during the CONCRETE OPERATIONAL period aside
a. Anja has a co-worker who is consistently awarded as from:
the employee of the month and is actually her senior in a. Reversibility c. Centration
college. b. Animism d. Artificialism
b. Maren who is a fan of the K-pop idol named Dahyun.
c. Daniel who admires his father.
Bianca Patricia Reyes, RPm
42. When Saint Iverson was being scolded by his c. cannot distinguish between what’s real and what is
mother, he closed his eyes and covered his ears thinking just a fantasy
that if he cannot see and hear his mother, then his d. can understand that she can be wrong in her belief
mother cannot see and hear him, too. This is a depiction about what others believe in
of:
a. Theory of theory c. Centration 50. Amari, a 7 ½-year-old child, has difficulties in
b. Egocentrism d. Theory of mind arranging things into a descending and ascending order,
because of this we could infer that she will:
43. We could say that Saint Iverson is on what cognitive a. have difficulties in spatial reasoning
development stage? b. have difficulties in mathematical reasoning
a. Sensorimotor c. have difficulties in inductive reasoning
b. Pre-operational d. none for it is not an advancement during concrete
c. Concrete operational operational period
d. Formal Operational
51. “Eh tignan mo kasi, mas malaki ako sa’yo, tapos si
44. You are holding five sunflowers and two tulips. You Kuya ko naman mas malaki sa akin. Oh, edi ‘matic na
showed it to your 7-year-old sibling and asked her, “Beh, yon na mas matangkad sayo si Kuya ko! Liit-liit mo
ano ang mas marami? Flowers or tulips?” What will she kaya!” Who among the following can we expect to say
most likely reply with? this already:
a. tulips a. Bianca, a 4-year-old-child
b. sunflowers b. Jayps, a 5-year-old child
c. both have the same amount c. Jerem, a 6-year-old child
d. none of the above d. Gelu, a 7-year-old child

