XII MATHEMATICS

PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS (2023 & 2024)

RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS
SECTION A
This section comprises multiple choice questions (MCQs) of 1 mark each.
2023
1. Let 𝐴 = {3,5}. Then number of reflexive relations on 𝐴 is
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 0 (d) 8
2. Let R be a relation in the set N given by
𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑎 = 𝑏 − 2, 𝑏 > 6}
Then
(a) (8,7) ∈ 𝑅 (b) (6,8) ∈ R (c) (3,8) ∈ R (d) (2,4) ∈ 𝑅
2024
3. A function 𝑓: 𝑅+ → 𝑅 (where 𝑅+ is the set of all non-negative real numbers) defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 + 3 is:
(A) one-one but not onto (B) onto but not one-one
(C) both one-one and onto (D) neither one-one nor onto
4. A relation 𝑅 defined on set 𝐴 = {𝑥: 𝑥 ∈ 𝑍 and 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 10} as 𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑥 = 𝑦} is given to be an equivalence
relation. The number of equivalence classes is:
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 10 (D) 11
5. A relation 𝑅 defined on a set of human beings as 𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑥 is 5 cm shorter than 𝑦} is :
(A) reflexive only (B) reflexive and transitive
(C) symmetric and transitive (D) neither transitive, nor symmetric, nor reflexive
6. Let 𝑓: 𝑅+ → [– 5, ∞) be defined as 𝑓(𝑥) = 9𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 5, where 𝑅+ is the set of all non-negative real numbers.
Then, 𝑓 is :
(A) one-one (B) onto (C) bijective (D) neither one-one nor onto
7. Which of the following statements is not true about equivalence classes 𝐴𝑖 (𝑖 = 1,2, … . 𝑛) formed by an
equivalence relation 𝑅 defined on a set 𝐴 ?
(A) ⋃𝑛𝑖=1 𝐴𝑖 = 𝐴 (B) Ai ∩ Aj ≠ 𝜙, i ≠ j
(C) 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴𝑖 and 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴𝑗 ⇒ 𝐴𝑖 = 𝐴𝑗 (D) All elements of Ai are related to each other, for all 𝑖
8. Let 𝑅+ denote the set of all non-negative real numbers. Then the function 𝑓: 𝑅+ → 𝑅+ defined as 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 +
1 is :
(A) one-one but not onto (B) onto but not one-one
(C) both one-one and onto (D) neither one-one nor onto
9. A function 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝐴 defined as 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 1 is onto, if 𝐴 is :
(A) (−∞, ∞) (B) (1, ∞) (C) [1, ∞) (D) [−1, ∞)
10. Let 𝑍 denote the set of integers, then function 𝑓: 𝑍 → 𝑍 defined as 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 1 is:
(A) both one-one and onto (B) one-one but not onto
(C) onto but not one-one (D) neither one-one nor onto
11. A function f: ℝ → ℝ defined as f(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 5 is :
(A) injective but not surjective. (B) surjective but not injective.
(C) both injective and surjective. (D) neither injective nor surjective.
 Assertion and Reason
Questions number 19 and 20 are Assertion and Reason based questions carrying 1 mark each. Two statements are given,
one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d)
as given below.
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true and Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false and Reason (R) is true.
2023
1. Assertion (A) : The number of onto functions from a set P containing 5 elements to a set 𝑄 containing 2 elements
is 30 .
Reason (𝑅) : Number of onto functions from a set containing m elements to a set containing n elements is nm .
2. Assertion (A): The relation 𝑓: {1,2,3,4} → {𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧, 𝑝} defined by 𝑓 = {(1, 𝑥), (2, 𝑦), (3, 𝑧)} is a bijective function.
Reason (R): The function 𝑓: {1,2,3} → {𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧, 𝑝} such that 𝑓 = {(1, 𝑥), (2, 𝑦), (3, 𝑧)} is one-one.
2024
3. Assertion (A) : The relation R = {(𝑥, y): (𝑥 + 𝑦) is a prime number and 𝑥, y ∈ N} is not a reflexive relation.
Reason (R) : The number ' 2𝑛 ' is composite for all natural numbers 𝑛.
𝜋
4. Assertion (A): The function 𝑓: 𝑅 − {(2𝑛 + 1) 2 : 𝑛 ∈ 𝑍} → (−∞, −1] ∪ [1, ∞) defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = sec 𝑥 is not
one-one function in its domain.
Reason (R): The line 𝑦 = 2 meets the graph of the function at more than one point.
SECTION-B
This section comprises Very Short Answer Type questions (VSA) of 2 marks each.
2023
1. (a) A function 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵 defined as 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 is both one-one and onto. If 𝐴 = {1,2,3,4}, then find the set 𝐵.
𝑏
2. Consider the statement "There exists at least one value of 𝑏 ∈ ℝ for which 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 , 𝑏 ≠ 0 is strictly increasing
in ℝ − {0}." State True or False. Justify.
3. Check whether the function 𝑓: ℝ → ℝ defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 𝑥, has any critical point/s or not ? If yes, then
find the point/s.
4. (b) Prove that the greatest integer function 𝑓: ℝ → ℝ, given by 𝑓(𝑥) = [𝑥], is neither one-one nor onto.

SECTION C
This section comprises short answer (SA) type questions of 3 marks each.
2024
1. (a) A relation R on set A = {1,2,3,4,5} is defined as 𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑦): |𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 | < 8}. Check whether the relation 𝑅
is reflexive, symmetric and transitive.
OR
(b) A function 𝑓 is defined from 𝑅 → 𝑅 as 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏, such that 𝑓(1) = 1 and 𝑓(2) = 3. Find function 𝑓(𝑥).
Hence, check whether function 𝑓(𝑥) is one-one and onto or not.
2. (a) Show that a function 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 defined as 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 is neither one-one nor onto. Also, find all the
values of x for which f(x) = 3.
OR
𝑎 𝑏
(b) A relation R is defined on N × N (where N is the set of natural numbers) as (𝑎, 𝑏)𝑅(𝑐, 𝑑) ⇔ 𝑐
= 𝑑. Show
that 𝑅 is an equivalence relation.
 SECTION D
This section comprises long answer type questions (LA) of 5 marks each.
2023
1. A relation 𝑅 is defined on a set of real numbers ℝ as
𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑥 ⋅ 𝑦 is an irrational number }.
Check whether 𝑅 is reflexive, symmetric and transitive or not.
2. A function 𝑓: [− 4, 4] → [0, 4] is given by 𝑓(𝑥) = √16 − 𝑥 2 . Show that f is an onto function but not a one-one
function. Further, find all possible values of 'a' for which 𝑓(𝑎) = √7.
3. Prove that a function 𝑓: [0, ∞) → [−5, ∞) defined as 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 5 is both one-one and onto.
1 1 𝑥
4. Check whether a function 𝑓: ℝ → [− 2 , 2] defined as 𝑓(𝑥) = 1+𝑥 2 is one-one and onto or not.

5. (a) If N denotes the set of all natural numbers and 𝑅 is the relation on N × N defined by (a, b)R(c, d) if
ad(b + c) = bc(a + d). Show that R is an equivalence relation.
OR
4 4x
(b) Let f: ℝ − {− 3} → ℝ be a function defined as 𝑓(x) = 3x+4. Show that 𝑓 is a one-one function. Also, check
whether 𝑓 is an onto function or not.
6. Let ℕ be the set of all natural numbers and 𝑅 be a relation on ℕ × ℕ defined by (𝑎, 𝑏)𝑅(𝑐, 𝑑) ⇔ 𝑎𝑑 = 𝑏𝑐 for
all (𝑎, 𝑏), (𝑐, 𝑑) ∈ ℕ × ℕ. Show that 𝑅 is an equivalence relation on ℕ × ℕ. Also, find the equivalence class of
(2,6), i.e., [(2,6)].
OR
𝒙
Show that the function 𝑓: ℝ → {𝒙 ∈ ℝ: −𝟏 < 𝒙 < 𝟏} defined by 𝑓(𝒙) = 𝟏+|𝐱| , 𝒙 ∈ ℝ is one-one and onto
function.
7. (a) Show that the relation S in set of real numbers defined by
𝑆 = {(𝑎, 𝑏) ∶ 𝑎 ≤ 𝑏 3 , 𝑎 ∈ ℝ, 𝑏 ∈ ℝ}
is neither reflexive, nor symmetric, nor transitive.
OR
(b) Let 𝑅 be the relation defined in the set 𝐴 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} by 𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏) : both a and b are either odd or
even}. Show that R is an equivalence relation. Hence, find the elements of equivalence class [1].
2024
2𝑥
8. (a) Show that a function 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 1+𝑥2 is neither one-one nor onto. Further, find set A so
that the given function f: R → A becomes an onto function.
OR
(b) A relation R is defined on N × N (where N is the set of natural numbers) as:
(𝑎, 𝑏)𝑅(𝑐, 𝑑) ⇔ 𝑎 − 𝑐 = 𝑏 − 𝑑
Show that R is an equivalence relation.
9. A relation R on set 𝐴 = {– 4, – 3, – 2, – 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4} be defined as 𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑥 + 𝑦 is an integer divisible by
2}. Show that R is an equivalence relation. Also, write the equivalence class [2].
10. A relation R on set 𝐴 = {𝑥: − 10 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 10, 𝑥 ∈ 𝑍} is defined as 𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑦): (𝑥 − 𝑦) is divisible by 5}. Show
that R is an equivalence relation. Also, write the equivalence class [5].
 𝑥−2
11. Let 𝐴 = 𝑅 − {3} and 𝐵 = 𝑅 − {𝑎}. Find the value of ‘a’ such that the function 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵 defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥−3
is onto. Also, check whether the given function is one-one or not.
𝑥−3
12. (a) Let A = R − {5} and B = R − {1}. Consider the function f: A → B, defined by f(𝑥) = 𝑥−5. Show that f is one-
one and onto.
OR

(b) Check whether the relation 𝑆 in the set of real numbers 𝑅 defined by S = {(a, b) : where a − b + √2 is an
irrational number } is reflexive, symmetric or transitive.
13. Check whether the relation S in the set of all real numbers (ℝ) defined by 𝑆 = {(𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑎 ≤ 𝑏 3 } is reflexive,
symmetric or transitive.
14. Check whether the relation S in the set of all real numbers (ℝ) defined by 𝑆 = {(𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑎 ≤ 𝑏 3 } is reflexive,
symmetric or transitive. Also, determine all 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 such that (𝑥, 𝑥) ∈ 𝑆.
15. Prove that the relation R in the set of integers 𝑍 defined as 𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏): 2 divides (𝑎 + 𝑏)} is an equivalence 15.
Also, determine [3].
SECTION –E
[This section comprises of 3 case- study/passage based questions of 4 marks each with sub parts. The first two case
study questions have three sub parts (i), (ii), (iii) of marks 1,1,2 respectively. The third case study question has two
sub parts of 2 marks each.)
2023
1. An organization conducted bike race under two different categories - Boys and Girls. There were 28 participants
in all. Among all of them, finally three from category 1 and two from category 2 were selected for the final race.
Ravi forms two sets B and G with these participants for his college project.
Let 𝐵 = {𝑏1 , 𝑏2 , 𝑏3 } and 𝐺 = {𝑔1 , 𝑔2 }, where B represents the set of Boys selected and G the set of Girls selected
for the final race.

Based on the above information, answer the following questions:

(I) How many relations are possible from B to G ?
(II) Among all the possible relations from B to G , how many functions can be formed from B to G ?
(III) Let R: B → B be defined by R = {(𝑥, y): 𝑥 and y are students of the same sex}. Check if 𝑅 is an equivalence
relation.
OR
(III) A function f: B → G be defined by f = {(b1 , g1 ), (b2 , g 2 ), (b3 , g1 )}.
Check if f is bijective. Justify your answer.
2024
2. (a) Students of a school are taken to a railway museum to learn about railways heritage and its history.

An exhibit in the museum depicted many rail lines on the track near the railway station. Let L be the set of all
rail lines on the railway track and 𝑅 be the relation on 𝐿 defined by
R = {(𝑙1 , 𝑙2 ): 𝑙1 is parallel to 𝑙2 }
On the basis of the above information, answer the following questions :
(i) Find whether the relation R is symmetric or not.
(ii) Find whether the relation 𝑅 is transitive or not.
(iii) If one of the rail lines on the railway track is represented by the equation y = 3𝑥 + 2, then find the set of
rail lines in R related to it.
OR
(b) Let S be the relation defined by S = {(𝑙1 , 𝑙2 ): 𝑙1 is perpendicular to 𝑙2 } check whether the relation S is
symmetric and transitive.
3. An organization conducted bike race under 2 different categories-boys and girls. In all, there were 𝟐𝟓𝟎
participants. Among all of them finally three from Category 1 and two from Category 2 were selected for the
final race. Ravi forms two sets 𝐵 and 𝐺 with these participants for his college project.
Let 𝐵 = {𝑏1 , 𝑏2 , 𝑏3 }, 𝐺 = {𝑔1 , 𝑔2 } where 𝐵 represents the set of boys selected and 𝐺 the set of girls who were
selected for the final race.
Ravi decides to explore these sets for various types of relations and functions.
On the basis of the above information, answer the following questions:
(i) Ravi wishes to form all the relations possible from 𝐵 to 𝐺. How many such relations are possible?
(ii) Write the smallest equivalence relation on 𝐆.
(iii) (a) Ravi defines a relation from B to B as 𝑹1 = {(𝑏1 , 𝑏2 ), (𝑏2 , 𝑏1 )}. Write the minimum ordered pairs to be
added in 𝑹𝟏 so that it becomes (A) reflexive but not symmetric, (B) reflexive and symmetric but not transitive.
OR

(iii) (b) If the track of the final race (for the biker 𝑏1 ) follows the curve 𝑥 2 = 4𝑦; ( where 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 20√2&0 ≤
𝑦 ≤ 200), then state whether the track represents a one-one and onto function or not. (Justify).
 XII MATHEMATICS
PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS (2023 & 2024)
INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
SECTION A
This section comprises multiple choice questions (MCQs) of 1 mark each.
2023
𝜋 1
1. sin⁡ [ 3 + sin−1 ⁡ (2)] is equal to
1 1 1
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4

Assertion and Reason

Questions number 19 and 20 are Assertion and Reason based questions carrying 1 mark each. Two statements are given,
one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d)
as given below.
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true and Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false and Reason (R) is true.
2023
3𝜋 𝜋 5𝜋
2. Assertion (A): The range of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 2sin−1 ⁡ 𝑥 + 2
, where x ∈ [−1,1], is [ 2 ,2
].

Reason (R): The range of the principal value branch of sin−1 ⁡(x) is [0, 𝜋].
3. Assertion (A): Maximum value of (cos −1 ⁡ 𝑥)2 is 𝜋 2 .
−𝜋 𝜋
Reason (R): Range of the principal value branch of cos −1 ⁡ 𝑥 is [ 2 , 2 ].

4. Assertion (A): Range of [sin−1 ⁡ x + 2cos −1 ⁡ x] is [0, 𝜋].

𝜋 𝜋
Reason (R): Principal value branch of sin−1 ⁡ x has range [− 2 , 2 ].

5. Assertion (A): All trigonometric functions have their inverses over their respective domains.
Reason (R): The inverse of tan−1 ⁡ x exists for some x ∈ ℝ.
𝜋
6. Assertion (A) : The principal value of cot −1 ⁡(√3) is 6 .

Reason (R) : Domain of cot −1 ⁡ x is ℝ − {−1,1}.

2024
7. Assertion (A) : Domain of y = cos −1 ⁡(𝑥) is [−1,1].
𝜋
Reason (R) : The range of the principal value branch of 𝑦 = cos−1 ⁡(𝑥) is [0, 𝜋]− { 2 }.
13𝜋 𝜋
8. Assertion (A) : cos−1 ⁡ (cos⁡ ) is equal to .
6 6

Reason (𝑅) : The range of the principal value branch of the function y = cos−1 ⁡ x is [0, 𝜋].

SECTION-B
This section comprises Very Short Answer Type questions (VSA) of 2 marks each.
2023
3𝜋 3𝜋
1. (b) Evaluate : sin−1 ⁡ (sin⁡ 4
)+ cos−1 ⁡ (cos⁡ 4
) + tan−1 ⁡(1)
 3𝜋
2. (a) Evaluate sin−1 ⁡ (sin⁡ 4
) + cos −1 ⁡(cos⁡ 𝜋) + tan−1 ⁡(1).

OR
(b) Draw the graph of cos −1 ⁡ 𝑥, where 𝑥 ∈ [−1,0]. Also, write its range.
1 √3
3. (a) Evaluate : 3sin−1 ⁡ ( 2) + 2cos−1 ⁡ ( 2 ) + cos −1 ⁡(0)
√

OR
1 1
(b) Draw the graph of 𝑓(𝑥) = sin−1 ⁡ 𝑥, 𝑥 ∈ [− , ]. Also, write range of 𝑓(𝑥).
√2 √2

4. (a) Find the domain of 𝑦 = sin−1 ⁡(𝑥 2 − 4).

OR
7𝜋
(b) Evaluate: cos −1 ⁡ [cos⁡ (− 3
)]

5. Write the domain and range (principle value branch) of the following functions: 𝑓(𝑥) = tan−1 𝑥
6. Draw the graph of the principal branch of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = cos −1 𝑥.
1
7. Find the value of tan−1 ⁡ [2cos⁡ (2sin−1 ⁡ 2)] + tan−1 ⁡ 1.
33𝜋
8. Find the value of sin−1 ⁡ (cos⁡ ( )).
5

OR
Find the domain of sin−1 ⁡(𝑥 2 − 4).
cos⁡ 𝑥
9. (a) Simplify : tan−1 ⁡ (1−sin⁡ 𝑥)

2024
1 1 𝜋
10. (a) Find the value of tan−1 ⁡ (− )+ cot −1 ⁡ ( ) + tan−1 ⁡ [sin⁡ (− )].
√3 √3 2

OR
(b) Find the domain of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = sin−1 ⁡(𝑥 2 − 4). Also, find its range.

1 √3 4𝜋
11. (a) Find the value of sin−1 ⁡ (− 2) + cos −1 ⁡ (− 2
)+ cot −1 ⁡ (tan⁡ 3
).

OR
(b) Find the domain of 𝑓(𝑥) = cos−1 ⁡(1 − 𝑥 2 ). Also, find its range.
1 1
12. Evaluate: sec 2 ⁡ (tan−1 ⁡ 2) + cosec 2 ⁡ (cot −1 ⁡ 3)
3
13. Find the value of [sin2 ⁡ {cos−1 ⁡ (5)} + tan2 ⁡{sec −1 ⁡(3)}].
1
14. Evaluate: cot 2 ⁡{cosec −1 ⁡ 3} + sin2 ⁡ {cos −1 ⁡ ( )}
3
cos⁡ 𝑥 −𝜋 𝜋
15. (a) Express tan−1 ⁡ (1−sin⁡ 𝑥), where 2
< 𝑥 < 2 in the simplest form.

OR
1 1
(b) Find the principal value of tan−1 ⁡(1) + cos −1 ⁡ (− 2) + sin−1 ⁡ (− ).
√2
cos⁡ 𝑥 −𝜋 𝜋
16. (a) Express tan−1 ⁡ (1−sin⁡ 𝑥), where 2
< 𝑥 < 2 in the simplest form.

OR
1 1
(b) Find the principal value of tan−1 ⁡(1) + cos −1 ⁡ (− ) + sin−1 ⁡ (− ).
2 √2
√3 𝜋
17. Find value of 𝑘 if sin−1 ⁡ [k⁡tan (2cos−1 ⁡ 2
)] = 3
 √2 1 1
18. If a = sin−1 ⁡ ( 2 ) + cos−1 ⁡ (− 2) and 𝑏 = tan−1 ⁡(√3) − cot −1 ⁡ (− ) then find the value of 𝑎 + 𝑏.
√3
𝑥 √3−3𝑥 2 1
19. Simplify : cos−1 ⁡ 𝑥 + cos−1 ⁡ [ + ];2 ≤𝑥≤1
2 2
𝜋
20. If cot −1(3𝑥 + 5) > , then find the range of the values of 𝑥.
4
1 1
21. Find the value of cos −1 ⁡ (2) − tan−1 ⁡ (− )+ cosec −1 ⁡(−2).
√3
13𝜋 𝜋
22. Evaluate: sin−1 ⁡ (sin⁡ )+ cos −1 ⁡ (cos⁡ ) + tan−1 ⁡(√3)
6 3
3𝜋 13𝜋 1
23. Find the value of tan−1 ⁡ (tan⁡ )+ cos−1 ⁡ (cos⁡ ) + sin−1 ⁡ (− ).
5 6 2

SECTION –E
[This section comprises of 3 case- study/passage based questions of 4 marks each with sub parts. The first two case
study questions have three sub parts (i), (ii), (iii) of marks 1,1,2 respectively. The third case study question has two
sub parts of 2 marks each.)
2024
1. If a function 𝑓: 𝑋 → 𝑌 defined as 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑦 is one-one and onto, then we can define a unique function g: Y → X
such that g(y) = x, where x ∈ X and 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥), 𝑦 ∈ 𝑌. Function 𝑔 is called the inverse of function 𝑓.
The domain of sine function is 𝑅 and function sine : 𝑅 → 𝑅 is neither one-one nor onto. The following graph
shows the sine function.

Let sine function be defined from set 𝐴 to [−1,1] such that inverse of sine function exists, i.e., sin−1 ⁡ x is defined
from [−1,1] to A .
On the basis of the above information, answer the following questions :
(i) If A is the interval other than principal value branch, give an example of one such interval.
1
(ii) If sin−1 ⁡(x) is defined from [−1,1] to its principal value branch, find the value of sin−1 ⁡ (− ) − sin−1 ⁡(1).
2

(iii) (a) Draw the graph of sin−1 ⁡ x from [−1,1] to its principal value branch.
OR
(iii) (b) Find the domain and range of 𝑓(𝑥) = 2sin−1 ⁡(1 − 𝑥).
 XII MATHEMATICS
PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS (2023 & 2024)
MATRICES AND DETERMINANTS
SECTION A
This section comprises multiple choice questions (MCQs) of 1 mark each.
2023
1. If for a square matrix 𝐴, 𝐴2 − 3𝐴 + 𝐼 = 𝑂 and 𝐴−1 = 𝑥𝐴 + 𝑦𝐼, then the value of 𝑥 + 𝑦 is :
(a) – 2 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) – 3
2. If |𝐴| = 2, where 𝐴 is a 2 × 2 matrix, then |4𝐴11 | equals :
1
(a) 4 (b) 2 (c) 8 (d) 32

3. Let A be a 3 × 3 matrix such that |adj⁡ A| = 64. Then |A| is equal to :

(a) 8 only (b) -8 only (c) 64 (d) 8 or -8
3 4
4. If 𝐴 = [ ] and 2𝐴 + 𝐵 is a null matrix, then 𝐵 is equal to :
5 2
6 8 −6 −8 5 8 −5 −8
(a) [ ] (b) [ ] (c) [ ] (d) [ ]
10 4 −10 −4 10 3 −10 −3
0 1
5. If 𝐴 = [ ] and (3𝐼 + 4𝐴)(3𝐼 − 4𝐴) = 𝑥 2 𝐼, then the value (𝑠)𝑥 is/are :
−1 0
(a) ±√7 (b) 0 (c) ±5 (d) 25
𝐴−1 1
6. If |
2
| = 𝑘|𝐴|, where 𝐴 is a 3 × 3 matrix, then the value of 𝑘 is :
1 1
(a) 8 (b) 8 (c) 2 (d) 2

