Perfect — here’s your rearranged and refined version, starting with Web & Database

Development, followed by OOP and Advanced Programming.

It keeps everything clear, exam-aligned, and concise for study or revision purposes.

💻 SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT — WEB,

DATABASE & OOP DESIGN

🌐 1️⃣ Web Application and Database Development

Learning Outcomes

 Develop a web-based application

 Distinguish between database systems
 Develop and integrate a database for a web-based application
 Normalize database tables up to 2nd Normal Form (2NF)

A. Web Application Development

Aspect Definition / Focus Examples / Key Points

Client-Side Code that runs on the user’s browser; HTML (structure), CSS (style),
Development controls user interaction and display. JavaScript (interactivity).
Code that runs on the web server;
Server-Side PHP, Python (Flask/Django),
processes data, handles logic,
Development Node.js, Java (Spring).
communicates with database.
Simple layout, consistent
Focus on usability, responsiveness,
Design Principles navigation, responsive design,
performance, and accessibility.
readable fonts.

✅ Exam Tip:
Be ready to compare client-side and server-side development, or describe how both interact in
a complete web application.

B. Database Systems
 Type Description Advantages / Limitations
Data stored in separate files; Simple but causes redundancy,
File-Based System
accessed directly by applications. inconsistency, and data isolation.
Relational Database Data stored in related tables using Reduces redundancy, improves
System (RDBMS) keys. integrity, supports SQL.
Database Management Software for managing databases, Centralized management and
System (DBMS) ensuring data control and security. controlled access.

✅ Exam Stretch:
Sometimes, NoSQL may be mentioned as a contrast — it handles unstructured data, e.g.
MongoDB.

C. Database Design and Normalization

Concept Definition Goal / Example

Organizing data to reduce redundancy Splitting a large table into
Normalization
and improve consistency. smaller, related ones.
1st Normal Form
Each field holds a single value (atomic). No repeating groups.
(1NF)
2nd Normal Form In 1NF and all non-key attributes depend
Removes partial dependencies.
(2NF) on the whole primary key.

✅ Exam Task:
Normalize a sample table step-by-step to 2NF and justify each stage.

D. Integrating Databases with Web Applications

Aspect Description / Example

Database Connection Server-side script connects to database (e.g., PHP → MySQL).
Data Interaction CRUD operations — Create, Read, Update, Delete.
Security Validate inputs, use authentication, avoid SQL injection.

E. Typical Exam Question Patterns

Type Example Question Expected Answer

Data stored in related tables with
Definition “What is a relational database?”
keys.
“Differentiate client-side and server-side Mention where code runs and its
Comparison
development.” role.
 Type Example Question Expected Answer
“Describe how to connect a web form to a Include server script, connection,
Application
database.” query execution.
Problem Show step-by-step conversion and
“Normalize this table up to 2NF.”
Solving reasons.

✅ Summary:

Web & database development combine front-end (client) and back-end (server + database)
technologies.
Mastering both ensures the ability to design, store, and manage data-driven applications.

🧩 2️⃣ Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) and Advanced

Programming
Learning Outcomes

 Outline features of Object Oriented Programming (OOP)

 Design games and mobile applications

A. OOP Features

Feature Definition Example Purpose

Blueprint for objects,
class Car { int speed; Groups data and
Class defining attributes & void drive(); } behavior.
methods.
Represents real-
Object Instance of a class. Car myCar = new Car();
world entities.
Bundling data & methods; Private fields with Improves security &
Encapsulation
restricting direct access. getters/setters. maintenance.
New class derives from an class ElectricCar Reuses code
Inheritance extends Car
existing one. efficiently.
One interface, multiple Overriding or overloading
Polymorphism Adds flexibility.
implementations. methods.
Hiding complex logic, Simplifies use and
Abstraction Abstract classes/interfaces.
showing only essentials. design.

✅ Core Exam Topics:

Classes, objects, encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism
✅ Stretch Topic:
Abstraction (may appear in questions).

B. Advanced Programming Contexts

Area Concepts / Tools Relation to OOP

Mobile Event-driven design, layouts, user Classes used for activities, screens,
Applications input, sensors. events.
Gaming & Sprites, collision detection, sound, Game elements as objects; inheritance
Animations motion loops. for character types.

✅ Exam Application Examples:

 “Explain how inheritance is used in a car racing game.”

 “Describe how objects represent UI elements in a mobile app.”

C. Typical Exam Question Patterns

Type Example Question Expected Answer

Definition “Define encapsulation.” Explain concept + short example.
“Differentiate inheritance and
Comparison 2–3 key points.
polymorphism.”
“Explain how OOP is applied in a mobile
Application Use of classes, objects, inheritance.
app.”
Show classes, relationships, and
Design Task “Draw a class diagram for a simple game.”
methods.

D. Study Focus

Core Knowledge Extended Knowledge

Classes, Objects Abstraction
Encapsulation Event-driven logic
Inheritance OOP in GUI/Mobile Apps
Polymorphism Animation/game loops
Basic class diagram OOP in web integration

✅ Summary:
OOP principles build modular, reusable, and maintainable code structures — essential for
modern mobile, web, and game applications.

🔗 Overall Connection

Stage Focus How They Relate

Web
Client-server architecture Front-end and back-end interaction.
Development
Database Data organization and
Ensures efficient storage and access.
Systems management
Forms the foundation for reusable web and
OOP Logical program structure
mobile code.

Would you like me to format this into a print-friendly revision sheet (PDF) — one that fits on
2 pages with bolded terms and compact examples for exam review?