Properties of Solids and Liquids

Question1
Two soap bubbles of radius 2 cm and 4 cm , respectively, are in
contact with each other. The radius of curvature of the common
surface, in cm , is _________.

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 22nd January Morning Shift

Answer: 4

Solution:
To find the radius of curvature of the common surface between two soap bubbles, we use the formula:
r 1 ⋅r 2
r =
r 1 −r 2

Given that r 1 = 2 cm and r 2 = 4 cm, we substitute these values into the formula:

r =
2⋅4

2−4
=
8

−2
= 4 cm

Thus, the radius of curvature of the common surface is 4 cm.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question2
An air bubble of radius 1.0 mm is observed at a depth 20 cm below
the free surface of a liquid having surface tension 0.095 J/m and 2

density 10 kg/m . The difference between pressure inside the

3 3

bubble and atmospheric pressure is __________ N/m . (Take 2

g = 10 m/s )
2
JEE Main 2025 (Online) 23rd January Evening Shift

Answer: 2190

Solution:
To find the difference between the pressure inside the air bubble and the atmospheric pressure, we use the
fact that at depth h in a liquid of density ρ, the external (hydrostatic) pressure exceeds atmospheric by ρgh.
Additionally, for a spherical bubble in a liquid, the internal pressure exceeds the external pressure by , 2T

where T is the surface tension and r is the radius of the bubble.

Hence, the internal pressure of the bubble is

2T
P inside = P atm + ρgh + .
r

Therefore, the difference between the bubble's internal pressure and the atmospheric pressure is
2T
ΔP = P inside − P atm = ρgh + .
r

Substituting the given values:

kg/m
3 3
ρ = 10

m/s
2
g = 10

h = 0.20 m

J/m
2
T = 0.095

r = 1.0 × 10
−3
m

we compute each term:

Hydrostatic term:

ρgh = (10
3
kg/m 3
) ⋅ (10 m/s 2
) ⋅ (0.20 m) = 2000 N/m 2
.

Surface tension term:

J/m 2

N/m
2T 2×0.095 2×0.095 2
= = = 2 × 95 = 190 .
r 1.0×10 m −3
10
−3

Hence,

N/m N/m N/m

2 2 2
ΔP = 2000 + 190 = 2190 .

Thus, the required pressure difference between the inside of the bubble and the atmospheric pressure is

N/m
2
2190 .

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question3
The increase in pressure required to decrease the volume of a water
sample by 0.2% is P × 10 Nm . Bulk modulus of water is 5 −2

2.15 × 10 Nm . The value of P is _________ .

9 −2

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 24th January Evening Shift

Answer: 43

Solution:
The bulk modulus of a material is defined as:
−ΔP
B = ΔV
( )
V

Given:

Bulk Modulus, B = 2.15 × 10 Nm 9 −2

Change in volume percentage, ΔV

V
= 0.2% =
0.2

100
= 0.002

To find the required increase in pressure, ΔP , we rearrange the formula for the bulk modulus:
−ΔP
B = ΔV
−( )
V

Plug in the known values:

9 ΔP
2.15 × 10 =
0.002

Solving for ΔP :
9
ΔP = 2.15 × 10 × 0.002

Nm
6 −2
ΔP = 4.3 × 10

Since the problem specifies ΔP Nm , we have:

5 −2
= P × 10

6 5
4.3 × 10 = P × 10

P = 43

The value of P is therefore 43.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question4
In a measurement, it is asked to find modulus of elasticity per unit
torque applied on the system. The measured quantity has dimension
of [M L T ]. If b = 3, the value of c is _________.
a b c

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 28th January Morning Shift

Answer: 0

Solution:

Given, measured quantity =

M odulus of elasticity

torque

=
σ

ετ
=
F

Aετ
where, σ = stress, ε = strain, τ = torque
F
=
AεF L

So, dimension = 1
2
[L ][L]
(ε is dimensionless)

−3 0 −3 0 a b c
= [L ] = [M L T ] = [M L T ]

⇒ c = 0

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question5
The volume contraction of a solid copper cube of edge length 10 cm ,
when subjected to a hydraulic pressure of 7 × 10 Pa, would be 6

__________ mm . 3

(Given bulk modulus of copper = 1.4 × 10 11

N m
−2
)

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 28th January Evening Shift

Answer: 50

Solution:
To find the volume contraction of the copper cube, we need to use the formula for volumetric strain under
pressure, which involves the bulk modulus (K). The volumetric strain is given by the formula:

Volumetric strain = ΔV

V
= −
P

Where:

ΔV is the change in volume or volume contraction,

V is the original volume of the cube,

P is the hydraulic pressure applied,

K is the bulk modulus of the material.

Given:

Edge length of the cube, a = 10 cm = 0.1 m

Hydraulic pressure, P = 7 × 10
6
Pa

Bulk modulus of copper, K = 1.4 × 10

11
Pa

Calculate the original volume (V ) of the cube:

m) m
3 3 3
V = a = (0.1 = 0.001

Calculate the volumetric strain:

6

Volumetric strain = − P

K
= −
1.4×10
7×10
11
= −5 × 10
−5

Calculate the volume contraction (ΔV ):

Volumetric strain = 0.001 m m

3 −5 −8 3
ΔV = V × × (−5 × 10 ) = −5 × 10

Convert ΔV from cubic meters to cubic millimeters:

1 cubic meter = 10 cubic millimeters. Therefore,

9

m mm /m mm
−8 3 9 3 3 3
ΔV = −5 × 10 × 10 = −50

Thus, the volume contraction of the copper cube, when subjected to the given hydraulic pressure, is 50 mm .
3

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question6
A vessel with square cross-section and height of 6 m is vertically
partitioned. A small window of 100 cm with hinged door is fitted at
2

a depth of 3 m in the partition wall. One part of the vessel is filled

completely with water and the other side is filled with the liquid
having density 1.5 × 10 kg/m . What force one needs to apply on
3 3

the hinged door so that it does not get opened ?

(Acceleration due to gravity = 10 m/s

2
)

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 2nd April Morning Shift

Answer: 150

Solution:

in equilibrium
F ext + F w = F ℓ

⇒ F ext = F ℓ − F w

= (P 0 + ρ ℓ gh)A − (P 0 + ρ w gh)A

= (ρ ℓ − ρ w )ghA

−4
= (1500 − 1000) × 10 × 3 × (100 × 10 )

= 150 m

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question7
A steel wire of length 2 m and Young's modulus 2.0 × 10 N m is 11 −2

stretched by a force. If Poisson ratio and transverse strain for the

wire are 0.2 and 10 respectively, then the elastic potential energy
−3

density of the wire is __________ ×10 (in SI units). 5

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 2nd April Morning Shift

Answer: 25

Solution:

To find the elastic potential energy density of the steel wire, we need to use the given information and
formulae for strain and energy density.

Given:

The length of the wire, ℓ = 2 m

Young's modulus, Y N/m

11 2
= 2.0 × 10

Poisson's ratio, μ = 0.2

Transverse strain, Δr

r
= 10
−3

The formula for Poisson's ratio is:

Δr
( )
r
μ = − Δℓ
( )
ℓ

From this, we solve for the longitudinal strain Δℓ

ℓ
:

Δℓ 1 Δr
= × ( )
ℓ μ r

Substitute the given values:

Δℓ 1 −3 −3
= × 10 = 5 × 10
ℓ 0.2

The elastic potential energy density u is given by:

1 2
u = Yε
2 ℓ

where ε ℓ =
Δℓ

ℓ
. Plug in the values:
2
1 11 −3
u = × 2 × 10 × (5 × 10 )
2

Simplify further:
1 11 −6
u = × 2 × 10 × 25 × 10
2

u = 25 × 10
5
(in SI units)

Thus, the elastic potential energy density of the wire is 25 × 10 SI units. 5

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question8
The length of a light string is 1.4 m when the tension on it is 5 N . If
the tension increases to 7 N , the length of the string is 1.56 m . The
original length of the string is__________m.

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 2nd April Evening Shift

Answer: 1

Solution:
To find the original length of the string, we use the relationship between tension, elasticity constant (K ), and
the change in length of the string.

Given the equation for tension:

T = K(ℓ − ℓ 0 )

where ℓ is the length of the string under tension and ℓ is the original length.
0

When the tension is 5 N, the equation becomes:

5 = K(1.4 − ℓ 0 )

When the tension increases to 7 N, the equation is:

7 = K(1.56 − ℓ 0 )

By setting up a ratio from the two equations, we have:

5 7
=
1.4−ℓ 0 1.56−ℓ 0

Solving this proportion gives us the original length ℓ : 0

ℓ0 = 1 m

Thus, the original length of the string is 1 meter.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question9
The excess pressure inside a soap bubble A in air is half the excess
pressure inside another soap bubble B in air. If the volume of the
bubble A is n times the volume of the bubble B, then, the value of n
is__________.
JEE Main 2025 (Online) 3rd April Evening Shift

Answer: 8

Solution:

The excess pressure inside a soap bubble is determined by the formula:

4 T
ΔP =
R

where ΔP is the excess pressure, T is the surface tension of the soap film, and R is the radius of the bubble.

Given that the excess pressure inside bubble A is half that inside bubble B, we have:
1
ΔP A = ΔP B
2

This implies:
RA ΔP B
= = 2
RB ΔP A

Now, considering the volumes of the bubbles, the relationship between volume and radius for a sphere is
given by:
4 3
V = πR
3

Thus, the ratio of the volumes of bubbles A and B is:

3
VA RA 3
= ( ) = 2 = 8
VB RB

Therefore, the volume of bubble A is n = 8 times the volume of bubble B.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question10
Two slabs with square cross section of different materials (1, 2) with
equal sides (l) and thickness d and d such that d = 2d and l > d
1 2 2 1 2

. Considering lower edges of these slabs are fixed to the floor, we

apply equal shearing force on the narrow faces. The angle of
deformation is θ = 2θ . If the shear moduli of material 1 is
2 1

4 × 10 N/m , then shear moduli of material 2 is x × 10 N/m ,

9 2 9 2

where value of x is ________.

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 4th April Morning Shift

Answer: 1

Solution:
Deformation angle
2θ 1 = θ 2
σ1 σ2
⇒ 2 =
η1 η2

F F
⇒ 2( ) =
ℓd 1 η 1 ℓd 2 η 2
η1 9
⇒ η2 = = 1 × 10 ⇒ x = 1
4

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question11
A cube having a side of 10 cm with unknown mass and 200 gm mass
were hung at two ends of a uniform rigid rod of 27 cm long. The rod
along with masses was placed on a wedge keeping the distance
between wedge point and 200 gm weight as 25 cm. Initially the
masses were not at balance. A beaker is placed beneath the unknown
mass and water is added slowly to it. At given point the masses were
in balance and half volume of the unknown mass was inside the
water.
(Take the density of unknown mass is more than that of the water,
the mass did not absorb water and water density is 1 gm/cm3.)

The unknown mass is _____ kg.

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 8th April Evening Shift

Answer: 3

Solution:

3
Given, volume of block = (10 × 10 −2 −3 3
) = 10 m

Let density of block = ρkg/m 3

mass of block = ρ × 10 −3
kg

Buoyant Force (F
−3
10
B) = 1000 × × 10 = 5 N
2

F.B.D. of blocks

Balancing torque about point O , we get

 −2 −2 −2
mg (2 × 10 ) − F B (2 × 10 ) = 0.2 g (25 × 10 )

−3
ρ × 10 × 10 × 2 − 10 = 50

3
ρ = 3000 kg/m

Hence, mass of block = ρ × 10 −3

−3
= 3000 × 10 = 3 kg

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question12
A sample of a liquid is kept at 1 atm. It is compressed to 5 atm which
leads to a change of volume of 0.8 cm3. If the bulk modulus of the
liquid is 2 GPa, the initial volume of the liquid was _______ litre.

(Take 1 atm = 105 Pa)

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 8th April Evening Shift

Answer: 4

Solution:

Given, Initial pressure of liquid (P ) = 1 atm i

Final pressure of liquid (P f) = 5 atm

Change in pressure (dP) = P f − P i = 4 atm

5
= 4 × 10 Pa

Change in volume (dV) = −0.8 cm 3

Bulk modulus (B) = 2 × 10 9

Pa

Now, B = −dP

(dV /V )
⇒ V = −B (
dV

dP
)

−6
(−0.8 × 10 )
9
⇒ V = −2 × 10 ×
5
4 × 10

= 4 × 10
−3
m
3
= 4 litre

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question13
A small rigid spherical ball of mass M is dropped in a long vertical
tube containing glycerine. The velocity of the ball becomes constant
after some time. If the density of glycerine is half of the density of
the ball, then the viscous force acting on the ball will be (consider g
as acceleration due to gravity)

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 22nd January Evening Shift

Options:

A. 2 Mg

B. 3

2
Mg

C. Mg

D. Mg

Answer: C

Solution:
mg − F B − f = 0
mg
⇒ mg − − f = 0
2
mg
∴ f =
2

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question14

A tube of length L is shown in the figure. The radius of cross section

at the point (1) is 2 cm and at the point (2) is 1 cm , respectively. If
the velocity of water entering at point (1) is 2 m/s, then velocity of
water leaving the point (2) will be

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 22nd January Evening Shift

Options:

A. 4 m/s

B. 6 m/s

C. 2 m/s

D. 8 m/s

Answer: D

Solution:
 2 2
A 1 v 1 = A 2 V 2 ⇒ 2π(2R) = V 2 πR

∴ V 2 = 8 m/s

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question15
Given below are two statements:

Statement I: The hot water flows faster than cold water

Statement II: Soap water has higher surface tension as compared to

fresh water.In the light above statements, choose the correct answer
from the options given below

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 23rd January Morning Shift

Options:

A. Both Statement I and Statement II are false

B. Both Statement I and Statement II are true

C. Statement I is false but Statement II is true

D. Statement I is true but Statement II is false

Answer: D

Solution:
Let's analyze the statements one by one:

Statement I: "The hot water flows faster than cold water."

When water is heated, its viscosity decreases. In simple terms, hot water is "thinner" than cold water.

Lower viscosity means there is less internal friction in the fluid, which allows it to flow more easily and,
consequently, faster under the same conditions.

Therefore, under identical pressure conditions, hot water indeed flows faster than cold water.

This makes Statement I true.

Statement II: "Soap water has higher surface tension as compared to fresh water."

Soap is a surfactant. Surfactants reduce the surface tension of the liquid by interfering with the cohesive
forces between the water molecules.

Fresh (pure) water has a relatively high surface tension (about 72.8 mN/m at room temperature), but when
soap is added, the surface tension is decreased.

Therefore, soap water has lower, not higher, surface tension compared to pure water.

This makes Statement II false.

Based on this analysis, the correct answer is:

Option D: Statement I is true but Statement II is false.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question16
Water flows in a horizontal pipe whose one end is closed with a
valve. The reading of the pressure gauge attached to the pipe is P . 1

The reading of the pressure gauge falls to P when the valve is 2

opened. The speed of water flowing in the pipe is proportional to

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 23rd January Evening Shift

Options:

A. (P
2
1 − P2 )

B. √P 1 − P2

C. P 1 − P2

D. (P 1 − P2 )
4

Answer: B
Solution:
When water flows from a region of higher pressure to a region of lower pressure, the difference in pressure is
converted into kinetic energy of the flowing water. According to Bernoulli's principle for horizontal flow
(where gravitational effects can be ignored), this conversion can be expressed as:
1 2
ρv = P1 − P2
2

Here,

ρ is the density of water,

v is the speed of the water,

P1 is the initial pressure when the valve is closed,

P2 is the pressure after the valve is opened.

By solving for v, we have:

2(P 1 −P 2 )
v = √
ρ

This equation shows that the speed of the water, v, is proportional to the square root of the pressure
difference:

v ∝ √P 1 − P 2

Thus, the correct relationship is given by the square root of the pressure difference.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question17
A massless spring gets elongated by amount x under a tension of 5 1

N . Its elongation is x under the tension of 7 N . For the elongation

2

of (5x − 2x ), the tension in the spring will be,

1 2

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 23rd January Evening Shift

Options:

A. 20 N

B. 39 N

C. 11 N

D. 15 N
Answer: C

Solution:
We can solve this using Hooke's Law, which states:
F = kx,

where:

• F is the force (tension),

• k is the spring constant, and

• x is the extension of the spring.

Follow these steps:

For the first scenario (extension x under 5 N): 1

5
5 = kx 1 ⇒ k = .
x1

For the second scenario (extension x under 7 N): 2

7
7 = kx 2 ⇒ k = .
x2

Equate the two expressions for k:

5 7 x1 5 7
= ⇒ = ⇒ x2 = x1 .
x1 x2 x2 7 5

To find the tension for the extension of (5x 1

, use Hooke's Law again:
− 2x 2 )

Tension, F = k (5x 1 − 2x 2 ).

Substitute k = 5

x1
:

5
F = (5x 1 − 2x 2 ).
x1

Substitute the expression for x : 2

5 7 5 14
F = (5x 1 − 2 ( x 1 )) = (5x 1 − x 1 ).
x1 5 x1 5

Simplify the expression inside the parentheses:

14 25 14 11
5x 1 − x1 = ( − )x 1 = x1 .
5 5 5 5

Now substitute back:

F =
5

x1
⋅
11

5
x 1 = 11 N.

Thus, the tension in the spring for the extension (5x 1 − 2x 2 ) is 11 N.

The correct option is Option C.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question18
The amount of work done to break a big water drop of radius ' R '
into 27 small drops of equal radius is 10 J . The work done required
to break the same big drop into 64 small drops of equal radius will
be

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 24th January Morning Shift

Options:

A. 20 J

B. 10 J

C. 5 J

D. 15 J

Answer: D

Solution:

To solve the problem, we need to compare the increase in surface area when the big drop is split into small
drops.

Step 1: Determine the radius of the small drops

For 27 small drops:

Total volume is conserved:

3
4 3 4 3 3 R R
27 × πr = πR ⟹ r = ⟹ r = .
3 3 27 3

For 64 small drops:

Similarly,
3
4 ′3 4 3 ′3 R ′ R
64 × πr = πR ⟹ r = ⟹ r = .
3 3 64 4

Step 2: Calculate the surface area before and after the break-up

Initial surface area of the big drop:

2
A initial = 4πR .

For 27 drops:
Surface area of one small drop:
2 2
R 4πR
4π( ) = .
3 9

Total surface area:

2
4πR 2 2
A 27 = 27 × = 3 × 4πR = 12πR .
9

Increase in surface area:

2 2 2
ΔA 27 = 12πR − 4πR = 8πR .

For 64 drops:

Surface area of one small drop:

2 2 2
R R πR
4π( ) = 4π = .
4 16 4

Total surface area:

2
πR 2
A 64 = 64 × = 16πR .
4

Increase in surface area:

2 2 2
ΔA 64 = 16πR − 4πR = 12πR .

Step 3: Relate work done to the change in surface area

Since the work done is proportional to the increase in surface area:

Work ∝ ΔA.

We know that breaking into 27 drops requires 10 J corresponding to an increase of 8πR . 2

Thus, if W is the work done,

W 27 = k ⋅ 8πR
2
= 10 J,

where k is the proportionality constant.