45. Your sibling from the previous item: 52. Further, the reasoning used by the child in the
a. lacks class inclusion previous item is:
b. has attained class inclusion a. inductive reasoning
c. lacks categorization b. deductive reasoning
d. has attained categorization c. transitive reasoning
d. transductive reasoning
46. Hanna, a 5-year-old child, noticed that everytime that
their dogs bark, visitors show up on their front door. This 53. “Ma, di na ako mag he-helmet! Sus, di ako
led her to conclude that their dog causes visitors to maaaksidente, promise! Ako pa, magaling ako mag-
come to their house. This is a depiction of what kind of maneho kaya!” Kelly told his mom proudly. This
reasoning? statement of Kelly shows:
a. Inductive c. Transductive a. perceived invulnerability
b. Deductive d. Transitive b. personal fable
c. imaginary audience
47. According to Piaget, children who are in the concrete d. unique infallibility
operational stage:
a. have inductive reasoning 54. Bianca got into an argument with her husband
b. have deductive reasoning Kyungsoo because of their opposing views regarding a
c. have both particular socio political issue. After they have calmed
d. have none of the above down, they have decided to talk it out again, in which
they got into a mutual understanding and reached
48. A two-year-old child cannot: consensus. On what stage of cognitive development are
a. understand that a picture is both an object and a they?
symbol. a. formal operational stage
b. comprehend that what they see on TV represents the b. reflective thought stage
reality c. postformal thought stage
c. imitate what their parents did in front of them some d. none, there is no stage for those who are in their
time in the past young adulthood above
d. cannot categorize their toys on the basis of its
appearance 55. This is the process of cognitive growth according to
Piaget:
49. Gianna is a four-year-old child, thus we can expect a. Organization, Accommodation, Disequilibration,
her to: Assimilation, Equilibration
a. not know how to deceive other people already b. Organization, Disequilibration, Adaptation,
b. can tell when someone is pretending Equilibration
Bianca Patricia Reyes, RPm
c. Organization, Assimilation, Disequilibration, to Gelu’s callous statement. From this statement, we can
Accommodation, Equilibration infer that Coi has reached what stage of moral
d. Organization, Equilibration, Adaptation, reasoning?
Disequlibration a. Stage 3 c. Stage 5
b. Stage 4 d. Stage 6
56. Which among the following is the criticism of Piaget?
a. his sample is unrepresentative 63. Kohlberg’s theory of moral development is criticized
b. he underestimated children because:
c. he is gender-biased a. it is gender-biased
d. more than option is correct b. it is not culturally representative
c. the method he used is questionable
57. I. According to Urie Bronfenbrenner, cognitive growth d. more than one option is correct
is a collaborative process.
II. This is done through an interaction with a more 64. The following are the DIFFERENCES between
knowledgeable other (MKO). critical & sensitive period except for:
III. Only those who are more knowledgeable, more a. Critical period is very short in duration, whereas
skilled, and older than the individual can be considered sensitive period has no exact time frame.
as an MKO. b. The effects of critical period are reversible, while the
IV. Scaffolding is a permanent support given to an effects of sensitive period are not reversible.
individual in doing a task. c. In the critical period, an organism should be exposed
to a certain stimulus in order to develop properly, while in
a. Only I is true c. Only III is true the sensitive period an organism is only more responsive
b. Only II is true d. Only IV is true to a particular stimulus.
d. None of the above.
58. Private speech is seen as a positive sign of
development by whom? 65. Which among the following is untrue?
a. Jean Piaget c. Lev Vygotsky I. Bowlby’s attachment theory suggests that we have an
b. Urie Bronfenbrenner d. Erik Erikson innate tendency to form attachments with others as this
will help us to survive.
59. Bianca got married to Do Kyungsoo just recently in II. He argued that there is a critical period for developing
an intimate church wedding. This experience of getting attachment.
married influenced their development and is considered III. If there is a disruption in the attachment of the
as a part of their: caregiver, it will not result in long-term difficulties for the
a. microsystem c. macrosystem infant.
b. exosystem d. chronosystem IV. One’s attachment with their primary caregiver
becomes the prototype for their future relationships.
60. Gian is the first-born child of his mom and is currently
an infant. His mother has best friends from another a. I only c. III only
province whom she always talks with and asks for b. II only d. IV only
advice on how to rear him better. They share their
insights and tips with his mom, which she then applies to 66. Separation anxiety is a good indicator of attachment.
him. This is considered to be a part of his: On the other hand, stranger anxiety is viewed negatively
a. microsystem c. macrosystem as it might lead to a disorder.
b. exosystem d. chronosystem a. first statement is correct
b. second statement is correct
61. “Eh mali talaga ‘yang ginawa ni Dio, kasi sabi ng c. both statements are correct
batas natin dito sa Pilipinas mali ang pagnanakaw, kahit d. both statements are wrong
pa sabihin nating para ‘yan sa kapatid niyang gutom na
gutom na,” Gelu said after she was asked about her 67. Kim Hanbin is still a very young child so we can
opinion on what Dio did. Her statement shows that she is expect him to have what kind of identity status?
in what stage of moral development according to a. diffusion c. achievement
Kohlberg? b. moratorium d. foreclosure
a. stage 2 c. stage 4
b. stage 3 d. stage 5 68. “Honestly, I am still confused. Malapit na yung
graduation pero hanggang ngayon hindi ko pa rin alam
62. “Ako naman para sa akin, okay lang yung ginawa ni kung ipu-pursue ko ba ang pagtuturo o ang pagpasok sa
Dio. I mean, oo sabi ng batas bawal ‘yon, pero hindi ba’t clinical field,” Cairo said to his best friend. This statement
mas mahalaga ang well-being at kalusugan ng kapatid shows that he has a status of:
niya? Mas masama siguro siyang tao kung pababayaan a. diffusion c. foreclosure
niya lang ang kapatid niya,” Coi retorted as a response b. moratorium d. achievement
Bianca Patricia Reyes, RPm
b. middle childhood
69. Kim Hanbin, a 6-month-old baby, is eating his infant c. adolescence
cereal when he accidentally discovers that when he d. emerging adulthood
grabs some of it and throws it on the floor, it will fall
down. Kim Hanbin found this interesting, so he did it 78. We can expect preschoolers to commonly engage in
repeatedly. With this, we can infer that he is on what this kind of aggression:
substage of sensorimotor stage? a. relational aggression
a. primary circular reaction b. overt aggression
b. secondary circular reaction c. instrumental aggression
c. coordination of secondary circular reaction d. indirect aggression
d. tertiary Circular Reaction
79. Children in their elementary years are starting to
70. “Mama go!” Jeo exclaimed after his mom to tell her assert their autonomy and they are undergoing a period
that he was ready to go to the park with her. This is an in which they are now starting to share power with their
example of: parents. This transitional period is called:
a. holophrase a. social referencing
b. telegraphic speech b. mutual regulation
c. telephrase c. coregulation
d. holographic speech d. recentering

