AI2111 Smart Science AI-Powered Discoveries for Academic Minds 1
AI in Biomedical Imaging and Diagnostics
Module 11 – AI in Biomedical Imaging
and Diagnostics
At the end of this module, you are expected to:
1. Explain the role of AI in enhancing biomedical imaging and diagnostics;
2. Understand how AI analyzes medical images; and
3. Evaluate the impact of AI on diagnostic accuracy and patient outcomes.
INTRODUCTION
The fusion of medical imaging with artificial intelligence (AI) has ushered in a new age of healthcare
revolution. This study of the literature looks at the most recent advancements and uses of AI in the medical
sector, emphasizing how much of an influence it has on patient care and diagnosis. The innovation section
examines state-of-the-art advances in artificial intelligence (AI), including generative adversarial
networks, convolutional neural networks, and deep learning algorithms, which have greatly increased the
precision and effectiveness of medical picture processing. These developments have made it possible to
identify anomalies quickly and precisely, from spotting malignancies during radiological exams to spotting
early warning signals of eye illness in retinal imaging. Along with highlighting several uses of AI in medical
imaging, this session will also cover radiology, pathology, cardiology, and other areas. AI-based diagnostic
technologies enhance early illness diagnosis and expedite the interpretation of complicated pictures,
improving patient outcomes in the long run. AI-based image processing also makes customized treatment
plans easier, which improves the way healthcare is delivered.
MEDICAL IMAGING
Radiology, another name for medical imaging, is the branch of medicine where doctors make
different pictures of bodily components to be used in diagnosis or therapy. Non-invasive tests used in
medical imaging techniques enable doctors to identify illnesses and injuries without causing undue
discomfort.
Put simply, medical imaging encompasses a variety of technologies that provide images of the
human body to diagnose, track, or treat medical disorders. To identify injuries and diagnose illnesses or
chronic ailments, medical professionals mostly use non-invasive visualization techniques. The use of
artificial intelligence (AI) analysis in medical imaging helps medical practitioners spot issues or nuances
that the human eye would overlook. AI-powered medical imaging, for example, may use data points from
a medical report to identify signals (from noise) and diseases (from healthy parts).
Through non-invasive methods, medical imaging enables physicians to evaluate patients' bones,
organs, tissue, and blood vessels more thoroughly. The procedures guide doctors in joint replacement or
fracture treatment; they help locate tumors for treatment and removal; they find blood clots or other
blockages; they help determine whether surgery would be an effective course of action; and they support
other procedures involving the implantation of devices, like stents or catheters, inside the body.
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AI in Biomedical Imaging and Diagnostics
The following uses of AI-based medical imaging are common:
• Find intricate patterns in the data from imaging.
• Give a numerical assessment of the radiographic characteristics.
• Determine the imaging modalities (tumor delineation, for example) at different phases of therapy.
• Find more about several aspects of diseases that are invisible to the naked eye.
USE CASES OF AI-POWERED MEDICAL IMAGING
• Problems related to the heart
Heart anatomy measurements are frequently used to identify cardiovascular problems. Chest X-
rays are often the first to identify any possible anomalies relating to the heart. This technique is
applied, for instance, as a screening tool for enlarged hearts or cardiomegaly. Artificial
intelligence (AI) in medical imaging can assist in detecting left atrial enlargement, which can
indicate a heart issue. Moreover, this technology is being utilized to automate processes such as
aortic valve analysis, pulmonary artery diameter measurement, and carina angle measurement.
• Anomalies in the nervous system
Relevant information may now be successfully extracted from brain pictures using AI technology.
This has been useful in the diagnosis of several brain anomalies. One effective case study is Mount
Sinai Health Systems, where Alzheimer's causes were found using AI models. In addition to helping
doctors prepare for long-term care, AI-powered medical imaging is also utilized to accurately detect
neurological diseases like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Furthermore, by highlighting any
photos that display questionable results, AI algorithms in medical imaging might expedite the
diagnosis of ALS.
• Screening for cancer
A lot of medical imaging is utilized to check for malignancies including colon and breast cancer.
For example, it might be challenging to classify tissue microcalcification in breast cancer as
benign or malignant. In this instance, undiagnosed cancers might affect the course of treatment
and delay diagnosis, while false positives frequently result in needless treatment. Quantitative
imaging combined with AI-powered medical imaging can increase the precision and accuracy of
microcalcification identification.
• Brain growths
Tumor categorization using conventional techniques might take up to 40 minutes. These days,
brain cancers may be identified in a matter of minutes thanks to machine learning and MRI
imaging. The outcomes are more exact and accurate in addition to saving time and improving
the patient's experience. In a recent study, artificial intelligence models that were given MRI
scan pictures successfully classified brain tumors with an accuracy of 98.56%. One more AI
research from the United Kingdom. discovered a non-invasive way to more accurately
categorize childhood cancers.