x 2
7. If [ ] is a singular matrix, then the product of all possible values of 𝑥 is :
3 x−1
(a) 6 (b) – 6 (c) 0 (d) – 7
0 1
8. If 𝐴 = [ ], then 𝐴2023 is equal to
0 0
0 1 0 2023 0 0 2023 0
(A) [ ] (B) [ ] (C) [ ] (D) [ ]
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2023
2 0
9. If [ ] = P + Q, where P is a symmetric and Q is a skew symmetric matrix, then Q is equal to
5 4
2 5/2 0 −5/2 0 5/2 2 −5/2
(A) [ ] (B) [ ] (C) [ ] (D) [ ]
5/2 4 5/2 0 −5/2 0 5/2 4
1 2 1
10. If [2 3 1] is non-singular matrix and a ∈ A, then the set A is
3 a 1
(A) ℝ (B) {0} (C) {4} (D) ℝ − {4}
11. If |A| = |kA|, where A is a square matrix of order 2 , then sum of all possible values of 𝑘 is
(A) 1 (B) – 1 (C) 2 (D) 0
𝑎 𝑐 𝑒 2
12. If (𝑎, 𝑏), (𝑐, 𝑑) and (𝑒, 𝑓) are the vertices of △ 𝐴𝐵𝐶 and Δ denotes the area of △ 𝐴𝐵𝐶, then |𝑏 𝑑 𝑓 | is equal
1 1 1
to
(A) 2Δ2 (B) 4Δ2 (C) 2Δ (D) 4Δ
13. If A is a 2 × 3 matrix such that 𝐴𝐵 and 𝐴𝐵′ both are defined, then order of the matrix B is
(A) 2 × 2 (B) 2 × 1 (C) 3 × 2 (D) 3 × 3
14. Number of symmetric matrices of order 3 × 3 with each entry 1 or – 1 is
(A) 512 (B) 64 (C) 8 (D) 4
1 4 𝑥
15. If 𝐴 = [ 𝑧𝐺 𝑅2 𝑦] is asymmetric matrix, then the value of 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 is:
−3 −1 3
(a) 10 (b) 6 (c) 8 (d) 0
3 0 0
16. If 𝐴 ⋅ (adj⁡ 𝐴) = [0 3 0], then the value of |𝐴| + |adj⁡ 𝐴| is equal to :
0 0 3
(a) 12 (b) 9 (c) 3 (d) 27
17. A and B are skew-symmetric matrices of same order. AB is symmetric, if :
(a) AB = O (b) ⁡AB = −BA (c) AB = BA (d) BA = O
𝜋 cos 𝑥 sin 𝑥
18. For what value of 𝑥 ∈ [0, ], is 𝐴 + 𝐴′ = √3𝐼, where 𝐴 = [ ]?
2 − sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
(a) 3 (b) 6 (c) 0 (d) 2
19. Let 𝐴 be the area of a triangle having vertices (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ), (𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ) and (x3 , y3 ). Which of the following is correct?
x1 y1 1 x1 y1 1
(a) |x2 y2 1| = ±A⁡ (b) |x2 y2 1| = ±2 A
x3 y3 1 x3 y3 1
x1 y1 1 x1 y1 12
𝐴
(c) |x2 y2 1| = ± (d) |x2 y2 1| = A2
2
x3 y3 1 x3 y3 1
20. Let A be a skew-symmetric matrix of order 3. If |𝐴| = 𝑥, then (2023)𝑥 is equal to:
1
(a) 2023 (b) 2023 (c) (2023)2 (d) 1
1 0 1 1
21. If 𝐴 = [ ] and 𝐵 = [ ], then 𝐵′ 𝐴′ is equal to:
0 0 0 0
1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0
(a) [ ] (b) [ ] (c) [ ] (d) [ ]
0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0
22. A and B are square matrices of same order. If (𝐴 + 𝐵)2 = 𝐴2 + 𝐵2 , then:
(a) 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐵𝐴 (b) 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐵𝐴 (c) 𝐴𝐵 = 𝑂 (d) 𝐵𝐴 = 𝑂
1 2 4
23. If 𝑥 [ ] + y [ ] = [ ], then:
2 5 9
(a) x = 1, y = 2 (b) x = 2, y = 1 (c) x = 1, y = −1 (d) x = 3, y = 2
𝑎 𝑏 𝑎 −𝑏
24. The product [ ][ ] is equal to :
−𝑏 𝑎 𝑏 𝑎
2 2 (𝑎 + 𝑏)2 0
(a) [𝑎 + 𝑏 0 ] (b) [ ]
0 𝑎 + 𝑏2
2
(𝑎 + 𝑏)2 0
2 2 a 0
(c) [𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 0] (d) [ ]
𝑎 +𝑏 0 0 b
25. If A is a square matrix and A2 = A, then (𝐼 + 𝐴)2 − 3 A is equal to :
(a) 𝐼 (b) 𝐴 (c) 2⁡𝐴 (d) 3⁡𝐼
26. If a matrix 𝐴 = [1 2 3], then the matrix 𝐴𝐴′ (where 𝐴′ is the transpose of 𝐴) is :
1 0 0 1 2 3
(a) 14 (b) [0 2 0] (c) [2 3 1] (d) [14]
0 0 3 3 1 2
 𝑥+𝑦 𝑦+𝑧 𝑧+𝑥
27. The value of | 𝑧 𝑥 𝑦 | is
1 1 1
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) x + y + z (d) 2(𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧)
1 1 1 𝑥 6
28. 𝑦
If [0 1 1] [ ] = [3] then the value of (2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝑧) is :
0 0 1 𝑧 2
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 5
2 7 1
29. The value of the determinant | 1 1 1| is:
10 8 1
(a) 47 (b) – 79 (c) 49 (d) – 51
30. If A is a 3 × 4 matrix and 𝐵 is a matrix such that 𝐴′𝐵 and 𝐴𝐵′ are both defined, then the order of the matrix B
is:
(a) 3 × 4 (b) 3 × 3 (c) 4 × 4 (d) 4 × 3
31. If the area of a triangle with vertices (2, −6), (5, 4) and (𝑘, 4) is 35 sq units, then 𝑘 is
(a) 12 (b) – 2 (c) – 12, – 2 (d) 12, – 2
32. If for a square matrix 𝐴, 𝐴2 − 𝐴 + 𝐼 = 𝑂, then 𝐴−1 equals
(a) A (b) A + I (c) I − A (d) A − I
1 0 𝑥 0
33. If A = [ ],B = [ ] and A = B 2 , then 𝑥 equals
2 1 1 1
(a) ±1 (b) −1 (c) 1 (d) 2
𝛼 3 4
34. If |1 2 1| = 0, then the value of 𝛼 is
1 4 1
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
1, when 𝑖 ≠ 𝑗
35. If 𝐴 = [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ] is a square matrix of order 2 such that 𝑎𝑖𝑗 = { , then 𝐴2 is
0, when 𝑖 = 𝑗
1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0
(a) [ ] (b) [
] (c) [ ] (d) [ ]
1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
6 0 −1
36. The value of the determinant |2 1 4 | is
1 1 3
(a) 10 (b) 8 (c) 7 (d) – 7
5 𝑥
37. If 𝐴 = [ ] and 𝐴 = 𝐴𝑇 , where 𝐴T is the transpose of the matrix 𝐴, then
𝑦 0
(a) 𝑥 = 0, y = 5 (b) 𝑥 = 𝑦 (c) 𝑥 + y = 5 (d) 𝑥 = 5, 𝑦 = 0
38. If for a square matrix 𝐴, 𝐴2 − 𝐴 + 𝐼 = 𝑂, then 𝐴−1 equals
(a) 𝐴 (b) A + I (c) 𝐼 − 𝐴 (d) 𝐴 − 𝐼
1, when 𝑖 ≠ 𝑗
39. If 𝐴 = [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ] is a square matrix of order 2 such that 𝑎𝑖𝑗 = { , then 𝐴2 is
0, when 𝑖 = 𝑗
1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0
(a) [ ] (b) [ ] (c) [ ] (d) [ ]
1 0 2×2 0 0 2×2 1 0 2×2 0 1 2×2
40. If 𝑨 and 𝑩 are invertible square matrices of the same order, then which of the following is not correct?
|𝐀| 1
(a) |𝐀𝐁| = |𝐁| (b) |(𝐴𝐵)−1 | = |𝐴||𝐁|

(c) (𝐴𝐵)−1 = 𝐵−1 𝐴−1 (d) (𝐴 + 𝐵)−1 = 𝐵−1 + 𝐴−1

41. If the area of the triangle with vertices (−3,0), (3,0) and (0, 𝑘) is 9 squnits, then the value/s of 𝒌 will be
(a) 9 (b) ±3 (c) −9 (d) 6
 0 2𝑥 − 1 √𝑥
42. The value of |𝐴|, if 𝐴 = [1 − 2𝑥 0 2√𝑥 ], where 𝑥 ∈ ℝ+, is
−√𝑥 −2√𝑥 0
(a) (2𝑥 + 1)2 (b) 0 (c) (2𝑥 + 1)3 (d) (2𝑥 − 1)2
43. Given that 𝑨 is a square matrix of order 3 and |𝑨| = −𝟐, then |𝒂𝒅𝒋(𝟐𝐀)| is equal to
(a) −𝟐6 (b) +4 (c) −28 (d) 28
2024
44. If a matrix has 36 elements, the number of possible orders it can have, is:
(A) 13 (B) 3 (C) 5 (D) 9
𝑥+𝑦 2 6 2 24 24
45. If [ ]=[ ], then the value of ( 𝑥 + 𝑦 ) is :
5 𝑥𝑦 5 8
(A) 7 (B) 6 (C) 8 (D) 18
𝑥+1 𝑥−1
46. | 2 | is equal to :
𝑥 + 𝑥 + 1 𝑥2 − 𝑥 + 1
(A) 2x 3 (B) 2 (C) 0 (D) 2x 3 − 2
47. If A and B are two non-zero square matrices of same order such that (𝐴 + 𝐵)2 = 𝐴2 + 𝐵2 , then :
(A) 𝐴𝐵 = 𝑂 (B) 𝐴𝐵 =⁡– 𝐵𝐴 (C) 𝐵𝐴 = 𝑂 (D) 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐵𝐴
2 −3 5
48. If 𝑎𝑖𝑗 and 𝐴𝑖𝑗 represent the (𝑖𝑗)th element and its cofactor of [6 0 4] respectively, then the value of
1 5 −7
𝑎11 𝐴21 + 𝑎12 𝐴22 + 𝑎13 𝐴23 is :
(A) 0 (B) – 28 (C) 114 (D) – 114
49. If matrices A and B are of order 1 × 3 and 3 × 1 respectively, then the order of 𝐴′𝐵′ is:
(A) 1 × 1 (B) 3 × 1 (C) 1 × 3 (D) 3 × 3
50. If the sum of all the elements of a 3 × 3 scalar matrix is 9, then the product of all its elements is:
(A) 0 (B) 9 (C) 27 (D) 729
−𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
51. If | 𝑎 −𝑏 𝑐| = kabc, then the value of 𝑘 is :
𝑎 𝑏 −𝑐
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 4
52. If 𝐴 = [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ] be a 3 × 3 matrix, where 𝑎𝑖𝑗 = 𝑖 − 3𝑗, then which of the following is false ?
(A) a11 < 0 (B) 𝑎12 + 𝑎21 = −6 (C) a13 > a31 (D) 𝑎31 = 0
cos⁡ 𝑥 −sin⁡ 𝑥 0
53. If 𝐹(𝑥) = [ sin⁡ 𝑥 cos⁡ 𝑥 0] and [𝐹(𝑥)]2 = 𝐹(𝑘𝑥), then the value of 𝑘 is :
0 0 1
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 0 (D) – 2
54. The number of all scalar matrices of order 3, with each entry – 1, 0 or 1, is:
(A) 1 (B) 3 (C) 2 (D) 39
tan⁡ 𝑥 1 𝜋
55. If for the matrix 𝐴 = [ ] , 𝐴 + 𝐴′ = 2√3𝐼, then the value of x ∈ [0, 2 ] is :
−1 tan⁡ 𝑥
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
(A) 0 (B) 4 (C) 3 (D) 6

56. If A = [aij ] is an identity matrix, then which of the following is true?

0, if 𝑖=𝑗
(A) 𝑎𝑖𝑗 = { (B) aij = 1, ∀i, j
1, if 𝑖≠𝑗
0, if 𝑖≠𝑗
(C) 𝑎𝑖𝑗 = 0, ∀i, j (D) ⁡𝑎𝑖𝑗 = {
1, if 𝑖=𝑗
 𝑎 𝑏
57. Let 𝐴 = [ ] be a square matrix such that adj⁡ 𝐴 = 𝐴. Then, (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 + 𝑑) is equal to :
𝑐 𝑑
(A) 2a (B) 2b (C) 2c (D) 0
58. If 𝐴 and 𝐵 are two skew symmetric matrices, then (𝐴𝐵 + 𝐵𝐴) is :
(A) a skew symmetric matrix (B) a symmetric matrix
(C) a null matrix (D) an identity matrix
1 3 1
59. If |𝑘 0 1| = ±6, then the value of 𝑘 is :
0 0 1
(A) 2 (B) -2 (C) ±2 (D) ∓2
2 0 0
60. If 𝐴 = [0 3 0], then 𝐴−1 is :
0 0 5
1 1 1
2
0 0 2
0 0 2
0 0
2 0 0
1 1 1 1 1
(A) 0 3
0 (B) 30 0 3
0 (C) [0 3 0] (D) 0 3
0
30 30
1 1 0 0 5 1
[0 0 5] [0 0 5] [0 0 5]

61. For any square matrix 𝐴, (𝐴 − 𝐴′ ) is always

(A) an identity matrix (B) a null matrix
(C) a skew symmetric matrix (D) a symmetric matrix
62. If A = [aij ] is an identity matrix, then which of the following is true ?
0, if 𝑖=𝑗
(A) ⁡𝑎𝑖𝑗 = { (B) aij = 1, ∀I, j
1, if 𝑖≠𝑗
0, if 𝑖≠𝑗
(C) aij = 0, ∀i, j (D) ⁡𝑎𝑖𝑗 = {
1, if 𝑖=𝑗
8 2 7
63. The value of |12 3 5| is
16 4 3
(A) 0 (B) 2 (C) 7 (D) -2
𝑎 𝑐 0
64. If [𝑏 𝑑 0] is a scalar matrix, then the value of 𝑎 + 2𝑏 + 3𝑐 + 4𝑑 is :
0 0 5
(A) 0 (B) 5 (C) 10 (D) 25
1 2 1
65. Given that A−1 = 7 [ ], matrix A is :
−3 2
2 −1 2 −1 1 2 −1 1 2 −1
(A) 7 [ ] (B) [ ] (C) [ ] (D) [ ]
3 2 3 2 7 3 2 49 3 2
2 1
66. If 𝐴 = [ ], then the value of 𝐼 − 𝐴 + 𝐴2 − 𝐴3 + ⋯ is :
−4 −2
−1 −1 3 1 0 0 1 0
(A) [ ] (B) [ ] (C) [ ] (D) [ ]
4 3 −4 −1 0 0 0 1
−2 0 0
67. If 𝐴 = [ 1 2 3 ], then the value of ∣ 𝐴 (adj. 𝐴 ) | is :
5 1 −1
(A) 100 I (B) 10 I (C) 10 (D) 1000
4 0
68. Given that [1 𝑥 ] [ ] = 0, the value of 𝑥 is :
−2 0
(A) -4 (B) -2 (C) 2 (D) 4
1 2 1
69. Given that A−1 = 7 [ ], matrix A is :
−3 2
 2 −1 2 −1 1 2 −1 1 2 −1
(A) 7 [ ] (B) [ ] (C) 7 [ ] (D) 49 [ ]
3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2
3 1
70. If 𝐴 = [ ] and 𝐴2 + 7I = kA, then the value of k is :
−1 2
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 5 (D) 7
1 −1 2 −2 0 1
1
71. Let 𝐴 = [0 2 −3] and 𝐵 = [ 9 2 −3]. If 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐼, then the value of 𝜆 is :
3
3 −2 4 6 1 𝜆
−9 −3
(A) 4
(B) ⁡ − 2 (C) 2
(D) 0
𝑎 𝑐 −1
72. If 𝐴 = [𝑏 0 5 ] is a skew-symmetric matrix, then the value of 2𝑎 − (𝑏 + 𝑐) is :
1 −5 0
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) -10 (D) 10
73. If 𝐴 is a square matrix of order 3 such that the value of |adj ⋅ 𝐴| = 8, then the value of |𝐴𝑇 | is :
(A) √2 (B) −√2 (C) 8 (D) 2√2
7 −3 −3 1 3 3
74. If inverse of matrix [−1 1 0 ] is the matrix [1 𝜆 3], then value of 𝜆 is :
−1 0 1 1 3 4
(A) -4 (B) 1 (C) 3 (D) 4
5
−2
75. If [𝑥 2 0] [−1] = [3 1] [ ], then value of 𝑥 is :
𝑥
𝑥
(A) -1 (B) 0 (C) 1 (D) 2
76. Find the matrix 𝐴2 , where A = [aij ] is a 2 × 2 matrix whose elements are given by aij =maximum (i, j) −
minimum (i, j) :
0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1
(A) [ ] (B) [ ] (C) [ ] (D) [ ]
0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1
77. If 𝐴 is a square matrix of order 2 and |𝐴| = −2, then value of |5𝐴′ | is :
(A) -50 (B) -10 (C) 10 (D) 50
78. The product of matrix P and Q is equal to a diagonal matrix. If the order of matrix Q is 3 × 2, then order of matrix
P is :
(A) 2 × 2 (B) 3 × 3 (C) 2 × 3 (D) 3 × 2
2 −1 1
79. For the matrix A = [𝜆 2 0] to be invertible, the value of 𝜆 is :
1 −2 3
(A) 0 (B) 10 (C) ℝ − {10} (D) ℝ − {−10}
𝑥 0 4 0
80. If A = [ ] and B = [ ], then value of 𝑥 for which A2 = B is :
1 1 −1 1
(A) ⁡ − 2 (B) 2 (C) 2 or -2 (D) 4
𝑥2 sin⁡ 𝑥
81. Let f(𝑥) = | |, where p is a constant. The value of p for which 𝑓 ′ (0) = 1 is :
p −1
(A) ℝ (B) 1 (C) 0 (D) -1
7 −3 −3 1 3 3
82. If inverse of matrix [−1 1 0 ] is the matrix [1 𝜆 3], then value of 𝜆 is :
−1 0 1 1 3 4
(A) -4 (B) 1 (C) 3 (D) 4
 2025 0 0
83. If for a square matrix 𝐴, ⁡𝐴. (adj⁡ 𝐴) = [ 0 2025 0 ], then the value of |𝐴| + |𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴| is equal to:
0 0 2025
(A) 1 (B) 𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟓 + 𝟏 (C) (𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟓)2 + 45 (D) 2025 + (2025)2
84. Assume 𝑿, 𝒀, 𝒁, 𝑾 and 𝑃 are matrices of order 2 × 𝑛, 3 × 𝑘, 2 × 𝑝, 𝑛 × 3 and 𝑝 × 𝑘, respectively. Then the
restriction on 𝒏, 𝒌 and 𝒑 so that 𝑷𝒀 + 𝑾𝒀 will be defined are:
(A) 𝑘 = 3, 𝑝 = 𝑛 (B) 𝑘 is arbitrary, 𝑝 = 2
(C) 𝑝 is arbitrary, 𝑘 = 3 (D) 𝑘 = 2, 𝑝 = 3
85. If 𝐴 and 𝐵 are non-singular matrices of same order with det⁡(𝐴) = 5, then det⁡(𝐵−1 𝐴𝐵)2 is equal to
(A) 5 (B) 52 (C) 54 (D) 55
86. If the points (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ), (𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ) and (𝑥1 + 𝑥2 , 𝑦1 + 𝑦2 ) are collinear, then 𝑥1 𝑦2 is equal to
(A) 𝑥2 𝑦1 (B) 𝑥1 𝑦1 (C) 𝑥2 𝑦2 (D) 𝑥1 𝑥2
0 1 𝑐
87. If 𝐴 = [−1 𝑎 −𝑏] is a skew-symmetric matrix then the value of 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 =
2 3 0
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
Assertion and Reason
Questions number 19 and 20 are Assertion and Reason based questions carrying 1 mark each. Two statements are given,
one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer from the codes (a), (b), (c) and
(d) as given below.
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true and Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false and Reason (R) is true.
2023
1. Assertion (A) : If a line makes angles 𝛼, 𝛽, 𝛾 with positive direction of the coordinate axes, then sin2 𝛼 + sin2 𝛽 +
sin2 𝛾 = 2.
Reason (R) : The sum of squares of the direction cosines of a line is 1.
2024
1 cos⁡ 𝜃 1
2. Assertion (A) : For matrix 𝐴 = [−cos⁡ 𝜃 1 cos⁡ 𝜃 ], where 𝜃 ∈ [0,2𝜋], |A| ∈ [2,4]
−1 −cos⁡ 𝜃 1
Reason (R): cos⁡ 𝜃 ∈ [−1,1], ∀𝜃 ∈ [0,2𝜋]
3. Assertion (A) : For any symmetric matrix 𝐴, 𝐵′𝐴𝐵 is a skew-symmetric matrix.
Reason (R) : A square matrix P is skew-symmetric if 𝑃′ =⁡– ⁡𝑃.
4. Assertion (A) : Every scalar matrix is a diagonal matrix.
Reason (R) : In a diagonal matrix, all the diagonal elements are 0.
SECTION-B
This section comprises Very Short Answer Type questions (VSA) of 2 marks each.
2023
𝑥 𝑦−1 𝑧+1
1. Find the coordinates of points on line 1 = 2
= 2
which are at a distance of √11 units from origin.
 SECTION C
This section comprises short answer (SA) type questions of 3 marks each.
2023
1 2 3
1. If 𝐴 = [3 −2 1], then show that 𝐴3 − 23𝐴 − 40𝐼 = 𝑂.
4 2 1
2. Using determinants, find the area of ∆𝑃𝑄𝑅 with vertices P(3, 1), Q(9, 3) and R(5, 7). Also, find the equation of
line PQ using determinants.
𝑥 sin⁡ 𝜃 cos⁡ 𝜃
3. Show that the determinant |−sin⁡ 𝜃 −𝑥 1 | is independent of 𝜃.
cos⁡ 𝜃 1 𝑥

SECTION D
This section comprises long answer type questions (LA) of 5 marks each.
2023
1 2 −2 3 −1 1
1. (a) If 𝐴 = [−1 3 0] and 𝐵−1 = [−15 6 −5], find (𝐴𝐵)−1 .
0 −2 1 5 −2 2
(b) Solve the following system of equations by matrix method :
𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 6
2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 2
3𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 2𝑧 = 3
−3 −2 −4 1 2 0
2. (a) If A = [ 2 1 2 ] , B = [−2 −1 −2], then find AB and use it to solve the following system of
2 1 3 0 −1 1
equations :
𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 3
2𝑥 − 𝑦 − 𝑧 = 2
−2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 3
OR
cos⁡ 𝛼 −sin⁡ 𝛼 0
(b) If 𝑓(𝛼) = [ sin⁡ 𝛼 cos⁡ 𝛼 0], prove that 𝑓(𝛼) ⋅ 𝑓(−𝛽) = 𝑓(𝛼 − 𝛽)
0 0 1
1 0 2
3. (a) If 𝐴 = [0 2 1], then show that A3 − 6 A2 + 7 A + 2I = O.
2 0 3
3 2
(b) If 𝐴 = [ ], then find 𝐴−1 and use it to solve the following system of equations :
5 −7
3x + 5y = 11,2x − 7y = −3
1 −1 2
4. Find the inverse of the matrix 𝐴 = [0 2 −3]. Using the inverse, 𝐴−1 , solve the system of linear equations
3 −2 4
𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 1; 2𝑦 − 3𝑧 = 1; 3𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 3
5. Using the matrix method, solve the following system of linear equations:
2 3 10 4 6 5 6 9 20
+ + = 4, − + = 1, + − =2
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧 𝑥 𝑦 𝑧 𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
2024
1 −2 0
6. (a) If 𝐴 = [2 −1 −1], find 𝐴−1 and use it to solve the following system of equations :
0 −2 1
𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 10,2𝑥 − 𝑦 − 𝑧 = 8, −2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 7
OR
−1 𝑎 2 1 −1 1
−1 −8 7 −5
(b) If 𝐴 = [ 1 2 x] and 𝐴 = [ ], find the value of (𝑎 + 𝑥) − (𝑏 + 𝑦).
3 1 1 b y 3
7. (a) Solve the following system of equations, using matrices :
2 3 10 4 6 5 6 9 20
x
+y+ z
= 4, ⁡ x − y + z = 1, ⁡ x + y − z
=2

where 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 ≠ 0
OR
1 cot⁡ 𝑥 −cos⁡ 2𝑥 −sin⁡ 2𝑥
(b) If 𝐴 = [ ], show that 𝐴′ 𝐴−1 = [ ].
−cot⁡ 𝑥 1 sin⁡ 2𝑥 −cos⁡ 2𝑥
5 0 4 1 3 3
8. (a) If 𝐴 = [2 3 2] and 𝐵−1 = [1 4 3], find (𝐴𝐵)−1 .
1 2 1 1 3 4
Also, find |(AB)−1 |.
OR
1 1 1
(b) Given 𝐴 = [2 3 2], find 𝐴−1 . Use it to solve the following system of equations:
1 1 2
𝑥+𝑦+𝑧 =1
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 2
𝑥 + 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 4
9. (a) Solve the following system of equations, using matrices :
2 3 10 4 6 5 6 9 20
x
+y+ z
= 4, x − y + z = 1, ⁡ x + y − z
=2

where x, y, z ≠ 0
OR
1 cot⁡ 𝑥 −cos⁡ 2𝑥 −sin⁡ 2𝑥
(b) If 𝐴 = [ ], show that 𝐴′ 𝐴−1 = [ ].
−cot⁡ 𝑥 1 sin⁡ 2𝑥 −cos⁡ 2𝑥
2 1 −3
10. If 𝐴 = [3 2 1 ], find 𝐴−1 and hence solve the following system of equations :
1 2 −1
2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 3𝑧 = 13
3𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 4
𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 𝑧 = 8
1 2 −3 0 1 2
11. Use the product of matrices (3 2 −2) (−7 7 −7) to solve the following system of equations :
2 −1 1 −7 5 −4
𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 3𝑧 = 6
3𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 2𝑧 = 3
2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 2
 1 2 1
12. Find A−1 , if A = [2 3 −1]. Hence, solve the following system of equations :
1 0 1
𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 5
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 1
𝑥−𝑦+𝑧 =8
1 2 −3
13. (a) If A = [2 0 −3], then find A−1 and hence solve the following system of equations :
1 2 0
⁡ 𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 3𝑧 = 1
⁡ 2𝑥 − 3𝑧 = 2
⁡ 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 3
OR
1 2 −3 −6 17 13
(b) Find the product of the matrices [2 3 2 ] [ 14 5 −8] and hence solve the system of linear
3 −3 −4 −15 9 −1
equations:
⁡ 𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 3𝑧 = −4
⁡ 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 2
⁡ 3𝑥 − 3𝑦 − 4𝑧 = 11
14. The equation of the path traversed by the ball headed by the footballer is 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐; ( where 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤
14 and 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 ∈ 𝑅 and 𝑎 ≠ 0) with respect to a XY-coordinate system in the vertical plane. The ball passes
through the points (𝟐, 𝟏𝟓), (𝟒, 𝟐𝟓) and (𝟏𝟒, 𝟏𝟓). Determine the values of 𝑎, 𝑏 and 𝑐 by solving the system of
linear equations in 𝑎, 𝑏 and 𝑐, using matrix method. Also find the equation of the path traversed by the ball.