For 64 drops:
2
W 64 = k ⋅ 12πR .

Dividing the two equations:

2
W 64 12πR 12 3
= 2
= = .
10 8πR 8 2

Thus,

W 64 = 10 ×
3

2
= 15 J.

Final Answer: 15 J (Option D)

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question19
An air bubble of radius 0.1 cm lies at a depth of 20 cm below the free
surface of a liquid of density 1000 kg/m . If the pressure inside the 3

bubble is 2100 N/m greater than the atmospheric pressure, then

2

the surface tension of the liquid in SI unit is (use g = 10 m/s ) 2

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 24th January Morning Shift

Options:

A. 0.02

B. 0.05

C. 0.25

D. 0.1

Answer: B

Solution:
2S
P bubble = P atm + ρgh +
r

Given that the pressure inside the bubble is P atm N/m and the liquid pressure at a depth of 20 cm is
2
+ 2100

N/m
2
P liquid = P atm + ρgh = P atm + 1000 × 10 × 0.20 = P atm + 2000 ,

the pressure difference due solely to surface tension is

ΔP = (P bombubble − P liquid ) = (P atm + 2100) − (P atm + 2000) = 100 N/m 2

.

The Laplace pressure difference for a bubble (which has one interface) is given by
2S
ΔP = .
r

The given bubble radius is 0.1 cm, which in SI units is

r = 0.1 cm = 0.001 m.

Substituting the known values into the Laplace equation gives

2S
= 100.
0.001

Solving for S :
2S = 100 × 0.001 = 0.1,

S =
0.1

2
= 0.05 N/m.

Thus, the surface tension of the liquid is

0.05 N/m .

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question20
Consider following statements:

A. Surface tension arises due to extra energy of the molecules at the

interior as compared to the molecules at the surface, of a liquid.

B. As the temperature of liquid rises, the coefficient of viscosity

increases.

C. As the temperature of gas increases, the coefficient of viscosity

increases

D. The onset of turbulence is determined by Reynold's number.

E. In a steady flow two stream lines never intersect.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 28th January Morning Shift

Options:

A. B, C, D Only

B. C, D, E Only

C. A, D, E Only

D. A, B, C Only

Answer: B

Solution:

(A) Surface tension arises due to the extra potential energy of the molecules at the surface of a liquid
compared to the molecules in the interior.
(B) When a liquid is heated, the kinetic energy of it molecules increases, causing them to move more freely
and overcome the intermolecular forces that contribute to viscosity, thus lowering it.

(C) Higher temperature in gas means faster moving molecules, resulting in more collisions and therefore an
increase in viscosity.

(D) Reynold's number =

I nertial f orce

V isous f orce

Re =
ρV D

μ
,

v = velocity of flow

D = Diameter of pipe

If, R e < 2000 , flow is laminar flow

2000 < R e < 3000 ⇒ transition region

R e > 3000 ⇒ turbulant flow.

(E) Tangent at a point to the streamline gives the direction of net velocity of the flow. If the two streamlines
intersect each other. It signifies two directions of velocity which cannot be possible. Thus, two streamlines
cannot intersect each other. Hence, option 2 is correct.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question21
In the experiment for measurement of viscosity ' η ' of given liquid
with a ball having radius R, consider following statements.

A. Graph between terminal velocity V and R will be a parabola.

B. The terminal velocities of different diameter balls are constant for

a given liquid.

C. Measurement of terminal velocity is dependent on the

temperature.

D. This experiment can be utilized to assess the density of a given

liquid.

E. If balls are dropped with some initial speed, the value of η will
change.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 28th January Morning Shift
Options:

A. C, D and E Only

B. A, B and E Only

C. A, C and D Only

D. B, D and E Only

Answer: C

Solution:
We know, terminal velocity of a sphere of radius R in a liquid of viscosity η,

.... (1)
2
2 R
v = (σ − ρ)
9 η

where, σ = mass of density of sphere

ρ = density of liquid

we can see, v ∝ R (for constant η, σ & ρ)

2

Hence, graph between v and R is parabola.

As v depends on R so the terminal velocities of different diameter balls will be different.

We know, the viscosity of a liquid usually decreases as the temperature increases and v ∝ 1

So terminal velocity depends on the temperature. T ↑⇒ η ↓⇒ v ↑

As the equation v = involves density of liquid ρ. So the experiment can be utilized to asses it.
2
2 R
(σ − ρ)
9 v

From (1), η = 2

9
R

v
(σ − ρ)

Here, η does not depend on initial speed of the sphere. Hence, option 3 is correct.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question22
A 400 g solid cube having an edge of length 10 cm floats in water.
How much volume of the cube is outside the water?
(Given: density of water = 1000 kg m-3)

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 28th January Evening Shift

Options:

A.

400 cm3

B.

600 cm3

C.

1400 cm3

D.

4000 cm3

Answer: B

Solution:
−3 3
Mg = F B ⇒ (400 × 10 ) = 10 × Vd

−6 3
V d = 400 × 10 m
3
( Vol. ) outside = (10 × 10
−2
) − 400 × 10
−6

−6 2 3
= 600 × 10 m = 600 cm

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question23
The fractional compression ( ) of water at the depth of 2.5 km
ΔV

below the sea level is __________ %. Given, the Bulk modulus of

water = 2 × 10 N m , density of water = 10 kg m , acceleration
9 −2 3 −3

due to gravity g = 10 m s . −2
JEE Main 2025 (Online) 29th January Morning Shift
Options:

A.
1.0

B.
1.25

C.
1.75

D.
1.5

Answer: B

Solution:

The fractional compression ( ΔV

V
) of water at a depth of 2.5 km below sea level is calculated as follows:

Given:

Bulk modulus of water, B = 2 × 10 N/m 9 2

Density of water, ρ = 10 kg/m 3 3

Acceleration due to gravity, g = 10 m/s 2

The relationship between pressure change and volume change using the bulk modulus is given by:
ρgh
B = ΔV
( )
V

Rearranging the formula to solve for the fractional compression:

ΔV ρgh
× 100 = × 100
V B

Substituting in the given values:

3
1000×10×2.5×10
9
× 100%
2×10

Calculating the result gives:

= 1.25%

Thus, the fractional compression of water at this depth is 1.25%.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question24
Two water drops each of radius ' r ' coalesce to form a bigger drop.
If ' T ' is the surface tension, the surface energy released in this
process is :

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 2nd April Evening Shift

Options:

A. 4πr 2
T [2 − 2
1/3
]

B. 4πr 2
T[1 + √ 2]

C. 4πr 2
T [2 − 2
2/3
]

D. 4πr 2
T[√ 2 − 1]

Answer: C

Solution:
To determine the surface energy released when two identical water drops coalesce to form a larger drop, let's
go through the process step by step:

Volume Conservation:

When two droplets, each with a radius R, merge to form a larger droplet, the total volume is conserved.
Therefore:
4 3 4 3
2 × πR = πr
3 3

Solving for r, the radius of the larger drop, we find:

1/3
r = 2 R

Initial Surface Energy (U ): i

The initial surface energy of the two smaller droplets is given by the surface area of each multiplied by the
surface tension T :
2
U i = 2 × 4πR T

Final Surface Energy (U ): f

The surface energy of the larger droplet is given by:

2 2 2/3
U f = 4πr T = 4πR T (2 )

Energy Released:
The energy released in the process is the difference between the initial and final surface energy:

Heat lost = U i
2
− U f = 4πR T [2 − 2
2/3
]

This expression gives us the amount of surface energy that is released when two identical water drops
combine to form a single larger drop.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question25
Consider a completely full cylindrical water tank of height 1.6 m
and of cross-sectional area 0.5 m . It has a small hole in its side at a
2

height 90 cm from the bottom. Assume, the crosssectional area of the

hole to be negligibly small as compared to that of the water tank. If a
load 50 kg is applied at the top surface of the water in the tank then
the velocity of the water coming out at the instant when the hole is
opened is:
2
(g = 10 m/s )

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 3rd April Morning Shift

Options:

A. 2 m/s

B. 5 m/s

C. 3 m/s

D. 4 m/s

Answer: D

Solution:
Apply Bernouli equation between points 1 & 2
1 2
1 2
P1 + ρv 1 + ρgh = P 2 + ρv 2 + 0
2 2
mg 70 1 2
P0 + + ρg = P0 + ρv 2
A 100 2
5000 3
70 1 3 2
+ 10 × 10 = × 10 v 2
0.5 100 2
3
3 3
10 2
10 + 10 × 7 = v2
2
2
v 2 = 16

v 2 = 4 m/s

As the tank area is large v is negligible compared to v

1 2

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question26
A solid steel ball of diameter 3.6 mm acquired terminal velocity
m/s while falling under gravity through an oil of
−2
2.45 × 10

density 925 kg m . Take density of steel as 7825 kg m and g as

−3 −3

9.8 m/s . The viscosity of the oil in SI unit is

2

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 3rd April Evening Shift

Options:

A. 2.18

B. 1.68
C. 2.38

D. 1.99

Answer: D

Solution:
To determine the viscosity of the oil, we use the formula for the terminal velocity of a sphere falling through
a viscous fluid:
2
(ρ s −ρ f )r g
2
vT =
9 η

Where:

vT is the terminal velocity,

ρs is the density of the steel ball,

ρf is the density of the fluid,

r is the radius of the ball,

g is the acceleration due to gravity,

η is the viscosity of the fluid.

Given:

Diameter of the steel ball = 3.6 mm, therefore radius r = 1.8 mm = 1.8 × 10 −3
m,

Terminal velocity v T
= 2.45 × 10
−2
m/s,

Density of oil ρ f = 925 kg/m , 3

Density of steel ρ s = 7825 kg/m , 3

Acceleration due to gravity g = 9.8 m/s . 2

Rearranging the formula to solve for η:

2
(ρ s −ρ f )⋅r ⋅g
2
η = ⋅
9 vT

Substituting the known values into the equation:

−3 2
2 (7825−925)⋅(1.8×10 ) ⋅9.8
η = ⋅ −2
9 2.45×10

Calculating this, we approximate the viscosity η to be:

η ≈ 1.99 Pa ⋅ s

Thus, the viscosity of the oil is approximately 1.99 Pa·s.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question27
Two cylindrical vessels of equal cross sectional area of 2 m contain 2

water upto heights 10 m and 6 m , respectively. If the vessels are

connected at their bottom then the work done by the force of gravity
is(Density of water is 10 kg/m and g = 10 m/s ) 3 3 2

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 3rd April Evening Shift

Options:

A. 1 × 10 5
J

B. 4 × 10 4
J

C. 8 × 10 4
J

D. 6 × 10 4
J

Answer: C

Solution:

First, when the two vessels are connected, the water levels equalize at

H =
H 1 +H 2

2
=
10+6

2
= 8 m.

We can get the work done by gravity from the loss of gravitational potential energy:

Initial potential energy (taking the bottom as zero)

For a column of height H and cross-section A,

2
H ρgAH
U = ρgA ∫ z dz = .
0 2

So
3

J.
ρgA 2 2 10 ⋅10⋅2 2 2 4 6
Ui = (H + H ) = (10 + 6 ) = 10 (100 + 36) = 1.36 × 10
2 1 2 2

Final potential energy (both at height 8 m)

2

J.
ρgAH 3 6
2
Uf = 2 = ρgA (8 ) = 10 ⋅ 10 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 64 = 1.28 × 10
2
H =8

Work done by gravity = drop in potential energy

W = U i − U f = 1.36 × 10
6
− 1.28 × 10
6
= 0.08 × 10
6
= 8 × 10
4
J.

Answer: 8×10^4 J (Option C).

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question28
Two liquids A and B have θ and θ as contact angles in a capillary
A B

tube. If K = cos θ / cos θ , then identify the correct statement:

A B

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 4th April Morning Shift

Options:

A. K is negative, then liquid A and liquid B have convex meniscus.

B. K is negative, then liquid A and liquid B have concave meniscus.

C. K is zero, then liquid A has convex meniscus and liquid B has concave meniscus.

D. K is negative, then liquid A has concave meniscus and liquid B has convex
meniscus.

Answer: D

Solution:
The contact angle, θ, of a liquid in a capillary tube determines its meniscus shape:

If θ < 90 , then cos θ > 0 and the liquid wets the tube, giving a concave meniscus.
∘

If θ > 90 , then cos θ < 0 and the liquid is non-wetting, resulting in a convex meniscus.
∘

If θ = 90 , then cos θ = 0 and the meniscus is essentially flat.

∘

We are given the ratio:

cos θ A
K = .
cos θ B

For K to be negative:

The numerator and denominator must have opposite signs.

This means one of the liquids has cos θ > 0 (concave meniscus) and the other has cos θ < 0 (convex
meniscus).

Consider Option D:

It states that if K is negative, then liquid A has a concave meniscus (so θ A

< 90
∘
, cos θ A
) and liquid B
> 0

has a convex meniscus (so θ > 90 , cos θ < 0).

B
∘
B
Hence, the ratio becomes negative:
(+)
K = < 0.
(−)

Therefore, the correct statement is:

Option D

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question29
A cylindrical rod of length 1 m and radius 4 cm is mounted
vertically. It is subjected to a shear force of 10 N at the top. 5

Considering infinitesimally small displacement in the upper edge,

the angular displacement θ of the rod axis from its original position
would be : (shear moduli, G = 10 N/m ) 10 2

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 4th April Evening Shift

Options:

A. 1/160π

B. 1/2π

C. 1/4π

D. 1/40π

Answer: A

Solution:
 σ shear
Shear moduli =
θ
5
10
10 1
10 = ×
−4
π × 16 × 10 θ

1
θ = Radian
160π

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question30
Two wires A and B are made of same material having ratio of
lengths = and their diameters ratio
LA

LB
1

3
= 2. If both the wires
dA

dB

are stretched using same force, what would be the ratio of their
respective elongations?

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 7th April Morning Shift

Options:

A. 3 : 4

B. 1 : 12

C. 1 : 3

D. 1 : 6

Answer: B

Solution:
Given:

The ratio of lengths: LA

LB
=
1

The ratio of diameters: dA

dB
= 2

Both wires are subject to the same stretching force, and since they are made of the same material, their
Young's modulus (Y ) is the same.

The elongation (ΔL) of a wire subject to a force is given by:

F ⋅L
ΔL =
A⋅Y

where F is the force applied, L is the original length, A is the cross-sectional area, and Y is Young's
modulus.

For wires A and B:

F A ⋅L A
ΔL A =
A A ⋅Y A

F B ⋅L B
ΔL B =
A B ⋅Y B

Since F A
= FB and Y A
= YB , the ratio of their elongations becomes:
ΔL A L A ⋅A B
=
ΔL B L B ⋅A A

The cross-sectional area A is a function of diameter, A = π

4
d
2
. Therefore,

AA =
π

4
d
2
A
and AB =
π

4
d
2
B

Substituting these into the elongation ratio:

π 2 2
ΔL A LA d LA dB
4 B
= ( )( π 2 ) = ( )( )
ΔL B LB d LB dA
4 A

Substitute the given ratios:

ΔL A 2
1 1 1 1 1
= ( )( ) = ( )( ) =
ΔL B 3 2 3 4 12

Thus, the ratio of the elongations of wires A and B is 1

12
.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question31
A capillary tube of radius 0.1 mm is partly dipped in water (surface
tension 70 dyn/cm and glass water contact angle ≈ 0°) with 30°
inclined with the vertical. The length of water risen in the capillary
is _______ cm. (Take g = 9.8 m/s ) 2
JEE Main 2025 (Online) 7th April Evening Shift
Options:

A.
82
5

B.
68

C.
57

D.
71

Answer: A

Solution:
 2 T cos θ 2 × 70 × 1
h = =
−2
ρgr 1 × 980 × 10

100
h = cm
7

∘
h
sin 60 =
ℓ
h × 2
ℓ =
√3

100 2
ℓ = ×
7 √3

200
=
7 × √3

= 16.49 cm

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question32
A 3 m long wire of radius 3 mm shows an extension of 0.1 mm when
loaded vertically by a mass of 50 kg in an experiment to determine
Young's modulus. The value of Young's modulus of the wire as per
this experiment is P × 10 Nm , where the value of P is: (Take
11 −2

g = 3π m/s )
2

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 8th April Evening Shift

Options:

A.
2.5

B.
25

C.
10

D.
5

Answer: D
Solution:
Let’s break down the solution step by step:

First, note the given values:

Length of the wire, L = 3 m

Radius of the wire, r = 3 mm = 3 × 10 −3

m

Extension of the wire, ΔL = 0.1 mm = 1 × 10 −4

m

Mass attached, m = 50 kg

Acceleration due to gravity, g = 3π m/s 2

The force (weight) acting on the wire is:

F = mg = 50 × 3π = 150π N

Next, calculate the cross-sectional area, A, of the wire:

A = πr
2
= π(3 × 10
−3
)
2
= π × 9 × 10
−6
= 9π × 10
−6
m 2

Young’s modulus, E, is given by:

FL
E =
AΔL

Substitute the values into the formula:

(150π)×3
E = −6 −4
(9π×10 )×(1×10 )

Simplify step by step:

Multiply in the numerator:

150π × 3 = 450π

Multiply in the denominator:

−6 −4 −10
9π × 10 × 1 × 10 = 9π × 10

Cancel the common factor π in the numerator and denominator:

450
E = −10
9×10

Divide 450 by 9:

Nm
450 1 10 11 −2
E = × −10
= 50 × 10 = 5 × 10
9 10

The problem states that Young's modulus can be expressed as P × 10

11
Nm
−2
. Here we have:

P = 5

Thus, the correct option is:

Option D (5).
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question33
A Spherical ball of radius 1 mm and density 10.5g ∕ cc is dropped in
glycerine of coefficient of viscosity 9.8 poise and density 1.5g ∕ cc.
Viscous force on the ball when it attains constant velocity is
−x
3696 × 10 N. The value of x is
(Given, g = 9.8m ∕ s2 and π = 227 )
[24-Jan-2023 Shift 2]

Answer: 7

Solution:

Solution:
When the ball attain terminal velocity
Fv = (mg − FB)(∵a = 0)
= Vσbg − Vρℓg
= Vg(σb − ρℓ)
= 4 π(10−3)3 × 9.8(10.5 − 1.5) × 103
3
= 3696 × 10−7N
So, x = 7

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question34
A spherical drop of liquid splits into 1000 identical spherical drops.
If ui is the surface energy of the original drop and uf is the total
surface energy of the resulting drops, the (ignoring evaporation).
uf
ui
= ( ) . Then value of x is _______:
10
x
[25-Jan-2023 Shift 2]
Answer: 1

Solution:
Solution:
Surface Tension = T
R : Radius of bigger drop
r : Radius of smaller drop
Volume will remain same
4 3 4
πR = 1000× πr3
3 3
R = 10r
ui = T ⋅ 4πR2
uf = T ⋅ 4πr2 × 1000
uf 1000r2
=
ui R2
uf 10
=
ui 1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question35
−2 −1
Surface tension of a soap bubble is 2.0 × 10 Nm .
Work done to increase the radius of soap bubble
from 3.5 cm to 7 cm will be : [Take π = 22
7
]
[29-Jan-2023 Shift 1]
Options:

A. 0.72 × 10−4J

B. 5.76 × 10−4J

C. 18.48 × 10−4J

D. 9.24 × 10−4J

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
2
Surface area of soap bubble = 2 × 4πR
Work done = change in surface energy ×TS
= TS × 8π × (R22 − R12)
= 2 × 10−2 × 8× 22 × 49× 3 × 10−4
7 4
−4
= 18.48 × 10 J

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question36
A fully loaded boeing aircraft has a mass of 5.4 × 105 kg. Its total
wing area is 500m2. It is in level flight with a speed of 1080 km ∕ h. If
the density of air ρ is 1.2 kg m−3, the fractional increase in the speed
of the air on the upper surface of the wing relative to the lower
surface in percentage will be (g = 10m ∕ s2)
[29-Jan-2023 Shift 2]
Options:

A. 16

B. 6

C. 8

D. 10

Answer: D

Solution:
Solution:
P2A − P1A = 5.4 × 105 × g
5.4 × 106
P2 − P1 = = 5.4 × 2 × 102 × 10
500
P2 + 0 + ρV22 = P1 + 0 + 1 ρV12
1
2 2
1 2 2 1
P2 − P1 = ρ(V1 − V2 ) = ρ(V1 − V2)(V1 + V2)
2 2
3 1 2
10.8 × 10 = × 1.2(V1 − V2) × 2 × 3 × 10
2
10.8 × 10 = 3.6(V1 − V2)
V1 − V2 = 30

( V V− V ) × 100 = 300
1 2 30 × 100 = 10%

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question37
A metal block of base area 0.20m2 is placed on a table, as shown in
figure. A liquid film of thickness 0.25 mm is inserted between the
block and the table. The block is pushed by a horizontal force of
0.1N and moves with a constant speed. If the viscosity of the liquid is
−3 −3
5.0 × 10 Pl, the speed of block is ______ ×10 m ∕ s.