• Musculoskeletal injuries and fractures
Long-term chronic pain is frequently caused by fractures and musculoskeletal injuries,
particularly in older people. For example, older individuals with hip fractures had poorer results
because of decreased mobility and hospitalization. Artificial intelligence (AI) has been widely
utilized to identify fractures and dislocations that are difficult to identify using conventional
imaging methods and the human eye. Tools driven by AI can identify minute differences in
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AI2111 Smart Science AI-Powered Discoveries for Academic Minds 3
AI in Biomedical Imaging and Diagnostics
medical photos. Trauma victims can receive the finest care possible with a happy result by using
impartial AI algorithms.
BENEFITS OF AI-POWERED MEDICAL IMAGING
AI in medical imaging is increasing the precision of medical diagnosis, screening results, and the capacity
to anticipate illness. The following are a few of the key advantages of medical imaging enabled by AI:
• Quicker identification and treatment
Healthcare practitioners may identify diseases more rapidly and initiate early action thanks to AI-
powered medical imaging. Radiologists frequently have to spend a lot of time interpreting CT or X-
ray pictures. AI-powered medical imaging systems rapidly assist doctors in making decisions by
utilizing strong algorithms and enormous amounts of processing power.
• Monitoring medical care
It is challenging for traditional imaging methods to identify changes in the patient's health in real-
time. In medical imaging, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning technologies help follow
the patient's status and identify even the tiniest change in massive volumes of data. This works well
for monitoring malignancies, including brain tumors, which is necessary to figure out the best
course of therapy. For example, the fraction of living or dead tumor cells cannot be ascertained using
conventional medical imaging techniques.
• Advancing the field of precision medicine
Precision medicine can be more accurate when AI technology is used in medical imaging. AI and
machine learning technologies, for example, can distinguish between various forms of lung cancer,
making the best possible treatment possible. Furthermore, depending on the measured grade and
stage, AI-enabled medical imaging may more precisely forecast the survival rate of tumor patients.
Doctors may now adopt a highly individualized treatment plan tailored to the patient's condition
thanks to these precise measures.
• Lowering the amount of labor that physicians must do
Physicians may reduce diagnostic times and gain decision assistance using AI-powered medical
imaging analysis, which may help to avoid burnout at work. To find cancer cells using conventional
cancer screening, pathologists had to label and assess hundreds of pictures. As a result, their total
workload rose and the time to diagnosis increased noticeably. Medical imaging systems with AI
capabilities can assist in automating the analysis, lowering the total amount of manual labor.
Furthermore, by reducing analysis time, this technology increases the capabilities of healthcare
practitioners and aids in addressing the worldwide scarcity of medical specialists.
• Enhancing the results for patients
AI in medical imaging can enhance patient outcomes overall, whether it is through earlier diagnosis
or more accurate medical therapies. For example, AI technologies can speed up diagnosis and save
time in critical care settings like strokes. The interval between CT angiography and intervention in
stroke patients may be shortened in some circumstances by using AI, from 281 to 243 minutes.
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AI in Biomedical Imaging and Diagnostics
SPEEDING UP DIAGNOSTIC PROCESSES
AI's capacity to expedite diagnostic procedures is among its most important benefits in medical
diagnostics. Conventional diagnosis techniques generally entail the laborious and error-prone manual
evaluation of medical data. This might be a time-consuming approach with inaccurate results.
Large volumes of data may be swiftly analyzed by AI systems, enabling earlier diagnosis and prompt
response. We are seeing how AI can speed up the delivery of treatment, reduce delays in diagnosis, and
increase patient happiness.
AI has significantly improved diagnostic accuracy and patient outcomes by enhancing the ability to
quickly and accurately analyze vast amounts of medical data. Advanced algorithms can detect patterns and
anomalies in medical images, lab results, and patient histories that may be missed by human eyes. This
leads to earlier and more accurate diagnoses, allowing for timely and targeted treatments. Moreover, AI-
driven predictive models can forecast patient outcomes and potential complications, enabling proactive
intervention and personalized care plans. As a result, patients benefit from improved treatment efficacy,
reduced hospital stays, and overall better health outcomes.
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AI in Biomedical Imaging and Diagnostics
References and Supplementary Materials
1. Khalifa, M. & Albadawy, M. (2024). AI in diagnostic imaging: Revolutionizing accuracy
and efficiency. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine Update, 5, 100-146.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpbup.2024.100146
2. https://www.onixnet.com/blog/how-ai-powered-medical-imaging-is-transforming-
healthcare/
3. https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/definition/medical-imaging
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