SECTION –E
[This section comprises of 3 case- study/passage based questions of 4 marks each with sub parts. The first two case
study questions have three sub parts (i), (ii), (iii) of marks 1,1,2 respectively. The third case study question has two
sub parts of 2 marks each.)
2023
1. Gautam buys 5 pens, 3 bags and 1 instrument box and pays a sum of ₹160. From the same shop, Vikram buys 2
pens, 1 bag and 3 instrument boxes and pays a sum of ₹ 190 . Also Ankur buys 1 pen, 2 bags and 4 instrument
boxes and pays a sum of ₹ 250 .
Based on the above information, answer the following questions :
(I) Convert the given above situation into a matrix equation of the form AX = B.
(II) Find |A|.
(III) Find A−1 .
OR
(III) Determine P = A2 − 5 A.
2024
2. A scholarship is a sum of money provided to a student to help him or her pay for education. Some students are
granted scholarships based on their academic achievements, while others are rewarded based on their financial
needs.
Every year a school offers scholarships to girl children and meritorious achievers based on certain criteria. In the
session 2022 – 23, the school offered monthly scholarship of < 3,000 each to some girl students and ₹ 4,000
each to meritorious achievers in academics as well as sports.
In all, 50 students were given the scholarships and monthly expenditure incurred by the school on scholarships
was ₹ 1,80,000.
Based on the above information, answer the following questions :
(i) Express the given information algebraically using matrices.
(ii) Check whether the system of matrix equations so obtained is consistent or not.
(iii) (a) Find the number of scholarships of each kind given by the school, using matrices.
OR
(iii) (b) Had the amount of scholarship given to each girl child and meritorious student been interchanged, what
would be the monthly expenditure incurred by the school?
 XII MATHEMATICS
PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS (2023 & 2024)
CONTINUITY AND DIFFERENTIABILITY
SECTION A
This section comprises multiple choice questions (MCQs) of 1 mark each.
2023
3𝑥 + 5, 𝑥 ≥ 2
1. The value of 𝑘 for which 𝑓(𝑥) = { 2 is a continuous function, is:
𝑘𝑥 𝑥<2
11 4 11
(a) − (b) (c) 11 (d)
4 11 40
2
2. For what value of 𝑘 may the function 𝑓(𝑥) = {𝑘(3𝑥 − 5𝑥), 𝑥 ≤ 0 become continuous?
cos⁡ 𝑥 𝑥>0
1
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) − 2 (d) No value
3. The function 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥| − 𝑥 is:
(a) continuous but not differentiable at 𝑥 = 0.
(b) continuous and differentiable at 𝑥 = 0.
(c) neither continuous nor differentiable at 𝑥 = 0.
(d) differentiable but not continuous at 𝑥 = 0.
𝑥+𝑦 𝑑𝑦
4. If tan⁡ (𝑥−𝑦) = 𝑘, then 𝑑𝑥 is equal to
−y y 𝑦 𝑦
(A) 𝑥
(B) 𝑥 (C) sec 2 ⁡ (𝑥 ) (D) −sec 2 ⁡ (𝑥 )
2
5. The value of 𝑘 for which function 𝑓(𝑥) = {𝑥 , 𝑥 ≥ 0 is differentiable at 𝑥 = 0 is:
𝑘𝑥 x < 0
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) any real number (d) 0
cos⁡ 𝑥−sin⁡ 𝑥 𝑑𝑦
6. If 𝑦 = cos⁡ 𝑥+sin⁡ 𝑥, then 𝑑𝑥 is :
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
(a) −sec 2 ⁡ ( 4 − x) (b) sec 2 ⁡ ( 4 − 𝑥) (c) ⁡log⁡ |sec⁡ ( 4 − 𝑥)| (d) ⁡ − log⁡ |sec⁡ ( 4 − 𝑥)|

7. The function 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥| is

(a) continuous and differentiable everywhere.
(b) continuous and differentiable nowhere.
(c) continuous everywhere, but differentiable everywhere except at x = 0.
(d) continuous everywhere, but differentiable nowhere.
𝑑𝑦
8. If 𝑦 = sin2 ⁡(𝑥 3 ), then 𝑑𝑥 is equal to :

(a) 2sin⁡ 𝑥 3 cos⁡ 𝑥 3 (b) 3𝑥 3 sin⁡ 𝑥 3 cos⁡ 𝑥 3 (c) 6𝑥 2 sin⁡ 𝑥 3 cos⁡ 𝑥 3 (d) 2x 2 sin2 ⁡(x 3 )
𝑑𝑦
9. If 𝑦 = log⁡(sin⁡ 𝑒 𝑥 ), then 𝑑𝑥 is:

(a) ⁡ cot 𝑒 𝑥 (b) cosec ex (c) 𝑒 𝑥 cot⁡ 𝑒 𝑥 (d) 𝑒 𝑥 cosec⁡ 𝑒 𝑥

10. If 𝑓(𝑥) = 2|𝑥| + 3⁡|sin 𝑥| + 6, then the right hand derivative of 𝑓(𝑥) at 𝑥 = 0 is:
(a) 6 (b) 5 (c) 3 (d) 2
11. The derivative of 𝑥 2𝑥 w.r.t. 𝑥 is
(a) 𝑥 2𝑥−1 (b) 2𝑥 2𝑥 log⁡ 𝑥 (c) 2𝑥 2𝑥 (1 + log⁡ 𝑥) (d) 2𝑥 2𝑥 (1 − log⁡ 𝑥)
12. The function f(𝑥) = [𝑥], where [𝑥] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to 𝑥, is continuous at
(a) 𝑥 = 1 (b) 𝑥 = 1.5 (c) 𝑥 = −2 (d) 𝑥 = 4
 𝑑2 𝑥
13. If 𝑥 = 𝐴 cos 4𝑡 + 𝐵⁡sin⁡ 4𝑡, then 𝑑𝑡 2 is equal to
(a) 𝑥 (b) −𝑥 (c) 16𝑥 (d) −16𝑥
14. The function f(𝑥) = 𝑥|𝑥|, 𝑥 ∈ R is differentiable
(a) only at 𝑥 = 0 (b) only at 𝑥 = 1 (c) in 𝑅 (d) in R − {0}
3𝜋
15. If f(𝑥) = |cos⁡ 𝑥|, then f ( 4 ) is
−1 1
(a) 1 (b) – 1 (c) (d)
√2 √2
𝑘𝑥
, if 𝑥 < 0
16. If 𝑓(𝑥) = {|𝑥| is continuous at 𝑥 = 0, then the value of 𝑘 is
3, if 𝑥 ≥ 0
(a) – 3 (b) 0 (c) 3 (d) any real number
17. The set of all points where the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + |𝑥| is differentiable, is
(a) (0, ∞) (b) (−∞, 0) (c) (−∞, 0) ∪ (0, ∞) (d) (−∞, ∞)
𝑑𝑦
18. If (cos⁡ 𝑥)𝑦 = (cos⁡ 𝑦)𝑥 , then 𝑑𝑥 is equal to :
𝑦tan⁡ 𝑥+log⁡(cos⁡ 𝑦) 𝑥tan⁡ 𝑦+log⁡(cos⁡ 𝑥) 𝑦tan⁡ 𝑥−log⁡(cos⁡ 𝑦) 𝑦tan⁡ 𝑥+log⁡(cos⁡ 𝑦)
(a) 𝑥tan⁡ 𝑦−log⁡(cos⁡ 𝑥) (b) 𝑦tan⁡ 𝑥+log⁡(cos⁡ 𝑦) (c) 𝑥tan⁡ 𝑦−log⁡(cos⁡ 𝑥) (d) 𝑥tan⁡ 𝑦+log⁡(cos⁡ 𝑥)

19. If 𝑥 = 𝑎 cos 𝜃 + 𝑏 sin 𝜃 , 𝑦 = 𝑎 sin 𝜃 − 𝑏⁡cos⁡ 𝜃, then which one of the following is true?
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
(a) 𝑦 2 −𝑥 +𝑦 =0 (b) 𝑦 2 +𝑥 +𝑦 =0
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
(c) 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 2 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑦 = 0 (d) 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 2 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑦 = 0
x
20. Derivative of tan−1 ⁡ ( ) with respect to sin−1 ⁡(2x√1 − x 2 ) is :
√1−x2
1 1 1
(a) − (b) (c) 2 (d) −
4 2 2
𝜋 𝑥 𝑑𝑦
21. If 𝑦 = log⁡ [tan⁡ ( 4 + 2)], then 𝑑𝑥 is :

(a) sec⁡ x (b) cosec⁡ 𝑥 (c) tan⁡ 𝑥 (d) sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥

2024
𝑥 2 + 3, 𝑥 ≠ 0
22. Which of the following statements is true for the function 𝑓(𝑥) = { ?
1, 𝑥=0
(A) f(x) is continuous and differentiable ∀x ∈ ℝ
(B) 𝑓(𝑥) is continuous ∀𝑥 ∈ ℝ
(C) ⁡f(x) is continuous and differentiable ∀x ∈ ℝ − {0}
(D) f(x) is discontinuous at infinitely many points
23. The derivative of sin⁡(𝑥 2 ) w.r.t. 𝑥, at 𝑥 = √𝜋 is :
(A) 1 (B) – 1 (C) −2√𝜋 (D) 2√𝜋
24. The number of points, where 𝑓(𝑥) = [𝑥], 0 < 𝑥 < 3⁡([. ] denotes greatest integer function) is not differentiable
is :
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
25. Let 𝑓(𝑥) be a continuous function on [a, b] and differentiable on (a, b). Then, this function f(x) is strictly
increasing in (a, b) if
(A) 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) < 0, ∀⁡𝑥 ∈ (𝑎, 𝑏) (B) 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) > 0, ∀⁡𝑥 ∈ (𝑎, 𝑏)
(C) 𝑓(𝑥) = 0, ∀⁡𝑥 ∈ (𝑎, 𝑏) (D) 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) > 0, ∀⁡𝑥 ∈ (𝑎, 𝑏)
𝑎 𝑑𝑦
26. If 𝑥 = 𝑎𝑡, 𝑦 = 𝑡 , then 𝑑𝑥 is :
1 1
(A) t 2 (B) −t 2 (C) t2 (D) − t2
 |𝑥| + 3, if 𝑥 ≤ −3
27. The number of points of discontinuity of 𝑓(𝑥) = { −2𝑥, if − 3 < 𝑥 < 3 is :
6𝑥 + 2, if 𝑥 ≥ 3
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) infinite
𝑑
28. [cos⁡(log⁡ 𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑥 )] at 𝑥 = 1 is :
𝑑𝑥
(A) −sin⁡ 𝑒 (B) sin⁡ 𝑒 (C) ⁡ − (1 + e)sin⁡ e (D) (1 + e)sin⁡ e
𝑑𝑦
29. If 𝑦 = cos−1 ⁡(𝑒 𝑥 ), then 𝑑𝑥 is :
1 1 1 1
(A) (B) − (C) (D) −
√e−2x +1 √e−2x +1 √e−2x −1 √e−2x −1
30. A function 𝑓(𝑥) = |1 − 𝑥 + |𝑥|| is :
(A) discontinuous at 𝑥 = 1 only (B) discontinuous at x = 0 only
(C) discontinuous at x = 0,1 (D) continuous everywhere
31. The derivative of 5x w.r.t. ex is :
5 x 1 e x 1 5 x e x
(A) (e) log⁡ 5
(B) (5) log⁡ 5
(C) (e) log⁡ 5 (D) (5) log⁡ 5
𝑑2 𝑦
32. If 𝑦 = sin−1 ⁡ 𝑥, then 𝑑𝑥 2 is :
(A) sec⁡ 𝑦 (B) sec 𝑦 tan⁡ 𝑦 (C) sec 2 y tan⁡ y (D) tan2 y sec⁡ y
33. Derivative of e2𝑥 with respect to e𝑥 , is :
(A) 𝑒 𝑥 (B) 2e𝑥 (C) 2e2𝑥 (D) 2e3𝑥
34. For what value of k , the function given below is continuous at 𝑥 = 0 ?
√4+𝑥−2
f(𝑥) = { , 𝑥≠0
𝑥
k , ⁡𝑥 = 0
1
(A) 0 (B) 4 (C) 1 (D) 4
2𝑦 dy
35. If e𝑥 = c, then d𝑥 is :
2
𝑥e𝑥 𝑦 −2y 2𝑦 𝑥
(A) 2y
(B) 𝑥
(C) 𝑥
(D) 2y

36. The value of constant 𝑐 that makes the function 𝑓 defined by

𝑥 2 − c 2, if 𝑥 < 4
f(𝑥) = {
𝑐𝑥 + 20, if 𝑥 ≥ 4
continuous for all real numbers is :
(A) – 2 (B) – 1 (C) 0 (D) 2
37. Derivative of 𝑥 2 with respect to 𝑥 3 , is :
2 3𝑥 2𝑥
(A) 3𝑥 (B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 6𝑥 5
38. The function f(𝑥) = |𝑥| + |𝑥 − 2| is
(A) continuous, but not differentiable at 𝑥 = 0 and 𝑥 = 2.
(B) differentiable but not continuous at 𝑥 = 0 and 𝑥 = 2.
(C) continuous but not differentiable at 𝑥 = 0 only.
(D) neither continuous nor differentiable at 𝑥 = 0 and 𝑥 = 2.
dy
39. If 𝑥ey = 1, then the value of d𝑥 at 𝑥 = 1 is :
1
(A) – 1 (B) 1 (C) −𝑒 (D) −
e
2⁡ 𝑥
40. Derivative of esin with respect to cos⁡ 𝑥 is :
sin2 ⁡ 𝑥 2⁡ 𝑥 2⁡ 𝑥 2⁡ 𝑥
(A) sin⁡ 𝑥e (B) cos⁡ 𝑥esin (C) −2cos⁡ 𝑥esin (D) −2sin2 ⁡ 𝑥cos⁡ 𝑥esin
 𝑑𝑦
41. If sin⁡(𝑥𝑦) = 1, then is equal to :
𝑑𝑥
𝑥 𝑥 y y
(A) 𝑦 (B) − y (C) 𝑥 (D) − 𝑥

42. The function 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑍 defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = [𝑥]; where [.]⁡denotes the greatest integer function, is
(A) Continuous at 𝒙 = 𝟐. 𝟓 but not differentiable at 𝒙 = 𝟐. 𝟓
(B) Not Continuous at 𝒙 = 𝟐. 5 but differentiable at 𝒙 = 𝟐. 𝟓
(C) Not Continuous at 𝒙 = 𝟐. 𝟓 and not differentiable at 𝒙 = 𝟐. 𝟓
(D) Continuous as well as differentiable at 𝒙 = 𝟐. 𝟓
43. The number of discontinuities of the function 𝑓 given by
𝑥 + 2, if 𝑥<0
𝑓(𝑥) = {𝑒 𝑥 , if 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1 is :
2 − 𝑥, if 𝑥>1
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3
1 𝑑𝑦 1
44. Let 𝑦 = 𝑓 (𝑥) and 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑥 3 . What is the value of 𝑑𝑥 at 𝑥 = 2 ?
1 1
(A) − (B) − (C) – 32 (D) – 64
64 32
𝑑𝑦 𝜋2
45. If 𝑦 = log⁡ √sec⁡ √𝑥, then the value of 𝑑𝑥 at 𝑥 = 16 is :
1 1 1
(A) 𝜋 (B) 𝜋 (C) 2 (D) 4
𝑑𝑦
46. If 𝑥 = 3cos⁡ 𝜃 and 𝑦 = 5sin⁡ 𝜃, then is equal to :
𝑑𝑥
3 5 5 3
(A) − tan⁡ 𝜃 (B) − cot⁡ 𝜃 (C) − tan⁡ 𝜃 (D) − cot⁡ 𝜃
5 3 3 5
47. The greatest integer function defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = [𝑥], 1 < 𝑥 < 3 is not differentiable at x =
3
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 2
𝑑𝑦
48. If 𝑥 = 𝑎𝑡 2 and 𝑦 = 2𝑎, then 𝑑𝑥 is equal to :
1 1 1
(A) 2𝑎𝑡 (B) t (C) − t2 (D) − 2𝑎𝑡 3
49. The function 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥| − 𝑥 where 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 is :
(A) continuous and differentiable at 𝑥 = 0 (B) continuous but not differentiable at x = 0
(C) not continuous but differentiable at x = 0 (D) neither continuous nor differentiable at 𝑥 = 0
𝑥
50. If 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 , then 𝑓′(𝑒) is equal to:
(A) 0 (B) 2 (C) 𝑒 𝑒 (D) 2𝑒 𝑒
Assertion and Reason
Questions number 19 and 20 are Assertion and Reason based questions carrying 1 mark each. Two statements are given,
one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer from the codes (a), (b), (c) and
(d) as given below.
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true and Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false and Reason (R) is true.
2024
1. Assertion (A): Consider the function defined as 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥| + |𝑥 − 1|, 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅. Then 𝑓(𝑥) is not differentiable at
𝒙 = 𝟎 and 𝒙 = 𝟏.
Reason (R): Suppose 𝑓 be defined and continuous on (𝑎, 𝑏) and 𝑐 ∈ (𝑎, 𝑏), then 𝑓(𝑥) is not differentiable at
𝑓(𝑐+ℎ)−𝑓(𝑐) 𝑓(𝑐+ℎ)−𝑓(𝑐)
𝑥 = 𝑐 if limℎ→0− ≠ limℎ→0+ .
ℎ ℎ
 SECTION-B
This section comprises Very Short Answer Type questions (VSA) of 2 marks each.
2023
2 𝑑𝑦 2
1. If 𝑦 = (𝑥 + √𝑥 2 − 1) , then show that (𝑥 2 − 1) (𝑑𝑥 ) = 4𝑦 2 .
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 2
2. (a) If 𝑦 = √𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏, prove that 𝑦 (𝑑𝑥 2 ) + (𝑑𝑥 ) = 0.

OR
a𝑥 + b; 0<𝑥≤1
(b) If f(𝑥) = { 2 is a differentiable function in (0,2), then find the values of 𝑎 and 𝑏.
2𝑥 − 𝑥; 1 < 𝑥 < 2
1
𝑑𝑦
3. (a) If 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑥 , then find 𝑑𝑥 at 𝑥 = 1.

OR
𝑑𝑦
(b) If 𝑥 = 𝑎⁡sin⁡ 2𝑡, 𝑦 = 𝑎(cos⁡ 2𝑡 + log⁡ tan⁡ 𝑡), then find 𝑑𝑥.
𝑑𝑦
4. If (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )2 = 𝑥𝑦, then find 𝑑𝑥 .
𝑑𝑦 𝑦(𝑥−1)
5. If 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥−𝑦 , then show that 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥(𝑦+1).

𝑥 2 , if⁡𝑥 ≥ 1
6. If 𝑓(𝑥) = { , then show that 𝑓 is not differentiable at 𝑥 = 1.
𝑥⁡, if⁡𝑥 < 1
OR
(b) Find the value(s) of '𝜆', if the function
sin2 ⁡ 𝜆𝑥
, if 𝑥 ≠ 0 is continuous at 𝑥 = 0
f(𝑥) = { 𝑥2
1, if 𝑥 = 0
1−cos⁡ 𝑥
, if 𝑥 ≠ 0
7. (a) Find the value of k for which the function f given as f(𝑥) = { 2𝑥 2 is continuous at 𝑥 = 0.
k , if 𝑥 = 0
OR
d2 y
(b) If 𝑥 = acos⁡ t and y = bsin⁡ t, then find d𝑥 2.
8. Function 𝑓 is defined as
2𝑥 + 2, if 𝑥<2
𝑓(𝑥) = { 𝑘, if 𝑥=2
3𝑥, if 𝑥>2
Find the value of k for which the function f is continuous at x = 2.
4+𝑥 2
9. Find the points at which the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥−𝑥 3 is discontinuous.
10. The function
3𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏, if 𝑥>1
𝑓(𝑥) = { 11, if 𝑥=1
5𝑎𝑥 − 2𝑏, if 𝑥<1
is continuous at 𝑥 = 1. Find the values of 𝑎 and 𝑏.
2024
11. (a) Check whether the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 |𝑥| is differentiable at 𝑥 = 0 or not.
OR
𝑑𝑦 1+𝑦 4
(b) If 𝑦 = √tan⁡ √𝑥, prove that √𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 4𝑦
.
 𝑑𝑦 sin⁡ 𝑥
12. (a) If 𝑦 = √cos⁡ 𝑥 + 𝑦, prove that 𝑑𝑥 = 1−2𝑦.

OR
(b) Show that the function 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥|3 is differentiable at all points of its domain.
13. (a) Check the differentiability of function 𝑓(𝑥) = [𝑥] at 𝑥 = −3, where [⋅] denotes greatest integer function.
OR
𝑑𝑦 1 1
(b) If 𝑥 1/3 + 𝑦1/3 = 1, find 𝑑𝑥 at the point (8 , 8).
𝜋
14. (a) If 𝑓(𝑥) = |tan⁡ 2𝑥|, then find the value of 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) at 𝑥 = 3 .
OR
𝑑𝑦
(b) If 𝑦 = cosec⁡(cot −1 ⁡ 𝑥), then prove that √1 + 𝑥2 − 𝑥 = 0.
𝑑𝑥
𝜋
15. (a) Check the differentiability of 𝑓(𝑥) = |cos⁡ 𝑥| at 𝑥 = 2 .
OR
𝑑2 𝑦
(b) If 𝑦 = 𝐴 sin 2𝑥 + 𝐵⁡cos⁡ 2𝑥 and 𝑑𝑥 2 − 𝑘𝑦 = 0, find the value of 𝑘.
𝑑𝑦 log⁡ 𝑥−1
16. (a) If 𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥/𝑦 , prove that 𝑑𝑥 = (log⁡ 𝑥)2

OR
𝑥 2 + 1, 0 ≤ 𝑥 < 1
(b) Check the differentiability of 𝑓(𝑥) = { at 𝑥 = 1.
3 − 𝑥, 1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2
𝑑𝑦
17. (a) If 𝑦 = cos 3 ⁡(sec 2 ⁡ 2𝑡), find .
𝑑𝑡
OR
dy log⁡ 𝑥
(b) If 𝑥 y = e𝑥−y, prove that d𝑥 = (1+log⁡ 𝑥)2.

18. (a) Verify whether the function 𝑓 defined by

1
𝑥⁡sin⁡ (𝑥) , 𝑥 ≠ 0
f(𝑥) = {
0, 𝑥=0
is continuous at 𝑥 = 0 or not.
OR
(b) Check for differentiability of the function 𝑓 defined by f(𝑥) = |𝑥 − 5|, at the point 𝑥 = 5.
19. (a) Find the derivative of tan−1 ⁡ 𝑥 with respect to log⁡ 𝑥; (where 𝑥 ∈ (1, ∞)).
OR
𝜋
(b) Differentiate the following function with respect to x: (cos⁡ 𝑥)𝑥 ; ( where 𝑥 ∈ (0, 2 )).
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
20. (a) If 𝑦 = (sin−1 ⁡ 𝑥)2 , then find (1 − 𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 2 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 .
OR
𝑑𝑦
(b) If 𝑦 𝑥 = 𝑥 𝑦 , then find 𝑑𝑥.
SECTION C
This section comprises short answer (SA) type questions of 3 marks each.
2023
1
1. (a) Differentiate sec −1 ⁡ ( ) w.r.t. sin−1 ⁡(2𝑥√1 − 𝑥 2 ).
√1−𝑥 2
OR
d2 y cos⁡ 𝑥
(b) If y = tan⁡ 𝑥 + sec⁡ 𝑥, then prove that d𝑥 2 = (1−sin⁡ 𝑥)2 .
𝑦
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑎 2
2. If (𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥)𝑒 𝑥 = 𝑥 then prove that 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2 = (𝑎+𝑏𝑥) .
2024
dy 1−y2
3. (a) If √1 − x 2 + √1 − y 2 = a(x − y), prove that =√ .
dx 1−x2

OR
𝑑𝑦
(b) If 𝑦 = (tan⁡ 𝑥)𝑥 , then find 𝑑𝑥.
𝑑𝑦 𝑦log⁡ 𝑥
4. (a) If 𝑥 = 𝑒 cos⁡ 3𝑡 and 𝑦 = 𝑒 sin⁡ 3𝑡 , prove that 𝑑𝑥 = − 𝑥log⁡ 𝑦.

OR
d x
(b) Show that: dx
(|x|) = |x|
,x ≠0
𝑑𝑦 𝑦
5. (a) If 𝑥 30 𝑦 20 = (𝑥 + 𝑦)50 , prove that 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 .
OR
dy
(b) Find dx, if 5x + 5y = 5x+y .
6. (a) If 𝑦 = (log⁡ 𝑥)2 , prove that 𝑥 2 𝑦 ′′ + 𝑥𝑦 ′ = 2.
OR
𝑑𝑦
(b) If 𝑦 = sin⁡(tan−1 ⁡ 𝑒 𝑥 ), then find 𝑑𝑥 at 𝑥 = 0.
𝑑𝑦
7. (a) If 𝑥cos⁡(𝑝 + 𝑦) + cos⁡ 𝑝sin⁡(𝑝 + 𝑦) = 0, prove that cos⁡ 𝑝 = −cos 2 ⁡(𝑝 + 𝑦), where 𝑝 is a constant.
𝑑𝑥
OR
(b) Find the value of a and b so that function 𝑓 defined as :
𝑥−2
+ 𝑎, if 𝑥 < 2
|𝑥−2|
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎 + 𝑏, if 𝑥 = 2
𝑥−2
{|𝑥−2| + 𝑏, if 𝑥 > 2

is a continuous function.
dy
8. Given that 𝑥 y + y 𝑥 = ab , where a and b are positive constants, find d𝑥.
dy
9. Find d𝑥, if y = (cos⁡ 𝑥)𝑥 + cos−1 ⁡ √𝑥 is given.
dy
10. (a) Find d𝑥, if (cos⁡ 𝑥)y = (cos⁡ y)𝑥 .
OR
dy 1−y2
(b) If √1 − 𝑥 2 + √1 − y 2 = a(𝑥 − y), prove that =√ .
d𝑥 1−𝑥 2
𝑑2 𝑦 𝜋
11. If 𝑥 = 𝑎sin3 ⁡ 𝜃, 𝑦 = 𝑏cos3 ⁡ 𝜃, then find 𝑑𝑥 2 at 𝜃 = 4 .
12. Find the values of a and b so that the following function is differentiable for all values of 𝑥 :
a𝑥 + b, 𝑥 > −1
f(𝑥) = { 2
b𝑥 − 3, 𝑥 ≤ −1
d2 y dy
13. If 𝑦 = (tan−1 ⁡ 𝑥)2 , show that (𝑥 2 + 1)2 + 2𝑥(𝑥 2 + 1) = 2.
d𝑥 2 d𝑥
𝑑𝑦 sin2 ⁡(𝑎+𝑦)
14. (a) If 𝑥sin⁡(𝑎 + 𝑦) − sin⁡ 𝑦 = 0, prove that 𝑑𝑥 = sin⁡ 𝑎
OR
𝑑𝑦
(b) Find 𝑑𝑥
, if 𝑦 = (cos⁡ 𝑥)𝑥 + cos−1 ⁡ √𝑥.
1−𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦
15. (a) If 𝑦 = cos −1 ⁡ (1+𝑥2 ) , 0 < 𝑥 < 1, then find 𝑑𝑥.
OR
dy log⁡ x
(b) If x y = ex−y, prove that dx = {log⁡(xe)}2 .
 −1 ⁡ 𝑥 𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
16. (a) If 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑎cos , then show that (1 − 𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 2 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑎2 𝑦 = 0.