[29-Jan-2023 Shift 2]

Answer: 25

Solution:

Solution:

|
| F = ηA
∆v
∆h
−3
: 0.1 = 5 × 10 × 0.2×
v
.25 × 10−3
−3
v = 0.025m ∕ s or v = 25 × 10 m ∕ s

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question38
The height of liquid column raised in a capillary tube of certain
radius when dipped in liquid A vertically is, 5 cm. If the tube is
dipped in a similar manner in another liquid B of surface tension
and density double the values of liquid A, the height of liquid
column raised in liquid B would be _______ m.
[30-Jan-2023 Shift 1]
Options:
A. 0.20

B. 0.5

C. 0.05

D. 0.10

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
h = 2S cos θ
rρg
h S ρ
∴ 1 = 1 2
h2 S 2 ρ1
5
h2
= [ ][ ]
1
2
2
1
⇒ h2 = 5 cm = 0.05m

\{Info about angle of contact not there so most appropriate is 3}

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question39
If 1000 droplets of water of surface tension 0.07N ∕ m. having same
radius 1 mm each, combine to from a single drop. In the process the
released surface energy is-
( . Take π = 22
7 )
[31-Jan-2023 Shift 1]
Options:

A. 7.92 × 10−6J

B. 7.92 × 10−4J

C. 9.68 × 10−4J

D. 8.8 × 10−5J

Answer: B

Solution:
Solution:
1000× 4π (1)3 = 4π R3
3 3
R = 10 mm
T × 1000 × 4π(10−3)2 − T × 4π(10 × 10−3)2 = ∆E
−2 −6
∆ E = 4 × π × 7 × 10 [1000 − 100] × 10
∆ E = 7.92 × 10−4J
Option 2.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question40
−4
A 100m long wire having cross-sectional area 6.25 ×10 m2 and
−2
Young's modulus is 1010Nm is subjected to a load of 250N, then the
elongation in the wire will be :
[24-Jan-2023 Shift 1]
Options:

A. 6.25 × 10−3m

B. 4 × 10−4m

C. 6.25 × 10−6m

D. 4 × 10−3m

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
Fℓ
Elongation in wire δ =
AY
δ= 250 × 100
6.25 × 10−4 × 1010
δ = 4 × 10−3m

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question41
Given below are two statements: one is labelled as
Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R
Assertion A: Steel is used in the construction of buildings and
bridges.
Reason R: Steel is more elastic and its elastic limit is high.
In the light of above statements, choose the most appropriate answer
from the options given below
[24-Jan-2023 Shift 2]
Options:

A. Both A and R are correct but R is NOT the correct explanation of A

B. A is not correct but R is correct

C. Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A

D. A is correct but R is not correct

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
Concept based

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question42
As shown in the figure, in an experiment to determine Young's
modulus of a wire, the extension-load curve is plotted. The curve is a
straight line passing through the origin and makes an angle of 45∘
with the load axis. The length of wire is 62.8 cm and its diameter is 4
mm. The Young's modulus is found to be x× 104Nm−2.
The value of x is _______.

[25-Jan-2023 Shift 1]
Answer: 5

Solution:

Solution:

From graph:
F = ∆L
Y = FL
A∆L
L
Y=
A
62.8 × 10−2
Y=
π(2 × 10−3)2
Y = 5 × 104N ∕ m2

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question43
An electric bulb is rated as 200W. What will be the peak magnetic
field at 4m distance produced by the radiations coming from this
bulb? Consider this bulb as a point source with 3.5% efficiency.
[24-Jun-2022-Shift-2]
Options:

A. 1.19 × 10−8T

B. 1.71 × 10−8T

C. 0.84 × 10−8T

D. 3.36 × 10−8T
Answer: B

Solution:
Solution:
1 3.5 B02
200× × = C
4π × 16 100 2µ0
µ0 = 4π × 10−7 Tm ∕ A
C = 3 × 108m ∕ sec
⇒B0 = 1.71 × 10− 8T

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question44
Choose the correct relationship between Poisson ratio (σ). bulk
modulus (K) and modulus of rigidity (η) of a given solid object:
[30-Jan-2023 Shift 1]
Options:

A. σ = 3K − 2η
6K + 2η

B. σ = 6K + 2η
3K − 2η

C. σ = 3K + 2η
6K + 2η

D. σ = 6K − 2η
3K − 2η

Answer: A

Solution:
Solution:
Y = 3η(1 + σ)
Y = 3K (1 − σ)
⇒ 2η(1 + σ) = 3K (1 − 2σ)

(
⇒ σ = 3K − 2η
6K + 2η )
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question45
A force is applied to a steel wire ' A ', rigidly clamped at one end. As
a result elongation in the wire is 0.2 mm. If same force is applied to
another steel wire ' B ' of double the length and a diameter 2.4 times
that of the wire ' A ', the elongation in the wire ' B ' will be (wires
having uniform circular cross sections)
[30-Jan-2023 Shift 2]
Options:

A. 6.06 × 10−2 mm

B. 2.77 × 10−2 mm

C. 3.0 × 10−2 mm

D. 6.9 × 10−2 mm

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
Y= F∕A
∆ℓ
ℓ
⇒ F = YA ∆ ℓ
ℓ

(A∆ℓ
ℓ ) (
1
=
A∆ℓ
ℓ 2
)
∆ℓ2 A1 ℓ2
⇒ = ×
∆ℓ1 A2 ℓ1
∆ℓ2 1
⇒ = ×2
0.2 2.4 × 2.4 1
−2
⇒ ∆ ℓ2 = 6.9 × 10 mm

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question46
A thin rod having a length of 1m and area of cross-section 3 × 10−6m2
is suspended vertically from one end. The rod is cooled from 210∘ C
to 160∘ C. After cooling, a mass M is attached at the lower end of the
rod such that the length of rod again becomes 1m. Young's modulus
and coefficient of linear expansion of the rod are 2 × 1011Nm−2 and
2 × 10−5K−1, respectively. The value of M is _______ kg. (Take
−2
g = 10m s )
[31-Jan-2023 Shift 1]

Answer: 60

Solution:

Solution:
If ∆ℓ is decease in length of rod due to decease in temperature

∆ ℓ = ℓα ∆ T
−5 −1
α = 2 × 10 K , ∆T = (210 − 160)
= 50K
∆ ℓ = 1 × 2 × 10−5 × 50 = 10−3m
Young Modulus = Y = F ∕ A A = 3 × 10−6m2
∆ℓ ∕ ℓ
−6
Mg ∕ 3 × 10
2 × 1011 =
10−3 ∕ 1
−9 −2
Mg = 2 × 1011 × 3 × 10 = 6 × 10
M = 60 kg

Ans is 60 .

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question47
−2
For a solid rod, the Young's modulus of elasticity is 3.2 × 1011Nm
−3
and density is 8 × 103 kg m . The velocity of longitudinal wave in the
rod will be.
[31-Jan-2023 Shift 2]
Options:

A. 145.75 × 103ms−1

B. 3.65 × 103ms−1

C. 18.96 × 103ms−1

D. 6.32 × 103ms−1

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:

v = √ Y
ρ
=
√ 3.2 × 1011
8 × 103
= √ 0.4 × 108
= √ 40 × 106
= 6.32 × 103m ∕ s

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question48
Under the same load, wire A having length 5.0m and cross section
2.5 × 10−5m2 stretches uniformly by the same amount as another
wire B of length 6.0m and a cross section of 3.0 × 10−5m2 stretches.
The ratio of the Young's modulus of wire A to that of wire B will be:
[31-Jan-2023 Shift 2]
Options:

A. 1 : 4

B. 1 : 1

C. 1 : 10

D. 1 : 2

Answer: B
Solution:
Solution:
∆ℓ = F ℓ
SY
F is same for both wire and ∆ℓ is also same
∆ℓ = ℓ
F SY
ℓA ℓB
⇒ =
S A Y A S BY B
⇒ 5 = 6
2.5 × Y A 3 × Y B
Y
⇒ A=1
YB

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question49
A hole is drilled in a metal sheet. At 27∘ C, the diameter of hole is
5 cm. When the sheet is heated to 177∘ C, the change in the diameter
−3
of hole is d× 10 cm. The value of d will be __________if coefficient
−5
of linear expansion of the metal is 1.6× 10 ∕ ∘ C.
[24-Jan-2023 Shift 1]

Answer: 12

Solution:

Solution:
d0 at 27∘C&d1 at 177∘C
d1 = d0(1 + α ∆ T)
d1 − d0 = 5 × 1.6 × 10−5 × 150 cm
= 12 × 10−3 cm

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question50
A faulty thermometer reads 5∘ C in melting ice and 95∘ C in steam.
The correct temperature on absolute scale will be ________ . K
when the faulty thermometer reads 41∘ C.
[30-Jan-2023 Shift 2]

Answer: 313

Solution:
Solution:
41∘ − 5∘ = C − 0∘
95∘ − 5∘ 100∘ − 0∘
⇒ C = 36 × 100 = 40∘C = 313K
90

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question51
A water heater of power 2000W is used to heat water. The specific
−1 −1
heat capacity of water is 4200J kg K . The efficiency of heater is
70%. Time required to heat 2 kg of water from 10∘ C to 60∘ C is
_______ s.
(Assume that the specific heat capacity of water remains constant
over the temperature range of the water).
[31-Jan-2023 Shift 2]

Answer: 300

Solution:

Solution:
The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a substance can be calculated as:
Q = m × c× ∆ T
where Q is the heat energy required, m is the mass of the substance, c is its specific heat capacity,
and ∆T is the change in temperature.
The time required to heat a substance can be calculated as :
Q
t=
P
where t is the time required, and P is the power of the heating device.
The actual power output of the heating device can be calculated as:
P actual = P input × efficiency
where P−input is the input power to the device and efficiency is the fraction of input power that is
actually converted to useful power output.
Substituting the given values:
Q = 2 kg × 4200J ∕ kg ∕ K × (60 − 10) = 2 kg × 4200J ∕ kg ∕ K × 50K = 4200 × 50 × 2J = 420, 000J
P input = 2000W = 2000J ∕ s
P actual = 2000 × 0.7 = 1400J ∕ s
Q = 420, 000 J ∕ s = 300 s
t=
P actual 1400
So, the time required to heat 2 kg of water from 10∘C to 60∘C is approximately 300 s.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question52
A mercury drop of radius 10−3m is broken into 125 equal size
droplets. Surface tension of mercury is 0.45Nm−1. The gain in
surface energy is:
[1-Feb-2023 Shift 1]
Options:

A. 2.26 × 10−5J

B. 28 × 10−5J

C. 17.5 × 10−5J

D. 5 × 10−5J

Answer: A

Solution:
Solution:
Sol. Initial surface energy = 0.45 × 4π(10−3)2
4 π(10−3)3 = 125× 4π R 3
new
3 3
−3
∴ 10 = 5R new
−3
∴ R new = 10 m
5
 ( )
−3 2
So, final surface energy = 0.45 × 125 × 4π 10
5
Increase in energy = 0.45 × 4π × (10−3)2 [ 125 − 1
25 ]
= 4 × 0.45 × 4π × 10−6
= 2.26 × 10−5J

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question53
The surface of water in a water tank of cross section area 750cm2 on
the top of a house is hm. above the tap level. The speed of water
coming out through the tap of cross section area 500mm2 is
30 cm ∕ s. At that instant, dd ht is x × 10−3m ∕ s. The value of x will be
_______.
[1-Feb-2023 Shift 2]

Answer: 2

Solution:
Solution:
A1V1 = A2V2
−4 −6
750 × 10 V1 = 500 × 10 × 0.3
500 × 3 × 10−3
V1 = m∕ s
750
= 2 × 10−3m ∕ s
dh = −2 × 10−3 ∕
m s
dt

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question54
A certain pressure ′P′ is applied to 1 litre of water and 2 litre of a
liquid separately. Water gets compressed to 0.01% whereas the
liquid gets compressed to 0.03%. The ratio of Bulk modulus of water
to that of the liquid is 3x . The value of x is _______.
[1-Feb-2023 Shift 1]

Answer: 1

Solution:
Solution:
−∆P
B water = = −∆P
(∆V
V )
0.01
100
B liquid = −∆P
0.03
100
B water
=3
B liquid
x=1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question55
The Young's modulus of a steel wire of length 6m and cross-sectional
area 3mm2, is 2 × 1111N ∕ m2. The wire is suspended from its support
on a given planet. A block of mass 4 kg is attached to the free end of
the wire. The acceleration due to gravity on the planet is 14 of its
value on the earth. The elongation of wire is (Take g on the earth
= 10 m ∕ s2 )
[1-Feb-2023 Shift 2]
Options:

A. 1 cm

B. 1 mm

C. 0.1 mm

D. 0.1 cm
Answer: C

Solution:
Solution:
Tension (F ) = mg
10
= 4× = 10N
4
∆ L = FL
AY
= 10 × 6
3 × 10−6 × 2 × 1011
= 10−4m = 0.1 mm

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question56
A small ball of mass M and density ρ is dropped in a viscous liquid
of density ρ0. After some time, the ball falls with a constant velocity.
What is the viscous force on the ball?
[6-Apr-2023 shift 1]
Options:

A. F = M g 1 + ρ0 ( ρ
)
B. F = M g 1 + ρ ( ρ0 )
C. F = M g 1 − ρ0( ρ
)
D. F = Mg(1 ± ρρ0)

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
At terminal velocity, net force on the ball is Zero.

Mg=f +B
⇒ Mg=f +V ρog .. . (i)
ball
M
Volume of ball =
ρ
From eq (i),
M g = f + M ρo g
ρ
⇒ f = M g − M ρo g
ρ

⇒ f =Mg 1− o ( ρ
ρ )
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question57
Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion A and
the other is labelled as Reason R
Assertion A : When you squeeze one end of a tube to get toothpaste
out from the other end. Pascal's principle is observed.
Reason R : A change in the pressure applied to an enclosed
incompressible fluid is transmitted undiminished to every portion of
the fluid and to the walls of its container.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate
answer from the options given below
[6-Apr-2023 shift 2]
Options:

A. A is correct but R is not correct

B. Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A

C. A is not correct but R is correct

D. Both A and R are correct but R is NOT the correct explanation of A

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
As per pascal's law, when we apply pressure to an ideal liquid it is equally distributed in the entire
liquid and to the walls as well.
Since due to applied pressure, every morning, the tooth paste does not get compressed and we
can safely consider it on incompressible liquid.
Therefore both statements are true and R is correct explanation of A.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question58
An air bubble of volume 1cm3 rises from the bottom of a lake 40m
deep to the surface at a temperature of 12∘ C. The atmospheric
pressure is 1 × 105 Pa, the density of water is 1000 kg ∕ m3 and
g = 10m ∕ s2. There is no difference of the temperature of water at
the depth of 40m and on the surface. The volume of air bubble when
it reaches the surface will be:
[8-Apr-2023 shift 1]
Options:
3
A. 3cm

B. 4cm3

C. 2cm3

D. 5cm3

Answer: D
Solution:

Solution:
Pressure at surface = Patm = 1 × 105 Pa
v surface = ?
Pressure at h = 40m depth
P = Patm + ρ gh
P = 105 + 103 × 10 × 40
P = 5 × 105 Pa
V = 1cm3
Temp. is constant
P1V1 = P2V2
105 × v = 5 × 105 × 1
v = 5cm3

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question59
A hydraulic automobile lift is designed to lift vehicles of mass
5000 kg. The area of cross section of the cylinder carrying the load is
250cm2. The maximum pressure the smaller piston would have to
bear is [Assume g = 10m ∕ s2 ] :
[8-Apr-2023 shift 2]
Options:

A. 2 × 10+5 Pa

B. 20 × 10+6 Pa

C. 200 × 10+6 Pa

D. 2 × 10+6 Pa

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
From pascal law same ∆P transmitted through out liquid
∆ P = F = 5000 × 10
A 250 × 10−4
= 2 × 106 Pa

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question60
Given below are two statements :
Statements I : Pressure in a reservoir of water is same at all points at
the same level of water.
Statements II : The pressure applied to enclosed water is
transmitted in all directions equally.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from
the options given below :
[10-Apr-2023 shift 1]
Options:

A. Both Statements I and Statements II are false

B. Both Statements I and Statements II are true

C. Statements I is true but Statements II is false

D. Statements I is false but Statements II is true

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
Both Statements I and Statements II are true
By Theory
By Pascal law, pressure is equally transmitted to in enclosed water in all direction.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question61
Figure below shows a liquid being pushed out of the tube by a piston
having area of cross section 2.0cm2. The area of cross section at the
outlet is 10mm2. If the piston is pushed at a speed of 4 cm s−1, the
speed of outgoing fluid is _______ cm s−1

[10-Apr-2023 shift 2]

Answer: 80

Solution:

Solution:
By equation of continuity
A1V1 = A2V2
(2cm2)(4 cm ∕ s) = (10 × 10−2cm2)(v)
8cm3 −1
= 10 cm2(v)
s
V = 80 cm ∕ s

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question62
Eight equal drops of water are falling through air with a steady
speed of 10 cm ∕ s. If the drops collapse, the new velocity is :-
[11-Apr-2023 shift 2]
Options:

