COORDINATION COMPOUNDS
ADDITION COMPOUNDS :
They are formed by the combination of two or more stable
compounds in stoichiometric [Link] are
(1) Double salts and (2) Coordination compounds
DOUBLE SALTS :
Those addition compounds which lose their identity in solutions
eg. K2SO4 , Al2(SO4)3
COORDINATION COMPOUNDS :
Those addition compounds which retain their identity (i.e. doesn’t lose
their identity) in solution are
Fe(CN)2 + 4KCN Fe(CN)2 . 4KCN
or K4 [Fe(CN)6] (aq.) 4K+ (aq.) + [Fe(CN)6]4– (aq.)
Central Atom/Ion :
In a coordination entity–the atom/ion to which are bound a fixed number of
ligands in a definite geometrical arrangement around it.
Ligands :
The neutral molecules, anions or cations which are directly linked with
central metal atom or ion in the coordination entity are called ligands.
Chelate ligand :
Chelate ligand is a di or polydentate ligand which uses its two or more
donor atoms to bind a single metal ion producing a ring.
Ambidentate Ligand :
Ligands which can ligate through two different atoms present in it
nitrito-N ; M O—N=O
nitrito-O
M SCN thiocyanato or thiocyanato-S ;
M NCS isothiocyanato or thiocyanato-N
Coordination Number :
The number of ligand donor atoms to which the metal is directly attached.
Oxidation number of Central Atom :
The oxidation number of the central atom is defined as the charge it would
carry if all the ligands are removed along with the electron pairs that are
shared with the central atom. [Fe(CN)6]3– is +3 and it is written as Fe(III).
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DENTICITY AND CHELATION :
Table : 1
Common Monodentate Ligands
Common Name IUPAC Name Formula
methyl isocyanide methylisocyanide CH3NC
triphenyl phosphine triphenyl phosphine/triphenyl phosphane PPh3
pyridine pyridine C5H5N (py)
ammonia ammine NH3
methyl amine methylamine MeNH2
water aqua or aquo H2O
carbonyl carbonyl CO
thiocarbonyl thiocarbonyl CS
nitrosyl nitrosyl NO
fluoro fluoro or fluorido* F–
chloro chloro or chlorido* Cl–
bromo bromo or bromido* Br–
iodo iodo or iodido* I–
cyano cyanido or cyanido-C* (C-bonded) CN–
isocyano isocyanido or cyanido-N* (N-bonded) NC–
thiocyano thiocyanato-S(S-bonded) SCN–
isothiocyano thiocyanato-N(N-bonded) NCS –
cyanato (cyanate) cyanato-O (O-bonded) OCN–
isocyanato (isocyanate) cyanato-N (N-bonded) NCO–
hydroxo hydroxo or hydroxido* OH–
nitro nitrito–N (N–bonded) NO2–
nitrito nitrito–O (O–bonded) ONO–
nitrate nitrato NO3–
amido amido NH2–
imido imido NH2–
nitride nitrido N3–
azido azido N3–
hydride hydrido H–
oxide oxido O2–
peroxide peroxido O22–
superoxide superoxido O2–
acetate acetato CH3COO–
sulphate sulphato SO42–
thiosulphate thiosulphato S 2O32–
sulphite sulphito SO32–
hydrogen sulphite hydrogensulphito HSO3–
sulphide sulphido or thio S 2–
hydrogen sulphide hydrogensulphido or mercapto HS–
thionitrito thionitrito (NOS)–
nitrosylium nitrosylium or nitrosonium NO+
nitronium nitronium NO2+
* The 2004 IUPAC draft recommends that anionic ligands will end with-ido.
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