OR
𝑑𝑦
(b) Find 𝑑𝑥, if 𝑦 = 𝑥 cos⁡ 𝑥 − 2sin⁡ 𝑥 .
SECTION D
This section comprises long answer type questions (LA) of 5 marks each.
2024
1. (a) If 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 is defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥|3 , show that 𝑓 ′′ (𝑥) exists for all real 𝒙 and find it.
OR
3
𝑑𝑦 2 2
[1+(𝑑𝑥) ]
(b) If (𝑥 − 𝑎)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑏)2 = 𝑐 2 , for some 𝑐 > 0, prove that 𝑑2 𝑦
is a constant independent of 𝑎 and 𝑏.
𝑑𝑥2

SECTION –E
[This section comprises of 3 case- study/passage based questions of 4 marks each with sub parts. The first two case
study questions have three sub parts (i), (ii), (iii) of marks 1,1,2 respectively. The third case study question has two
sub parts of 2 marks each.)
2023
1. Let 𝑓(𝑥) be a real valued function. Then its
𝑓(𝑎−ℎ)−𝑓(𝑎)
• Left Hand Derivative (L.H.D.) : Lf ′ (𝑎) = limℎ→0
−ℎ
𝑓(𝑎+ℎ)−𝑓(𝑎)
• Right Hand Derivative (R.H.D.) : Rf ′ ⁡(𝑎) = limℎ→0 ℎ

Also, a function 𝑓(𝑥) is said to be differentiable at 𝑥 = 𝑎 if its L.H.D. and R.H.D. at x = a exist and both are equal.
|𝑥 − 3|, 𝑥 ≥ 1
For the function 𝑓(𝑥) = {𝑥 2 3𝑥 13
4
− 2 + 4 ,𝑥 < 1

answer the following questions:

(i) What is R.H.D. of 𝑓(𝑥) at 𝑥 = 1 ?
(ii) What is L.H.D. of 𝑓(𝑥) at 𝑥 = 1 ?
(iii) (a) Check if the function 𝑓(𝑥) is differentiable at x = 1.
OR
(iii) (b) Find 𝑓 ′ (2) and 𝑓 ′ (−1).
 XII MATHEMATICS
PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS (2023 & 2024)
APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES
SECTION A
This section comprises multiple choice questions (MCQs) of 1 mark each.
2023
1. If 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎(𝑥 − cos⁡ 𝑥) is strictly decreasing in ℝ, then '𝑎' belongs to
(a) {0} (b) (0, ∞) (c) (−∞, 0) (d) (−∞, ∞)
2. The interval in which the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 3 + 9𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 − 1 is decreasing, is
(a) (−1, ∞) (b) (−2, −1) (c) (−∞, −2) (d) [−1,1]
3. The function f(𝑥) = [𝑥], where [𝑥] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to 𝑥, is continuous at
(a) 𝑥 = 1 (b) 𝑥 = 1.5 (c) 𝑥 = −2 (d) 𝑥 = 4
2024
4. Let 𝑓(𝑥) be a continuous function on [a, b] and differentiable on (a, b). Then, this function 𝑓(𝑥) is strictly
increasing in (a, b) if
(A) 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) < 0, ∀⁡𝑥 ∈ (𝑎, 𝑏) (B) 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) > 0, ∀⁡𝑥 ∈ (𝑎, 𝑏)
(C) 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 0, ∀⁡𝑥 ∈ (𝑎, 𝑏) (D) 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) > 0, ∀⁡𝑥 ∈ (𝑎, 𝑏)
5. The function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 – 3𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 − 18 is:
(A) strictly decreasing on 𝑅 (B) strictly increasing on 𝑅
(C) neither strictly increasing nor strictly decreasing on 𝑅 (D) strictly decreasing on (– ∞, 0)
6. If the sides of a square are decreasing at the rate of 1·5 cm/s, the rate of decrease of its perimeter is :
(A) 1·5 cm/s (B) 6 cm/s (C) 3 cm/s (D) 2·25 cm/s
7. The point of inflexion of a function 𝑓(𝑥) is the point where
(A) 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 0 and 𝑓′(𝑥) changes its sign from positive to negative from left to right of that point.
(B) 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 0 and 𝑓′(𝑥) changes its sign from negative to positive from left to right of that point.
(C) 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 0 and 𝑓′(𝑥) does not change its sign from left to right of that point.
(D) 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) ≠ 0.
8. The rate of change of surface area of a sphere with respect to its radius ‘𝑟’, when 𝑟 = 4 cm, is:
(A) 64𝜋⁡𝑐𝑚2 /𝑐𝑚 (B) 48𝜋⁡𝑐𝑚2 /𝑐𝑚 (C) 32𝜋⁡𝑐𝑚2 /𝑐𝑚 (D) 16𝜋⁡𝑐𝑚2 /𝑐𝑚
9. The function f(𝑥) = k𝑥 − sin⁡ 𝑥 is strictly increasing for
(A) k > 1 (B) k < 1 (C) k > −1 (D) k < −1
10. Given a curve y = 7𝑥 − 𝑥 3 and 𝑥 increases at the rate of 2 units per second. The rate at which the slope of the
curve is changing, when 𝑥 = 5 is :
(A) – 60 units/sec (B) 60 units/sec (C) – 70 units/sec (D) – 140 units/sec
11. The interval in which the function 𝑓 defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥 is strictly increasing, is
(A) [1, ∞) (B) (−∞, 0) (C) (−∞, ∞) (D) (0, ∞)
12. For the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 , 𝑥 = 0 is a point of:
(A) local maxima (B) local minima (C) non-differentiability (D) inflexion
13. If the radius of a circle is increasing at the rate of 0.5 cm/s, then the rate of increase of its circumference is:
2𝜋 4𝜋
(A) cm/s (B) 𝜋 cm/s (C) cm/s (D) 2𝜋 cm/s
3 3
 SECTION-B
This section comprises Very Short Answer Type questions (VSA) of 2 marks each.
2023
16sin⁡ 𝑥 𝜋
1. Show that the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 4+cos⁡ 𝑥 − 𝑥, is strictly decreasing in ( 2 , 𝜋).
𝑥
2. Find the sub-intervals in which 𝑓(𝑥) = log⁡(2 + 𝑥) − 2+𝑥 , 𝑥 > −2 is increasing or decreasing.
3. If the product of two positive numbers is 9, find the numbers so that the sum of their squares is minimum.
4. If the circumference of circle is increasing at the constant rate, prove that rate of change of area of circle is
directly proportional to its radius.
5. If equal sides of an isosceles triangle with fixed base 10 cm are increasing at the rate of 4 cm/sec, how fast is the
area of triangle increasing at an instant when all sides become equal?
6. If 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎(tan 𝑥 − cot 𝑥), where 𝑎 > 0, then find whether 𝑓(𝑥) is increasing or decreasing function in its
domain.
𝑑𝑦
7. If (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )2 = 𝑥𝑦, then find 𝑑𝑥.

8. Find the interval in which the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 is strictly increasing.

9. Find the interval in which the function 𝑥 3 − 12𝑥 2 + 36𝑥 + 17 is strictly increasing.
2024
10. Show that the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 3 – 18𝑥 2 + 27𝑥– 7 has neither maxima nor minima.
11. Find the absolute maximum and minimum values of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 12𝑥 4/3 ⁡– 6𝑥 1/3 , 𝑥 ∈ [0, 1].
1
12. Find local maximum value and local minimum value (whichever exists) for the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 2 + (𝑥 ≠ 0).
𝑥
1
13. If 𝑀 and 𝑚 denote the local maximum and local minimum values of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 𝑥 (𝑥 ≠ 0)
respectively, find the value of (𝑀 − 𝑚).
14. Show that 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝑥 − tan−1 𝑥 is strictly increasing in its domain.
15. Find the interval in which the function f(𝑥) = 𝑥 4 − 4𝑥 3 + 10 is strictly decreasing.
16. The volume of a cube is increasing at the rate of 6 cm3 /s. How fast is the surface area of cube increasing, when
the length of an edge is 8 cm?
17. The area of the circle is increasing at a uniform rate of 2 cm2 /sec. How fast is the circumference of the circle
increasing when the radius r = 5 cm ?
18. The surface area of a cube increases at the rate of 72 cm2 /sec. Find the rate of change of its volume, when the
edge of the cube measures 3 cm .

SECTION C
This section comprises short answer (SA) type questions of 3 marks each.
2024
log 𝑥
1. (a) Find the intervals in which the function 𝑓(𝑥) = is strictly increasing or strictly decreasing.
𝑥
OR
𝑥 2
(b) Find the absolute maximum and absolute minimum values of the function f given by 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 + 𝑥, on the
interval [1, 2].
2. A kite is flying at a height of 3 metres and 5 metres of string is out. If the kite is moving away horizontally at the
rate of 200 cm/s, find the rate at which the string is being released.
1
3. According to a psychologist, the ability of a person to understand spatial concepts is given by 𝐴 = 3 √𝑡, where 𝑡
is the age in years, 𝑡 ∈ [5,18]. Show that the rate of increase of the ability to understand spatial concepts
decreases with age in between 5 and 18.
 SECTION D
This section comprises long answer type questions (LA) of 5 marks each.
2023
1. (a) The median of an equilateral triangle is increasing at the rate of 2√3 cm/s. Find the rate at which its side is
increasing.
OR
(b) Sum of two numbers is 5. If the sum of the cubes of these numbers is least, then find the sum of the squares
of these numbers.
2024
2. (a) It is given that function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 4 − 62𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑥 + 9 attains local maximum value at 𝑥 = 1. Find the value of
‘𝑎’, hence obtain all other points where the given function 𝑓(𝑥) attains local maximum or local minimum values.
OR
(b) The perimeter of a rectangular metallic sheet is 300 cm. It is rolled along one of its sides to form a cylinder.
Find the dimensions of the rectangular sheet so that volume of cylinder so formed is maximum.

SECTION –E
[This section comprises of 3 case- study/passage based questions of 4 marks each with sub parts. The first two case
study questions have three sub parts (i), (ii), (iii) of marks 1,1,2 respectively. The third case study question has two
sub parts of 2 marks each.)
2023
1. The equation of the path traced by a roller-coaster is given by the polynomial 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎(𝑥 + 9)(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 3).
If the roller-coaster crosses 𝑦-axis at a point (0, −1), answer the following :

(i) Find the value of '𝑎'.

(ii) Find f ′′ (x) at x = 1.
2. Engine displacement is the measure of the cylinder volume swept by all the pistons of a piston engine. The
piston moves inside the cylinder bore

The cylinder bore in the form of circular cylinder open at the top is to be made from a metal sheet of area
75𝜋cm2.
 Based on the above information, answer the following questions:
(i) If the radius of cylinder is r cm and height is h cm , then write the volume 𝑉 of cylinder in terms of radius
𝑟‾.
dV
(ii) Find dr
.
(iii) (a) Find the radius of cylinder when its volume is maximum.
OR
(b) For maximum volume, ℎ > 𝑟. State true or false and justify.
3. In order to set up a rain water harvesting system, a tank to collect rain water is to be dug. The tank should have
a square base and a capacity of 250 m3. The cost of land is ₹ 5,000 per square metre and cost of digging increases
with depth and for the whole tank, it is ₹ 40,000 h2, where h is the depth of the tank in metres. 𝑥 is the side of
the square base of the tank in metres.
ELEMENTS OF A TYPICAL RAIN WATER HARVESTING SYSTEM

Based on the above information, answer the following questions :

(i) Find the total cost C of digging the tank in terms of 𝑥.
𝑑𝐶
(ii) Find .
𝑑𝑥

(iii) (a) Find the value of x for which cost C is minimum.

OR
(iii) (b) Check whether the cost function 𝐶(𝑥) expressed in terms of 𝑥 is increasing or not, where 𝑥 > 0.
4. Sooraj’s father wants to construct a rectangular garden using a brick wall on one side of the garden and wire
fencing for the other three sides as shown in the figure. He has 200 metres of fencing wire.

Based on the above information, answer the following questions :

(i) tres denote the length of the side of the garden the side parallel to the brick wall. Determine the relation
representing the total length of fencing wire and also write 𝐴(𝑥), the area of the garden. 2
(ii) Determine the maximum value of 𝐴(𝑥).
5. In an agricultural institute, scientists do experiments with varieties of seeds to grow them in different
environments to produce healthy plants and get more yield.
A scientist observed that a particular seed grew very fast after germination. He had recorded growth of plant
since germination and he said that its growth can be defined by the function
1
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 + 15𝑥 + 2, 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 10
3
where 𝑥 is the number of days the plant is exposed to sunlight.

On the basis of the above information, answer the following questions :

(i) What are the critical points of the function f(x)?
(ii) Using second derivative test, find the minimum value of the function.
2024
6. The traffic police has installed Over Speed Violation Detection (OSVD) system at various locations in a city. These
cameras can capture a speeding vehicle from a distance of 300 m and even function in the dark.

A camera is installed on a pole at the height of 5 m. It detects a car travelling away from the pole at the speed
of 20 m/s. At any point, x m away from the base of the pole, the angle of elevation of the speed camera from
the car C is q.
On the basis of the above information, answer the following questions :
(i) Express q in terms of height of the camera installed on the pole and 𝑥.
𝑑𝜃
(ii) Find .
𝑑𝑥

(iii) (a) Find the rate of change of angle of elevation with respect to time at an instant when the car is 50 m away
from the pole.
OR
(iii) (b) If the rate of change of angle of elevation with respect to time of another car at a distance of 50 m from
3
the base of the pole is 101 rad/s, then find the speed of the car.
7. Overspeeding increases fuel consumption and decreases fuel economy as a result of tyre rolling friction and air
resistance. While vehicles reach optimal fuel economy at different speeds, fuel mileage usually decreases rapidly
at speeds above 80 km/h.

The relation between fuel consumption 𝐹(𝑙/100 km) and speed V(km/h) under some constraints is given as
V2 V
F= − + 14.
500 4

On the basis of the above information, answer the following questions:

(i) Find F, when V = 40 km/h.
dF
(ii) Find dV.
(iii) (a) Find the speed V for which fuel consumption F is minimum.
OR
dF
(iii) (b) Find the quantity of fuel required to travel 600 km at the speed V at which = −0.01
dV

8. Ramesh, the owner of a sweet selling shop, purchased some rectangular card board sheets of dimension 25cm
by 40 cm to make container packets without top. Let x cm be the length of the side of the square to be cut out
from each corner to give that sheet the shape of the container by folding up the flaps.
Based on the above information answer the following questions.
(i) Express the volume (V) of each container as function of 𝑥 only.
𝑑𝑉
(ii) Find 𝑑𝑥
(iii) (a) For what value of ,x the volume of each container is maximum?
OR
65
(iii) (b) Check whether V has a point of inflection at 𝑥 = 6
or not?
9. A sandbag is dropped from a balloon at a height of 60 metres.

When the angle of elevation of the sun is 30°, the position of the sandbag is given by the equation 𝑦 = 60 −
4.9⁡𝑡 2 , where 𝑦 is the height of the sandbag above the ground and t is the time in seconds.
On the basis of the above information, answer the following questions:
(i) Find the relation between x and y, where x is the distance of the shadow at P from the point Q and y is the
height of the sandbag above the ground.
(ii) After how much time will the sandbag be 35 metres above the ground ?
(iii) (a) Find the rate at which the shadow of the sandbag is travelling along the ground when the sandbag is at
a height of 35 metres.
OR
(iii) (b) How fast is the height of the sandbag decreasing when 2 seconds have elapsed ?
 XII MATHEMATICS
PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS (2023 & 2024)
INTEGRALS
SECTION A
This section comprises multiple choice questions (MCQs) of 1 mark each.
2023
𝑑
1. If 𝑑𝑥 (𝑓(𝑥)) = log⁡ 𝑥, then 𝑓(𝑥) equals :
1 1
(a) − x + C (b) 𝑥(log⁡ 𝑥 − 1) + 𝐶 (c) 𝑥(log⁡ 𝑥 + 𝑥) + 𝐶 (d) 𝑥 + 𝐶
𝜋
𝜋
2. ∫06 sec 2 ⁡ (𝑥 − 6 ) 𝑑𝑥 is equal to:
1 1
(a) (b) − (c) √3 (d) −√3
√3 √3
1+tan⁡ x
3. ∫ 𝑑x is equal to :
1−tan⁡ x
𝜋 𝜋
(a) sec 2 ⁡ ( 4 + 𝑥) + 𝐶 (b) sec 2 ⁡ ( 4 − 𝑥) + 𝐶
𝜋 𝜋
(c) ⁡log⁡ |sec⁡ ( 4 + 𝑥)| + 𝐶 (d) log⁡ |sec⁡ ( 4 − 𝑥)| + 𝐶
2
4. The primitive of is
1+cos 2𝑥

(a) sec 2 𝑥 (b) 2 sec 2 𝑥 tan 𝑥 (c) tan 𝑥 (d) − cot 𝑥

𝑑
5. If 𝑑𝑥 [𝑓(𝑥)] = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 and 𝑓(0) = 0, then 𝑓(𝑥)⁡is equal to
𝑎𝑥 2 𝑎𝑥 2
(a) 𝑎 + 𝑏 (b) + 𝑏𝑥 (c) + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 (d) 𝑏
2 2
tan 𝑥−1
6. Anti-derivative of with respect to 𝑥 is
tan 𝑥+1
𝜋 𝜋
(a) sec 2 ( − 𝑥) + 𝑐 (b) − sec 2 ( − 𝑥) + 𝑐
4 4
𝜋 𝜋
(c) log |sec ( − 𝑥)| + 𝑐 (d) − log |sec ( − 𝑥)| + 𝑐
4 4
d 3
7. If d𝑥 f(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 𝑥 and f(1) = 1, then f(𝑥) is
3
(A) 𝑥 2 + 3log⁡ |𝑥| + 1 (B) 𝑥 2 + 3log⁡ |𝑥| (C) 2 − (D) 𝑥 2 + 3log⁡ |𝑥| − 4
𝑥2
d𝑥
8. The integrating factor of the differential equation (1 − y 2 ) dy + y𝑥 = ay, (−1 < y < 1) is
1 1 1 1
(A) y2 −1 (B) (C) 1−y2 (D)
√y2 −1 √1−y2
tan⁡ 𝑥−1
9. Anti-derivative of tan⁡ 𝑥+1 with respect to 𝑥 is :
𝜋 𝜋
(A) sec 2 ⁡ ( 4 − 𝑥) + c (B) −sec 2 ⁡ ( 4 − 𝑥) + c
𝜋 𝜋
(C) log⁡ |sec⁡ ( 4 − 𝑥)| + 𝑐 (D) −log⁡ |sec⁡ ( 4 − 𝑥)| + c
2𝜋 𝜋/2
10. If ∫0 cos2 ⁡ 𝑥 d𝑥 = k∫0 cos2 ⁡ 𝑥 d𝑥, then the value of 𝑘 is
(A) 4 (B) 2 (C) 1 (D) 0
d
11. If d𝑥 [f(𝑥)] = a𝑥 + b and f(0) = 0, then f(𝑥) is equal to
𝑎𝑥 2 a𝑥 2
(A) 𝑎 + 𝑏 (B) 2
+ 𝑏𝑥 (C) 2
+ b𝑥 + c (D) b

12. ∫ 2x+2 dx is equal to :

 2x+2 2x
(a) ⁡2x+2 + C (b) ⁡2x+2 log⁡ 2 + C (c) log⁡ 2 + C (d) 2 ⋅ log⁡ 2 + C
2cos⁡ 2x−1
13. ∫ 1+2sin⁡ x
dx is equal to :

(a) 𝑥 − 2cos⁡ 𝑥 + 𝐶 (b) 𝑥 + 2cos⁡ 𝑥 + 𝐶 (c) ⁡ − 𝑥 − 2cos⁡ 𝑥 + 𝐶 (d) −𝑥 + 2cos⁡ 𝑥 + 𝐶

2
14. ∫0 √4 − 𝑥 2 ⁡𝑑𝑥 equals:
𝜋
(a) 2 log 2 (b) −2 log 2 (c) 2 (d) 𝜋
𝑥+1
15. ∫ 𝑒 −𝑥 ( ) 𝑑𝑥 is equal to :
𝑥2
𝑒 −𝑥 𝑒𝑥 ex 𝑒 −𝑥
(a) 𝑥
+𝐶 (b) 𝑥
+𝐶 (c) x2 + 𝐶 (d) − 𝑥
+𝐶
𝜋/2
16. The value of ∫0 log⁡ tan⁡ 𝑥𝑑𝑥 is :
𝜋 𝜋
(a) (b) 0 (c) ⁡ − (d) 1
2 2

17. ∫ 𝑒 5log⁡ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 is equal to :

𝑥5 x6
(a) +𝐶 (b) +𝐶 (c) 5𝑥 4 + 𝐶 (d) 6𝑥 5 + 𝐶
5 6
𝑎
18. If ∫0 3𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = 8, then the value of ' 𝑎 ' is :
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 8 (d) 10
4
19. ∫0 (𝑒 2𝑥 + 𝑥)𝑑𝑥 is equal to :
15+e8 16−e8 e8 −15 −e8 −15
(a) 2
(b) 2
(c) 2
(d) 2
𝑎
20. If ∫0 3𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = 8, then the value of ‘a’ is:
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 8 (d) 10
21. ∫ 𝑒 5 log 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 is equal to:
𝑥5 𝑥6
(a) 5
+𝐶 (b) 6
+𝐶 (c) 5𝑥 4 + 𝐶 (d) 6𝑥 5 + 𝐶
sec⁡ 𝑥
22. ∫ sec⁡ 𝑥−tan⁡ 𝑥
d𝑥 equals
(a) sec⁡ 𝑥 − tan⁡ 𝑥 + c (b) sec⁡ 𝑥 + tan⁡ 𝑥 + 𝑐 (c) tan⁡ 𝑥 − sec⁡ 𝑥 + c (d) −(sec⁡ 𝑥 + tan⁡ 𝑥) + 𝑐
1 |𝑥−2|
23. ∫−1 d𝑥, 𝑥 ≠ 2 is equal to
𝑥−2

(a) 1 (b) – 1 (c) 2 (d) – 2

𝜋
24. The value of ∫04 (sin 2𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 is
1 1
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) − 2
𝜋 2⁡ 𝑥
25. For any integer 𝑛, the value of ∫−𝜋 𝑒 cos Sin3 ⁡(2𝑛 + 1)𝑥𝑑𝑥 is
(a) – 1 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 2
2024
𝑏
26. ∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 is equal to :
𝑏 𝑏
(A) ∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑎 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑥 (B) ∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑎 + 𝑏 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑥
𝑏 𝑏
(C) ⁡∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑥 − (𝑎 + 𝑏))𝑑𝑥 (D) ∫𝑎 𝑓((𝑎 − 𝑥) + (𝑏 − 𝑥))𝑑𝑥
𝑎 1 𝜋
27. If ∫0 4+𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥 = 6 , then the value of ' 𝑎 ' is :
√3 1
(A) 2
(B) 2√3 (C) √3 (D)
√3
 𝜋/2
28. If 𝑓(𝑥) is an odd function, then ∫−𝜋/2 𝑓(𝑥)cos 3 ⁡ 𝑥𝑑𝑥 equals :
𝜋/2
(A) 2∫0 𝑓(𝑥)cos3 ⁡ 𝑥𝑑𝑥 (B) 0
𝜋/2 𝜋/2
(C) ⁡2∫0 f(x)dx (D) 2∫0 cos 3 ⁡ 𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝜋/2 sin⁡ 𝑥−cos⁡ 𝑥
29. ∫0 1+sin⁡ 𝑥cos⁡ 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 is equal to :
𝜋/2 2sin⁡ 𝑥 𝜋2
(A) 𝜋 (B) Zero (0) (C) ∫0 1+sin⁡ 𝑥cos⁡ 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 (D) 4

30. The derivative of tan−1 ⁡(x 2 ) w.r.t. x is :

x 2x 2x 1
(A) 1+x4 (B) 1+x4 (C) − 1+x4 (D) 1+x4
2 𝑎
31. If ∫0 2𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫0 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥, the value of ' 𝑎 ' is :
1
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) 2
𝜋
32. Anti-derivative of √1 + sin⁡ 2x, x ∈ [0, 4 ] is :

(A) ⁡cos⁡ 𝑥 + sin⁡ 𝑥 (B) ⁡ − cos⁡ 𝑥 + sin⁡ 𝑥 (C) ⁡cos⁡ 𝑥 − sin⁡ 𝑥 (D) ⁡ − cos⁡ 𝑥 − sin⁡ 𝑥
𝑎
33. ∫−𝑎 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 0, if :
(A) f(−x) = f(x) (B) f(−x) = −f(x) (C) 𝑓(𝑎 − 𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) (D) f(a − x) = −f(x)
2𝑎
34. If 𝑔(𝑥) is a continuous function satisfying 𝑔(−𝑥) = −𝑔(𝑥), then ∫0 𝑔(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 is equal to :
𝑎 𝑎 0
(A) 0 (B) 2∫0 𝑔(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 (C) ∫−𝑎 𝑔(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 (D) −∫−2𝑎 𝑔(𝑥)𝑑𝑥
3 d𝑥
35. The value of ∫0 is :
√9−𝑥 2
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
(A) 6 (B) 4 (C) 2 (D) 18
1
36. The value of ∫−1|𝑥|𝑑𝑥 is
(a) – 2 (b) – 1 (c) 1 (d) 2
𝜋 𝜃
37. The value of ∫0 tan2 ⁡ (3 ) 𝑑𝜃 is :

(A) 𝜋 + √3 (B) 3√3 − 𝜋 (C) √3 − 𝜋 (D) 𝜋 − √3

1
38. ∫ d𝑥 is equal to :
𝑥(log⁡ 𝑥)2

1 (log⁡ 𝑥)3 3
(A) 2log⁡(log⁡ 𝑥) + c (B) − +𝑐 (C) +c (D) +c
log⁡ 𝑥 3 (log⁡ 𝑥)3
1
39. The value of ∫−1 𝑥|𝑥|d𝑥 is :
1 1 1
(A) 6 (B) 3 (C) − 6 (D) 0
𝜋/2
40. The value of ∫𝜋/4 cot⁡ 𝜃cosec 2 ⁡ 𝜃𝑑𝜃 is :
1 1 𝜋
(A) (B) − (C) 0 (D) −
2 2 8
d𝑥
41. The integral ∫ is equal to :
√9−4𝑥 2
1 2𝑥 1 2𝑥 2𝑥 3 2𝑥
(A) 6 sin−1 ⁡ ( 3 ) + c (B) 2 sin−1 ⁡ ( 3 ) + c (C) sin−1 ⁡ ( 3 ) + c (D) 2 sin−1 ⁡ ( 3 ) + c
3 2 3
42. If ∫−2 𝑥 2 d𝑥 = k∫0 𝑥 2 d𝑥 + ∫2 𝑥 2 d𝑥, then the value of k is :
1
(A) 2 (B) 1 (C) 0 (D) 2
e
43. The value of ∫1 log⁡ 𝑥 d𝑥 is :
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) e (D) e log e
Assertion and Reason
Questions number 19 and 20 are Assertion and Reason based questions carrying 1 mark each. Two statements are given,
one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer from the codes (a), (b), (c) and
(d) as given below.
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true and Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false and Reason (R) is true.
2023
8 √10−𝑥
1. Assertion (A) : ∫2 d𝑥 = 3
√𝑥+√10−𝑥
𝑏 𝑏
Reason (R) : ∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑎 + 𝑏 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑥

SECTION B
This section comprises very short answer (VSA) type questions of 2 marks each.
2023
1 2−𝑥
1. Evaluate : ∫−1 log⁡ (2+𝑥) 𝑑𝑥.