A. 10 cm ∕ s

B. 40 cm ∕ s
C. 16 cm ∕ s

D. 5 cm ∕ s

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
4 4
8× πr3 = πR3
3 3
R = 2r
2r2
V = (ρ − ρ )
9η b air
V ∝ r2
V1
V2
= ( )
r 2
R

−1
V2 = V1 × 4 = 10 × 4 = 40 km ∕ s

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question63
The surface tension of soap solution is 3.5 × 10−2Nm−1. The amount
of work done required to increase the radius of soap bubble from
10 cm to 20 cm is ________ ×10−4J. (take π = 22 ∕ 7 )
[11-Apr-2023 shift 2]

Answer: 264

Solution:
Solution:
W = ∆U
W = 25 × (Af − Ai)
= 2 × 5 × 4π(rf2 − ri2)
−2 22 −4
= 2 × 3.5 × 10 × 4× × 10 (300)
7
= 264 × 10−4J

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question64
64 identical drops each charged upto potential of 10 mV are
combined to form a bigger drop. The potential of the bigger drop
will be _______ mV.
[12-Apr-2023 shift 1]

Answer: 160

Solution:
Solution:
kq , q′ =
We know V = 64q
r
Voulme remain const so
4 πr3 × = 4 πR3
64
3 3
R = 4r
′ K64q = 16 kq
Now new potential V =
4r r
V′ = 16 . V and V = Kq = 10 mV
r
′ −3
V = 16 × 10 × 10
V′ = 0.16V
OR V ′ = 160 mV

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question65
Glycerin of density 1.25 × 103 kg m− 3 is flowing through the conical
section of pipe. The area of cross-section of the pipe at its ends are
10cm2 and 5cm2 and pressure drop across its length is 3Nm−2. The
 −5 −1
rate of flow of glycerin through the pipe is x × 10 m3 s . The value
of x is _______.
[12-Apr-2023 shift 1]

Answer: 4

Solution:

Solution:
A1 = 10cm2

∆P = P1 − P2 = 3N ∕ m2 (given)
By continuity equation
A1v1 = A2v2
A
∴ v1 = 2 v2 . . . . . (1)
A1
By bernoulli's equation
1 1
P1 + ρv12 = P2 + ρv22
2 2
1
P1 − P2 = ρ(v22 − v12)
2

∆P=
1
2 ( A2
ρ v22 − 22 v22
A1 )
[ ( ) ]v
2
1 A2 2
∆P= ρ 1− 2
2 A1

3=
1 1.25
2
× ( ( ))
× 103 1 −
5 2
10
v22

2 [ ]
3 = 1 × 1.25 × 103 1 − 1 v22
4
3 = 1 × 1.25 × 103 × 3 v22
2 4
−2
∴v2 = 8 × 10 m ∕ s
So discharge rate = A2V2
 = 5 × 10−4 × 8 × 10−2
−5
= 4 × 10 m3 ∕ s

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question66
The figure shows a liquid of given density flowing steadily in
horizontal tube of varying cross - section. Cross sectional areas at A
is 1.5cm2, and B is 25mm2, if the speed of liquid at B is 60 cm ∕ s then
(PA − PB) is: (Given PA and PB are liquid pressures at A and B
points)
Density ρ = 1000 kg m−3
A and B are on the axis of tube

[13-Apr-2023 shift 1]
Options:

A. 175 Pa

B. 36 Pa

C. 27 Pa

D. 135 Pa

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
By equation of continuity,
A1V1 = A2V2
−4 −6
(1.5 × 10 )VA = (25 × 10 )60 cm ∕ s
VA = 10 cm ∕ s
By Bernoulli's theorem.
PA + 1 ρVA2 = PB + 1 ρVB2
2 2
ρ
PA − PB = (VB − VA2)
2
2
1000 2 −4
PA − PB = (60 − 102) × 10
2
PA − PB = 175 Pa

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question67
Given below are two statements : one is labelled as Assertion A and
the other is labelled as Reason R
Assertion A : A spherical body of radius (5 ± 0.1) mm having a
particular density is falling through a liquid of constant density. The
percentage error in the calculation of its terminal velocity is 4%
Reason R : The terminal velocity of the spherical body falling
through the liquid is inversely proportional to its radius.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from
the options given below
[13-Apr-2023 shift 2]
Options:

A. Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A

B. Both A and R true and R is the correct explanation of A

C. A is false but R is true

D. A is true but R is false

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
Terminal velocity of a spherical body in liquid
V t ∝ r2
∆V t ∆r
=2
Vt r
∆V t
× 100% = 2× 0.1 × 100 = 4%
Vt 5
 Also, V t ∝ r2
Reason (R) is false

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question68
There is an air bubble of radius 1.0 mm in a liquid of surface tension
0.075nm−1 and density 1000 kg m−3 at a depth of 10 cm below the
free surface. The amount by which the pressure inside the bubble is
greater than the atmospheric pressure is ________ Pa(g = 10ms−2)
[15-Apr-2023 shift 1]

Answer: 1150

Solution:
Solution:
Pin = P0 + ρgh + 2T
r

2 × 0.075
P in − P0 = 1000 × 10 × 0.1 +
0.001
= 1000 + 150
P in − P0 = 1150 Pa

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question69
A metal block of mass m is suspended from a rigid support through
a metal wire of diameter 14 mm. The tensile stress developed in the
wire under equilibrium state is 7 × 105Nm−2. The value of mass m is
_______ kg.
(Take, g = 9.8ms−2 and π = 227 )
[6-Apr-2023 shift 2]

Answer: 11

Solution:
Solution:
Using stress = force = mg
area A
S × A 7 × 10 × πR25
⇒m= =
g g
5 22
7 × 10 × × (7 × 10−3)2
7
= (Note: 14 mm is diameter)
9.8
= 11 kg

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question70
An aluminium rod with Young's modulus Y = 7.0 × 1010N ∕ m2
undergoes elastic strain of 0.04%. The energy per unit volume
stored in the rod in SI unit is:
[8-Apr-2023 shift 1]
Options:

A. 5600

B. 2800

C. 11200

D. 8400

Answer: A
Solution:

Solution:
Aluminium rod Young's modulus
N
y = 7.0 × 1010 2
m
strain 0.04%
0.04
strain =
100
1
Energy per unit volume = stress × strain
2
1
= y strain × strain
2
1
= y( strain )2
2
1
= × 7 × 1010 ×
2 100(
0.04 2
)
J
Energy per unit volume = 5600 3
m

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question71
Two wires each of radius 0.2 cm and negligible mass, one made of
steel and the other made of brass are loaded as shown in the figure.
The elongation of the steel wire is ______ ×10−6m. [Young's modulus
for steel = 2× 1011Nm−2 and g = 10ms−2

[10-Apr-2023 shift 1]

Answer: 20

Solution:
Solution:

T2 = T1 + 20 = 20 + 11.4
T2 = 31.4
∴ Elongation in steel wire
TL
∆L= 2
AY
= 31.4 × 1.6
π(0.2 × 10−2)2 × 2 × 1011
= 2 × 10−5
∆ L = 20 × 10− 6m

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question72
Young's moduli of the material of wires A and B are in the ratio of
1 : 4, while its area of cross sections are in the ratio of 1 : 3. If the
same amount of load is applied to both the wires, the amount of
elongation produced in the wires A and B will be in the ratio of
[Assume length of wires A and B are same]
[10-Apr-2023 shift 2]
Options:

A. 12 : 1

B. 1 : 36

C. 1 : 12
D. 36 : 1

Answer: A

Solution:
Solution:

W = Y⋅ ∆ℓ1 W = 4Y⋅ ∆ℓ2

A ℓ 3A ℓ
∆l1 = Wℓ ∆ l2 = Wℓ
AY 12 AY
∆ℓ1 12
=
∆ℓ2 1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question73
The length of a wire becomes l 1 and l 2 when 100N and 120N
tensions are applied respectively. If 10l 2 = 11l l , the natural length of
wire will be 1x l 1. Here the value of x is ________.
[11-Apr-2023 shift 1]

Answer: 2

Solution:
Solution:

F = kx
F = yA ⋅ x .
ℓ0
Sol when F = 100N
100 = k(ℓ1 − ℓ0) . . . (1)
When F = 120N
120 = K( (ℓ1 − ℓ0).
Given that
10ℓ2 = 11ℓ1
ℓ2 = 1.1ℓ1
So 120 = K(1.1ℓ1 − ℓ0) . . . (2)
Now (2) \(1)
120 = K(1.1ℓ1 − ℓ0)
100 K(ℓ1 − ℓ0)
1.1ℓ1 − ℓ0
1.2 =
ℓ1 − ℓ0
1.2ℓ1 − 1.2ℓ0 = 1.1ℓ1 − ℓ0
0.1ℓ1 = 0.2ℓ0
ℓ
ℓ0 = 1 So x = 2 Ans.
2

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question74
Under isothermal condition, the pressure of a gas is given by
P = aV−3, where a is a constant and V is the volume of the gas. The
bulk modulus at constant temperature is equal to
[13-Apr-2023 shift 1]
Options:

A. P
2

B. 2P

C. P

D. 3P

Answer: D
Solution:

Solution:
−3
P = aV
dP −4
= −3aV
dV
dP
Bulk modulus, B = −V
dV
B = −V ( −3a
V
)
4

B = 3 a3 = 3P
V

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question75
The elastic potential energy stored in a steel wire of length 20m
stretched through 2 cm is 80J. The cross sectional area of the wire is
−2
________ ( . Given, y = 2.0 × 1011Nm ) mm2.
[13-Apr-2023 shift 1]

Answer: 40

Solution:

Solution:
1 2
Energy, U = kx
2
1 −2
80 = k(2 × 10 )2
2
k = 160 −4
4 × 10
k = 4 × 105N ∕ m
yA = × 105
4
ℓ
5
4 20
A = × 10 ×11
2 × 10
−6
A = 40 × 10 m2
A = 40mm2

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question76
A wire of length ' L ' and radius ' r ' is clamped rigidly at one end.
When the other end of the wire is pulled by a force f, its length
increases by ' l '. Another wire of same material of length ' 2L ' and
radius ' 2r ' is pulled by a force ' 2f. Then the increase in its length
will be :
[15-Apr-2023 shift 1]
Options:

A. l ∕ 2

B. 4l

C. l

D. 2l

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
By hooke's law,
Fl
γ=
A∆l
Fl
∆l∝
A
∆l2 F2l2 A1
= ×
∆l1 F1l1 A2
π(r)2
= 2f × 2L ×
f×L π(2r)2
∆ l1 = ∆l2
∆ l2 = 1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question77
A body cools in 7 minutes from 60∘ C to 40∘ C. The temperature of
the surrounding is 10∘ C. The temperature of the body after the next
7 minutes
[6-Apr-2023 shift 2]
Options:

A. 30∘C

B. 34∘C

C. 32∘C

D. 28∘C

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
Method-1
Using exact law of cooling
T − T s = (T0 − T s)e−Kt
Case-I: (40 − 10) = (60 − 10)e−7K
30 = 50e−7K
Case-II: (T − 10) = (40 − 10)e−7K or T − 10 = 30e−7K
Dividing (2) by (1)
T − 10 30
=
30 50
30 × 30
⇒ T − 10 = = 18
50
or T = 28∘C
Methode-2
Using newton's average law of cooling
Ti − Tf
t
=k (
Ti + Tf
2
−Ts )
7 [
2 7 ]
Case-I:- 60 − 40 = R 60 + 40 − 10 ⇒ 20 = k[40] . . . (i)

Case-II:-
7
=
2[
40 − T R 20 + T . . . (2)
]
Dividing (2) by (1)
40 − T = 20 + T
20 80
160 − 4T = 20 + T
5T = 140
T = 28∘C

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question78
A steel rod of length 1m and cross sectional area 10−4m2 is heated
from 0∘ C to 200∘ C without being allowed to extend or bend. The
compressive tension produced in the rod is ________ of steel
−2 −5 −1
= 2 × 1011Nm , coefficient of linear expansion = 10 K ) ×104N.
(Given Young's modulus
[8-Apr-2023 shift 2]

Answer: 4

Solution:

Solution:
Thermal stress = Yα ∆ T
F = YA α ∆ T
−4 −5
= 2 × 1011 × 10 × 10 × 200
= 4 × 104
x=4

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question79
1 kg of water at 100∘ C is converted into steam at 100∘ C by boiling at
atmospheric pressure. The volume of water changes from
−3
1.00 × 10 m3 as a liquid to 1.671m3 as steam. The change in internal
energy of the system during the process will be
(Given latent heat of vaporisation = 2257 kJ ∕ kg, Atmospheric
pressure = 1 × 105 Pa )
[11-Apr-2023 shift 1]
Options:

A. +2476 kJ

B. −2426 kJ

C. −2090 kJ

D. +2090 kJ
Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
Change in volume at constant pressure and temp →
∆V = V2 − V1 = 1.671 − 0.001
∆V = 1.67m3 ..... . (1)
∆Q = ∆ U + w
mLv = ∆ U + (1.013 × 105)(1.67)
∆ U = (2257 − 170)103
∆ U = 2090 kJ (approx.) Ans. Option → 4

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question80
On a temperature scale ' X ', the boiling point of water is 65∘ X and
the freezing point is −15∘ X. Assume that the X scale is linear. The
equivalent temperature corresponding to −95∘ X on the Farenheit
scale would be :
[11-Apr-2023 shift 1]
Options:

A. −63∘F

B. −148∘F

C. −48∘F

D. −112∘F

Answer: C

Solution:
Solution:
XT −XL T − 32
= F
X H − X L 212 − 32
−95∘ − (−15∘) = T F − 32
65∘ − (−15∘) 180
−80 = T F − 32
∘

80∘ 180∘
 − 180 = TF − 32
TF = −180 + 32 = −148∘F
Ans. option → (2)

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question81
A body cools from 80∘ C to 60∘ C in 5 minutes. The temperature of
the surrounding is 20∘ C. The time it takes to cool from 60∘ C to 40∘ C
is:
[12-Apr-2023 shift 1]
Options:

A. 450 s

B. 500 s

C. 420 s

D. 25 s
3

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
Body cools from 80∘C to 60∘C in 5 min
T suroumding = 20∘C
Time taken to cool from 60∘C to 40∘C ?
we know newton's law of cooling is
− dθ = b(θ − θ0)
dt
surrounding temp.
80 + 60
We take approx value of v as = 70∘
2
20 =
b[70 − 20] . . . (1)
5
20 =
b[50 − 20] . . . (2)
t
25 min
After solving t =
3
25
In second t = × 60
3
= 500 sec .
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question82
−1 −1
Two plates A and B have thermal conductivities 84Wm K and
−1 −1
126Wm K respectively. They have same surface area and same
thickness. They are placed in contact along their surfaces. If the
temperatures of the outer surfaces of A and B are kept at 100∘ C and
0∘ C respectively, then the temperature of the surface of contact in
steady state is ______ ∘ C.
[13-Apr-2023 shift 2]

Answer: 40

Solution:

Solution:

Let the temperature of contact surface is T then,

KAA(TA − T ) KBA(T − TB)
=
L L
84(100 − T ) = 126(T − 0)
T = 40∘C

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question83
The terminal velocity (vt) of the spherical rain drop depends on the
radius (r) of the spherical rain drop as :
[25-Jun-2022-Shift-1]
Options:

A. r1 ∕ 2

B. r

C. r2

D. r3

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
4 πr3(ρ − σ)g ⇒v = 2 2
6πηvtr = t Cr where C is a constant or vt ∝ r
3

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question84
The velocity of upper layer of water in a river is 36kmh−1. Shearing
stress between horizontal layers of water is 10−3Nm−2. Depth of the
river is m. (Co-efficient of viscosity of water is _____10−2 Pa . s )
[25-Jun-2022-Shift-1]

Answer: 100

Solution:
Solution:
F = −ηA d u
dx
⇒10−3 = 10−2 × 10
h
−1
10
⇒h = m = 100m
10− 3
⇒(100)

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question85
−3
An ideal fluid of density 800kgm , flows smoothly through a bent
pipe (as shown in figure) that tapers in cross-sectional area from a to
a
2
. The pressure difference between the wide and narrow sections of
√x −1
pipe is 4100 Pa. At wider section, the velocity of fluid is 6 ms for
x = (Given g = 10ms−2 )

[26-Jun-2022-Shift-1]

Answer: 363

Solution:

Solution:
From Bernoulli's equation
P1 + 1 ρv12 + ρgh1 = P2 + 1 ρv22 + ρgh2
2 2
P1 − P2 + ρg(h1 − h2) = 1 ρ(v22 − v12)...... (i)
2
Also, from equation of continuity
A1v1 = A2v2
A
Av1 = v2
2
v2 = 2v1 ...... (ii)
put equation (ii) in (i),
1 2 2
4100 × 800 × 10 × 1 = × 800 × (4v1 − v1 )
2
4100 + 8000 = 400 × 3v12
v12 = 12100 = 121
3 × 400 12
v1 =
√ 121
12
 √x
Now,
6
=
√
121
12
x 121
=
36 12
x = 121 × 3 = 363
∴x = 363

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question86
If p is the density and η is coefficient of viscosity of fluid which flows
with a speed v in the pipe of diameter d , the correct formula for
Reynolds number Re is :
[26-Jun-2022-Shift-2]
Options:

A. Re = ηd
ρv

B. Re = ρv
ηd

C. Re = ρvd
η

η
D. Re =
ρvd

Answer: C

Solution:
Solution:
Re = ρvd
η
Direct formula based.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question87
The velocity of a small ball of mass ' m ' and density d 1, when
dropped in a container filled with glycerin, becomes constant after
some time. If the density of glycerin is d2, then the viscous force
acting on the ball, will be :
[27-Jun-2022-Shift-1]
Options:

A. mg 1 − 1
d2( d
)
B. mg 1 − ( d2
d1 )
C. mg ( d1
d2
−1 )
D. mg ( d2
d1
−1 )
Answer: B

Solution:
Solution:
Viscous force acting on the ball will be equal and opposite to net of weight and buoyant force
⇒F 0 = 4 πr3d 1g − 4 πr3d 2g
3 3

(
= 4 πr3d 1g 1 − 2
3
d
d1 )
(
= mg 1 −
d2
d1 )
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question88
The area of cross-section of a large tank is 0.5m2. It has a narrow
opening near the bottom having area of cross-section 1 cm. A load of
25 kg is applied on the water at the top in the tank. Neglecting the
speed of water in the tank, the velocity of the water, coming out of
the opening at the time when the height of water level in the tank is
40 cm above the bottom, will be ____cms− 1 ⋅ [ . Take g = 10ms− 2 ]
[27-Jun-2022-Shift-1]
Answer: 300

Solution:
Solution:
By Bernoulli's theorem:
250 + 1 2
ρgh = ρv
0.5 2
⇒v = 3m ∕ s
⇒v = 300 cm ∕ s

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question89
When a ball is dropped into a lake from a height 4.9m above the
water level, it hits the water with a velocity v and then sinks to the
bottom with the constant velocity v. It reaches the bottom of the lake
4.0s after it is dropped. The approximate depth of the lake is :
[27-Jun-2022-Shift-2]
Options:

A. 19.6m

B. 29.4m

C. 39.2m

D. 73.5m

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
t1 = √ 2h
g

=
√ 2 ×9.84.9 = 1 s
∆t = 4 − 1 = 3 s,
v = √2gh = √2 × 9.8 × 4.9 = 9.8m ∕ s
∴ depth = 9.8 × 3 = 29.4m

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question90
Given below are two statements : One is labelled as Assertion A and
the other is labelled as Reason R.
Assertion A : Product of Pressure (P) and time (t) has the same
dimension as that of coefficient of viscosity.
Force
Reason R : Coefficient of viscosity = Velocity gradient
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
[28-Jun-2022-Shift-1]
Options:

A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

B. Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.