71. The ability to regulate, or control, one’s emotions is a 80. This is the primary task of emerging adults.
psychosocial advancement of what life span period? a. social referencing
a. infancy c. early childhood b. mutual regulation
b.toddlerhood d. middle childhood c. coregulation
d. recentering
72. An individual’s true emotions develop during:
a. 6th month c. 18th month 81. Empty nest can:
th
b. 12 month d. 24th month a. lead to a better marriage and an increase in marriage
satisfaction
73. Sheena has already developed her self-awareness b. cause a problem between the husband & wife
and has knowledge of socially accepted behaviors c. can be harder for couples who had problems that they
already. We can now expect her to have: pushed aside for the sake of the children
a. true emotions d. affect the couple’s marriage depending on its quality
b. self-conscious emotions and length
c. self-evaluative emotions
d. self-reflective emotions 82. This is the coping mechanism often used by those
who are in late adulthood.
74. When her mother left the room, Sam cried and a. emotion-focused
became extremely upset. However, when her mother b. problem-focused
returned and tried to comfort her, she resisted her c. mental-focused
mother and continued to cry. We could infer that Sam’s d. stress-focused
attachment style is:
a. secure c. ambivalent 83. Bianca knew that she already lost her person and
b. avoidant d. disorganized that there is nothing that she can do about it anymore.
She can no longer come up with a solution that can
75. Individuals with this attachment style are more likely realistically change the situation. What kind of coping is
to develop behavioral and adjustment problems later on.. she most likely going to use?
a. secure c. ambivalent a. emotion-focused
b. avoidant d. disorganized b. problem-focused
c. mental-focused
76. During this age, many children are now participating d. stress-focused
in organized sports.
a. early childhood 84. Emerging adults often spend a lot of time thinking
b. middle childhood about their intimate relationships, career choices, and
c. adolescence the likes. This shows what characteristics of emerging
d. emerging adulthood adulthood?
a. Optimism
77. It is during this time that body image starts to b. Self-focus
become a concern. c. Identity exploration
a. early childhood d. Instability
Bianca Patricia Reyes, RPm
94. Who among the following is most likely to have a
85. This theory argues that successful aging is premature birth?
characterized by mutual withdrawal of the older person a. Andy, a 16-year-old mother
and the society. b. Diana, a 23-year-old-mother
a. Activity theory c. Meghan, a 28-year-old mother
b. Disengagement theory d. Gina, a 35-year-old mother
c. Continuity theory
d. Social convoy theory 95. Uno’s foster parents noticed that he has a penchant
for singing and this made them enroll him in a voice
86. This is the period in which an individual is most lesson for kids in order to further enhance his skills. This
vulnerable to teratogens. is a depiction of what gene-environment correlation?
a. germinal c. fetal a. passive c. active
b. embryonic d. zygotic b. evocative d. proactive

87. We develop our gross motor skills first before we 96. When Uno grew up, he joined his school’s music
develop our fine motor skills. This is an example what club and had friends who had the same passion as him.
principle of development? In fact, they even decided to form a band. This shows
a. cephalocaudal c. proximodistal what gene-environment correlation?
b. distoproximal d. none of the above a. passive c. active
b. evocative d. proactive
88. If a mother experiences depression during her
pregnancy, what might be the effect on the infant? 97. After Bianca lost her father, she suddenly felt the
a. premature birth weight of various responsibilities on her shoulders, such
b. developmentally delayed as toddlers as paying the bills & providing for her sibling. She is still
c. risk of violent & antisocial behaviors struggling with learning this new role of hers. This is an
d. all of the above example of what emotional process?
a. loss-oriented
89. In sex-linked abnormalities, what chromosome b. restoration-oriented
carries the disorder and from whom can it be inherited? c. task-oriented
a. X; mother c. Y; mother d. grief-oriented
b. X; father d. Y; father
98. “After careful deliberation and after talking with our
90. This chromosomal abnormality is characterized by mother, we all have decided to discontinue her
the deletion of an X chromosome. It is common among chemotherapy and just make sure that she feels less
females and they are characterized by having a webbed pain before she passes away just like she asked of us.”
neck, infertility, & short stature. This is an example of:
a. Superfemale c. Turner syndrome a. Active euthanasia c. Mercy killing
b. Fragile X d. Jacob’s syndrome b. Reactive euthanasia d. Passive euthanasia

91. 99. This is our response when we lose someone close to

a. I is false c. I & II are false 100. The following are examples of disenfranchised grief
b. II is false d. None is false aside from:
a. losing a pet
92. It is the most common chromosomal abnormality and b. losing a man whom you had an illicit affair with
is the leading cause of intellectual disability c. losing someone because of suicide
a. Trisomy 21 c. Fragile X d. having a miscarriage
b. Trisomy 23 d. Klinefelter

93. These traits are strongly programmed by genes and