2024
2. (a) Find: ∫ ⁡ x√1 + 2x⁡dx
OR
𝜋2
sin⁡ √𝑥
(b) Evaluate : ∫0 4 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥
𝑒 4𝑥 −1
3. Find: ∫ 𝑒 4𝑥 +1 𝑑𝑥
𝑎3 𝑥2
4. Evaluate: ∫0 𝑥 6 +𝑎6
𝑑𝑥
𝜋/2
5. (a) Evaluate: ∫0 sin⁡ 2xcos⁡ 3x𝑑𝑥
⁡
OR
𝑑 1
(b) Given 𝑑𝑥 𝐹(𝑥) = and 𝐹(1) = 0, find 𝐹(𝑥).
√2𝑥−𝑥 2
1
6. Find: ∫ 𝑥(𝑥 2 −1)
d𝑥.
1
2 1+𝑥
7. Evaluate: ∫ cos 𝑥 . log (1−𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
−1
2
2𝑥
8. Find: ∫ (𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
+1)(𝑥 2 −4)

9. (a) Find : ∫ cos3 𝑥⁡elog sin 𝑥 d𝑥

OR
1
(b) Find : ∫ 5+4𝑥−𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥

SECTION C
This section comprises short answer (SA) type questions of 3 marks each.
2023
𝜋
1. Evaluate : ∫02 [log(sin 𝑥) − log(2 cos 𝑥)]⁡𝑑𝑥
 1
2. Find : ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥(√𝑥+1)(√𝑥+2)
𝜋
3. (a) Evaluate: ∫02 𝑒 𝑥 sin⁡ 𝑥𝑑𝑥
OR
1
(b) Find : ∫ ⁡ cos⁡(𝑥−𝑎)cos⁡(𝑥−𝑏) 𝑑𝑥
𝜋
4. Evaluate: ∫02 |sin 𝑥 − cos 𝑥| 𝑑𝑥
𝑥2
5. Find: ∫ (𝑥 2 +4)(𝑥2 +9) 𝑑𝑥⁡
𝜋/4
6. (a) Evaluate ∫0 log(1 + tan 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥.
OR
𝑑𝑥
(b) Find ∫
√sin3 𝑥 cos(𝑥−𝑎)
−1 ⁡ 𝑥 1−𝑥+𝑥 2
7. Find ∫ 𝑒 cot ( 1+𝑥 2
) d𝑥.
log⁡ √3 1
8. Evaluate ∫log⁡ √2 (e𝑥 +e−𝑥 )(e𝑥 −e−𝑥 )
d𝑥
1
9. (a) Evaluate ∫−1 |𝑥 4 − 𝑥|d𝑥.
OR
sin−1 ⁡ 𝑥
(b) Find ∫ (1−𝑥 2 )3/2
d𝑥.
1−sin⁡ 𝑥
10. Find ∫ e𝑥 (1−cos⁡ 𝑥) d𝑥
𝑥+2
11. (a) Find ∫ d𝑥.
√𝑥 2 −4𝑥−5

OR
a 9𝑥
(b) Evaluate ∫−a f(𝑥)d𝑥, where f(𝑥) = 1+9𝑥 .
log⁡ √3 1
12. Evaluate ∫log⁡ √2 (e𝑥 +e−𝑥 )(e𝑥 −e−𝑥 )
d𝑥
3 √4−𝑥
13. Evaluate : ∫1 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥+√4−𝑥
𝑒 1
14. Evaluate : ∫1 𝑑𝑥
√4𝑥 2 −(𝑥log⁡ 𝑥)2
cos⁡ 𝑥
15. (a) Find : ∫ ⁡ 𝑑𝑥
sin⁡ 3𝑥

OR
(b) Find: ∫ ⁡ 𝑥 2 log⁡(𝑥 2 + 1)𝑑𝑥
𝑒𝑥
16. Find: ∫ √𝑒 2𝑥 −4𝑒 𝑥 −5 𝑑𝑥
𝜋/2 sin100 𝑥
17. Evaluate: ∫−𝜋/2 sin100 𝑥+cos100 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝜋/4
18. Evaluate: ∫0 log(1 + tan 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
4 1
19. Find: ∫1 𝑑𝑥
√2𝑥−1−√2𝑥−1
𝑥 2 +𝑥+1
20. Find: ∫ ⁡ (𝑥+1)2 (𝑥+2) 𝑑𝑥
𝜋/2 1−sin⁡ 2𝑥
21. (a) Evaluate : ∫𝜋/4 𝑒 2𝑥 (1−cos⁡ 2𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
OR
2 𝑥2
(b) Evaluate : ∫−2 𝑑𝑥
1+5𝑥
 e𝑥
22. (a) Find : ∫ ⁡ 𝑑𝑥
√5−4𝑒 𝑥 −𝑒 2𝑥
𝜋/2
(b) Evaluate: ∫0 √sin⁡ 𝑥cos5 ⁡ 𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑥2
23. Find: ∫ 𝑥 2 +6𝑥+12 𝑑𝑥
𝜋/2 1−sin⁡ 2𝑥
24. (a) Evaluate: ∫𝜋/4 𝑒 2𝑥 ( ) 𝑑𝑥
1−cos⁡ 2𝑥

OR
2 𝑥2
(b) Evaluate : ∫−2 1+5𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑒𝑥
25. (a) Find: ∫ ⁡ 𝑑𝑥
√5−4𝑒 𝑥 −𝑒 2𝑥

OR
𝜋/2
(b) Evaluate: ∫0 √sin⁡ 𝑥cos5 ⁡ 𝑥𝑑𝑥
2
26. Find: ∫ ⁡ (1−𝑥)(1+𝑥2 ) 𝑑𝑥
1/3
1 (𝑥−𝑥 3 )
27. (a) Evaluate : ∫1/3 𝑑𝑥
𝑥4
3
(b) Evaluate : ∫1 {|(𝑥 − 1)| + |(𝑥 − 2)|}𝑑𝑥
𝜋/2 1−sin⁡ 2𝑥
28. (a) Evaluate: ∫𝜋/4 𝑒 2𝑥 (1−cos⁡ 2𝑥) 𝑑𝑥

OR
2 𝑥2
(b) Evaluate : ∫−2 1+5𝑥
𝑑𝑥
1
29. (a) Differentiate sec −1 ⁡ ( ) w.r.t. sin−1 ⁡(2𝑥√1 − 𝑥 2 ).
√1−𝑥 2

OR
d2 y cos⁡ 𝑥
(b) If 𝑦 = tan⁡ 𝑥 + sec⁡ 𝑥, then prove that d𝑥2 = (1−sin⁡ 𝑥)2 .
2𝜋 1
30. (a) Evaluate: ∫0 1+𝑒 sin⁡ 𝑥
d𝑥

OR
𝑥4
(b) Find: ∫ 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥−1)(𝑥 2 +1)
𝜋
4 cos⁡ 2𝑥
31. (a) Evaluate: ∫ −
𝜋
1+cos⁡ 2𝑥
d𝑥
4

OR
2
(b) Find: ∫ e𝑥 (𝑥 5 + 2𝑥 3 )d𝑥
2𝑥 2 +3
32. Find : ∫ 𝑥 2 (𝑥 2 +9)
𝑑𝑥; 𝑥 ≠ 0.

𝑥
33. Find : ∫ √1−𝑥3 𝑑𝑥; ⁡𝑥 ∈ (0,1).

OR
𝜋
Evaluate: ∫04 log⁡(1 + tan⁡ 𝑥)𝑑𝑥
2024
𝑥2
34. (a) Find: ∫ ⁡ (𝑥 2 +4)(𝑥2 +9) 𝑑𝑥
⁡
OR
3
(b) Evaluate : ∫1 (|𝑥 − 1| + |𝑥 − 2| + |𝑥 − 3|)𝑑𝑥
 2 2−𝑥
35. (a) Evaluate: ∫−2 √ 𝑑𝑥
2+𝑥

OR
1
(b) Find : ∫ ⁡ 𝑥[(log⁡ 𝑥)2 −3log⁡ 𝑥−4] 𝑑𝑥

36. Find: ∫ 𝑥 2 . sin−1(𝑥 3/2 ) 𝑑𝑥

37. Find: ∫ 𝑥 2 log(𝑥 2 − 1) 𝑑𝑥
2 2−𝑥
38. (a) Evaluate : ∫−2 √2+𝑥 𝑑𝑥

OR
1
(b) Find : ∫ ⁡ 𝑥[(log⁡ 𝑥)2 −3log⁡ 𝑥−4] 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 2 +1
39. Find : ∫ ⁡ (𝑥 2 +2)(𝑥 2 +4) 𝑑𝑥
2+sin⁡ 2𝑥 𝑥
40. (a) Find: ∫ ⁡ 𝑒 𝑑𝑥
1+cos⁡ 2𝑥

OR
𝜋/4 1
(b) Evaluate : ∫0 sin⁡ 𝑥+cos⁡ 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑥 −1
41. Find: ∫ ⁡ (log⁡ 𝑥)2 −5log⁡ 𝑥+4 𝑑𝑥
2+sin⁡ 2𝑥
42. (a) Find : ∫ ⁡ 1+cos⁡ 2𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

OR
𝜋/4 1
(b) Evaluate : ∫0 sin⁡ 𝑥+cos⁡ 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
√𝑥
43. Find : ∫ ⁡ (𝑥+1)(𝑥−1) 𝑑𝑥
2+sin⁡ 2𝑥
44. (a) Find : ∫ ⁡ 1+cos⁡ 2𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
OR
𝜋/4 1
(b) Evaluate : ∫0 𝑑𝑥
sin⁡ 𝑥+cos⁡ 𝑥
𝜋
𝑥 d𝑥
45. (a) Evaluate : ∫04 1+cos⁡ 2𝑥+sin⁡ 2𝑥

OR
1 𝑥
(b) Find : ∫ e𝑥 [ 3 + ] d𝑥
(1+𝑥 2 )2 √1+𝑥 2

3𝑥+5
46. Find: ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥 2 +2𝑥+4
2𝑥+3
47. Find: ∫ 𝑥 2 (𝑥+3) 𝑑𝑥

48. Find: ∫ sec 3 𝜃 ⁡𝑑𝜃

𝜋 ecos 𝑥
49. (a) Evaluate : ∫0 ecos 𝑥 +e− cos 𝑥
d𝑥

OR
2𝑥+1
(b) Find : ∫ (𝑥+1)2 (𝑥−1)
d𝑥
 SECTION D
This section comprises long answer type questions (LA) of 5 marks each.
2023
𝜋
1. Evaluate: ∫02 sin 2𝑥 tan−1 (sin 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
𝜋 𝑥
2. Evaluate: ∫0 𝑑𝑥
1+sin 𝑥

2024
𝜋
sin⁡ 𝑥+cos⁡ 𝑥
3. (a) Evaluate : ∫04 9+16sin⁡ 2𝑥
𝑑𝑥
OR
𝜋
(b) Evaluate : ∫0 sin⁡ 2𝑥tan−1 ⁡(sin⁡ 𝑥)𝑑𝑥
2

𝜋/2 1+sin⁡ 𝑥
4. (a) Evaluate: ∫0 𝑒 𝑥 (1+cos⁡ 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥

OR
𝜋/3 sin⁡ 𝑥+cos⁡ 𝑥
(b) Find: ∫𝜋/6 𝑑𝑥
√sin⁡ 2𝑥
(3cos⁡ 𝑥−2)sin⁡ 𝑥
5. (a) Find: ∫ ⁡ 𝑑𝑥
5−sin2 ⁡ 𝑥−4cos⁡ 𝑥

OR
2 𝑥 3 +|𝑥|+1
(b) Evaluate : ∫−2 𝑥 2 +4|𝑥|+4
𝑑𝑥
 XII MATHEMATICS
PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS (2023 & 2024)
APPLICATION OF INTEGRATION
SECTION D
This section comprises long answer type questions (LA) of 5 marks each.
2023
1. Find the area of the region bounded by the curves 𝑥 2 = 𝑦, 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 2 and 𝑥-axis, using integration.
2. Find the area of the region {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ≤ 1 ≤ 𝑥 + 𝑦}, using integration.
3. Find the area of the region bounded by the lines 𝑦 = 4𝑥 + 5, 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 5 and 4𝑦 = 𝑥 + 5, using integration.

4. Using integration, find the area of region bounded by line 𝑦 = √3𝑥, the curve 𝑦 = √4 − 𝑥 2 and 𝑦-axis in first
quadrant.
5. Using Integration, find the area of triangle whose vertices are (–1, 1), (0, 5) and (3, 2).
𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑥 𝑦
6. Find the area of the smaller region bounded by the curves 25 + 16 = 1 and 5 + 4 = 1, using integration.

7. The area of the region bounded by the line 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥(𝑚 > 0), the curve 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 4 and the 𝑥-axis in the first
𝜋
quadrant is 2 units. Using integration, find the value of 𝑚.

8. Using integration, find the area of the region bounded by the parabola 𝑦 2 = 4𝑎𝑥 and its latus rectum.
9. Using integration, find the area of the region bounded by the circle 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 16, line 𝑦 = 𝑥 and 𝑦-axis, but
lying in the 1st quadrant.
10. Find the area of the following region using integration:
{(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑦 2 ≤ 2𝑥 and 𝑦 ≥ 𝑥 − 4}
11. Find the area of the minor segment of the circle 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 4 cut off by the line 𝑥 = 1, using integration.
12. Using integration, find the area of the region bounded by 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥(𝑚 > 0), 𝑥 = 1, 𝑥 = 2 and the 𝑥-axis.
13. Make a rough sketch of the region {(𝑥, 𝑦): 0 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 𝑥 2 + 1,0 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 𝑥 + 1,0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2} and find the area of the
region, using the method of integration.

14. Find the area of the triangle ABC bounded by the lines represented by the equations 5𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 10 = 0, 𝑥 −
𝑦 − 9 = 0 and 3𝑥 − 4𝑦 − 6 = 0, using integration method.

15. Using integration, find the area of the region bounded by the triangle ABC when its sides are given by the lines
4𝑥 − 𝑦 + 5 = 0, 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 5 = 0 and 𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 5 = 0.
16. Using integration, find the area of the region bounded by the triangle whose vertices are (−1, 2), (1, 5) and
(3, 4).
2024
𝑥2 𝑦2
17. Using integration, find the area of the ellipse 16 + 4
= 1, included between the lines x = −2 and x = 2.

18. If 𝐴1 denotes the area of region bounded by 𝑦 2 = 4𝑥, 𝑥 = 1 and 𝑥-axis in the first quadrant and 𝐴2 denotes the
area of region bounded by 𝑦 2 = 4𝑥, 𝑥 = 4, find 𝐴1 : 𝐴2 .
19. Using integration, find the area of the region enclosed between the circle 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 16 and the lines 𝑥 = −2
and 𝑥 = 2.
20. Find the area of the region bounded by the lines 𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 4, 𝑥 = −1, 𝑥 = 6 and 𝑥-axis, using integration.
21. Using integration, find the area of the region enclosed between the curve 𝑦 = √4 − 𝑥 2 and the lines 𝑥 =
−1, 𝑥 = 1 and the 𝑥-axis.
22. (a) Sketch the graph of y = 𝑥|𝑥| and hence find the area bounded by this curve, X -axis and the ordinates 𝑥 =
−2 and 𝑥 = 2, using integration.
OR
(b) Using integration, find the area bounded by the ellipse 9𝑥 2 + 25𝑦 2 = 225, the lines 𝑥 = −2, 𝑥 = 2, and the
X -axis.
23. Find the area of the region bounded by the curve 4𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 36 using integration.
𝜋 𝜋
24. Draw the rough sketch of the curve 𝑦 = 20cos 2𝑥; (where 6 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 3
).
𝜋
Using integration, find the area of the region bounded by the curve y = 20cos 2x from the ordinates 𝑥 = to
6
𝜋
𝑥 = and the 𝑥-axis.
3

25. (a) Using integration, find the area of the region bounded by the curve 𝑦 = √4 − 𝑥 2 , the lines 𝑥 = −√2 and
𝑥 = √3 and the 𝑥-axis.
OR
(b) Using integration, evaluate the area of the region bounded by the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 , the lines 𝑦 = 1 and 𝑦 = 3
and the 𝑦-axis.
 XII MATHEMATICS
PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS (2023 & 2024)
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
SECTION A
This section comprises multiple choice questions (MCQs) of 1 mark each.
2023
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 3
1. The sum of the order and the degree of the differential equation + ( ) = sin⁡ 𝑦 is:
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

(a) 5 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4

2. The general solution of the differential equation 𝑥𝑑𝑦 − (1 + 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑥 is :
𝑥3 𝑥3
(a) 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + +𝐶 (b) 𝑦 = 2log⁡ 𝑥 + +𝐶
3 3
𝑥2 𝑥2
(c) 𝑦 = 2
+𝐶 (d) 𝑦 = 2log⁡ 𝑥 + 2
+𝐶
𝑑𝑦
3. Degree of the differential equation sin⁡ 𝑥 + cos⁡ (𝑑𝑥 ) = 𝑦 2 is

(A) 2 (B) 1 (C) not defined (D) 0

d𝑥
4. The integrating factor of the differential equation (1 − y 2 ) + y𝑥 = ay, (−1 < y < 1) is
dy
1 1 1 1
4(A) y2 −1 (B) (C) 1−𝑦2 (D)
√y2 −1 √1−y2
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
5. The solution of the differential equation + = 0 is :
𝑥 𝑦
1 1
(a) x + y = C (b) ⁡log⁡ 𝑥 − log⁡ 𝑦 = 𝐶 (c) xy = C (d) 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝐶

𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 3
6. What is the product of the order and degree of the differential equation 𝑑𝑥 2 sin 𝑦 + (𝑑𝑥 ) cos 𝑦 = √𝑦?

(a) 3 (b) 2 (c) 6 (d) not defined

𝑑𝑦
7. The integrating factor for solving the differential equation 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑦 = 2𝑥 2 is :
1
(a) e−y (b) 𝑒 −x (c) 𝑥 (d) x
2
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 3 𝑑𝑦
8. The order and degree (if defined) of the differential equation, (𝑑𝑥 2 ) + (𝑑𝑥 ) = 𝑥sin⁡ (𝑑𝑥 ) respectively are :

(a) 2,2 (b) 1,3 (c) 2,3 (d) 2, degree not defined
𝑑𝑦 𝑦+1
9. The number of solutions of the differential equation 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥−1, when y(1) = 2, is :
(a) zero (b) one (c) two (d) infinite
d dy 3
10. The sum of the order and the degree of the differential equation d𝑥 ((d𝑥) ) is

(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 5 (d) 0

𝑑𝑦 2 𝑑3 𝑦
11. The order and the degree of the differential equation (1 + 3 𝑑𝑥 ) = 4 𝑑𝑥 3 respectively are :
2
(a) 1, 3 (b) 3,1 (c) 3,3 (d) 1,2
3 2
𝑑𝑦 2 𝑑2 𝑦
12. The degree of the differential equation [1 + (𝑑𝑥 ) ] = (𝑑𝑥 2 ) is
3
(a) 4 (b) 2 (c) 2 (d) Not defined
13. The general solution of the differential equation 𝑦𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 0; ( Given 𝑥, 𝑦 > 0), is of the form
(a) 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑐 (b) 𝑥 = 𝑐𝑦 2 (c) 𝑦 = c𝑥 (d) 𝑦 = 𝑐𝑥 2
(Where ' 𝑐 ' is an arbitrary positive constant of integration)
 𝑑𝑥
14. The integrating factor of the differential equation (3𝑥 2 + 𝑦) = 𝑥 is
𝑑𝑦
1 1 2 1
(a) (b) (c) (d) −
x x2 x x

15. Solution of the differential equation (1 + 𝑦 2 )(1 + log⁡ 𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 0 is :

(log⁡ |x|)2 (log⁡ |𝑥|)2
(a) tan−1 ⁡ y + log⁡ |x| + 2
=C (b) tan−1 ⁡ 𝑦 − log⁡ |𝑥| + 2
=𝐶
(log⁡ |𝑥|)2 (log⁡ |𝑥|)2
(c) tan−1 ⁡ 𝑦 − log⁡ |𝑥| − =𝐶 (d) ⁡tan−1 ⁡ 𝑦 + log⁡ |𝑥| − =𝐶
2 2
2
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 3
16. The difference of the order and the degree of the differential equation (𝑑𝑥 2 ) + (𝑑𝑥 ) + 𝑥 4 = 0 is :

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) -1 (d) 0

𝑑𝑦
17. Integrating factor of the differential equation 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 4𝑥 2 is :
1 1
(a) x 2 (b) − x2 (c) x2 (d) −𝑥 2
2024
𝑑𝑦
18. The integrating factor of the differential equation (1 − 𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥, −1 < x < 1, is :
1 1 1 1
(A) 𝑥 2 −1 (B) (C) 1−𝑥2 (D)
√x2 −1 √1−x2
3
𝑑𝑦 2 𝑑2 𝑦
19. The order and degree of the differential equation [1 + ( ) ] = 2 respectively are :
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

(A) 1,2 (B) 2,3 (C) 2,1 (D) 2,6

𝑑𝑦
20. The integrating factor of the differential equation 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 𝑥 4 − 3𝑥 is :
𝑑𝑥

(A) 𝑥 (B) −𝑥 (C) x −1 (D) log⁡(x −1 )

𝑑𝑦 1
21. The solution of the differential equation = is :
𝑑𝑥 log⁡ 𝑦

(A) log⁡ y = x + c (B) 𝑦log⁡ 𝑦 − 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 𝑐 (C) log⁡ 𝑦 − 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 𝑐 (D) 𝑦log⁡ 𝑦 + 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 𝑐

𝑑𝑦
22. The integrating factor of the differential equation (1 − 𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥, −1 < x < 1, is :
1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
x2 −1 √x2 −1 1−x2 √1−x2
𝑑𝑦
23. The differential equation 𝑑𝑥 = 𝐹(𝑥, 𝑦) will not be a homogeneous differential equation, if 𝐹(𝑥, 𝑦) is :
𝑦 𝑦 𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 𝑥
(A) cos⁡ 𝑥 − sin⁡ (𝑥 ) (B) 𝑥 (C) 𝑥𝑦
(D) ⁡cos2 ⁡ (𝑦)
𝑑𝑦
24. The number of solutions of differential equation 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑦 = 1, given that y(0) = 1, is :
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) infinitely many
25. The degree and order of differential equation 𝑦 ′′2 + log⁡(𝑦 ′ ) = 𝑥 5 respectively are :
(A) not defined, 5 (B) not defined, 2 (C) 5, not defined (D) 2,2
𝑑𝑦
26. 𝑥⁡log⁡ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦 = 2log⁡ 𝑥 is an example of a:
(A) variable separable differential equation. (B) homogeneous differential equation.
(C) first order linear differential equation. (D) differential equation whose degree is not defined.
27. The general solution of the differential equation 𝑥𝑑𝑦 + 𝑦𝑑𝑥 = 0 is :
(A) 𝑥𝑦 = c (B) 𝑥 + y = c (C) 𝑥 2 + y 2 = c 2 (D) log⁡ y = log⁡ 𝑥 + c
𝑑𝑦
28. The integrating factor of the differential equation (𝑥 + 2𝑦 2 ) = 𝑦(𝑦 > 0) is :
𝑑𝑥
1 1
(A) 𝑥 (B) 𝑥 (C) 𝑦 (D) y
29. The number of arbitrary constants in the particular solution of the differential equation
𝑑𝑦
log⁡ (𝑑𝑥 ) = 3𝑥 + 4𝑦; 𝑦(0) = 0 is/are

(A) 2 (B) 1 (C) 0 (D) 3

𝑑𝑦 2
30. The integrating factor of the differential equation + y = 0, 𝑥 ≠ 0 is :
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
2
2
(A) 𝑥 (B) 𝑥 2 (C) e𝑥 (D) 𝑒 log⁡(2𝑥)
𝑑𝑦
31. The integrating factor of the differential equation (𝑥 + 2𝑦 2 ) = 𝑦(𝑦 > 0) is :
𝑑𝑥
1 1
(A) 𝑥 (B) 𝑥 (C) 𝑦 (D) y
𝑑4 𝑦 𝑑2 𝑦
32. The order of the differential equation 𝑑𝑥 4 − sin⁡ (𝑑𝑥 2 ) = 5 is :

(A) 4 (B) 3 (C) 2 (D) not defined

dy
33. The general solution of the differential equation d𝑥 = e𝑥+y is :
(A) e𝑥 + e−y = c (B) e−𝑥 + e−𝑦 = c (C) e𝑥+𝑦 = 𝑐 (D) 2e𝑥+𝑦 = c
d3 y dy 5 d4 y
34. The order of the following differential equation + 𝑥 ( ) = 4log⁡ ( ) is:
d𝑥 3 d𝑥 d𝑥 4

(A) not defined (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5

𝑑𝑦
35. The value of ' 𝑛 ', such that the differential equation 𝑥 𝑛 = 𝑦(log⁡ 𝑦 − log⁡ 𝑥 + 1); (where 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑅 +) is
𝑑𝑥
homogeneous, is
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3
𝑦′
36. What is the general solution of the differential equation 𝑒 =𝑥?
(A) 𝑦 = 𝑥log⁡ 𝑥 + 𝑐 (B) 𝑦 = 𝑥log⁡ 𝑥 − 𝑥 + 𝑐 (C) 𝑦 = 𝑥log⁡ 𝑥 + 𝑥 + 𝑐 (D) 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑑𝑦
37. The number of arbitrary constants in the general solution of the differential equation 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦 = 0 is :
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3
𝑑𝑦
38. A particular solution of the differential equation 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦 = 0, when 𝑥 = 1 and 𝑦 = 1, is :
1
(A) y = x (B) y = ex (C) 𝑦 = 𝑥 (D) 𝑦 = log⁡ 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 1
39. The integrating factor of the differential equation (𝑥 2 − 1) 𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑦 = 𝑥 2 −1 is :
2 −1
(A) 𝑒 2𝑥 (B) ex (C) ⁡log⁡(x 2 − 1) (D) 𝑥 2 − 1

SECTION C
This section comprises short answer (SA) type questions of 3 marks each.
2023
𝑑𝑦
1. (a) Find the particular solution of the differential equation 𝑑𝑥 + sec 2 ⁡ 𝑥 ⋅ 𝑦 = tan⁡ 𝑥 ⋅ sec 2 ⁡ 𝑥, given that 𝑦(0) =
0.
OR
(b) Solve the differential equation given by 𝑥𝑑𝑦 − 𝑦𝑑𝑥 − √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 = 0.
2. (a) Find the general solution of the differential equation :
𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑒 𝑥/𝑦 ( −1)
𝑦
𝑑𝑦
= 1+𝑒 𝑥/𝑦

OR
𝑑𝑦 𝜋
(a) Find the particular solution of the differential equation 𝑑𝑥 + cot 𝑥 ⋅ 𝑦 = cos2 𝑥, given that when 𝑥 = 2 𝑦 = 0
 𝑑𝑦 2𝑦 1
3. (a) Find the general solution of the differential equation : − = sin⁡
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑥

OR
dy
(b) Find the particular solution of the differential equation : dx = sin⁡(x + y) + sin⁡(x − y), given that when x =
𝜋
4
,y = 0.

4. (a) Find the general solution of the differential equation : (𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑦 = 𝑦 2 d𝑥.
OR
𝑑𝑦
(b) Find the general solution of the differential equation : (𝑥 2 + 1) 𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑦 = √𝑥 2 + 4
d
5. (a) Find the general solution of the differential equation : dx (xy 2 ) = 2y(1 + x 2 )
OR
𝑦
𝑑𝑦
(b) Solve the following differential equation : 𝑥𝑒 − 𝑦 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 0
𝑥

6. (a) Find the particular solution of the differential equation

𝑑𝑦 𝑥+𝑦
𝑑𝑥
= 𝑥
, 𝑦(1) =0
OR
(b) Find the general solution of the differential equation 𝑒 x tan⁡ 𝑦𝑑𝑥 + (1 − 𝑒 x ) sec 2 y dy = 0.
𝑑𝑦 𝑥𝑦
7. (a) Find the particular solution of the differential equation = , given that y = 1 when x = 0.
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 2 +𝑦 2

OR
𝑑𝑦 1
(b) Find the particular solution of the differential equation (1 + 𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑦 = 1+𝑥2, given that 𝑦 = 0 when
𝑥 = 1.
2024
𝑑𝑦 𝑦
8. Find the particular solution of the differential equation given by 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑥 2 cos2 ⁡ (2𝑥), given that when
𝜋
𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 2 .
𝑑𝑦 𝑥 2 +𝑦 2
9. Find the general solution of the differential equation 𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑥𝑦
.