C. A is true but R is false.

D. A is false but R is true.

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
[ Pressure ][ Time ]=[ Force
Area ][ distance
Area ]
[Coefficient of viscosity ] [= Force
Area ][distance
Area ]
Statement ' A ' is true
But Statement ' R ' is false are coefficient of viscosity
= Force
Area × Velocity gradient

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question91
A water drop of diameter 2 cm is broken into 64 equal droplets. The
surface tension of water is 0.075N ∕ m. In this process the gain in
surface energy will be :
[28-Jun-2022-Shift-1]
Options:

A. 2.8 × 10−4J

B. 1.5 × 10−3J

C. 1.9 × 10−4J

D. 9.4 × 10−5J

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
r
r′ =
4
⇒ ∆ E = T (∆S)
= T × 4π(nr′2 − r2), n = 64
= T × 4π × (4 − 1)r2
⇒ ∆ E = 0.075 × 4 × 3.142(3) × 10−4J
−4
= 2.8 × 10 J

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question92
A water drop of radius 1µm falls in a situation where the effect of
buoyant force is negligible. Co-efficient of viscosity of air is
1.8 × 10−5Nsm−2 and its density is negligible as compared to that of
water 106gm−3. Terminal velocity of the water drop is
(Take acceleration due to gravity = 10ms−2 )
[28-Jun-2022-Shift-2]
Options:

A. 145.4 × 10−6ms−1

B. 118.0 × 10−6ms−1
C. 132.6 × 10−6ms−1

D. 123.4 × 10−6ms−1

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
6πηrv = mg
4 3
6πηrv = πr ρg
3
2 ρr2g = 2 × 103 × (10−6)2 × 10
or v =
9 η 9 1.8 × 10−5
= 123.4 × 10−6m ∕ s

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question93
A liquid of density 750kgm−3 flows smoothly through a horizontal
pipe that tapers in cross-sectional area from A1 = 1.2 × 10 −2m2 to
A1
A2 = 2
. The pressure difference between the wide and narrow
sections of the pipe is 4500 Pa. The rate of flow of liquid is
−3 −1
_____×10 m3s
[28-Jun-2022-Shift-2]

Answer: 24

Solution:
Solution:

Using Bernoulli's equation

P1 + 1 ρv2 = P2 + 1 ρ4v2
2 2
3 2
ρv = P1 − P2
2

⇒v = √ 2(P1 − P2)
3ρ

= √ 23××4500
750
= 2m ∕ sec

So Q = A1v = 24 × 10−3m3 ∕ sec

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question94
A small spherical ball of radius 0.1 mm and density 104 kg m− 3 falls
freely under gravity through a distance h before entering a tank of
water. If, after entering the water the velocity of ball does not change
and it continue to fall with same constant velocity inside water, then
the value of h will be _____m.
−2 −5 −2
(Given g = 10ms , viscosity of water = 1.0 × 10 N − sm ).
[29-Jun-2022-Shift-2]

Answer: 20

Solution:

Solution:
√2gh = terminal speed
2 r2g(ρ − ρ′)
⇒√2gh =
9 η
 −8
10 9000
= 2 × 10 × −5×
9 10
⇒h = 400
2g
⇒h = 20m

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question95
The bulk modulus of a liquid is 3 × 1010Nm−2. The pressure required
to reduce the volume of liquid by 2% is :
[24-Jun-2022-Shift-1]
Options:

A. 3 × 108Nm−2

B. 9 × 108Nm−2

C. 6 × 108Nm−2

D. 12 × 108Nm−2

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
∆P
∵B =
(
− ∆V
V )
⇒ ∆ P = 3 × 1010 × (0.02)
= 6 × 108N ∕ m2

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question96
The elastic behaviour of material for linear stress and linear strain,
is shown in the figure. The energy density for a linear strain of
−4
5 × 10 is_____ kJ ∕ m3. Assume that material is elastic upto the
linear strain of 5 × 10−4.
[26-Jun-2022-Shift-1]
Answer: 25

Solution:

Solution:
10−10
slope of strain - stress curve given by =
20
−4
for strain of 5 × 10 stress is given by
−10
−4 10 ×
5 × 10 = stress
20
stress = 108N ∕ m2
1
Energy density = × strain × stress
2
1 −4 8
= × 5 × 10 × 10
2
= 25000J ∕ m3
= 25 kJ ∕ m3

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question97
Two metallic blocks M 1 and M 2 of same area of cross-section are
connected to each other (as shown in figure). If the thermal
conductivity of M2 is K then the thermal conductivity of M1 will be :
[Assume steady state heat conduction]

[24-Jun-2022-Shift-1]
Options:

A. 10K

B. 8K

C. 12.5K

D. 2K
Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
Thermal current is same so
d Q = ∆T 1 = ∆T 2
dt I1 I2
K 1A K 2A
or 20 × K ′ = 80 × K
16 8
′
⇒K = 8K

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question98
A 100g of iron nail is hit by a 1.5 kg hammer striking at a velocity of
60ms−1. What will be the rise in the temperature of the nail if one
fourth of energy of the hammer goes into heating the nail?
[Specific heat capacity of iron = 0.42Jg−1∘ C−1 ]
[24-Jun-2022-Shift-2]
Options:

A. 675∘C

B. 1600∘C

C. 16.07∘C

D. 6.75∘C

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
1 1
× 1.5 × 602 × = 100 × 0.42× ∆ T
2 4
1.5 × 602
∆T = = 16.07∘C
8 × 100 × 0.42

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question99
In an experiment to verify Newton's law of cooling, a graph is
plotted between the temperature difference (∆T ) of the water and
surroundings and time as shown in figure. The initial temperature of
water is taken as 80∘ C. The value of t2 as mentioned in the graph
will be

[24-Jun-2022-Shift-2]

Answer: 16

Solution:
Solution:
Temperature of surrounding = 20∘C
For 0 → 6 minutes, average temp. = 70∘C
→ Rate of cooling ∝70∘C − 20∘C = 50∘C
For 6 → t2 minutes, average temp. = 50∘C
∘
→ Rate of cooling ∝30 C
⇒t2 − 6 = 5 ( 6 minutes )
3
⇒t2 = 16 minutes

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question100
A steam engine intakes 50g of steam at 100∘ C per minute and cools it
down to 20∘ C. If latent heat of vaporization of steam is 540 cal g−1,
then the heat rejected by the steam engine per minute is _____×
103 cal
(Given : specific heat capacity of water : 1 cal g−1 ∘ C−1 )
[25-Jun-2022-Shift-1]

Answer: 31

Solution:

Solution:
∆Qrej = 50 × 540 + 50 × 1 × (100 − 20)
= 50 × [540 + 80]
= 50 × 620
= 31000 cal
= 31 × 103 cal

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question101
A solid metallic cube having total surface area 24m2 is uniformly
heated. If its temperature is increased by 10∘ C, calculate the
increase in volume of the cube. ( . Given .α = 5.0 × 10−4∘ C−1 )
[25-Jun-2022-Shift-2]
Options:

A. 2.4 × 106cm3

B. 1.2 × 105cm3

C. 6.0 × 104cm3
D. 4.8 × 105cm3

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
6 × l 2 = 24
⇒l = 2m
∴ ∆V = 3× ∆l
V l
⇒ ∆ V = 3 × (α ∆ T ) × V
−4
= 3 × 5 × 10 × 10 × (8)
= 120 × 10−3m3
= 120 × 10−3 × 106cm3
= 1.2 × 105cm3

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question102
A copper block of mass 5.0 kg is heated to a temperature of 500∘ C
and is placed on a large ice block. What is the maximum amount of
ice that can melt? [Specific heat of copper : 0.39Jg−1∘ C−1 and latent
−1
heat of fusion of water : 335Jg ]
[25-Jun-2022-Shift-2]
Options:

A. 1.5 kg

B. 5.8 kg

C. 2.9 kg

D. 3.8 kg

Answer: C

Solution:
Solution:
mL = ∆Q = ms ∆ T
5 × 0.39 × 103 × 500
⇒m =
335
= 2.9 kg

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question103
A geyser heats water flowing at a rate of 2.0 kg per minute from
30∘ C to 70∘ C. If geyser operates on a gas burner, the rate of
combustion of fuel will be _____ gmin−1
[Heat of combustion = 8 × 103Jg−1, Specific heat of water
= 4.2Jg−1∘ C−1 ]
[26-Jun-2022-Shift-2]

Answer: 42

Solution:

Solution:
Q = ms ∆ T
dQ
dt
= (dm
dt ) water
( ddmt ) C
S∆T =
oil

⇒2 × 4.2 × 10 × 40 = ( d m ) × 8 × 10
3 6
dt oil
4
⇒( dm) = ×
8 4.2 × 10
kg ∕ minute
dt oil 8 × 10 6

= 42g ∕ min

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question104
A lead bullet penetrates into a solid object and melts. Assuming that
40% of its kinetic energy is used to heat it, the initial speed of bullet
is :
(Given : initial temperature of the bullet = 127∘ C, Melting point of
the bullet = 327∘ C, Latent heat of fusion of lead = 2.5 × 104J kg−1,
Specific heat capacity of lead . = 125J ∕ kg K )
[27-Jun-2022-Shift-2]
Options:

A. 125ms−1

B. 500ms−1

C. 250ms−1

D. 600ms−1

Answer: B

Solution:
Solution:
2 × 1 mv2 =
mL + ms ∆ T
5 2
2
⇒ v = 2.5 × 104 + 125 + 200
5
2
⇒ v = 5 × 104
5
⇒v = 500m ∕ s

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question105
Resistance of the wire is measured as 2Ω and 3Ω at 10∘ C and 30∘ C
respectively. Temperature co-efficient of resistance of the material of
the wire is :
[28-Jun-2022-Shift-2]
Options:

A. 0.033∘C−1

B. −0.033∘C−1

C. 0.011∘C−1

D. 0.055∘C−1

Answer: A

Solution:
Solution:
R10 = 2 = R0(1 + α × 10)
R30 = 3 = R0(1 + α × 30)
On solving
α = 0.033 ∕ ∘C

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question106
As per the given figure, two plates A and B of thermal conductivity
K and 2K are joined together to form a compound plate.
The thickness of plates are 4.0 cm and 2.5 cm respectively and the
area of cross-section is 120cm2 for each plate. The equivalent
thermal conductivity of the compound plate is 1 + ( 5
α ) K, then the
value of α will be______

[29-Jun-2022-Shift-1]

Answer: 21

Solution:

Solution:
L1 L2 L1 + L2
+ =
K 1A1 K 2A2 K eff A eff
⇒ 4 + 2.5 = 6.5
K 2K K eff
⇒ 10.5 = 6.5
2K K eff

(
⇒K ef f = 13K = 1 + 5 K
10.5 21 )
⇒α = 21

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question107
At what temperature a gold ring of diameter 6.230 cm be heated so
that it can be fitted on a wooden bangle of diameter 6.241 cm ? Both
the diameters have been measured at room temperature (27∘ C).
(Given : coefficient of linear thermal expansion of gold
αL = 1.4 × 10−5K−1 )
[29-Jun-2022-Shift-2]
Options:
∘
A. 125.7 C

B. 91.7∘C

C. 425.7∘C

D. 152.7∘C

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
∆D = Dα ∆ T
∆T = 0.011
6.230 × 1.4 × 10−5
= 126.11∘C
⇒T f = T+ ∆ T
= (27 + 126.11)∘C
= 153.11∘C

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question108
A drop of liquid of density ρ is floating half immersed in a liquid of
density boldsymbol σ and surface tension 7.5 × 10−4N cm−1. The
radius of drop in cm will be :
(g = 10ms−2)
[25-Jul-2022-Shift-2]
Options:

15
A.
√(2ρ − σ)

15
B.
√(ρ − σ)

3
C.
2√(ρ − σ)

3
D.
20√(2ρ − σ)

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
Balancing the forces on drop
4 3 2 3
2πRT + πR ρg = πR σg
3 3

2R2
⇒ 2T = (σ − 2ρ) × 10
3
15 × 10−2 × 3
⇒ = R2
10(σ − 2ρ)2
R= 3
2 × 10 √ 1
(σ − 2ρ)

= 3
20 √ σ −12ρ ( in m )
(R) in cm = 3 × 100
20 √ 1 = 15 ×
σ − 2ρ √ 1
σ − 2ρ
15
Now if 2ρ > σ(R in cm
)=
√2ρ − σ

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question109
A water drop of radius 1 cm is broken into 729 equal droplets. If
surface tension of water is 75 dyne\/ cm, then the gain in surface
energy upto first decimal place will be :
(Given π = 3.14 )
[26-Jul-2022-Shift-1]
Options:

A. 8.5 × 10−4J

B. 8.2 × 10−4J

C. 7.5 × 10−4J
4
D. 5.3 × 10− J

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
729× 4 πr3 = 4 πR3
3 3
⇒R = 9r..... . (1)
∆U = S× ∆ A..... . (2)
⇒ ∆ U = S × {−4πR2 + 729 × 4πr2}
= S × 4π{729r2 − 81r2}
= 7.5 × 10−4J

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question110
Two cylindrical vessels of equal cross-sectional area 16cm2 contain
water upto heights 100 cm and 150 cm respectively. The vessels are
interconnected so that the water levels in them become equal. The
work done by the force of gravity during the process, is [Take,
density of water = 103 kg ∕ m3 and .g = 10ms− 2 ] :
[27-Jul-2022-Shift-1]
Options:

A. 0.25J

B. 1J
C. 8J

D. 12J

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
A = 16 × 10−4m2
H H
E in = m1g 1 + m2g 2
2 2
= ρg (H 1 + H 2 ) = ρg A (12 + 1.52)
A 2 2
2 2
A A
E f in = ρg (2H ) = ρg (2 × 1.252)
2
2 2
A
W = ρg (3.25 − 3.125)
2
= 1J

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question111
A spherical soap bubble of radius 3 cm is formed inside another
spherical soap bubble of radius 6 cm. If the internal pressure of the
smaller bubble of radius 3 cm in the above system is equal to the
internal pressure of the another single soap bubble of radius r cm.
The value of r is _________.
[27-Jul-2022-Shift-2]

Answer: 2

Solution:
Solution:

4T 4T
P2 − P0 = &P1 − P2 =
6 3
4T
⇒P1 − P0 = =2
2

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question112
The diameter of an air bubble which was initially 2 mm, rises
steadily through a solution of density 1750 kg m−3 at the rate of
0.35cms−1. The coefficient of viscosity of the solution is _______
poise (in nearest integer). (the density of air is negligible).
[28-Jul-2022-Shift-1]

Answer: 11

Solution:

Solution:
As the bubble is rising steadily the net force acting on it will be zero

(Because of density of air the value of mg can be neglected)

4π R3ρg =
So B = F ⇒ 6πηRv
3
Putting R = 1 mm = 10−3m
cρ = 1.75 × 103 kg ∕ m3
g = 10m ∕ s2
v = 0.35 × 10−2m ∕ s
10 ≃ 1 ⋅ 11 SI unit = 11 poise (CGS)
η=
9

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question113
A pressure-pump has a horizontal tube of cross sectional area 10cm2
for the outflow of water at a speed of 20m ∕ s. The force exerted on
the vertical wall just in front of the tube which stops water
horizontally flowing out of the tube, is :
[given: density of water = 1000 kg ∕ m3 ]
[28-Jul-2022-Shift-2]
Options:

A. 300N

B. 500N

C. 250N
D. 400N

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
F w = ρAv2
= 103 × 10 × 10−4 × 20 × 20
= 400N

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question114
Consider a cylindrical tank of radius 1m is filled with water. The top
surface of water is at 15m from the bottom of the cylinder. There is a
hole on the wall of cylinder at a height of 5m from the bottom. A
force of 5 × 105N is applied an the top surface of water using a
piston. The speed of ifflux from the hole will be : (given atmospheric
pressure PA = 1.01 × 105 Pa, density of water ρW = 1000 kg ∕ m3 and
gravitational acceleration g = 10m ∕ s2 )

[28-Jul-2022-Shift-2]
Options:

A. 11.6m ∕ s

B. 10.8m ∕ s
C. 17.8m ∕ s

D. 14.4m ∕ s

Answer: C

Solution:
Solution:
By Bernoulli's theorem,
5 × 105
+ ρg(10) = 1.01 × 105 + 1 ρ(v)2
π(1) 2 2
6
⇒v2 = 200 + 10 − 202
1000π
⇒v ≃ 17.8m ∕ s

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question115
Given below are two statements : One is labelled as Assertion (A)
and the other is labelled as Reason (R)
Assertion (A): Clothes containing oil or grease stains cannot be
cleaned by water wash.
Reason (R): Because the angle of contact between the oil/grease and
water is obtuse.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from
the option given below.
[29-Jul-2022-Shift-1]
Options:

A. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

B. Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)

C. (A) is true but (R) is false

D. (A) is false but (R) is true

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
Due to obtuse angle of contact the water doesn't wet the oiled surface properly and cannot wash it
also.
⇒ Assertion is correct and Reason given is a correct explanation.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question116
The velocity of a small ball of mass 0.3g and density 8g ∕ cc when
dropped in a container filled with glycerine becomes constant after
some time. If the density of glycerine is 1.3g ∕ cc, then the value of
viscous force acting on the ball will be x × 10−4N, The value of x is
_______. [use g = 10m ∕ s2 ]
[29-Jul-2022-Shift-2]

Answer: 25

Solution:

Solution:
F V + F B = mg(v = constant)
F V = mg − F B
= ρB Vg − ρL Vg
= (ρB − ρL) Vg
+3 0.3 × 10−3
= (8 − 1.3) × 10 × × 10
8 × 103
= 6.7 × 0.3 × 10−2 (g = 10)
8
= 67 × 3 × 10−4 = −4
25.125 × 10
8

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question117
A wire of length L and radius r is clamped rigidly at one end. When
the other end of the wire is pulled by a force F , its length increases
by 5cm. Another wire of the same material of length 4L and radius
4r is pulled by a force 4F under same conditions. The increase in
length of this wire is cm
[25-Jul-2022-Shift-1]

Answer: 5

Solution:
Solution:
F ∕A =Y
∆L ∕ L
FL
⇒∆L=
AY
∆L2
∆L1
= ( ) ( ) × ( AA )
F2
F1
×
L2
L1
1