10. Solve the following differential equation : (tan–1 𝑦 – 𝑥)⁡𝑑𝑦 = (1 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥

11. (a) Find the particular solution of the differential equation given by
𝑑𝑦
2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = 0; 𝑦 = 2, when 𝑥 = 1
OR
(b) Find the general solution of the differential equation : 𝑦𝑑𝑥 = (𝑥 + 2𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑦
dy 𝜋
12. (a) Find the particular solution of the differential equation d𝑥 = y⁡cot⁡ 2𝑥, given that y ( 4 ) = 2.

OR
y
(b) Find the particular solution of the differential equation (𝑥e𝑥 + y) d𝑥 = 𝑥dy, given that y = 1 when 𝑥 = 1.
𝑑𝑦 2
13. (a) Find the particular solution of the differential equation 𝑑𝑥 − 2𝑥𝑦 = 3𝑥 2 𝑒 𝑥 ; 𝑦(0) = 5.
OR
(b) Solve the following differential equation : 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦 + 𝑦(𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 = 0
14. Find the general solution of the differential equation
𝑦⁡𝑑𝑥⁡– 𝑥⁡𝑑𝑦 + (𝑥 log 𝑥)⁡𝑑𝑥 = 0.
15. Find the particular solution of the differential equation:
𝜋
𝑥 cos 𝑦 ⁡𝑑𝑦 = (𝑥⁡𝑒 𝑥 log 𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 given that 𝑦 = when 𝑥 = 1.
2
𝑑𝑦
16. Find the general solution of the differential equation 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥𝑦 log 𝑥 log 𝑦.

SECTION –E
[This section comprises of 3 case- study/passage based questions of 4 marks each with sub parts. The first two case
study questions have three sub parts (i), (ii), (iii) of marks 1,1,2 respectively. The third case study question has two
sub parts of 2 marks each.)
2023
1. An equation involving derivatives of the dependent variable with respect to the independent variables is called
dy
a differential equation. A differential equation of the form = F(𝑥, 𝑦) is said to be homogeneous if F(𝑥, 𝑦) is
d𝑥
a homogeneous function of degree zero, whereas a function F(𝑥, 𝑦) is a homogenous function of degree n if
𝑑𝑦 y
F(𝜆𝑥, 𝜆𝑦) = 𝜆n F(𝑥, 𝑦). To solve a homogeneous differential equation of the type √ = F(𝑥, 𝑦) = g ( ), we
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
make the substitution y = v𝑥 and then separate the variables.
Based on the above, answer the following questions :
𝑑𝑦 𝑦
(I) Show that (𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 )d𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑦dy = 0 is a differential equation of the type = 𝑔( )
𝑑𝑥 𝑥

(II) Solve the above equation to find its general solution.

2. An equation involving derivatives of the dependent variable with respect to the independent variables is called
𝑑𝑦
a differential equation. A differential equation of the form 𝑑𝑥 = 𝐹(𝑥, 𝑦) is said to be homogeneous if F(𝑥, y) is
a homogeneous function of degree zero, whereas a function F(𝑥, 𝑦) is a homogenous function of degree n if
dy y
F(𝜆𝑥, 𝜆y) = 𝜆n F(𝑥, 𝑦). To solve a homogeneous differential equation of the type dx = F(𝑥, 𝑦) = g (𝑥), we make
the substitution y = v𝑥 and then separate the variables.
Based on the above, answer the following questions :
dy y
(I) Show that (𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 )d𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑦dy = 0 is a differential equation of the type = g ( ).
d𝑥 𝑥

(II) Solve the above equation to find its general solution.

2024
3. A bacteria sample of certain number of bacteria is observed to grow exponentially in a given amount of time.
Using exponential growth model, the rate of growth of this sample of bacteria is calculated.

𝑑𝑃
The differential equation representing the growth of bacteria is given as : 𝑑𝑡
= 𝑘𝑃, where 𝑃 is the population
of bacteria at any time ‘𝑡’.
Based on the above information, answer the following questions :
(i) Obtain the general solution of the given differential equation and express it as an exponential function of ‘t’.
(ii) If population of bacteria is 1000 at 𝑡 = 0, and 2000 at 𝑡 = 1, find the value of 𝑘.
 XII MATHEMATICS
PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS (2023 & 2024)
VECTORS AND 3D
SECTION A
This section comprises multiple choice questions (MCQs) of 1 mark each.
2023
1. The value of 𝑝 for which the vectors 2𝑖̂ + 𝑝𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ and −4𝑖̂ − 6𝑗̂ + 26𝑘̂ are perpendicular to each other, is:
17 17
(a) 3 (b) – 3 (c) − (d)
3 3

2. The value of (𝑖ˆ × 𝑗ˆ) ⋅ 𝑗ˆ + (𝑗ˆ × 𝑖ˆ) ⋅ 𝑘ˆ is :

(a) 2 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) -1
3. If 𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ = 𝑖ˆ and 𝑎⃗ = 2𝑖ˆ − 2𝑗ˆ + 2𝑘ˆ, then |𝑏⃗⃗| equals:
(a) √14 (b) 3 (c) √12 (d) √17
𝑥−1 1−𝑦 2𝑧−1
4. Direction cosines of the line 2
= 3
= 12
are :
2 3 6 2 3 12 2 3 6 2 3 6
(a) 7 , 7 , 7 (b) , − 157 , 157 (c) 7 , − 7 , − 7 (d) 7 , − 7 , 7
√157 √ √

5. If the vector 𝑖ˆ − 𝑏𝑗ˆ + 𝑘ˆ is equally inclined to the coordinate axes, then the value of 𝑏 is :
1
(a) -1 (b) 1 (c) −√3 (d) −
√3

6. Direction cosines of a line perpendicular to both 𝑥-axis and 𝑧-axis are :

(a) 1,0,1 (b) 1,1,1 (c) 0,0,1 (d) 0,1,0
7. The direction ratios of a line parallel to z-axis are :
(a) < 1, 1, 0 > (b) < 1, 1, 1 > (c) < 0, 0, 0 > (d) < 0, 0, 1 >
8. For what value of 𝜆, the projection of vector 𝑖̂ + 𝜆𝑗̂ on vector 𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ is √2?
(a) – 1 (b) 1 (c) 0 (d) 3
9. ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗, where coordinates of P and Q respectively are (2,1, −1) and (4,4, −7), is
Unit vector along PQ
−2î 3ĵ 6k̂ 2î 3ĵ 6k̂
(A) 2𝑖ˆ + 3𝑗ˆ − 6𝑘ˆ (B) −2𝑖ˆ − 3𝑗ˆ + 6𝑘ˆ (C) 7
−7+ 7 (D) 7
+7− 7

10. Position vector of the mid-point of line segment 𝐴𝐵 is 3𝑖ˆ + 2𝑗ˆ − 3𝑘ˆ. If position vector of the point 𝐴 is 2𝑖ˆ + 3𝑗ˆ −
4𝑘ˆ, then position vector of the point 𝐵 is
5î 5ĵ 7k̂ î ĵ k̂
(A) 2
+ 2
− 2 (B) 4𝑖ˆ + 𝑗ˆ − 2𝑘ˆ (C) 5𝑖ˆ + 5𝑗ˆ − 7𝑘ˆ (D) 2 − 2 + 2
11. Projection of vector 2𝑖ˆ + 3𝑗ˆ on the vector 3𝑖ˆ − 2𝑗ˆ is
12 −12
(A) 0 (B) 12 (C) (D)
√13 √13

12. Equation of a line passing through point (1,1,1) and parallel to z -axis is
𝑥 y z 𝑥−1 y−1 z−1 𝑥 y z−1 𝑥−1 y−1 z−1
(A) 1 = 1 = 1 (B) 1
= 1
= 1
(C) 0 = 0 = 1
(D) 0
= 0
= 1

13. If in △ 𝐴𝐵𝐶, ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝐵𝐶 = 3𝑏⃗⃗, then ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

𝐵𝐴 = 2𝑎⃗ and ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝐴𝐶 is
(A) 2𝑎⃗ + 3𝑏⃗⃗ (B) 2𝑎⃗ − 3𝑏⃗⃗ (C) 3𝑏⃗⃗ − 2𝑎⃗ (D) −2𝑎⃗ − 3𝑏⃗⃗
14. If |𝑎⃗ × 𝑏⃗⃗| = √3 and 𝑎⃗ ⋅ 𝑏⃗⃗ = −3, then angle between 𝑎⃗ and 𝑏⃗⃗ is
2𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 5𝜋
(A) 3
(B) 6 (C) 3 (D) 6
15. Equation of line passing through origin and making 30∘ , 60∘ and 90∘ with 𝑥, y, z axes respectively is
2𝑥 y z 2𝑥 2y z 2y z 2𝑥 2y z
(A) =2=0 (B) = =0 (C) 2𝑥 = =1 (D) = =1
√3 √3 1 √3 √3 1
 𝜋
16. If the angle between 𝑎⃗ and 𝑏⃗⃗ is 3 and |𝑎⃗ × 𝑏⃗⃗| = 3√3, then the value of 𝑎⃗ ⋅ 𝑏⃗⃗ is
1 1
(A) 9 (B) 3 (C) 9 (D) 3
17. The position vectors of three consecutive vertices of a parallelogram ABCD are A(4î + 2ĵ − 6k̂), B(5î − 3ĵ + k̂)
and C(12î + 4ĵ + 5k̂). The position vector of 𝐷 is given by
(A) −3𝑖ˆ − 5𝑗ˆ − 10𝑘ˆ (B) 21𝑖ˆ + 3𝑗ˆ (C) 11𝑖ˆ + 9𝑗ˆ − 2𝑘ˆ (D) −11𝑖ˆ − 9𝑗ˆ + 2𝑘ˆ
18. Equation of a line passing through point (1,2,3) and equally inclined to the coordinate axis, is
𝑥 y z 𝑥 y z 𝑥−1 y−1 z−1 𝑥−1 y−2 z−3
(A) 1 = 2 = 3 (B) 1 = 1 = 1 (C) 1
= 2
= 3
(D) 1
= 1
= 1
𝜋
19. If a vector makes an angle of 4 with the positive directions of both 𝑥-axis and y -axis, then the angle which it
makes with positive z -axis is :
𝜋 3𝜋 𝜋
(a) (b) (c) (d) 0
4 4 2

20. 𝑎⃗ and 𝑏⃗⃗ are two non-zero vectors such that the projection of 𝑎⃗ on 𝑏⃗⃗ is 0 . The angle between 𝑎⃗ and 𝑏⃗⃗ is:
𝜋 𝜋
(a) 2 (b) 𝜋 (c) 4 (d) 0
21. In ΔABC, 𝐴𝐵⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑖ˆ + 𝑗ˆ + 2𝑘ˆ and 𝐴𝐶
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 3𝑖ˆ − 𝑗ˆ + 4𝑘ˆ. If 𝐷 is mid-point of BC , then vector AD
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ is equal to :
(a) 4𝑖ˆ + 6𝑘ˆ (b) 2𝑖ˆ − 2𝑗ˆ + 2𝑘ˆ (c) 𝑖ˆ − 𝑗ˆ + 𝑘ˆ (d) 2𝑖ˆ + 3𝑘ˆ
22. The value of 𝜆 for which the angle between the lines 𝑟⃗ = 𝑖ˆ + 𝑗ˆ + 𝑘ˆ + 𝑝(2𝑖ˆ + 𝑗ˆ + 2𝑘ˆ ) and 𝑟⃗ = (1 + 𝑞)𝑖ˆ + (1 +
𝜋
𝑞𝜆)𝑗ˆ + (1 + 𝑞)𝑘ˆ is is :
2
(a) – 4 (b) 4 (c) 2 (d) – 2
23. ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗, where coordinates of 𝐴 and 𝐵 are (1,2, −1) and (3,4,0) respectively, are :
The direction cosines of vector 𝐵𝐴
2 2 1 2 2 1
(a) −2, −2, −1 (b) − 3 , − 3 , − 3 (c) 2,2,1 (d) 3 , 3 , 3
x+1 y+2 𝑧+3
24. If the point P(a, b, 0) lies on the line 2
= 3
= 4
, then (𝑎, 𝑏) is :
1 2 1 1
(a) (1,2) (b) (2 , 3) (c) (2 , 4) (d) (0,0)
𝜋
25. If the angle between the vectors 𝑎⃗ and 𝑏⃗⃗ is and |𝑎⃗ × 𝑏⃗⃗| = 1, then 𝑎⃗ ⋅ 𝑏⃗⃗ is equal to
4
1
(a) – 1 (b) 1 (c) (d) √2
√2
𝑦−1𝑥 2−𝑧
26. The equation of a line passing through point (2, −1,0) and parallel to the line 1 = 2
= 2
is :
x+2 y−1 z x−2 y−1 z x+2 y−1 z x−2 y+1 z
(a) 1
= 2
=2 (b) 1
= 2
=2 (c) 1
= 2
= −2 (d) 1 = 2 = −2

27. A unit vector along the vector 4𝑖ˆ − 3𝑘ˆ is :

1 1 1 1
(a) 7 (4𝑖ˆ − 3𝑘ˆ ) (b) 5
(4𝑖ˆ − 3𝑘ˆ ) (c) (4𝑖ˆ − 3𝑘ˆ ) (d) (4𝑖ˆ − 3𝑘ˆ )
√7 √5

28. If 𝜃 is the angle between two vectors 𝑎⃗ and 𝑏⃗⃗, then 𝑎⃗ ⋅ 𝑏⃗⃗ ≥ 0 only when :
𝜋 𝜋
(a) 0 < 𝜃 < 2
(b) 0 ≤ 𝜃 ≤ 2
(c) 0 < 𝜃 < 𝜋 (d) 0 ≤ 𝜃 ≤ 𝜋
29. Distance of the point ( 𝑝, 𝑞, 𝑟 ) from 𝑦-axis is :
(a) q (b) |𝑞| (c) |𝑞| + |𝑟| (d) √p2 + r 2
1 1 1
30. If the direction cosines of a line are (𝑎 , 𝑎 , 𝑎), then:
(a) 0 < 𝑎 < 1 (b) 𝑎 > 2 (c) 𝑎 > 0 (d) 𝑎 = ±√3
31. The sine of the angle between the vectors 𝑎⃗ = 3𝑖ˆ + 𝑗ˆ + 2𝑘ˆ and 𝑏⃗⃗ = 𝑖ˆ + 𝑗ˆ + 2𝑘ˆ is :
5 5 3 4
(a) √ (b) (c) √ (d)
21 √21 21 √21

32. The point (𝑥, 𝑦, 0) on the xy-plane divides the line segment joining the points (1,2,3) and (3,2,1) in the ratio :
(a) 1: 2 internally (b) 2: 1 internally
(c) 3: 1 internally (d) 3:1 externally
33. Two vectors 𝑎⃗ = 𝑎1 𝑖ˆ + 𝑎2 𝑗ˆ + 𝑎3 𝑘ˆ and 𝑏⃗⃗ = 𝑏1 𝑖ˆ + 𝑏2 𝑗ˆ + 𝑏3 𝑘ˆ are collinear if
a1 a2 a3
(a) 𝑎1 𝑏1 + 𝑎2 𝑏2 + 𝑎3 𝑏3 = 0 (b) b1
= b2
= b3

(c) a1 = b1 , a2 = b2 , a3 = b3 (d) 𝑎1 + 𝑎2 + 𝑎3 = 𝑏1 + 𝑏2 + 𝑏3
34. The magnitude of the vector 6𝑖ˆ − 2𝑗ˆ + 3𝑘ˆ is
(a) 1 (b) 5 (c) 7 (d) 12
∘ ∘ ∘
35. If a line makes angles of 90 , 135 and 45 with the 𝑥, 𝑦 and 𝑧 axes respectively, then its direction cosines are
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
(a) 0, − , (b) − , 0, 2 (c) , 0, − 2 (d) 0, ,
√2 √2 √2 √ √2 √ √2 √2
36. The angle between the lines 2𝑥 = 3y = −z and 6𝑥 = −y = −4z is
(a) 0∘ (b) 30∘ (c) 45∘ (d) 90∘
37. A unit vector a makes equal but acute angles on the co-ordinate axes. The projection of the vector 𝑎ˆ on the
vector 𝑏⃗⃗ = 5𝑖ˆ + 7𝑗ˆ − 𝑘ˆ is
11 11 4 3
(a) 15 (b) 5 (c) 5 (d) 5
√3 √3
38. If 𝑎⃗ ⋅ 𝑖ˆ = 𝑎⃗ ⋅ (𝑖ˆ + 𝑗ˆ) = 𝑎⃗ ⋅ (𝑖ˆ + 𝑗ˆ + 𝑘ˆ ) = 1, then 𝑎⃗ is
(a) k̂ (b) î (c) ĵ (d) 𝑖ˆ + 𝑗ˆ + 𝑘ˆ
39. The lines 𝑟⃗ = 𝑖ˆ + 𝑗ˆ − 𝑘ˆ + 𝜆(2𝑖ˆ + 3𝑗ˆ − 6𝑘ˆ ) and 𝑟⃗ = 2𝑖ˆ − 𝑗ˆ − 𝑘ˆ + 𝜇(6𝑖ˆ + 9𝑗ˆ − 18𝑘ˆ ); (where 𝜆&𝜇 are scalars)
are
(a) coincident (b) skew (c) intersecting (d) parallel
40. 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 is a rhombus whose diagonals intersect at 𝐄. Then ̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝐴 + ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐸𝐵 + 𝐸𝐶⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ + 𝐸𝐷
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ equals to
⃗⃗
(a) 0 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
(b) 𝐴𝐷 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
(c) 2𝐵𝐷 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
(d) 2𝐴𝐷
41. If 𝑎⃗ = 4𝑖ˆ + 6𝑗ˆ and 𝑏⃗⃗ = 3𝑗ˆ + 4𝑘ˆ, then the vector form of the component of 𝑎⃗ along 𝑏⃗⃗ is
18 18 18 18
(a) (3𝑖ˆ + 4𝑘ˆ ) (b) (3𝑗ˆ + 4𝑘ˆ ) (c) (3𝑖ˆ + 4𝑘ˆ ) (d) (4𝑖ˆ + 6𝑗ˆ)
5 25 5 25

42. The value of 𝜆 for which two vectors 2𝑖ˆ − 𝑗ˆ + 2𝑘ˆ and 3𝑖ˆ + 𝜆𝑗ˆ + 𝑘ˆ are perpendicular is
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 8
1 1 1
43. If the direction cosines of a line are ⟨𝑐 , 𝑐 , 𝑐 ⟩, then

(a) 0 < 𝑐 < 1 (b) 𝑐 > 2 (c) 𝑐 = ±√2 (d) 𝑐 = ±√3

2024
3
44. Let 𝜃 be the angle between two unit vectors â and b̂ such that sin 𝜃 = . Then, â ⋅ b̂ is equal to :
5
3 3 4 4
(A) ± 5 (B) ± 4 (C) ± 5 (D) ± 3
45. If the direction cosines of a line are √3k, √3k, √3k, then the value of k is :
1
(A) ±1 (B) ±√3 (C) ±3 (D) ± 3
46. The vector with terminal point 𝐴(2, −3,5) and initial point 𝐵(3, −4,7) is :
(A) 𝑖ˆ − 𝑗ˆ + 2𝑘ˆ (B) 𝑖ˆ + 𝑗ˆ + 2𝑘ˆ (C) −𝑖ˆ − 𝑗ˆ − 2𝑘ˆ (D) −𝑖ˆ + 𝑗ˆ − 2𝑘ˆ
47. The distance of point P(a, b, c) from y -axis is :
(A) b (B) b2 (C) √a2 + c 2 (D) 𝑎2 + 𝑐 2
48. ⃗⃗, which of the following statements is always true?
For any two vectors a⃗⃗ and b
(A) 𝑎⃗ ⋅ 𝑏⃗⃗ ≥ |𝑎⃗||𝑏⃗⃗| (B) 𝑎⃗ ⋅ 𝑏⃗⃗ = |𝑎⃗||𝑏⃗⃗| (C) 𝑎⃗ ⋅ 𝑏⃗⃗ ≤ |𝑎⃗||𝑏⃗⃗| (D) 𝑎⃗ ⋅ 𝑏⃗⃗ < |𝑎⃗||𝑏⃗⃗|
49. The coordinates of the foot of the perpendicular drawn from the point (0,1,2) on the x -axis are given by :
(A) (1,0,0) (B) (2,0,0) (C) (√5, 0,0) (D) (0,0,0)
50. The unit vector perpendicular to both vectors 𝑖ˆ + 𝑘ˆ and 𝑖ˆ − 𝑘ˆ is :
𝑖ˆ−𝑘ˆ 𝑖ˆ+𝑘ˆ
(A) 2𝑗ˆ (B) 𝑗ˆ (C) (D)
√2 √2
 𝑥−1 2𝑧+1
51. Direction ratios of a vector parallel to line 2
= −𝑦 = 6
are :
(A) 2, −1,6 (B) 2,1,6 (C) 2,1,3 (D) 2, −1,3
52. If a line makes an angle of 30° with the positive direction of x-axis, 120° with the positive direction of y-axis,
then the angle which it makes with the positive direction of z-axis is :
(A) 90° (B) 120° (C) 60° (D) 0°
53. If 𝑎⃗ = 2𝑖ˆ − 𝑗ˆ + 𝑘ˆ and 𝑏⃗⃗ = 𝑖ˆ + 𝑗ˆ − 𝑘ˆ, then 𝑎⃗ and 𝑏⃗⃗ are :
(A) collinear vectors which are not parallel (B) parallel vectors
(C) perpendicular vectors (D) unit vectors
54. If 𝛼, 𝛽 and 𝛾 are the angles which a line makes with positive directions of x, y and z axes respectively, then
which of the following is not true?
(A) cos 2 𝛼 + cos2 𝛽 + cos 2 𝛾 = 1 (B) sin2 𝛼 + sin2 𝛽 + sin2 𝛾 = 2
(C) cos 2𝛼 + cos 2𝛽 + cos 2𝛾 = −1 (D) cos 𝛼 + cos 𝛽 + cos 𝛾 = 1
55. If |𝑎⃗| = 2 and −3 ≤ 𝑘 ≤ 2, then |𝑘𝑎⃗| ∈ :
(A) [−6,4] (B) [0,4] (C) [4,6] (D) [0,6]
𝜋
56. If a line makes an angle of 4 with the positive directions of both x-axis and z-axis, then the angle which it
makes with the positive direction of y-axis is :
𝜋 𝜋
(A) 0 (B) 4 (C) 2 (D) 𝜋

57. If 𝑎⃗ and 𝑏⃗⃗ are two vectors such that |𝑎⃗| = 1, |𝑏⃗⃗| = 2 and 𝑎⃗ ⋅ 𝑏⃗⃗ = √3, then the angle between 2𝑎⃗ and −𝑏⃗⃗ is :
𝜋 𝜋 5𝜋 11𝜋
(A) (B) (C) (D)
6 3 6 6
58. The vectors 𝑎⃗ = 2𝑖ˆ − 𝑗ˆ + 𝑘ˆ , 𝑏⃗⃗ = 𝑖ˆ − 3𝑗ˆ − 5𝑘ˆ and 𝑐⃗ = −3𝑖ˆ + 4𝑗ˆ + 4𝑘ˆ represents the sides of
(A) an equilateral triangle (B) an obtuse-angled triangle
(C) an isosceles triangle (D) a right-angled triangle
59. Let a⃗⃗ be any vector such that |a⃗⃗| = a. The value of |𝑎⃗ × 𝑖ˆ|2 + |𝑎⃗ × 𝑗ˆ|2 + |𝑎⃗ × 𝑘ˆ |2 is :
(A) 𝑎2 (B) 2a2 (C) 3a2 (D) 0
60. The vector equation of a line passing through the point (1, −1,0) and parallel to Y-axis is :
(A) 𝐫⃗ = î − ĵ + 𝜆(î − ĵ) (B) 𝑟⃗ = 𝑖ˆ − 𝑗ˆ + 𝜆𝑗ˆ
(C) 𝑟⃗ = 𝑖ˆ − 𝑗ˆ + 𝜆𝑘ˆ (D) 𝑟⃗ = 𝜆𝑗ˆ
1−𝑥 y−1 z 2𝑥−3 y z−4
61. The lines 2
= 3
= 1 and 2p
= −1 = 7
are perpendicular to each other for p equal to:
1 1
(A) − 2 (B) 2 (C) 2 (D) 3
62. A vector perpendicular to the line 𝑟⃗ = 𝑖ˆ + 𝑗ˆ − 𝑘ˆ + 𝜆(3𝑖ˆ − 𝑗ˆ) is :
(A) 5𝑖ˆ + 𝑗ˆ + 6𝑘 (B) 𝑖ˆ + 3𝑗ˆ + 5𝑘ˆ (C) 2î − 2ĵ (D) 9𝑖ˆ − 3𝑗ˆ
63. The Cartesian equation of a line passing through the point with position vector 𝑎⃗ = 𝑖ˆ − 𝑗ˆ and parallel to the
line 𝑟⃗ = 𝑖ˆ + 𝑘ˆ + 𝜇(2𝑖ˆ − 𝑗ˆ), is
𝑥−2 y+1 z 𝑥−1 y+1 z 𝑥+1 y+1 z 𝑥−1 y z−1
(A) 1
= 0
=1 (B)
2
= −1 = 0 (C) 2
= −1
=0 (D) 2
= −1 = 0
𝑥 y z
64. The angle which the line 1 = −1 = 0 makes with the positive direction of Y -axis is :
5𝜋 3𝜋 5𝜋 7𝜋
(A) (B) (C) (D)
6 4 4 4
65. The Cartesian equation of the line passing through the point (1, −3,2) and parallel to the line :
𝑟⃗ = (2 + 𝜆)𝑖ˆ + 𝜆𝑗ˆ + (2𝜆 − 1)𝑘ˆ is
𝑥−1 y+3 z−2 𝑥+1 y−3 z+2 𝑥+1 y−3 z+2 𝑥−1 y+3 z−2
(A) 2
= 0
= −1
(B) 1
= 1
= 2
(C) 2
= 0
= −1
(D) 1
= 1
= 2
66. The position vectors of points 𝑃 and 𝑄 are 𝑝⃗ and 𝑞⃗ respectively. The point 𝑅 divides line segment 𝑃𝑄 in the
ratio 3:1 and 𝑆 is the mid-point of line segment PR. The position vector of 𝑆 is :
𝑝⃗+3𝑞⃗⃗ 𝑝⃗+3𝑞⃗⃗ 5𝑝⃗+3𝑞⃗⃗ 5𝑝⃗+3𝑞⃗⃗
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 8 4 8
Assertion and Reason
Questions number 19 and 20 are Assertion and Reason based questions carrying 1 mark each. Two statements are given,
one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer from the codes (a), (b), (c) and
(d) as given below.
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true and Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false and Reason (R) is true.
2023
x−3
y+1 z−3
1. Assertion (A) : Equation of a line passing through the points (1, 2, 3) and (3, −1,3) is 23
=
= 0 .
𝑥−𝑥 𝑦−𝑦 𝑧−𝑧1
Reason (𝑅) : Equation of a line passing through points (x1 , y1 , z1 ), (𝑥2 , 𝑦2 , 𝑧2 ) is given by 𝑥 −𝑥1 = 𝑦 −𝑦1 =𝑧 .
2 1 2 1 2 −𝑧1

2. Assertion (A) : If a line makes angles 𝛼, 𝛽, 𝛾 with positive direction of the coordinate axes, then sin2 𝛼 +
sin2 𝛽 + sin2 𝛾 = 2.
Reason (R): The sum of squares of the direction cosines of a line is 1.
3. Assertion (A) : A line through the points (4,7,8) and (2,3,4) is parallel to a line through the points (−1, −2,1)
and (1,2,5).
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗1 and r⃗ = a⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗2 + 𝜇b
Reason (𝑅) : Lines r⃗ = a⃗⃗⃗⃗1 + 𝜆b ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗2 are parallel if ⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗2 = 0
𝑏1 ⋅ 𝑏
4. Assertion (A): The lines 𝑟⃗ = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗1 and 𝑟⃗ = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎1 + 𝜆𝑏 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗2 are perpendicular, when ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎2 + 𝜇𝑏 b1 ⋅ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
b2 = 0.
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑏1 ⋅𝑏 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗1 and 𝑟⃗ = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
Reason (𝑅) : The angle 𝜃 between the lines r⃗ = a⃗⃗⃗⃗1 + 𝜆b ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗2 is given by cos 𝜃 =
𝑎2 + 𝜇𝑏 2
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
|𝑏1 ||𝑏 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
2|

2024
5. Assertion (A) : A line in space cannot be drawn perpendicular to x, y and z axes simultaneously.
Reason (R) : For any line making angles, 𝛼, 𝛽, 𝛾 with the positive directions of x, y and z axes respectively,
cos2 𝛼 + cos2 𝛽 + cos 2 𝛾 = 1.
6. Assertion (A) : For two non-zero vectors 𝑎⃗ and 𝑏⃗⃗, 𝑎⃗ ⋅ 𝑏⃗⃗ = 𝑏⃗⃗ ⋅ 𝑎⃗.
Reason (𝑅) : For two non-zero vectors a⃗⃗ and ⃗⃗
b, a⃗⃗ × ⃗⃗
b = ⃗⃗
b × a⃗⃗.
7. Assertion (A) : (𝑏⃗⃗. 𝑐⃗)𝑎⃗ is a scalar quantity.
Reason (R) : Dot product of two vectors is a scalar quantity.
8. Assertion (A) : Projection of 𝑎⃗ on 𝑏⃗⃗ is same as projection of 𝑏⃗⃗ on 𝑎⃗.
Reason (R) : Angle between 𝑎⃗ and 𝑏⃗⃗ is same as angle between 𝑏⃗⃗ and 𝑎⃗ numerically.
9. Assertion (A) : The vectors
𝑎⃗ = 6𝑖ˆ + 2𝑗ˆ − 8𝑘ˆ
𝑏⃗⃗ = 10𝑖ˆ − 2𝑗ˆ − 6𝑘ˆ
𝑐⃗ = 4𝑖ˆ − 4𝑗ˆ + 2𝑘ˆ
represent the sides of a right angled triangle.
Reason (R) : Three non-zero vectors of which none of two are collinear forms a triangle if their resultant is zero
vector or sum of any two vectors is equal to the third.