= 4 × 4× 1 = 1
16
∆L2 = ∆L1 = 5cm.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question118
In an experiment to determine the Young's modulus of wire of a
length exactly 1m, the extension in the length of the wire is measured
as 0.4 mm with an uncertainty of ±0.02 mm when a load of 1 kg is
applied. The diameter of the wire is measured as 0.4 mm with an
uncertainty of ±0.01 mm. The error in the measurement of Young's
−2
modulus (∆Y ) is found to be x × 1010Nm . The value of x is
−2
________( . take .g = 10ms )
[26-Jul-2022-Shift-1]

Answer: 2

Solution:

Solution:
 F ∕A =Y, = 2
A πD
l ∕L
∆Y ∆F 2 ∆ D ∆l ∆L
= + + +
Y F D e L
= 2× 0.01 + 0.02
0.4 0.4
= 0.04 = 1
0.4 10
Y = F l
A∆l
= 10 × 1
π(0.1mm)2 × 0.4mm
= 1.988 × 1011
≈2 × 1011
∆y = 1
y 10
∆y = y = 2 × 1010
10

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question119
The area of cross section of the rope used to lift a load by a crane is
2.5 × 10−4m2. The maximum lifting capacity of the crane is 10 metric
tons. To increase the lifting capacity of the crane to 25 metric tons,
the required area of cross section of the rope should be :
( . take .g = 10ms−2 )
[26-Jul-2022-Shift-2]
Options:

A. 6.25 × 10−4m2

B. 10 × 10−4m2

C. 1 × 10−4m2

D. 1.67 × 10−4m2

Answer: A

Solution:
Solution:
Since breaking stress (Maximum lifting capacity) is the property of material so it will remain same.
Maximum lifting capacity
breaking stress =
Area of cross section of rope
10 = 25
2.5 × 10 −4 A
A = = 625 × 10−6
= 6.25 × 10−4m2

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question120
A uniform heavy rod of mass 20 kg, cross sectional area 0.4m2 and
length 20m is hanging from a fixed support. Neglecting the lateral
contraction, the elongation in the rod due to its own weight is
x × 10−9m. The value of x is ________.
(Given, young modulus Y = 2 × 1011Nm−2 and g = 10ms−2 )
[26-Jul-2022-Shift-2]

Answer: 25

Solution:

Solution:

T dx
Y =
A dy
m = 20 kg
A = mathbf 0 . 4 mathrm m2
1 = 20m
 stress
Y=
strain
T
Y = A = T ⋅ dx
dy A dy
dx
Tdx
dy=
AY
mg x
Tension at a distance x from lower end =
ℓ
∆l ℓ mg dx
So. ∫ d y = ∫ x
0 0 ℓ AY

[ ]
ℓ
mg x2
∆ℓ =
ℓ AY 2 0
∆ℓ = mg ℓ
2 AY
∆ℓ = 20 × 10 × 20
2 × 0.4 × 2 × 1011
11
2500 × 10−
∆ℓ = 25 × 10−9
= x × 10−9
x = 25

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question121
A square aluminum (shear modulus is 25 × 109Nm−2 ) slab of side
60 cm and thickness 15 cm is subjected to a shearing force (on its
narrow face) of 18.0 × 104N. The lower edge is riveted to the floor.
The displacement of the upper edge is _______ µm.
[27-Jul-2022-Shift-1]

Answer: 48

Solution:

Solution:
F = η x ⇒ Fℓ =
x
A ℓ Aη
18 × 104 × 60 × 10−2
⇒x =
60 × 10−2 × 15 × 10−2 × 25 × 109
−6
= 48 × 10 m = 48µm
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question122
A steel wire of length 3.2m(Ys = 2.0 × 1011Nm−2) and a copper wire of
length 4.4m(Yc = 1.1 × 1011Nm−2), both of radius 1.4 mm are
connected end to end. When stretched by a load, the net elongation
is found to be 1.4 mm. The load applied, in Newton, will be: ( Given
.π = 22
7 )
[27-Jul-2022-Shift-2]
Options:

A. 360

B. 180

C. 1080

D. 154

Answer: D

Solution:
Solution:

∆ℓ1 + ∆ ℓ2 = ∆ℓ
Fℓ1 Fℓ2
+ = ∆ℓ
A1y1 A2y2
F= ∆ℓ = 1.54 × 102 = 154
ℓ1 ℓ2
+
A1y1 A2y2

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question123
In an experiment to determine the Young's modulus, steel wires of
five different lengths ( 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5m ) but of same cross section
(2mm2) were taken and curves between extension and load were
obtained. The slope (extension/load) of the curves were plotted with
the wire length and the following graph is obtained. If the Young's
modulus of given steel wires is x × 1011Nm−2, then the value of x is
_________.

[27-Jul-2022-Shift-2]

Answer: 2

Solution:
Solution:
∆l ∕ w ∆l ∕ L 1
Slope = = =
L W YA
1
⇒Y =
( slope )A
 1
Y=
2 × 10 (0.25 × 10−5)
−6

Y = 2 × 1011N ∕ m2

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question124
The force required to stretch a wire of cross-section 1cm2 to double
its length will be : (Given Yong's modulus of the wire −2 × 1011N ∕ m2
)
[28-Jul-2022-Shift-1]
Options:

A. 1 × 107N

B. 1.5 × 107N

C. 2 × 107N

D. 2.5 × 107N

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
∆ℓ
F = γA
ℓ
= 2 × 1011 × 10−4 ( 2ℓℓ− ℓ )
= 2 × 107N

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question125
A string of area of cross-section 4mm2 and length 0.5m is connected
with a rigid body of mass 2 kg. The body is rotated in a vertical
circular path of radius 0.5m. The body acquires a speed of 5m ∕ s at
the bottom of the circular path. Strain produced in the string when
−5
the body is at the bottom of the circle is ____×10
(use Young's modulus 1011N ∕ m2 and g = 10m ∕ s2 )
[28-Jul-2022-Shift-2]

Answer: 30

Solution:

Solution:

Strain = F/AY
mv2
mg +
R
=
AY
2(5)2
20 +
= 0.5 = 30 × 10−5
−6 11
3 × 10 × 10

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question126
If the length of a wire is made double and radius is halved of its
respective values. Then, the Young's modulus of the material of the
wire will:
[29-Jul-2022-Shift-1]
Options:

A. remain same

B. become 8 times its initial value

C. become 1 of its initial value

4

D. become 4 times its initial value

Answer: A

Solution:
Solution:
Young's modulus of matter depends on material of wire and is independent of the dimensions of
the wire. As the material remains same so Young's modulus also remain same.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question127
A metal wire of length 0.5m and cross-sectional area 10−4m2 has
breaking stress 5 × 108Nm− 2. A block of 10 kg is attached at one end
of the string and is rotating in a horizontal circle. The maximum
linear velocity of block will be _______ ms−1
[29-Jul-2022-Shift-2]

Answer: 50

Solution:

Solution:
mv2 = 10 × v2 =
T= 20v2
ℓ 0.5
Tmax = Breaking stress × Area
= 5 × 108 × 10−4 = 5 × 104
20V2 = 5 × 104
V=
√ 1 × 104 = 50m ∕ s
4

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question128
A unit scale is to be prepared whose length does not change with
temperature and remains 20cm, using a bimetallic strip made of
brass and iron each of different length. The length of both
components would change in such a way that difference between
their lengths remains constant. If length of brass is 40cm and length
of iron will be cm . ( α iron = 1.2 × 10−5K −1 and
α brass = 1.8 × 10−5K −1 )
[25-Jul-2022-Shift-1]

Answer: 60

Solution:

Solution:
∆L1 = α1L1 ∆ T
∆L2 = α2L2 ∆ T
α1L1 = α2L2
1.2 × 10−5 × L1 = 1.8 × 10−5 × L2

L1 = 1.8 × 40 = 60cm
1.2

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question129
A block of ice of mass 120g at temperature 0∘ C is put in 300g of
water at 25∘ C. The ×g of ice melts as the temperature of the water
reaches 0∘ C. The value of x is____
[Use specific heat capacity of water = 4200J kg−1K −1, Latent heat of
ice = 3.5 × 105J kg−1 ]
[25-Jul-2022-Shift-2]

Answer: 90

Solution:

Solution:
Heat lost by water = Heat gained by ice
0.3 × 4200 × 25 = x × 3.5 × 105
 0.3 × 4200 × 25
x=
3.5 × 105
= 90 × 100 × 105 × 103gram = 90gm

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question130
An ice cube of dimensions 60 cm × 50 cm × 20 cm is placed in an
insulation box of wall thickness 1 cm. The box keeping the ice cube
at 0∘ C of temperature is brought to a room of temperature 40∘ C The
rate of melting of ice is approximately :
(Latent heat of fusion of ice is 3.4 × 105Jkg−1 and thermal conducting
of insulation wall is .0.05Wm−1∘ C−1 )
[26-Jul-2022-Shift-2]
Options:

A. 61 × 10−3 kg s−1
5 1
B. 61 × 10− kg s−

C. 208 kg s−1

D. 30 × 10−5 kg S−1

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:

dQ = KA ∆ T
dt ℓ
A = 2(0.6 × 0.5 + 0.5 × 0.2 + 0.2 × 0.6)
= 2(0.3 + 0.1 + 0.12)
= 2(0.4 + 0.12)
= 2(0.52)
= 1.04m2
Rth = ℓ ⇒ 1 × 10−2 ⇒ 10−2
KA 0.05 × 1.04 0.052
dQ = ∆T ⇒ 40 × 0.052 ⇒ 2
2.08 × 10 J ∕ s
dt Rth 10 −2

2.08 × 10 = m × 3.4 × 105

2

2.08 ⇒ −3
m= 3
0.61 × 10 kg ∕ s
3.4 × 10
= 61 × 10−5 Kg ∕ s

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question131
If K 1 and K 2 are the thermal conductivities, L1 and L2 are the
lengths and A1 and A2 are the cross sectional areas of steel and
K2 A1 L1
copper rods respectively such that K1
= 9, A2
= 2, L2
= 2. Then, for
the arrangement as shown in the figure, the value of temperature T
of the steel - copper junction in the steady state will be:

[27-Jul-2022-Shift-1]
Options:

A. 18∘C

B. 14∘C

C. 45∘C

D. 150∘C

Answer: C

Solution:
Solution:

dθ = K1A1 (T − T) = K2A2 (T − T )
dt l1 1 l2 2

KAl
⇒ 450 − T = 2 2 1 = 9× 1 × 2
T−0 K1A1l2 2
⇒450 − T = 9T ⇒ T = 45∘C

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question132
Read the following statements :
A. When small temperature difference between a liquid and its
surrounding is doubled, the rate of loss of heat of the liquid becomes
twice.
B. Two bodies P and Q having equal surface areas are maintained at
temperature 10∘ C and 20∘ C. The thermal radiation emitted in a
given time by P and Q are in the ratio 1 : 1.15.
C. A Carnot Engine working between 100K and 400K has an
efficiency of 75%.
D. When small temperature difference between a liquid and its
surrounding is quadrupled, the rate of loss of heat of the liquid
becomes twice.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
[27-Jul-2022-Shift-1]
Options:

A. A, B, C only

B. A, B only

C. A, C only

D. B, C, D only

Answer: A

Solution:
Solution:
Heat Transfer
dθ = ∝ ∆T
A. by Newton's low of colling
dt

( ) ( )
4
dθ = σ eAT T4 ⇒ HP = TP = 283
4
B. H =
dt HQ TQ 293
HP : HQ = 1(1.03)4 = 1 : (1.03)4 = 1 : 1.15
⇒B is correct
100 = 3 =
C. η = 1 − 75%
400 4
dθ ∝ ∆T
D. is wrong as
dt

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question133
Two metallic wires of identical dimensions are connected in series. If
σ1 and σ2 are the conductivities of the these wires respectively, the
effective conductivity of the combination is :
[29-Jul-2022-Shift-1]
Options:

σ1σ2
A.
σ1 + σ2

2σ1σ2
B.
σ1 + σ 2

σ +σ
C. 2σ
1
σ
2
1 2

σ1 + σ2
D.
σ1σ2

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:

Let length of wire be ' ℓ '

Area of wire as 'A'
For equivalent wire length = 2ℓ& area will be A
Thermal resistance
Req = R1 + R2
2ℓ = ℓ + ℓ
σeqA σ1A σ1A
2ℓ = ℓ + ℓ ⇒ σ = 2σ1σ2
σeq σ1 σ2 eq σ1 + σ2

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question134
Nearly 10% of the power of a 110W light bulb is converted to visible
radiation. The change in average intensities of visible radiation, at a
distance of 1m from the bulb to a distance of 5m is a × 10−2W ∕ m2.
The value of 'a' will be ________.
[29-Jul-2022-Shift-2]

Answer: 84

Solution:

Solution:
P′ = 10% of 110W
= 10 × 110W
100
= 11W
′ ′
I1 − I2 = P 2 − P 2
4ππ1 4ππ2

=
11 1
[
4π 1 25
−
1
]
11 24
= ×
4π 25
264
= × 10−2 = 84 × 10−2W ∕ m2
π

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question135
A uniform metallic wire is elongated by 0.04m when subjected to a
linear force F . The elongation, if its length and diameter is doubled
and subjected to the same force will be ........... cm
[24 Feb 2021 Shift 2]

Answer: 2

Solution:

Solution:
Let initial length and diameter be l 1 and d 1,
whereas final length and diameter be I 2 and d 2.
Given, I 2 = 2I 1, d 2 = 2d 1, ∆I 1 = 0.04m
By using formula of Young's modulus of elasticity,
F ⋅l
Y =
A∆l
∵ Y1 =Y2
FI1 FI2
⇒ =
A1 × ∆ I 1 A2 × ∆ I 2
FI1 F 2I 1
⇒ =
π(d 1 ∕ 2) × 0.04 π(2d 1 ∕ 2)2 ∆ I 2
2

1 2
⇒ =
1 ∕ 4 × 0.04 ∆I 2
⇒ ∆ I 2 = 0.02m = 2cm

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question136
The normal density of a material is ρ and its bulk modulus of
elasticity is K . The magnitude of increase in density of material,
when a pressure p is applied uniformly on all sides, will be
[26 Feb 2021 Shift 1]
Options:

A. ρK
p

B. ρp
K

C. K
ρp
D. pK
ρ

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
Given, density of material = ρ
Bulk modulus of elasticity = K
and applied pressure = p
Let change in volume and density be ∆V and ∆ρ respectively and initial volume and density be V
and ρ.
Since, K = p . . . (i)
− ∆V
V
mass(m)
and density (ρ) =
volume (V )
∴ ∆ρ =− ∆V
ρ V
Substituting it in Eq. (i), we get
−∆V p ∆ρ
= =
V K ρ
∴ ∆ρ= pρ
K

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question137
The length of metallic wire is I 1 when tension in it is T 1. It is I 2
when the tension is T 2. The original length of the wire will be
[26 Feb 2021 Shift 2]
Options:

I1+I2
A. 2

T 2I 1 + T 1I 2
B.
T1+T2

T 2I 1 − T 1I 2
C. T2−T1

T 1l 1 − T 2I 2
D.
T2−T1

Answer: C
Solution:

Solution:
Let I 0 be the original length, A be the area of cross-section, α be the coefficient of linear expansion,
∆l be the change in length and Y be the Young's modulus of elasticity.
As, I 1 = I 0(1 + α ∆ T )
⇒ I 1 − I 0 = I 0α ∆ T ⇒ ∆ I = I 0α ∆ T
Stress = T ∕ A
Initially, Y =
Strain ∆l ∕ I 0
T1∕A
⇒ Y = . . . (i)
(I 1 − I 0) ∕ I 0
T2∕A
Finally, Y = . . . (ii)
(I 2 − I 0) ∕ I 0
Now, from Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
T1∕A T2∕A
=
(I 1 − I 0) ∕ I 0 (I 2 − I 0) ∕ I 0
T1 T2
⇒ =
I1−I0 I2−I0
⇒ T 1I 2 − T 1I 0 = T 2I 1 − T 2I 0
⇒ T 1I 2 − T 2I 1 = (T 1 − T 2)I 0
T I − T 2I 1
⇒ I0= 1 2
T1−T2
T I − T 1I 2
or I 0 = 2 1
T2−T1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question138
Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion A and
the other is labelled as Reason R.
Assertion (A) When a rod lying freely is heated, no thermal stress is
developed in it.
Reason (R) On heating, the length of the rod increases.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from
the options given below
[25 Feb 2021 Shift 1]
Options:

A. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

B. A is false but R is true

C. A is true but R is false.

D. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
Thermal stress is defined as the stress, experienced by any rod on heating between two fixed rigid
supports. On heating, the size of the rod increases but, if the two ends are free, rod will not
experience any stress. i.e, there is no thermal stress will be produced in it.
Hence, option (a) is the correct.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question139
A large number of water drops, each of radius r, combine to have a
drop of radius R. If the surface tension is T and mechanical
equivalent of heat is J, the rise in heat energy per unit volume will be
[26 Feb 2021 Shift 1]
Options:

A. 2T
J ( 1
r
− R1 )
B. 2T
r

C. 3T
rJ

D. 3T
J ( 1
r
− R1 )
Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
Given, radius of small drop = r
Radius of big drop = R
Surface tension = T
and mechanical equivalent of heat = J
As, small drops combine to form big drop.
∴ Volume of big drop (V B) = n× Volume of small drop (V S)

⇒ 4 πR3 = n⋅ 4 πr3
3 3
⇒ nr3 = R3
R
⇒ r = 1 ∕ 3 . . . (i)
n
Surface energy of small drop (E S) = Surface tension (T )× Area (A)
⇒ E S = n × 4πr2T and E B = 4πR2T
Now, change in energy will be
∆E = E B − E S = 4πT (nr2 − R2)
∆E = 4πT (nr2 − R2)
∴ Heat energy per unit volume =
V
J × 4 πR3
3

= 3T
J ( nr2 1
−
R3 R
) = 3T
J ( n R2 − 1
n2 ∕ 3R3 R
)
[ nR ]
1∕3
= 3T − 1 [from Eq. (i)]
J R
= 3T
J [ 1− 1
r R ]
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question140
If Y , K and η are the values of Young's modulus, bulk modulus and
modulus of rigidity of any material respectively. Choose the correct
relation for these parameters.
[24feb2021shift1]
Options:

A. Y = 9K η N ∕ m2
3K − η

B. η = 3Y K N ∕ m2
9K + Y

C. Y = 9K η N ∕ m2
2η + 3K

Yη
D. K = N ∕ m2
9η − 3Y

Answer: D

Solution:
Solution:
We know that Y = 3K (1 − 2σ)
Here,
σ = Poisson's ratio
 (
σ= 1 1− Y
2 3K )
Also,
Y = 2η(1 + σ)
Y −
σ= 1
2η
From equation (i) and (ii), we have
1
2 (1−
Y
3K )
=
Y 1
2η
−
Y Y Y Y
⇒1 − = −2⇒ =3−
3K η 3K η
Y
⇒
η−Y
ηY
⇒ = 3η − Y
3K
ηY
⇒K =
9η − 3Y

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question141
A hydraulic press can lift 100kg when a mass 'm' is placed on the
smaller piston. It can lift kg when the diameter of the larger piston is
increased by 4 times and that of the smaller piston is decreased by 4
times keeping the same mass 'm' on the smaller piston.
[24feb2021shift1]