SECTION B
This section comprises very short answer (VSA) type questions of 2 marks each.
2023
1. Find all the vectors of magnitude 3√3 which are collinear to vector 𝑖ˆ + 𝑗ˆ + 𝑘ˆ
2. (a) Position vectors of the points 𝐴, 𝐵 and 𝐶 as shown in the figure below are 𝑎⃗, 𝑏⃗⃗ and 𝑐⃗ respectively.
 5
If ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ AB, express 𝑐⃗ in terms of 𝑎⃗ and 𝑏⃗⃗
AC = 4 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
OR
(b) Check whether the lines given by equations 𝑥 = 2𝜆 + 2, 𝑦 = 7𝜆 + 1, 𝑧 = −3𝜆 − 3 and 𝑥 = −𝜇 − 2, 𝑦 =
2𝜇 + 8, 𝑧 = 4𝜇 + 5 are perpendicular to each other or not.
3. For two non-zero vectors 𝑎⃗ and 𝑏⃗⃗ , if |𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗| = |𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗|, then find the angle between 𝑎⃗ and 𝑏⃗⃗.

4. If 𝑎⃗, 𝑏⃗⃗, 𝑐⃗ are three non-zero unequal vectors such that 𝑎⃗ ⋅ 𝑏⃗⃗ = 𝑎⃗ ⋅ 𝑐⃗, then find the angle between 𝑎⃗ and 𝑏⃗⃗ − 𝑐⃗.
𝑥 y−1 z+1
5. Find the coordinates of points on line = = which are at a distance of √11 units from origin.
1 2 2
6. If the equation of a line is 𝑥 = 𝑎𝑦 + 𝑏, 𝑧 = 𝑐𝑦 + 𝑑, then find the direction ratios of the line and a point on the
line.
7. If points A, B and C have position vectors 2𝑖̂, 𝑗̂ and 2𝑘̂ respectively, then show that ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 is an isosceles triangle.
8. If 𝑟⃗ = 3𝑖ˆ − 2𝑗ˆ + 6𝑘ˆ, find the value of (𝑟⃗ × 𝑗ˆ) ⋅ (𝑟⃗ × 𝑘ˆ ) − 12.
24
𝑥−5 𝑦+2 𝑧+ 𝑥 𝑦 𝑧 𝜋
5
9. If the angle between the lines 𝛼
= −5
= 𝛽
and 1 = 0 = 1 is 4 , find the relation between 𝛼 and 𝛽.
𝑥−1 𝑦−4 𝑧−3 𝑥−2 𝑦−5 1−𝑧
10. Find the value of 𝑝, so that lines −2
= 3𝑝
= 4
and 4𝑝
= 2
= 7
are perpendicular to each other.
11. Find the direction cosines of the line whose Cartesian equations are 5𝑥 − 3 = 15𝑦 + 7 = 3 − 10𝑧.
1
12. If the projection of the vector 𝑖ˆ + 𝑗ˆ + 𝑘ˆ on the vector 𝑝𝑖ˆ + 𝑗ˆ − 2𝑘ˆ is 3, then find the value(s) of 𝑝.
13. (a) Find the vector equation of the line passing through the point (2,1,3) and perpendicular to both the lines
𝑥−1 𝑦−2 𝑧−3 𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
= = = =
1 2 3 3 2 5
OR
(b) The equations of a line are 5𝑥 − 3 = 15𝑦 + 7 = 3 − 10z. Write the direction cosines of the line and find
the coordinates of a point through which it passes.
14. If 𝑎⃗ = 4𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ and 𝑏⃗⃗ = 2𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ , then find a unit vector along the vector 𝑎⃗ × 𝑏⃗⃗.
2
15. (a) If the vectors 𝑎⃗ and 𝑏⃗⃗ are such that |𝑎⃗| = 3, |𝑏⃗⃗| = and 𝑎⃗ × 𝑏⃗⃗ is a unit vector, then find the angle between
3
𝑎⃗ and 𝑏⃗⃗.
OR
(b) Find the area of a parallelogram whose adjacent sides are determined by the vectors 𝑎⃗ = 𝑖ˆ − 𝑗ˆ + 3𝑘ˆ and
𝑏⃗⃗ = 2𝑖ˆ − 7𝑗ˆ + 𝑘ˆ.
16. Find the vector and the cartesian equations of a line that passes through the point 𝐴(1,2, −1) and parallel to
the line 5𝑥 − 25 = 14 − 7𝑦 = 35𝑧.
17. Find the angle between the following two lines :
𝑟⃗ = 2𝑖ˆ − 5𝑗ˆ + 𝑘ˆ + 𝜆(3𝑖ˆ + 2𝑗ˆ + 6𝑘ˆ )
𝑟⃗ = 7𝑖ˆ − 6𝑘ˆ + 𝜇(𝑖ˆ + 2𝑗ˆ + 2𝑘ˆ )
18. Sketch the region bounded by the lines 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 8, 𝑦 = 2, 𝑦 = 4 and the y-axis. Hence, obtain its area using
integration.
2024
19. If 𝑎⃗ and 𝑏⃗⃗ are two non-zero vectors such that (𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗) ⊥ 𝑎⃗ and (2a⃗⃗ + ⃗⃗
b) ⊥ ⃗⃗ ⃗⃗| = √2|a⃗⃗|.
b, then prove that |b
20. 𝐴𝐵 = 2𝑖ˆ − 4𝑗ˆ + 5𝑘ˆ and ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
In the given figure, 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 is a parallelogram. If ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ DB = 3𝑖ˆ − 6𝑗ˆ + 2𝑘ˆ, then find ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
AD and
hence find the area of parallelogram ABCD .
21. Find the position vector of point C which divides the line segment joining points 𝐴 and 𝐵 having position
vectors 𝑖ˆ + 2𝑗ˆ − 𝑘ˆ and −𝑖ˆ + 𝑗ˆ + 𝑘ˆ respectively in the ratio 4: 1 externally. Further, find |𝐴𝐵
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ |: |𝐵𝐶
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ |.
22. ⃗⃗ be two non-zero vectors.
Let a⃗⃗ and b
Prove that |𝑎⃗ × 𝑏⃗⃗| ≤ |𝑎⃗||𝑏⃗⃗|.
State the condition under which equality holds, i.e., |𝑎⃗ × 𝑏⃗⃗| = |𝑎⃗||𝑏⃗⃗|.
23. If 𝑎⃗, 𝑏⃗⃗ and 𝑐⃗ are three unit vectors such that 𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ − 𝑐⃗ = ⃗0⃗, find the angle between vectors 𝑎⃗ and 𝑐⃗.
24. 𝑎⃗, 𝑏⃗⃗ and 𝑐⃗ are three mutually perpendicular unit vectors. If 𝜃 is the angle between 𝑎⃗ and (2𝑎⃗ + 3𝑏⃗⃗ + 6𝑐⃗), find
the value of cos 𝜃.
25. Find the position vector of point C which divides the line segment joining points A and B having position vectors
𝑖⃗ + 2𝑗⃗ − 𝑘⃗⃗ and – 𝑖⃗ + 𝑗⃗ + 𝑘⃗⃗ respectively in the ratio 4 : 1 externally. Further, find |𝐴𝐵
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ |: |𝐵𝐶
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ |.
26. Find the vector equation of the line passing through the point (2,3, −5) and making equal angles with the co-
ordinate axes.

SECTION C
This section comprises short answer (SA) type questions of 3 marks each.
2023
𝑥+3 y−1
1. (a) Find the coordinates of the foot of the perpendicular drawn from the point P(0,2,3) to the line 5
= 2
=
z+4
.
3
OR
(b) Three vectors 𝑎⃗, 𝑏⃗⃗ and 𝑐⃗ satisfy the condition 𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑐⃗ = 0
⃗⃗. Evaluate the quantity 𝜇 = 𝑎⃗ ⋅ 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ ⋅ 𝑐⃗ + 𝑐⃗ ⋅
⃗⃗| = 4 and |c⃗| = 2.
𝑎⃗, if |𝑎⃗| = 3, |b
2. Find the distance between the lines:
𝐫⃗ = (𝑖ˆ + 2𝑗ˆ − 4𝑘ˆ ) + 𝜆(2𝑖ˆ + 3𝑗ˆ + 6𝑘ˆ )
𝑟⃗ = (3𝑖ˆ + 3𝑗ˆ − 5𝑘ˆ ) + 𝜇(4𝑖ˆ + 6𝑗ˆ + 12𝑘ˆ)
𝑥−15 y−29
3. (a) Find the coordinates of the foot of the perpendicular drawn from point (5,7,3) to the line 3
= 8
=
z−5
−5
.
OR
(b) If 𝑎⃗ = 𝑖ˆ + 𝑗ˆ + 𝑘ˆ and 𝑏⃗⃗ = 𝑖ˆ + 2𝑗ˆ + 3𝑘ˆ then find 𝑎 unit vector perpendicular to both 𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ and 𝑎⃗ − 𝑏⃗⃗.
2024
4. The position vectors of vertices of Δ𝐴𝐵𝐶 are 𝐴(2𝑖ˆ − 𝑗ˆ + 𝑘ˆ ), 𝐵(𝑖ˆ − 3𝑗ˆ − 5𝑘ˆ ) and 𝐶(3𝑖ˆ − 4𝑗ˆ − 4𝑘ˆ ). Find all the
angles of △ 𝐴𝐵𝐶.
5. If vectors 𝑎⃗, 𝑏⃗⃗ and 2𝑎⃗ + 3𝑏⃗⃗ are unit vectors, then find the angle between 𝑎⃗ and 𝑏⃗⃗.
6. Find a vector of magnitude 4 units perpendicular to each of the vectors 2𝑖ˆ − 𝑗ˆ + 𝑘ˆ and 𝑖ˆ + 𝑗ˆ − 𝑘ˆ and hence
verify your answer.
7. Given 𝑎⃗ = 2𝑖ˆ − 𝑗ˆ + 𝑘ˆ , 𝑏⃗⃗ = 3𝑖ˆ − 𝑘ˆ and 𝑐⃗ = 2𝑖ˆ + 𝑗ˆ − 2𝑘ˆ. Find a vector 𝑑⃗ which is perpendicular to both 𝑎⃗ and 𝑏⃗⃗
and 𝑐⃗ ⋅ 𝑑⃗ = 3.
8. Find the projection of vector (𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑐⃗) on vector 𝑎⃗, where 𝑎⃗ = 2𝑖ˆ + 2𝑗ˆ + 𝑘ˆ, b
⃗⃗ = î + 3ĵ + k̂ and c⃗ = î + k̂.
 SECTION D
This section comprises long answer type questions (LA) of 5 marks each.
2023
1. (a) Find the vector and the Cartesian equations of a line passing through the point (1, 2, 4) and parallel to the
line joining the points A(3, 3, 5) and B(1, 0, 11). Hence, find the distance between the two lines.
OR
(b) Find the equations of the line passing through the points A(1, 2, 3) and B(3, 5, 9). Hence, find the coordinates
of the points on this line which are at a distance of 14 units from point B.
2. (a) Find the equations of the diagonals of the parallelogram PQRS whose vertices are P(4,2, −6),
Q(5, −3,1), R(12,4,5) and S(11,9, −2). Use these equations to find the point of intersection of diagonals.
OR
𝑥 y z 𝑥+2 y−1
(b) A line 𝑙 passes through point (−1,3, −2) and is perpendicular to both the lines = = and = =
1 2 3 −3 2
z+1
5
. Find the vector equation of the line 𝑙. Hence, obtain its distance from origin.
𝑥−1 𝑦−𝑏 𝑧−3 𝑥−4 𝑦−1
3. (a) Find the value of 𝑏 so that the lines = = and = = 𝑧 are intersecting lines. Also, find
2 3 4 5 2
the point of intersection of these given lines.
OR
(b) Find the equations of all the sides of the parallelogram 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 whose vertices are A(4,7,8),
B(2,3,4), C(−1, −2,1) and D(1,2,5). Also, find the coordinates of the foot of the perpendicular from A to CD.
4. (a) Show that the following lines do not intersect each other :
𝑥−1 𝑦+1 𝑧−1 𝑥+2 𝑦−1 𝑧+1
= = ; = =
3 2 5 4 3 −2
OR
(b) Find the angle between the lines
2x = 3y = −z and 6x = −y = −4z
5. (a) Find the image of the point (2, −1,5) in the line
𝑥−11 𝑦+2 𝑧+8
10
= −4
= −11
𝑥+2 𝑦−1 𝑧
(b) Vertices B and C of △ 𝐴𝐵𝐶 lie on the line 2
= 1
= 4. Find the area of ΔABC given that point A has
coordinates (1, −1,2) and the line segment BC has length of 5 units.
6. Find the coordinates of the image of the point (𝟏, 𝟔, 𝟑) with respect to the line 𝑟⃗ = (𝑗ˆ + 2𝑘ˆ ) + 𝜆(𝑖ˆ + 2𝑗ˆ +
3𝑘ˆ ); where ' 𝜆 ' is a scalar. Also, find the distance of the image from the 𝑦-axis.
OR
An aeroplane is flying along the line 𝑟⃗ = 𝜆(𝑖ˆ − 𝑗ˆ + 𝑘ˆ ); where ' 𝜆 ' is a scalar and another aeroplane is flying along
the line 𝑟⃗ = 𝑖ˆ − 𝑗ˆ + 𝜇(−2𝑗ˆ + 𝑘ˆ ); where ' 𝜇 'is a scalar. At what points on the lines should they reach, so that the
distance between them is the shortest? Find the shortest possible distance between them.
2024
𝑥 𝑦−1 𝑧−2
7. The image of point P(x, y, z) with respect to line 1 = 2
= 3
is 𝑃′(1, 0, 7). Find the coordinates of point P.
8. Equations of sides of a parallelogram ABCD are as follows :
x+1 y−2 z−1
AB: = =
1 −2 2
𝑥−1 𝑦+2 𝑧−5
𝐵𝐶: = =
3 −5 3
𝑥−4 𝑦+7 𝑧−8
CD : 1
= −2 = 2
𝑥−2 𝑦+3 𝑧−4
DA: 3
= −5 = 3
Find the equation of diagonal BD.
 𝑥 𝑦−1 𝑧−2
9. Find the equation of a line 𝑙2 which is the mirror image of the line 𝑙1 with respect to line 𝑙: 1 = 2
= 3
, given
that line 𝑙1 passes through the point P(1, 6, 3) and parallel to line 𝑙.
10. Find the equation of the line which bisects the line segment joining points A(2,3,4) and B(4,5,8) and is
𝑥−8 𝑦+19 𝑧−10 𝑥−15 𝑦−29 𝑧−5
perpendicular to the lines = = and = = .
3 −16 7 3 8 −5
11. Find the value of 𝑝 for which the lines
r⃗ = 𝜆î + (2𝜆 + 1)ĵ + (3𝜆 + 2)k̂ and
r⃗ = î − 3𝜇ĵ + (p𝜇 + 7)k̂
are perpendicular to each other and also intersect. Also, find the point of intersection of the given lines.
12. The vertices of Δ ABC are A(1, 1, 0), B(1, 2, 1) and C(– 2, 2, – 1). Find the equations of the medians through A and
B. Use the equations so obtained to find the coordinates of the centroid.
𝑥 𝑦−1 𝑧−2 𝑥−1
13. Find the equation of the line passing through the point of intersection of the lines = = and =
1 2 3 0
𝑦 𝑧−7
−3
= 2
and perpendicular to these given lines.
𝑥 2𝑦−6 1−𝑧
14. Find the distance between the line 2
= 4
= −1
and another line parallel to it passing through the point
(4, 0, – 5).
4−𝑥 𝑦
15. (a) Find the co-ordinates of the foot of the perpendicular drawn from the point (2,3, −8) to the line 2
=6=
1−z
.
3
Also, find the perpendicular distance of the given point from the line.
OR
(b) Find the shortest distance between the lines L1 & L2 given below :
𝑥 y z
L1 : The line passing through (2, −1,1) and parallel to 1 = 1 = 3

𝐿2 : 𝑟⃗ = 𝑖ˆ + (2𝜇 + 1)𝑗ˆ − (𝜇 + 2)𝑘ˆ

SECTION –E
[This section comprises of 3 case- study/passage based questions of 4 marks each with sub parts. The first two case
study questions have three sub parts (i), (ii), (iii) of marks 1,1,2 respectively. The third case study question has two
sub parts of 2 marks each.)
2023
1. Read the following passage and answer the questions given below:
Teams 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶 went for playing a tug of war game. Teams 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶 have attached a rope to a metal ring and is
trying to pull the ring into their own area.
Team 𝐴 pulls with force 𝐹1 = 6𝑖ˆ + 0𝑗ˆ𝑘𝑁,
Team 𝐵 pulls with force 𝐹2 = −4𝑖ˆ + 4𝑗ˆ𝑘𝑁,
Team 𝐶 pulls with force 𝐹3 = −3𝑖ˆ − 3𝑗ˆ𝑘𝑁,
(i) What is the magnitude of the force of Team 𝑨 ?
(ii) Which team will win the game?
(iii) Find the magnitude of the resultant force exerted by the teams.
OR
(iii) In what direction is the ring getting pulled?
2024
2. An instructor at the astronomical centre shows three among the brightest stars in a particular constellation.
Assume that the telescope is located at O(0,0,0) and the three stars have their locations at the points D , A
and V having position vectors 2𝑖ˆ + 3𝑗ˆ + 4𝑘ˆ , 7𝑖ˆ + 5𝑗ˆ + 8𝑘ˆ and −3𝑖ˆ + 7𝑗ˆ + 11𝑘ˆ respectively.
Based on the above information, answer the following questions :
(i) How far is the star V from star A ?
(ii) Find a unit vector in the direction of ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
DA.
(iii) Find the measure of ∠VDA.
OR
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ?
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ on vector DA
(iii) What is the projection of vector DV
 XII MATHEMATICS
PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS (2023 & 2024)
LINEAR PROGRAMMING
SECTION A
This section comprises multiple choice questions (MCQs) of 1 mark each.
2023
1. The corner points of the feasible region in the graphical representation of a linear programming problem are (2,
72), (15, 20) and (40, 15). If 𝑧 = 18𝑥 + 9𝑦 be the objective function, then:
(a) z is maximum at (2, 72), minimum at (15, 20) (b) z is maximum at (15, 20), minimum at (40, 15)
(c) z is maximum at (40, 15), minimum at (15, 20) (d) z is maximum at (40, 15), minimum at (2, 72)
2. The number of corner points of the feasible region determined by the constraints 𝑥 − 𝑦 ≥ 0, 2𝑦 ≤ 𝑥 + 2, 𝑥 ≥
0, 𝑦 ≥ 0 is:
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5
3. The objective function 𝑍 = a𝑥 + by of an LPP has maximum value 42 at (4,6) and minimum value 19 at (3,2).
Which of the following is true?
(A) a = 9, b = 1 (B) a = 5, b = 2 (C) a = 3, b = 5 (D) a = 5, b = 3
20 4
4. The corner points of the feasible region of a linear programming problem are (0,4), (8,0) and ( , ). If 𝑍 =
3 3
30𝑥 + 24𝑦 is the objective function, then (maximum value of 𝑍 − minimum value of 𝑍 ) is equal to
(A) 40 (B) 96 (C) 120 (D) 136
5. The number of feasible solutions of the linear programming problem given as
Maximize z = 15x + 30y subject to constraints :
3𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 12, 𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 10, 𝑥 ≥ 0, 𝑦 ≥ 0 is
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) infinite
6. The feasible region of a linear programming problem is shown in the figure below :

Which of the following are the possible constraints?

(a) x + 2y ≥ 4, 𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 3, 𝑥 ≥ 0, 𝑦 ≥ 0 (b) 𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 4, 𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 3, 𝑥 ≥ 0, 𝑦 ≥ 0
(c) 𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≥ 4, 𝑥 + 𝑦 ≥ 3, 𝑥 ≥ 0, ∣ 𝑦 ≥ 0 (d) 𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≥ 4, 𝑥 + 𝑦 ≥ 3, 𝑥 ≤ 0, 𝑦 ≤ 0
7. The solution set of the inequation 3𝑥 + 5𝑦 < 7 is :
(a) whole xy-plane except the points lying on the line 3x + 5y = 7.
(b) whole xy-plane along with the points lying on the line 3x + 5y = 7.
(c) open half plane containing the origin except the points of line 3x + 5y = 7.
(d) open half plane not containing the origin.
8. Which of the following points satisfies both the inequations 2x + y ≤ 10 and x + 2y ≥ 8 ?
(a) (−2,4) (b) (3,2) (c) (−5,6) (d) (4,2)
9. The feasible region corresponding to the linear constraints of a Linear Programming Problem is given below.

Which of the following is not a constraint to the given Linear Programming Problem?
(a) 𝑥 + 𝑦 ≥ 2 (b) 𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 10 (c) 𝑥 − 𝑦 ≥ 1 (d) 𝑥 − 𝑦 ≤ 1
10. The point which lies in the half-plane 2x + y 4 0 is :
(a) (0, 8) (b) (1, 1) (c) (5, 5) (d) (2, 2)
11. The corner points of the bounded feasible region of an LPP are O(0, 0), A(250, 0), B(200, 50) and C(0, 175). If the
maximum value of the objective function Z = 2ax + by occurs at the points A(250, 0) and B(200, 50), then the
relation between a and b is :

(a) 2𝑎 = 𝑏 (b) 2𝑎 = 3𝑏 (c) 𝑎 = 𝑏 (d) 𝑎 = 2𝑏

2024
12. A linear programming problem deals with the optimization of a/an :
(A) logarithmic function (B) linear function
(C) quadratic function (D) exponential function
13. The number of corner points of the feasible region determined by constraints 𝑥 ≥ 0, 𝑦 ≥ 0, 𝑥 + 𝑦 ≥ 4 is:
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3
14. The common region determined by all the constraints of a linear programming problem is called :
(A) an unbounded region (B) an optimal region
(C) a bounded region (D) a feasible region
15. The restrictions imposed on decision variables involved in an objective function of a linear programming
problem are called :
(A) feasible solutions (B) constraints (C) optimal solutions (D) infeasible solutions
16. Of the following, which group of constraints represents the feasible region given below?

(A) 𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 76, 2𝑥 + 𝑦 ≥ 104, 𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0 (B) 𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 76, 2𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 104, 𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0

(C) 𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≥ 76, 2𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 104, 𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0 (D) 𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≥ 76, 2𝑥 + 𝑦 ≥ 104, 𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0
17. The maximum value of 𝑍 = 4𝑥 + 𝑦 for a L.P.P. whose feasible region is given below is :

(A) 50 (B) 110 (C) 120 (D) 170

18. For the linear programming problem (LPP), the objective function is 𝑍 = 4𝑥 + 3𝑦 and the feasible region
determined by a set of constraints is shown in the graph:

Which of the following statements is true?

(A) Maximum value of 𝑍 is at 𝑅(40,0).
(B) Maximum value of 𝒁 is at 𝑄(𝟑𝟎, 𝟐𝟎).
(C) Value of 𝑍 at 𝑅(𝟒𝟎, 𝟎) is less than the value at 𝑃(𝟎, 𝟒𝟎).
(D) The value of 𝑍 at 𝑄(𝟑𝟎, 𝟐𝟎) is less than the value at 𝑅(𝟒𝟎, 𝟎).
19. A linear programming problem (LPP) along with the graph of its constraints is shown below.
The corresponding objective function is: 𝑍 = 18𝑥 + 10𝑦, which has to be minimized. The smallest value of the
objective function Z is 134 and is obtained at the corner point (3,8),
 The optimal solution of the above linear programming problem
(A) does not exist as the feasible region is unbounded.
(B) does not exist as the inequality 18𝑥 + 10𝑦 < 134 does not have any point in common with the feasible
region.
(C) exists as the inequality 18𝑥 + 10𝑦 > 134 has infinitely many points in common with the feasible region.
(D) exists as the inequality 18𝑥 + 10𝑦 < 134 does not have any point in common with the feasible region.