Answer: 25600

Solution:

Solution:
Let m mass can lift M 0 in second case then
M 0g
16A2
= mg ∵A =
A1
( πd 2
4
)
16
From equation (i) and (ii), we get
M0
= 16
16 × 100
M 0 = 25600kg

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question142
Each side of a box made of metal sheet in cubic shape is ' a ' at room
temperature ' T ', the coefficient of linear expansion of the metal
sheet is ' α '. The metal sheet is heated uniformly, by a small
temperature ∆T , so that its new temperature is T + ∆ T . Calculate
the increase in the volume of the metal box.
[24feb2021shift1]
Options:
3
A. 3a α ∆ T

B. 4a3α ∆ T

C. 3πa3α ∆ T

D. 4 πa3α ∆ T
3

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
∆V = V γ ∆ T
Since, V = a3 and γ = 3α
∴∆V = 3a3α ∆ T

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question143
An object is located at 2km beneath the surface of the water. If the
fractional compression ∆V V
is 1.36%, the ratio of hydraulic stress to
the corresponding hydraulic strain will be ...............
(Take, density of water is 1000kgm−3 and g = 9.81ms−2 )
[17 Mar 2021 Shift 2]
Options:

A. 1.96 × 107N m−2

B. 1.44 × 107N m−2

C. 2.26 × 109N m−2

D. 1.44 × 109N m−2

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
∆V =
Given, The volumetric strain is 1.36%
V
The depth beneath the water surface, h = 2km
The pressure inside the water surface up to 2km,
p = ρgh
Substituting the values in the above equation, we get
p = 1000 × 9.81 × 2000
p = 19.62 × 106Pa
The bulk modulus of the object,
β= p
∆V
V
Substituting the values in the above equation, we get
6
β = 19.62 × 10
1.36
100
β = 1.44 × 109N ∕ m2
Hence, the ratio of the hydraulic stress to the corresponding hydraulic strain will be 1.44 × 109N ∕ m2.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question144
Two separate wires A and B are stretched by 2mm and 4mm
respectively, when they are subjected to a force of 2N . Assume that
both the wires are made up of same material and the radius of wire
B is 4 times that of the radius of wire A. The length of the wires A
and B are in the ratio of a : b. Then, ba can be expressed as 1x , where x
is
[18 Mar 2021 Shift 1]

Answer: 32

Solution:

Solution:
Given,
The change in the length of the wire A, ∆LA = 2mm = 0.002m
The change in the length of the wire B, ∆LB = 4mm = 0.004m
The force subjected to the wire, F = 2N
rB 4
The radius of the wire B is 4 times the radius of the wire A, i.e.,
=
rA 1
Since, the wire is made of the same material, so the Young's modulus of the elasticity of the wire is
same.
⇒ YA=YB
Using Hooke's law,
Stress = Y (Strain)
F
A
=Y ( )
∆L
L
⇒ L= Y ∆ LA
F
LA Y A ∆LA AA F B
⇒ = × × ×
LB Y B ∆LB AB F A
LA Y A 0.002 πrA2 2
⇒ = × × ×
LB Y B 0.004 πr 2 2
B
LA 0.002 r 2
⇒ = × A 2
LB 0.004 16r
A
LA a
⇒ = = 1
LB b 32
Comparing this equation with 1 ∕ x, we get the value of the x is 32 .

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question145
The pressure acting on a submarine is 3 × 105Pa at a certain depth.
If the depth is doubled, the percentage increase in the pressure
acting on the submarine would be (Assume that atmospheric
pressure is 1 × 105Pa, density of water is 103kgm−3, g = 10ms−2 )
[16 Mar 2021 Shift 1]
Options:

A. 200 %
3

B. 200 %
5

C. 5 %
200

D. 3 %
200

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
Given, pressure on submarine at a certain depth,
pi = 3 × 105Pa
Since, we know that at a certain depth or below the surface of a liquid of density ρ, pressure is
given as
pi = p0 + ρgh
⇒ 3 × 105 = p0 + ρgh
⇒ 3 × 105 = 1 × 105 + ρgh (∵p0 = 1 × 105Pa)
⇒ 3 × 105 − 1 × 105 = ρgh
⇒ 2 × 105 = ρgh....(i)
When the depth is doubled, then final pressure will be
pf = p0 + ρg2h = 1 × 105 + 2(ρgh)
= 1 × 105 + 2(2 × 105) [using Eq. (i)]
= 1 × 105 + 4 × 105
⇒ pf = 5 × 105Pa
∴ Percentage increase in pressure
p − pi (5 − 3) × 105
= f × 100 = 5
× 100 = 200 %
pi 3 × 10 3

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question146
Consider a water tank as shown in the figure. It's cross-sectional
area is 0.4m2. The tank has an opening B near the bottom whose
cross-section area is 1cm2. A load of 24kg is applied on the water at
the top when the height of the water level is 40cm above the bottom,
the velocity of water coming out the opening B is vms−1. The value of
v, to the nearest integer, is (Take value of g to be 10ms−2 )

[18 Mar 2021 Shift 2]

Answer: 3

Solution:
Solution:
Given, cross-sectional area of the tank, A = 0.4m2
Cross-sectional area of the opening at B,
A = 4cm2 = 1 × 10−4m2
Load applied on the top of the tank,
m = 24kg
Height of the water level, h = 40cm
From the figure,

Using the Bernoulli's principle equation,

 ρvA2 ρvB2
p0 + mg + ρgh + = p0 +
A 2 2
2
(24)10 1000 10 0.4 ρ(0)2 0 1000 × vB
⇒ 0+ + × × + = +
0.4 2 2
vB = 3m/s
Hence, the value of v to the nearest integer is 3 .

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question147
What will be the nature of flow of water from a circular tap, when
its flow rate increased from 0.18L/min to 0.48L/min ? The radius of
the tap and viscosity of water are 0.5cm and 10−3Pa − s, respectively.
(Density of water = 103kg/m3 )
[16 Mar 2021 Shift 2]
Options:

A. Unsteady to steady flow

B. Remains steady flow

C. Remains turbulent flow

D. Steady flow to unsteady flow

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
As we know that the nature of flow of water is determined by Reynold's number,
Re = ρvD
η
Here, ρ = 103kgm−3, r = 0.5cm = 0.5 × 10−2m
D = 2r = 1 × 10−2m
η = 10−3Pa − s
0.18 × 10−3 3
Q1 = 0.18L/min = m /s
60
0.48 × 10−3 3
Q2 = 0.48L/ min = m /s
60
Q
Also, v = Q2 ∴ v1 = 12
πr πr
Q
Also, v = Q2 ∴ v1 = 12
πr πr
 ρv1D ρQ1D
∴Re = =
initial η πr2η
3
0.18 × 10−3 1 × 10−2
= 10 × ×
π × (0.5 × 10−2)2 × 60 10−3
= 381.97 ∼ eq382
ρv2D ρQ2D
and Re = =
final η πr2η
3
0.48 × 10−3 × 1 × 10−2
= 10 ×
π × (0.5 × 10−2)2 × 60 × 10−3
= 1019.09
We know that,
When Re < 1000, the flow of water is considered to be steady.
When 1000 < Re < 2000, the flow of water becomes unsteady.
When Re > 2000, the flow of water becomes turbulent.
As the Re value lies in between 1000 and 2000 and
final

Re value is less than 1000 , so the nature of flow of water will be steady flow to the unsteady
initial

one.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question148
When two soap bubbles of radii a and b(b > a) coalesce, the radius
of curvature of common surface is
[17 Mar 2021 Shift 1]
Options:

A. ab
b−a

B. a + b
ab

C. b − a
ab

D. ab
a+b

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
When two soap bubbles of radii a and b(b > a) coalesce, it can be shown as follows

4T
Pressure inside the bubble 1, p1 = p0 +
a
where, p0 is the initial pressure,
T is the surface tension
and a is the radius of the bubble 1.
4T
Similarly, pressure inside the bubble 2, p2 = p0 +
b
where, b is the radius of the bubble 2 .
Excess pressure at common surface is given by
p ex = p1 − p2
Let, r be the radius of common surface, then
⇒
4T
r (
= p0 +
4T
a ) (
− p0 +
4T
b )
⇒ 4T = p0 + 4T − p0 − 4T
r a b
⇒ 4T = 4T − 4T ⇒ = 1 − 1 ⇒ 1 = b−a
1
r a b r a b r ab
ab
⇒r = , which is the required expression for radius of curvature at common surface.
b−a

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question149
Two wires of same length and radius are joined end to end and
loaded. The Young's modulii of the materials of the two wires are Y 1
and Y 2. The combination behaves as a single wire then its Young's
modulus is :
[25 Jul 2021 Shift 1]
Options:

2Y Y
A. Y = 1 2
3(Y 1 + Y 2)

2Y Y
B. Y = 1 2
Y1+Y2

Y Y
C. Y = 2(Y 1+ Y2 )
1 2
 Y Y
D. Y = 1 2
Y1+Y2

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
In series combination Δl = l 1 + l 2
Y = F ∕ A ⇒ Δl = F l
Δl ∕ l AY
⇒Δl ∝ l
Y
Equivalent length of rod after joing is = 2l
As, lengths are same and force is also same in series
Δl = Δl 1 + Δl 2
l cq
= l + l ⇒ 2l = l + l
Y cq Y 1 Y 2 Y Y 1 Y 2
2Y 1Y 2
∴Y =
Y1+Y2

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question150
The length of a metal wire is l 1, when the tension in it is T 1 and is l 2
when the tension is T 2. The natural length of the wire is :
[20 Jul 2021 Shift 2]
Options:

A. √l 1l 2

l T −l T1
B. 1T 2 − T2
2 1

l 1T 2 + l 2T 1
C.
T2+T1

l1+l2
D. 2

Answer: B

Solution:
Solution:
T 1 = k(l 1 − l 0)
T 2 = k(l 2 − l 0)
T1 l1−l0
=
T2 l2−l0
T 1l 2 − T 2l 1
=l0
T1−T2

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question151
The value of tension in a long thin metal wire has been changed
from T 1 to T 2. The lengths of the metal wire at two different values
of tension T 1 andT 2 are l 1 and l 2 respectively. The actual length of
the metal wire is :
[20 Jul 2021 Shift 1]
Options:

T 1l 2 − T 2l 1
A.
T1−T2

T 1l 1 − T 2l 2
B.
T1−T2

l1+l2
C. 2

D. √T 1T 2l 1l 2

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
Y = FL
AΔL
T 1l 0 T 2l 0
⇒Y = =
A(l 1 − l 0) A(l 2 − l 0)
T (l − l )
1= 1 2 0
T 2(l 1 − l 0)
T 2l 1 − T 2l 0 = T 1l 2 − T 1l 0
(T 1 − T 2)l 0 = T 1l 2 − T 2l 1

l0= ( T Tl
1 2 − T 2l 1
1−T2
)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question152
A stone of mass 20g is projected from a rubber catapult of length
0.1m and area of cross section10−6m2 stretched by an amount 0.04m.
The velocity of the projected stone is __________ m ∕ s
(Young's modulus of rubber = 0.5 × 109N ∕ m2 )
[27 Jul 2021 Shift 1]

Answer: 20

Solution:

Solution:
By energy conservation
1 . Y A . x2 = 1 mv2
2 L 2
−6
0.5 × 10 × 10 × (0.04)2
9
= 20 v2
0.1 1000
2
∴v = 400
v = 20m ∕ s

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question153
The area of cross-section of a railway track is 0.01m2. The
temperature variation is 10°C. Coefficient of linear expansion of
material of track is 10−5 ∕ °C. The energy stored per meter in the
track is _______ J ∕ m.
(Young's modulus of material of track is 1011N m−2 )
[22 Jul 2021 Shift 2]
Answer: 5

Solution:
Solution:
Y 2
Elastic energy = ( strain ) × Area × length
2
Y 2
⇒ Elastic energy per unit length = ( strain) × Area
2
( strain = Δl = αΔT = 10−5 × 10 = 10−4
l )
11
10 −4 −2
= × (10 )2 × 10 = 5J ∕ m
2

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question154
A light cylindrical vessel is kept on a horizontal surface. Area of base
is A. A hole of cross sectional area 'a' is made just at its bottom side.
The minimum coefficient of friction necessary to prevent sliding the
vessel due to the impact force of the emerging liquid is (a < < A) :

[27 Jul 2021 Shift 1]

Options:

A
A.
2a

B. None of these
2a
C.
A

a
D.
A
Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
For no sliding
f ≥ ρav2
µmg ≥ ρav2
µρAhg ≥ ρa2gh
µ ≥ 2a
A
Option (3)

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question155
A raindrop with radius R = 0.2mm falls from a cloud at a height
h = 2000m above the ground.
Assume that the drop is spherical throughout its fall and the force of
buoyance may be neglected, then the terminal speed attained by the
raindrop is :
[Density of water f w = 1000kgm−3 and Density of air
f a = 1.2kgm−3, g = 10m ∕ s2
Coefficient of viscosity of air = 1.8 × 10−5N sm−2 ]
[27 Jul 2021 Shift 2]
Options:

A. 250.6ms−1

B. 43.56ms−1

C. 4.94ms−1

D. 14.4ms−1

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
At terminal speed
a=0
F net = 0
mg = F v = 6πηRv
v= mg
6πηRv
ρw 4π R3g
v= 3
6πηR
2ρwR2g 400
= = m∕s
9η 81
= 4.94m ∕ s

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question156
The water is filled upto height of 12 m in a tank having vertical
sidewalls. A hole is made in one of the walls at a depth 'h' below the
water level. The value of 'h' for which the emerging stream of water
strikes the ground at the maximum range is ___ m.
[27 Jul 2021 Shift 2]

Answer: 6

Solution:
Solution:

R = √2gh ×
√ (12 −gh) × 2
√4h(12 − h) = R
For maximum R
dR =0
dh
⇒h = 6m

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question157
Two spherical soap bubbles of radii r1 and r2 in vacuum combine
under isothermal conditions. The resulting bubble has a radius
equal to :
[25 Jul 2021 Shift 2]
Options:

r1 r2
A.
r1 + r2

B. √r1r2

C. √ r12 + r22
r1 + r2
D. 2

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:

no. of moles is conserved

n1 + n2 = n3
P1V 1 + P2V 2 = P3V

( )
4S 4 πr 3 + 4S 4 πr 3
r1 3 1 r2 3 2 ( ) (
= 4S 4 πr33
r3 3 )
r1 2 + r2 2 = r3 2
r3 = √ r1 2 + r2 2
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question158
Two small drops of mercury each of radius R coalesce to form a
single large drop. The ratio of total surface energy before and after
the change is :
[20 Jul 2021 Shift 2]
Options:

1
A. 23 :1
1
B. 1 : 23

C. 2 : 1

D. 1 : 2

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:

4 πR3 + 4 πR3 = 4 πR3

3 3 3
1
R′ = 2 3 R .......(i)
Ai = 2[4πR2]
Af = 4πR′2
U i Ai 2R2
= = 2 ∕ 3 2 = 21 ∕ 3
U f Af 2 R

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question159
A uniform heavy rod of weight 10 kg ms−2, cross-sectional area
100cm2 and length 20 cm is hanging from a fixed support. Young's
modulus of the material of the rod is 2 × 1011Nm−2. Neglecting the
lateral contraction, find the elongation of rod due to its own weight.
[31 Aug 2021 Shift 1]
Options:

A. 2 × 10−9m

B. 5 × 10−8m

C. 4 × 10−8m

D. 5 × 10−10m

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
Given, weight of rod, w = 10 kg ms−2
Area of cross- section, A = 100cm2 = 100 × 10−4m2
Length of rod, I = 20 cm = 20 × 10−2m

Young's modulus (Y) = 2 × 1011Nm−2

Let, elongation = Δl
dmgx
Since, Young's modulus, Y =
AΔI
md
Mass of element dx at distance x, d m = x
I

⇒ΔI =
( I ) xd x
mg

AY
mg x2 I
⇒ΔI = |
AIY 2 0
2
⇒ΔI = mg I
AIY 2
= mgl = wl
2 AY 2 AY
 10 × 20 × 10−2
=
2 × 100 × 10−4 × 2 × 1011
= 5 × 10−10m

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question160
Section B : Numerical Type Questions
When a rubber ball is taken to a depth of ....... m in deep sea, its
volume decreases by 0.5%. (The bulk modulus of rubber
= 9.8 × 108Nm−2.
Density of sea water = 103 kg m−3 , g = 9.8m ∕ s2)
[31 Aug 2021 Shift 1]

Answer: 500

Solution:

Solution:
0.5
Given, decrease in volume (ΔV ∕ V) = −
100
Bulk modulus of rubber, B = 9.8 × 108Nm−2
Density of sea water, ρ = 103kgm−3
Acceleration due to gravity, g = 9.8ms−2
Let h be the depth at which ball is dipped.
Since, B = Δp
−Δ V
V
where, Δp is change in pressure = ρ gh
ΔV
∴ρ gh = −B
V
1 ΔV
⇒h = − B
ρg V
⇒h = − 3 1
10 × 9.8
× 9.8 × 108 × − 0.5
100 ( )
= 0.5 × 108 − 3 − 2 = 0.5 × 103 = 500m

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question161
Four identical hollow cylindrical columns of mild steel support a big
structure of mass 50 × 103 kg. The inner and outer radii of each
column are 50 cm and 100 cm, respectively. Assuming, uniform local
distribution, calculate the compression strain of each column.
[Use, Y = 2.0 × 1011 Pa, g = 9.8m ∕ s2].
[31 Aug 2021 Shift 2]
Options:

A. 3.60 × 10−8

B. 2.60 × 10−7

C. 1.87 × 10−3

D. 7.07 × 10−4

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
Let inner and outer radii of hollow cylindrical column are r and R, respectively.
Given that, r = 50 cm, R = 100 cm
Mass supported on four columns, M = 50 × 103 kg
M
Mass supported on each column, m =
4
3
50 × 10
⇒m = = 12.5 × 103 kg
4
Now, weight, w = mg = 12.5 × 9.8 × 103N = 1225 × 105N
Area of cross-section of each column
A = π(R2 − r2)
= 3.14{(100)2 − (50)2} × 10−4m2 = 2.35m2
Young's modulus, Y = 2.0 × 1011 Pa
By using Hooke’s law,
Stress = Y × Strain
Stress = W
∴ Compressive strain =
Y AY
Substituting the values, we get
1.225 × 105
Compressive strain = 11
= 2.60 × 10−7
2.35 × 2.0 × 10

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question162
Wires W1 and W2 are made of same material having the breaking
stress of 1.25 × 109N ∕ m2. W1 and W2 have cross-sectional area of
8 × 10−7m2 and 4 × 10−7m2, respectively. Masses of 20 kg and 10 kg
hang from them as shown in the figure. The maximum mass that can
be placed in the pan without breaking the wires is .......... kg.
(Use, g = 10m ∕ s2)

[27 Aug 2021 Shift 2]

Answer: 40

Solution:
Solution:
Given, breaking stress of wires 1 and 2 are σ1 = σ2 = 1.25 × 109N ∕ m2
Cross-sectional area of wire 1 ,
−7
A1 = 8 × 10 m2
Cross-sectional area of wire 2 ,
−7
A2 = 4 × 10 m2
Mass hanging from first wire, m1 = 20kg Mass hanging from second wire,
m2 = 10kg
Acceleration due to gravity, g = 10ms−2
Let m be the maximum mass placed in pan without breaking the wire.
According to free body diagram of given figure,

Tension (T )
Since, stress(σ) =
Area(A)
∴ T 1 = σA1
= 1.25 × 109 × 8 × 10−7
= 10.00 × 102 = 1000N
and T 2 = σA2
−7
= 1.25 × 109 × 4 × 10
= 5.00 × 102 = 500N
By using concept of tension in string
T 2 = (10 + m)g
⇒ 500 = (10 + m)10
⇒ m = 50 − 10 = 40kg

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question163
Two blocks of masses 3 kg and 5 kg are connected by a metal wire
going over a smooth pulley. The breaking stress of the metal is

( ) × 10 Nm
24
π
2 −2
. What is the minimum radius of the wire?
(Take, g = 10ms−2 )

[26 Aug 2021 Shift 2]

Options:
A. 125 cm

B. 1250 cm

C. 12.5 cm

D. 1.25 cm

Answer: C

Solution:
Solution:
24 × 102Nm−2
Given, breaking stress of wire, σ =
π
Free body diagram of 5kg block is given as

where, a is common acceleration.