Assertion and Reason

Questions number 19 and 20 are Assertion and Reason based questions carrying 1 mark each. Two statements are given,
one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d)
as given below.
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true and Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false and Reason (R) is true.
2024
1. Assertion (A) : The corner points of the bounded feasible region of a L.P.P. are shown below. The maximum
value of Z = 𝑥 + 2y occurs at infinite points.

Reason (R) : The optimal solution of a LPP having bounded feasible region must occur at corner points.
SECTION C
This section comprises short answer (SA) type questions of 3 marks each.
2023
1. Solve graphically the following linear programming problem :
Maximise 𝑧 = 6𝑥 + 3𝑦,
subject to the constraints
4𝑥 + 𝑦 ≥ 80,
3𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 150,
𝑥 + 5𝑦 ≥ 115,
𝑥 ≥ 0, 𝑦 ≥ 0.
2. Solve the following linear programming problem graphically :
Maximize 𝑃 = 100x + 5y
subject to the constraints
𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 300
3𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 600
𝑦 ≤ 𝑥 + 200
𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0
3. Solve the following linear programming problem graphically:
Maximize 𝑧 = 600x + 400y
subject to the constraints:
x + 2y ≤ 12,
2x + y ≤ 12,
𝑥 + 1.25𝑦 ≥ 5
x, y ≥ 0
4. Solve the following linear programming problem graphically :
Minimize : Z = 5𝑥 + 10y
subject to constraints : 𝑥 + 2y ≤ 120, 𝑥 + y ≥ 60, 𝑥 − 2y ≥ 0,
𝑥 ≥ 0, y ≥ 0
5. Solve the following linear programming problem graphically :
Maximize : Z = 𝑥 + 2y
subject to constraints : 𝑥 + 2y ≥ 100,
2𝑥 − y ≤ 0,
2𝑥 + y ≤ 200,
𝑥 ≥ 0, y ≥ 0.
6. Solve the following Linear Programming problem graphically :
Maximize : Z = 3𝑥 + 3.5y
subject to constraints : 𝑥 + 2y ≥ 240,
3𝑥 + 1.5y ≥ 270,
1.5𝑥 + 2y ≤ 310,
𝑥 ≥ 0, y ≥ 0.
7. Determine graphically the minimum value of the following objective function:
𝑧 = 500𝑥 + 400𝑦
subject to constraints
𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 200,
𝑥 ≥ 20,
𝑦 ≥ 4𝑥,
𝑦 ≥ 0.
8. Solve the following linear programming problem graphically :
Maximize z = 3x + 9y
subject to the constraints
𝑥 + 𝑦 ≥ 10,
𝑥 + 3𝑦 ≤ 60,
𝑥 ≤ 𝑦,
𝑥 ≥ 0, 𝑦 ≥ 0.
9. Solve the following linear programming problem graphically :
Minimize 𝑧 = 𝑥 + 2𝑦
subject to the constraints
2𝑥 + 𝑦 ≥3
𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≥6
𝑥 ≥0
𝑦 ≥0
10. Solve the following linear programming problem graphically :
Minimise : z = −3x + 4y
subject to the constraints
𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 8
3𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 12
𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0
11. Solve the following linear programming problem graphically :
Maximise z = −3x − 5y
subject to the constraints
−2𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 4
𝑥+𝑦 ≥3
𝑥 − 2𝑦 ≤ 2
𝑥 ≥ 0, 𝑦 ≥ 0
12. Solve the following linear programming problem graphically :
Maximise z = 5x + 3y
subject to the constraints
3𝑥 + 5𝑦 ≤ 15
5𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 10
𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0
13. Solve the following Linear Programming Problem graphically:
Minimize: 𝑧 = 𝑥 + 2𝑦,
subject to the constraints: 𝑥 ≥ 2𝑦 ≥ 100, 2𝑥 − 𝑦 ≤ 0, 2𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 200, 𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0.
OR
Solve the following Linear Programming Problem graphically:
Maximize: 𝑧 = −𝑥 + 2𝑦,
subject to the constraints: 𝑥 ≥ 3, 𝑥 + 𝑦 ≥ 5, 𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≥ 6, 𝑦 ≥ 0.
14. Solve the following Linear Programming Problem graphically :
Minimise z = 3x + 8y
subject to the constraints
3𝑥 + 4𝑦 ≥ 8
5𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≥ 11
𝑥 ≥ 0, 𝑦 ≥ 0
15. Solve the following Linear Programming Problem graphically:
Maximise 𝑧 = 10𝑥 + 15𝑦
subject to the constraints :
3𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 50
𝑥 + 4𝑦 ≥ 20
𝑥 ≥ 8, 𝑦 ≥ 0
16. Solve the following Linear Programming Problem graphically:
Maximise 𝑧 = 6𝑥 + 7𝑦
subject to the constraints :
2𝑥 + 𝑦 ≥ 8
𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≥ 10
𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0
2024
17. Solve the following linear programming problem graphically :
Maximise 𝑧 = 500𝑥 + 300𝑦,
subject to constraints
𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 12
2𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 12
4𝑥 + 5𝑦 ≥ 20
𝑥 ≥ 0, 𝑦 ≥ 0
18. Solve the following linear programming problem graphically :
Maximise 𝑧 = 5𝑥 + 4𝑦
subject to the constraints
𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≥ 4
3𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 6
𝑥+𝑦≤4
𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0
19. Solve the following linear programming problem graphically :
Minimise 𝑧 = 5𝑥– 2𝑦
subject to the constraints
𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 120
𝑥 + 𝑦 ≥ 60
𝑥– 2𝑦 ≥ 0
𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0
20. Solve the following linear programming problem graphically :
Maximise 𝑧 = 4𝑥 + 3𝑦,
subject to the constraints
𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 800
2𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 1000
𝑥 ≤ 400
𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0.
21. Solve the following linear programming problem graphically :
Minimize 𝑧 = 600𝑥 + 400𝑦,
subject to the constraints
𝑥+𝑦≥8
𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 16
4𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 29
𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0.
22. Solve the following linear programming problem graphically :
Maximize 𝑧 = 𝑥 + 𝑦
subject to constraints
2𝑥 + 5𝑦 ≤ 100
8𝑥 + 5𝑦 ≤ 200
𝑥 ≥ 0, 𝑦 ≥ 0.
23. Solve the following linear programming problem graphically :
Maximise Z = 2𝑥 + 3𝑦
subject to the constraints :
𝑥+y≤6
𝑥≥2
y≤3
𝑥, y ≥ 0
24. Solve the following L.P.P. graphically :
Maximise Z = 𝑥 + 3y
subject to the constraints :
𝑥 + 2y ≤ 200
𝑥 + y ≤ 150
y ≤ 75
𝑥, y ≥ 0
25. The corner points of the feasible region determined by the system of linear constraints are as shown in the
following figure :

(i) If Z = 3𝑥 − 4𝑦 be the objective function, then find the maximum value of 𝑍.

(ii) If 𝑍 = 𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞𝑦 where 𝑝, 𝑞 > 0 be the objective function. Find the condition on 𝑝 and 𝑞 so that maximum
value of 𝑍 occurs at 𝐵(4,10) and C(6,8).
26. Consider the following Linear Programming Problem:
Minimise 𝑍 = 𝑥 + 2𝑦
Subject to 2𝑥 + 𝑦 ≥ 3, 𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≥ 6, 𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0.
Show graphically that the minimum of Z occurs at more than two points
SECTION D
This section comprises long answer type questions (LA) of 5 marks each.
2023
1. Solve the following Linear Programming Problem graphically:
Maximize : P = 70𝑥 + 40y
subject to : 3𝑥 + 2y ≤ 9
3𝑥 + y ≤ 9
𝑥 ≥ 0, y ≥ 0
2. Solve the following Linear Programming Problem graphically :
Minimise : Z = 60𝑥 + 80y
subject to constraints :
3𝑥 + 4y ≥ 8
5𝑥 + 2y ≥ 11
𝑥, y ≥ 0
2024
3. Solve the following L.P.P. graphically :
Maximise 𝑍 = 60𝑥 + 40𝑦
Subject to
𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 12
2𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 12
4𝑥 + 5𝑦 ≥ 20
𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0
4. Solve the following Linear Programming problem graphically :
Maximise 𝑍 = 300𝑥 + 600𝑦
Subject to
𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 12
2𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 12
5
𝑥 +4𝑦 ≥ 5
𝑥 ≥ 0, 𝑦 ≥ 0
5. Solve the following L.P.P. graphically :
Minimise Z = 6𝑥 + 3𝑦
Subject to constraints
4𝑥 + 𝑦 ≥ 80
𝑥 + 5𝑦 ≥ 115
3𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 150
𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0
6. Solve the following linear programming problem graphically :
Minimise 𝑍 = 6𝑥 + 7𝑦
subject to constraints
𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≥ 240
3𝑥 + 4𝑦 ≤ 620
2𝑥 + 𝑦 ≥ 180
𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0.
SECTION –E
[This section comprises of 3 case- study/passage based questions of 4 marks each with sub parts. The first two case
study questions have three sub parts (i), (ii), (iii) of marks 1,1,2 respectively. The third case study question has two
sub parts of 2 marks each.)
2024
1. The month of September is celebrated as the Rashtriya Poshan Maah across the country. Following a healthy
and well-balanced diet is crucial in order to supply the body with the proper nutrients it needs. A balanced diet
also keeps us mentally fit and promotes improved level of energy.
A dietician wishes to minimize the cost of a diet involving two types of foods, food X (x kg) and food Y (y kg)
which are available at the rate of ₹ 16/kg and ₹ 20/kg respectively. The feasible region satisfying the constraints
is shown in Figure-2.
On the basis of the above information, answer the following questions :
(i) Identify and write all the constraints which determine the given feasible region in Figure-2.
(ii) If the objective is to minimize cost 𝑍 = 16𝑥 + 20𝑦, find the values of 𝑥 and 𝑦 at which cost is minimum. Also,
find minimum cost assuming that minimum cost is possible for the given unbounded region.
 XII MATHEMATICS
PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS (2023 & 2024)
PROBABILITY
SECTION A
This section comprises multiple choice questions (MCQs) of 1 mark each.
2023
𝐴 𝐵
1. If 𝑃 (𝐵) = 0 · 3, 𝑃(𝐴) = 0 · 4 and 𝑃(𝐵) = 0 · 8, then 𝑃 (𝐴) is equal to :

(a) 0.6 (b) 0.3 (c) 0.06 (d) 0.4

2. Ashima can hit a target 2 out of 3 times. She tried to hit the target twice. The probability that she missed the
target exactly once is
2 1 4 1
(a) 3 (b) 3 (c) 9 (d) 9

3. If the sum of numbers obtained on throwing a pair of dice is 9, then the probability that number obtained on
one of the dice is 4, is :
1 4 1 1
(A) 9 (B) 9 (C) 18 (D) 2
2
4. If A and B are two events such that 𝑃(𝐴/𝐵) = 2 × 𝑃(𝐵/𝐴) and 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) = , then P(B) is equal to
3
2 7 4 5
(A) 9 (B) 9 (C) 9 (D) 9
1 3 𝐵
5. If for two events A and B, 𝑃(𝐴 − 𝐵) = and 𝑃(𝐴) = , then 𝑃 ( ) is equal to
5 5 𝐴
1 3 2 2
(A) 2 (B) 5 (C) 5 (D) 3
1 3 𝐵
6. If 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = and 𝑃(𝐴̅) = , then 𝑃 ( ) is equal to:
8 4 𝐴
1 1 1 2
(a) 2
(b) 3 (c) 6 (d) 3
1 2 1 𝐴̅
7. For any two events A and B, if 𝑃(𝐴̅) = 2 , 𝑃(𝐵̅ ) = 3 and 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 4, then 𝑃 (𝐵̅) equals:
3 8 1 1
(a) 8 (b) 9 (c) 8 (d) 4
2 3
8. X and Y are independent events such that 𝑃(𝑋 ∩ 𝑌̅) = and 𝑃(𝑋) = . Then P(Y) is equal to:
5 5
2 2 1 1
(a) 3
(b) 5 (c) 3 (d) 5
4 3
9. The probability that A speaks the truth is 5
and that of B speaking the truth is 4. The probability that they
contradict each other in stating the same fact is :
7 1 3 4
(a) 20 (b) 5 (c) 20 (d) 5

10. For two events A and B, if 𝑃(𝐴) = 0.4, 𝑃(𝐵) = 0.8 and 𝑃(𝐵/𝐴) = 0.6, then 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) is:
(a) 0.24 (b) 0.3 (c) 0.48 (d) 0.96
11. The events E and F are independent. If 𝑃(𝐸) = 0.3 and 𝑃(𝐸 ∪ 𝐹) = 0.5, then 𝑃(𝐸/𝐹) − 𝑃(𝐹/𝐸) equals:
1 2 3 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
7 7 35 70
4 7
12. If for any two events A and B, 𝑃(𝐴) = 5 and 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 10, then 𝑃(𝐵/𝐴) is equal to
1 1 7 17
(a) 10 (b) 8 (c) 8 (d) 20

13. Five fair coins are tossed simultaneously. The probability of the events that atleast one head comes up is
27 5 31 1
(a) 32 (b) 32 (c) 32 (d) 32
 1 1
14. If A and B are two independent events such that 𝑃(𝐴) = 3 and 𝑃(𝐵) = 4, then 𝑃(𝐵′/𝐴) is
1 1 3
(a) 4 (b) 8 (c) 4 (d) 1
1 1 1
15. A problem in Mathematics is given to three students whose chances of solving it are , , respectively. If the
2 3 4
events of their solving the problem are independent then the probability that the problem will be solved, is
1 1 1 3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
4 3 2 4

2024
16. If 𝑃(𝐴|𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴′ |𝐵), then which of the following statements is true ?
1
(A) 𝑃(𝐴) = 𝑃(𝐴′ ) (B) 𝑃(𝐴) = 2𝑃(𝐵) (C) 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐵) (D) 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 2𝑃(𝐵)
2

17. Let E be an event of a sample space S of an experiment, then 𝑃(𝑆|𝐸) =

(A) 𝑃(𝑆 ∩ 𝐸) (B) 𝑃(𝐸) (C) 1 (D) 0
18. Let E and F be two events such that 𝑃(𝐸) = 0 · 1, 𝑃(𝐹) = 0 · 3, 𝑃(𝐸 ∪ 𝐹) = 0 · 4, then 𝑃(𝐹|𝐸) is:
(A) 0·6 (B) 0·4 (C) 0·5 (D) 0
19. The probability distribution of a random variable X is:
X 0 1 2 3 4
P(X) 0.1 k 2k k 0.1
Where 𝑘 is some unknown constant.
The probability that the random variable X takes the value 2 is:
1 2 4
(A) (B) (C) (D) 1
5 5 5

20. If A and B are events such that P(A/B) = P(B/A) ≠ 0, then :

(A) A ⊂ B, but A ≠ B (B) A = B (C) A ∩ B = 𝜙 (D) P(A) = P(B)

Assertion and Reason

Questions number 19 and 20 are Assertion and Reason based questions carrying 1 mark each. Two statements are given,
one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer from the codes (a), (b), (c) and
(d) as given below.
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true and Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false and Reason (R) is true.
2023
1. Assertion (A) : Two coins are tossed simultaneously. The probability of getting two heads, if it is known that at
1
least one head comes up, is 3.
𝑃(𝐸∩𝐹)
Reason (R) : Let E and F be two events with a random experiment, then 𝑃(𝐹/𝐸) = .
𝑃(𝐸)

SECTION C
This section comprises short answer (SA) type questions of 3 marks each.
2023
1. (a) The probability distribution of a random variable X is given below:
X 1 2 3
𝑘 𝑘 𝑘
P(X)
2 3 6
 (i) Find the value of 𝑘.
(ii) Find 𝑃(1 ≤ 𝑋 < 3).
(iii) Find 𝐸(𝑋), the mean of 𝑋.
OR
1 1
(b) A and B are independent events such that 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵̅) = 4 and 𝑃(𝐴̅ ∩ 𝐵) = 6. Find 𝑃(𝐴) and 𝑃(𝐵).
2. (a) Two balls are drawn at random one by one with replacement from an urn containing equal number of red
balls and green balls. Find the probability distribution of number of red balls. Also, find the mean of the random
variable.
OR
(b) A and B throw a die alternately till one of them gets a '6' and wins the game. Find their respective probabilities
of wining, if A starts the game first.
3. (a) Two balls are drawn at random one by one with replacement from an urn containing equal number of red
balls and green balls. Find the probability distribution of number of red balls. Also, find the mean of the random
variable.
OR
(b) A and B throw a die alternately till one of them gets a ‘6’ and wins the game. Find their respective probabilities
of wining, if A starts the game first.
4. (a) Two numbers are selected from first six even natural numbers at random without replacement. If X denotes
the greater of two numbers selected, find the probability distribution of X.
OR
(b) A fair coin and an unbiased die are tossed. Let A be the event, "Head appears on the coin" and B be the event,
"3 comes on the die". Find whether A and Bare independent events or not.
5. (a) A pair of dice is thrown simultaneously. If X denotes the absolute difference of numbers obtained on the pair
of dice, then find the probability distribution of X.
OR
(b) There are two coins. One of them is a biased coin such that P (head) : P (tail) is 1 : 3 and the other coin is a
fair coin. A coin is selected at random and tossed once. If the coin showed head, then find the probability that
it is a biased coin.
6. From a lot of 30 bulbs which include 6 defective bulbs, a sample of 2 bulbs is drawn at random one by one with
replacement. Find the probability distribution of the number of defective bulbs and hence find the mean number
of defective bulbs.
2024
7. E and F are two independent events such that 𝑃(𝐸̅ ) = 0.6 and 𝑃(𝐸 ∪ 𝐹) = 0.6. Find 𝑃(𝐹) and 𝑃(𝐸̅ ∪ 𝐹̅ ).
8. A pair of dice is thrown simultaneously. If X denotes the absolute difference of the numbers appearing on top
of the dice, then find the probability distribution of X.
9. The chances of P, Q and R getting selected as CEO of a company are in the ratio 4 : 1 : 2 respectively. The
probabilities for the company to increase its profits from the previous year under the new CEO, P, Q or R are
0·3, 0·8 and 0·5 respectively. If the company increased the profits from the previous year, find the probability
that it is due to the appointment of R as CEO.
10. (a) A card from a well shuffled deck of 52 playing cards is lost. From the remaining cards of the pack, a card is
drawn at random and is found to be a King. Find the probability of the lost card being a King.
OR
(b) A biased die is twice as likely to show an even number as an odd number. If such a die is thrown twice, find
the probability distribution of the number of sixes. Also, find the mean of the distribution.
11. The random variable X has the following probability distribution where a and 𝑏 are some constants :
𝐗 1 2 3 4 5
𝐏(𝐗) 0.2 a a 0.2 b
If the mean E(X) = 3, then find values of a and b and hence determine P(X ≥ 3).
12. Bag I contains 3 red and 4 black balls, Bag II contains 5 red and 2 black balls. Two balls are transferred at
random from Bag I to Bag II and then a ball is drawn at random from Bag II. Find the probability that the drawn
ball is red in colour.
13. An urn contains 3 red and 2 white marbles. Two marbles are drawn one by one with replacement from the urn.
Find the probability distribution of the number of white balls. Also, find the mean of the number of white balls
drawn.

SECTION D
This section comprises long answer type questions (LA) of 5 marks each.
2023
3
1. (a) In answering a question on a multiple choice test, a student either knows the answer or guesses. Let 5 be the
2
probability that he knows the answer and 5 be the probability that he guesses. Assuming that a student who
1
guesses at the answer will be correct with probability 3. What is the probability that the student knows the
answer, given that he answered it correctly?
OR
(b) A box contains 10 tickets, 2 of which carry a prize of ₹8 each, 5 of which carry a prize of ₹4 each, and
remaining 3 carry a prize of ₹2 each. If one ticket is drawn at random, find the mean value of the prize.

SECTION –E
[This section comprises of 3 case- study/passage based questions of 4 marks each with sub parts. The first two case
study questions have three sub parts (i), (ii), (iii) of marks 1,1,2 respectively. The third case study question has two
sub parts of 2 marks each.)
2023
1. There are different types of Yoga which involve the usage of different poses of Yoga Asanas, Meditation and
Pranayam as shown in the figure below :

The Venn diagram below represents the probabilities of three different types
of Yoga, A, B and C performed by the people of a society. Further, it is given
that probability of a member performing type C Yoga is 0·44.

On the basis of the above information, answer the following questions :

 (i) Find the value of x.
(ii) Find the value of y. 1
𝐶
(iii) (a) Find 𝑃 (𝐵).

OR
(iii) (b) Find the probability that a randomly selected person of the society does Yoga of type A or B but not C.
2.

Depending upon the parents, the chances of having a left handed child are as follows:
A: When both father and mother are left handed :
Chances of left handed child is 24%.
B: When father is right handed and mother is left handed :
Chances of left handed child is 22%.
C: When father is left handed and mother is right handed :
Chances of left handed child is 17%.
D: When both father and mother are right handed :
Chances of left handed child is 9%.
1
Assuming that 𝑃(𝐴) = 𝑃(𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐶) = 𝑃(𝐷) = 4 and L denotes the event that child is left handed.
Based on the above information, answer the following questions :
(i) Find P(L/C)
(ii) Find P( L /A)
(iii) (a) Find P(A/L)
OR
(b) Find the probability that a randomly selected child is left handed given that exactly one of the parents is left
handed.
3. An octagonal prism is a three-dimensional polyhedron bounded by two octagonal bases and eight rectangular
side faces. It has 24 edges and 16 vertices.

The prism is rolled along the rectangular faces and number on the bottom face (touching the ground) is noted.
Let X denote the number obtained on the bottom face and the following table give the probability distribution
of X.
X: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
P(X): p 2p 2p p 2p p 2p 7p2+p 2 2

Based on the above information, answer the following questions:

 (i) Find the value of 𝑝.
(ii) Find 𝑃(𝑋 > 6).
(iii) (a) Find 𝑃(𝑋 = 3𝑚), where m is a natural number.
OR
(iii) (b) Find the mean 𝐸(𝑋).
4. A building contractor undertakes a job to construct 4 flats on a plot along with parking area. Due to strike the
probability of many construction workers not being present for the job is 0·65. The probability that many are
not present and still the work gets completed on time is 0·35. The probability that work will be completed on
time when all workers are present is 0·80.
Let : E1 : represent the event when many workers were not present for the job;
E2 : represent the event when all workers were present; and
E : represent completing the construction work on time.
Based on the above information, answer the following questions:
(i) What is the probability that all the workers are present for the job ?
(ii) What is the probability that construction will be completed on time ?
(iii) (a) What is the probability that many workers are not present given that the construction work is completed
on time ?
OR
(iii) (b) What is the probability that all workers were present given that the construction job was completed on
time ?
5. Read the following passage and answer the questions given below:
In an Office three employees Jayant, Sonia and Oliver process incoming copies of a certain form. Jayant
processes 50% of the forms, Sonia processes 20% and Oliver the remaining 30% of the forms. Jayant has an error
rate of 0.06 , Sonia has an error rate of 0.04 and Oliver has an error rate of 0.03.
Based on the above information, answer the following questions.

(i) Find the probability that Sonia processed the form and committed an error.
(ii) Find the total probability of committing an error in processing the form.
(iii) The manager of the Company wants to do a quality check. During inspection, he selects a form at random
from the days output of processed form. If the form selected at random has an error, find the probability that
the form is not processed by Jayant.
OR
(iii) Let 𝐸 be the event of committing an error in processing the form and let 𝐸1 , 𝐸2 and 𝐸3 be the events that
Jayant, Sonia and Oliver processed the form. Find the value of ∑3𝑖=1 𝑃(𝐸𝑖 |𝐸)
2024
6. According to recent research, air turbulence has increased in various regions around the world due to climate
change. Turbulence makes flights bumpy and often delays the flights.
Assume that, an airplane observes severe turbulence, moderate turbulence or light turbulence with equal
probabilities. Further, the chance of an airplane reaching late to the destination are 55%, 37% and 17% due to
severe, moderate and light turbulence respectively.
 On the basis of the above information, answer the following questions :
(i) Find the probability that an airplane reached its destination late.
(ii) If the airplane reached its destination late, find the probability that it was due to moderate turbulence.
7. Airplanes are by far the safest mode of transportation when the number of transported passengers are
measured against personal injuries and fatality totals.

Previous records state that the probability of an airplane crash is 0.00001%. Further, there are 95% chances that
there will be survivors after a plane crash. Assume that in case of no crash, all travelers survive.
Let 𝐸1 be the event that there is a plane crash and E2 be the event that there is no crash. Let A be the event that
passengers survive after the journey.
On the basis of the above information, answer the following questions :
(i) Find the probability that the airplane will not crash.
(ii) Find 𝑃(𝐴|𝐸1 ) + 𝑃(𝐴|𝐸2 ).
(iii) (a) Find P(A).
OR
(iii) (b) Find 𝑃(𝐸2 |𝐴).
8. Rohit, Jaspreet and Alia appeared for an interview for three vacancies in the same post. The probability of Rohit's
1 1 1
selection is 5, Jaspreet's selection is 3 and Alia's selection is 4. The event of selection is independent of each other.

Based on the above information, answer the following questions:

(i) What is the probability that at least one of them is selected?
(ii) Find 𝑃(𝐺 ∣ 𝐻‾ ) where 𝐺 is the event of Jaspreet's selection and 𝐻‾ denotes the event that Rohit is not selected.
(iii) Find the probability that exactly one of them is selected.
OR
(iii) Find the probability that exactly two of them are selected.
9. A departmental store sends bills to charge its customers once a month. Past experience shows that 70% of its
customers pay their first month bill in time. The store also found that the customer who pays the bill in time has
the probability of 0.8 of paying in time next month and the customer who doesn't pay in time has the probability
of 0.4 of paying in time the next month.
Based on the above information, answer the following questions :
(i) Let E1 and E2 respectively denote the event of customer paying or not paying the first month bill in time. Find
P(E1 ), P(E2 ).
(ii) Let A denotes the event of customer paying second month's bill in time, then find P(A ∣ E1 ) and P(A ∣ E2 ).
(iii) Find the probability of customer paying second month's bill in time.
OR
(iii) Find the probability of customer paying first month's bill in time if it is found that customer has paid the
second month's bill in time.
10. A departmental store sends bills to charge its customers once a month. Past experience shows that 70% of its
customers pay their first month bill in time. The store also found that the customer who pays the bill in time has
the probability of 0.8 of paying in time next month and the customer who doesn't pay in time has the probability
of 0.4 of paying in time the next month.
Based on the above information, answer the following questions :
(i) Let E1 and E2 respectively denote the event of customer paying or not paying the first month bill in time.
Find P(E1 ), P(E2 )
(ii) Let A denotes the event of customer paying second month's bill in time, then find P(A ∣ E1 ) and P(A ∣ E2 ).
(iii) Find the probability of customer paying second month's bill in time.
OR
(iii) Find the probability of customer paying first month's bill in time if it is found that customer has paid the
second month's bill in time.