Value of acceleration due to gravity, g = 10ms−2
From free body diagram of block of mass 5 kg
5g − T = 5a
⇒ 5 × 10 − T = 5a
⇒ 50 − T = 5a ...(i)
Free body diagram of 3 kg block is given as

From free body diagram of block of mass 3 kg,

T − 3g = 3a
⇒ T – 3 ×10 = 3a
⇒ T − 30 = 3a ...(ii)
Add Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
50 − T + T − 30 = 5a + 3a
⇒ 20 = 8a
⇒ a = 2.5ms−2
Substituting the value of a in Eq. (i), we get
50 − T = 5 × 2.5
⇒ T = 37.5 N
Let us assume the minimum radius of wire is r.
The breaking stress is expressed as
σ = T2
πr
24 × 102 = 37.5
π πr2
2 37.5 = 1
⇒r =
24 × 102 64
1 100 cm = 12.5 cm
⇒r= m=
8 8
Thus, the minimum radius of wire should be 12.5 cm.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question164
In Millikan's oil drop experiment, what is viscous force acting on an
uncharged drop of radius 2.0 × 10−5m and density 1.2 × 103kgm−3 ?
Take viscosity of liquid = 1.8 × 10− 5Nsm− 2. (Neglect buoyancy due to
air).
[27 Aug 2021 Shift 1]
Options:

A. 3.8 × 10−11N

B. 3.9 × 10−10N

C. 1.8 × 10−10N

D. 5.8 × 10−10N

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
Given, radius of oil drop, r = 2.0 × 10−5m
Density of oil drop, ρ = 1.2 × 103kgm−3
Viscosity of liquid, η = 1.8 × 10−5Nsm−2
To neglect buoyancy, consider the density of air, ρa = 0
Viscous force acting on drop can be given as
F = 6πη rV ...(i)
Here, v is terminal velocity.
The terminal velocity of drop can be given as
2r2(ρ − ρa)g
v=
9η
−5 2
2 (1.2 × 103 − 0) × 9.8
⇒v = × (2.0 × 10 )
9 × 1.8 × 10−5
= 5.807 × 10−2ms−1
Substituting all values in Eq. (i), we get
F = 6π × 1.8 × 10−5 × 2.0 × 10−5 × 5.807 × 10−2
= 3.94 × 10−10N
≃3.9 × 10−10N

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question165
Two narrow bores of diameter 5.0 mm and 8.0 mm are joined
together to form a U-shaped tube open at both ends. If this U-tube
contains water, what is the difference in the level of two limbs of the
tube.
[Take surface tension of water T = 7.3 × 10−2Nm−1, angle of contact
= 0, g = 10ms−2 and density of water = 1.0 × 103 kg m−3 ]
[26 Aug 2021 Shift 1]
Options:

A. 3.62 mm

B. 2.19 mm

C. 5.34 mm

D. 4.97 mm

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
The given situation can be shown as below.

Points A and B are at same horizontal level.

So, the pressure at A and B will be equal
i.e. pA = pB .... (i)
If p0 is the atmospheric pressure, then from Bernoulli's theorem,

pA = p0 − 2T + (h + y)ρg
rA
2T ρgy
pB = p0 − +
rB
Substituting the value of pA and pB in Eq. (i), we get
p0 − 2T + (h + y)ρg = p0 − 2T + ρgy
rA rB

( ) = ρgy − (h + y)ρg
⇒2T 1 − 1
rB rA

⇒2T ( 1 − 1 ) = −ρgh
r B r A

or2T ( 1 − 1 ) = cg h ...(ii)
r A r B
Here, rA = 2.5 mm = 2.5 × 10−3m,
and T = 7.3 × 10−2N ∕ m,
rB = 4 mm = 4 × 10−3m, g = 10m ∕ s2 and ρ = 1 × 103kgm−3
Substituting the given value in Eq. (ii), we get
2 × 7.3 × 10−2
h= 3 ( 1
1 × 10 × 10 2.5 × 10 −3
− 1
4 × 10−3 )
2 × 7.3 × 10−2 1 1
h= (
10− 3 × 104 2.5 4
− )
h = 2.19 × 10−3m = 2.19 mm

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question166
A soap bubble of radius 3 cm is formed inside the another soap
bubble of radius 6 cm. The radius of an equivalent soap bubble
which has the same excess pressure as inside the smaller bubble with
respect to the atmospheric pressure is .......... cm.
[26 Aug 2021 Shift 1]

Answer: 2

Solution:
Solution:
The given situation is shown below

rA = 6 cm
rB = 3 cm
Excess pressure inside the soap bubble is given by
(Δp)excess = 4S + 4S
rA rB
According to the given question,
4S + 4S = 4S
rA rB Req
⇒1 + 1 = 1
rA rB Req
1 1 1
⇒ + =
6 3 Req
1+2 1
⇒ =
6 Req
⇒ 1 =1
Req 2
⇒Req = 2 cm

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question167
−2
A steel rod with Y = 2.0 × 1011Nm
and α = 105°C−1 of length 4m and area of cross-section 10cm2 is
heated from 0°C to 400°C without being allowed to extend. The
tension produced in the rod is x × 105N, where the value of x is ..........
.
[1 Sep 2021 Shift 2]

Answer: 8

Solution:
Solution:
Given, the Young’s modulus of the steel rod, Y = 2 ×1011 Pa
Thermal coefficient of the steel rod, α = 10−5ºC
The length of the steel rod, I = 4 m
The area of the cross-section, A = 10 cm2
The temperature difference, ΔT = 400°C
As we know that,
Thermal strain = α ΔT
Using the Hooke’s law
F
Thermal stress A
Young's modulus (Y) = =
Thermal strain αΔT
Thermal stress, F = YA α Δ T
Substitute the values in the above equation, we get
F = 2 × 1011 × 10 × 10−4 × 10−5 × (400)
= 8 × 105N
5
Comparing with, F = x × 10 N
The value of the x = 8.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question168
A body of mass m = 10kg is attached to one end of a wire of length
0.3m. The maximum angular speed (in rad s−1 ) with which it can be
rotated about its other end in space station is (Breaking stress of
wire = 4.8 × 107N m−2 and area of cross section of the wire
= 10−2cm2 ) is ______.
[9 Jan 2020 I]
Answer: 4

Solution:

Solution:
Given : Wire length, l = 0.3m
Mass of the body, m = 10kg
Breaking stress σ = 4.8 × 107N m−2
Area of cross-section, a = 10−2cm2
Maximum angular speed ω = ?
T = M l ω2
ml ω2
σ=T =
A A
2
ml ω (48 × 107)A
≤ 48 × 107 ⇒ω2 ≤
A ml
7 −6
(48 × 10 )(10 )
⇒ω2 ≤ = 16 ⇒ωmax = 4 rad ∕ s
10 × 3

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question169
Two steel wires having same length are suspended from a ceiling
under the same load. If the ratio of their energy stored per unit
volume is 1 : 4, the ratio of their diameters is:
[9 Jan 2020 II]
Options:

A. √2 : 1

B. 1: 2

C. 2: 1

D. 1 : √2

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
If force F acts along the length L of the wire of crosssection A, then energy stored in unit volume of
wire is given by
 1
Energy density = stress times strain
2
1 F
= × ×
2 A AY
F F
( ∵ stress = and strain =
A
X
AY )
2 2 2
1 F 1 F × 16 1 F × 16
= = =
2 A2Y 2 (πd 2)2Y 2 πd 4Y

( )
4
u1 d2 d1 ∕ d
If u1 and u2 are the densities of two wires, then = ⇒ = (4)1 4 ⇒ 1 = √2 : 1
u2 d1 d2 d2

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question170
Three containers C1, C2 and C3 have water at different
temperatures. The table below shows the final temperature T when
different amounts of water (given in liters) are taken from each
container and mixed (assume no loss of heat during the process)

The value of θ (in °C to the nearest integer) is______.

[8 Jan. 2020 II]

Answer: 50

Solution:

Solution:
Let Q1, Q2, Q3 be the temperatures of container C1, C2 and C3 respectively.
Using principle of calorimetry in container C1 , we have (θ1 − 60) = 2ms(60 − θ)
⇒θ1 − 60 = 120 − 2θ
⇒θ1 = 180 − 2θ ......(i)
For container C2
ms(θ2 − 30) = 2ms(30 − θ)
⇒θ2 = 90 − 2θ3 .......(ii)
For container C3
2ms(θ1 − 60) = ms(60 − θ)
⇒2θ1 − 120 = 60 − θ
⇒2θ1 + θ = 180
.......(iii)
Also, θ1 + θ2 + θ3 = 3θ ........(iv)
Adding (i), (ii) and (iii)
3θ1 + 3θ2 + 3θ3 = 450
⇒θ1 + θ2 + θ3 = 150
⇒3θ = 150 ⇒ θ = 50°C

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question171
A leak proof cylinder of length 1m, made of a metal which has very
low coefficient of expansion is floating vertically in water at 0°C
such that its height above the water surface is 20cm. When the
temperature of water is increased to 4°C, the height of the cylinder
above the water surface becomes 21cm. The density of water at
T = 4°C, relative to the density at T = 0°C is close to:
[8 Jan 2020 (I)]
Options:

A. 1.26

B. 1.04

C. 1.01

D. 1.03

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question172
Consider a solid sphere of radius R and mass

densityρ(r) = ρ0 1 − ( r2
R2 ) , 0 < r ≤ R. The minimum density of a
liquid in which it will float is:
[8 Jan 2020 (I)]
Options:

ρ
A. 30

ρ
B. 50

2ρ
C. 5 0

2ρ
D. 3 0
Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
For minimum density of liquid, solid sphere has to float (completely immersed) in the liquid.
mg = F B( also V immersed = V total )
or ∫ ρd V = 4 πR3ρl
3

[ ( ) ]
2
ρ(r) = ρ0 1 − r 2 0 < r ≤ R given
R

( ) . r d r = 43πR ρ
R 2
⇒ ∫ ρ04π 1 − r 2 2 3
l
0 R

⇒4πρ [ r − r ] = 4 πR ρ
3 5 R
3
0
3 5R 3 2 l
0
4πρ0R3 2 4 3
× = πR ρl
3 5 3
2ρ
∴ρl = 0
5

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question173

Two liquids of densities ρ1 and ρ2(ρ2 = 2ρ1) are filled up behind a

square wall of side 10m as shown in figure. Each liquid has a height
of 5m. The ratio of the forces due to these liquids exerted on upper
part M N to that at the lower part N O is (Assume that the liquids
are not mixing):
[8 Jan 2020 (II)]
Options:

A. 1 ∕ 3
B. 2 ∕ 3

C. 1 ∕ 2

D. 1 ∕ 4

Answer: D

Solution:
Solution:

Let P1, P2 and P3 be the pressure at points M , N and O respectively.

Pressure is given by P = ρgh
Now, P1 = 0(∵h = 0)
P2 = ρg(5)P3 = ρg(15)
= 15ρg
(P1 + P2)
Force on upper part, F 1 = A
2
(P + P3)
Force on lower part, F 2 = 2 A
2
F
∴ 1 = 5ρg = 5 = 1
F 2 20ρg 20 4

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question174
Water flows in a horizontal tube (see figure). The pressure of water
changes by 700N m−2 between A and B where the area of cross
section are 40cm2 and 20cm2, respectively. Find the rate of flow of
water through the tube. (density of water = 1000kgm−3 )

[9 Jan. 2020 (I)]

Options:
A. 3020cm3 ∕ s

B. 2720cm3 ∕ s

C. 2420cm3 ∕ s

D. 1810cm3 ∕ s

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
According to question, area of cross-section at A aA = 40cm2 and at B, aB = 20cm2
Let velocity of liquid flow at A, = V A and at B, = V B
Using equation of continuity aAV A = aBV B
40V A = 20V B
⇒2V A = V B
Now, using Bernoulli's equation
PA + 1 ρV A2 = PB + 1 ρV B2 ⇒PA − PB = 1 ρ(V B2 − V A2)
2 2 2

( )
2
1 2 VB 3V B2
⇒ΔP = 1000 V B − ⇒ΔP = 500 ×
2 4 4
⇒V B = √
(ΔP) × 4 =
1500 √
(700) × 4 m ∕ s = 1.37 × 102cm ∕ s
1500
Volume flow rate Q = aB × vB
= 20 × 100 × V B = 2732cm3 ∕ s ≈2720cm3 ∕ s

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question175
An ideal fluid flows (laminar flow) through a pipe of nonuniform
diameter. The maximum and minimum diameters of the pipes are
6.4cm and 4.8cm, respectively. The ratio of the minimum and the
maximum velocities of fluid in this pipe is:
[7 Jan. 2020 (II)]
Options:

A. 9
16

√
B. 3
2
C. 3
4

D. 81
256

Answer: A

Solution:
Solution:
From the equation of continuity
A1v1 = A2v2
Here, v1 and v2 are the velocities at two ends of pipe.
A1 and A2 are the area of pipe at two ends
v A π(4.8)2 9
⇒ 1= 2= =
v2 A1 π(6.4)2 16

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question176
A small spherical droplet of density d is floating exactly
halfimmersed in a liquid of density ρ and surface tension T. The
radius of the droplet is (take note that the surface tension applies an
upward force on the droplet):
[9 Jan. 2020 (II)]
Options:

A. r = √ 2T
3(d + ρ)g

B. r = √ T
(d − ρ)g

C. r = √ T
(d + ρ)g

D. r = √ 3T
(2d − ρ)g

Answer: D

Solution:
Solution:
For the drops to be in equilibrium upward force on drop = downward force on drop
T .2πR = 4 πR3d g − 2 πR3ρg
3 3
2 3
⇒T (2πR) = πR (2d − ρ)g
3
2
⇒T = R (2d − ρ)g ⇒R =
3 √
3T
(2d − ρ)g

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question177
A non-isotropic solid metal cube has coefficients of linear expansion
as: 5 × 10–5 ∕ °C along the x-axis and 5 × 10–6 ∕ °C along the y and the
z-axis. If the coefficient of volume expansion of the solid is
C × 10–6 ∕ °C then the value of C is _______.
[NA 7 Jan. 2020 I]

Answer: 60

Solution:

Solution:
Volume, V = Ibh
∴γ = ΔV = Δl + Δb + Δh
V l b h
( γ = coefficient of volume expansion )
⇒γ = 5 × 10−5 + 5 × 10−6 + 5 × 10−6
= 60 × 10−6 ∕ °C
∴ Value of C = 60.00

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question178
M grams of steam at 100°C is mixed with 200 g of ice at its melting
point in a thermally insulated container. If it produces liquid water
at 40°C [heat of vaporization of water is 540 cal/ g and heat of fusion
of ice is 80 cal/g], the value of M is ________.
[NA 7 Jan. 2020 II]
Answer: 40

Solution:

Solution:
Using the principal of calorimetry
M iceLf + mice(40 − 0)Cw
= mstream Lv + mstream (100 − 40)Cw
⇒M (540) + M × 1 × (100 − 40)
= 200 × 80 + 200 × 1 × 40
⇒600M = 24000
⇒M = 40g

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question179
If the potential energy between two molecules is given by
U = − A6 + B12 , then at equilibrium, separation between molecules, and
r r
the potential energy are:
[Sep. 06, 2020 (I)]
Options:

1
( )
2
B 6, A
A. − 2B
2A

1
B. ( )
B 6,
A
0

1
( )
2
2B 6 A
C. A
, − 4B

1
D. ( )
2B 6
A
, − A2
2B

Answer: C

Solution:
Solution:
−A B
Given: U = 6 + 12
r r
For equilibrium,
F = d U = −(A(−6r−7)) + B(−12r−13) = 0
dr
⇒0 = 6A − 12B ⇒ 6A = 16
r 7
r 13 12B r

( )
1∕6
∴ Separation between molecules, r = 2B
A
Potential energy,

( ( ) )
1∕6
U r = 2B = − A + 2B 2
A 2B ∕ A 4B ∕ A
2 2 2
= −A + A = −A
2B 4B 4B

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question180
A hollow spherical shell at outer radius R floats just submerged
under the water surface. The inner radius of the shell is r. If the
specific gravity of the shell material is 27
8
w.r.t water, the value of r is:
[5 Sep. 2020 (I)]
Options:

A. 8 R
9

B. 4 R
9

C. 2 R
3

D. 1 R
3

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
In equilibrium, mg = F e
F B = V ρ0g and mass = volume × density
4 π(R3 − r3 4 3
)ρ0g = πR ρwg
3 3
 ρ0 27
Given, relative density, =
ρw 8

[ ( ) ] 278 ρ
3
⇒ 1− r = ρw
R w
3 3 3
⇒1 − r 3 = 9 ⇒ 1 − 1 = r 3 ⇒ 2 = r 3
R 27 3 R 3 R
3
( )
1∕3
⇒r = 2 ⇒1 − r 3 = 8
R 3 R 27
3
⇒ r 3 = 1 − 8 = 19
R 27 27
∴r = 0.89R = 8 R
9

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question181
An air bubble of radius 1cm in water has an upward acceleration
9.8cms−2. The density of water is 1gm cm−3 and water offers
negligible drag force on the bubble. The mass of the bubble is
(g = 980cm ∕ s2)
[4 Sep. 2020 (I)]
Options:

A. 4.51gm

B. 3.15gm

C. 4.15gm

D. 1.52gm

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
(c) Given:
Radius of air bubble = 1cm ,
Upward acceleration of bubble, a = 9.8cm ∕ s2
ρwater = 1gcm−3
4π 3 4π ×(1)3 = 3
Volume V = r = 4.19cm
3 3
F
F buoyant − mg = ma ⇒m = buoyant
g+a
(V ρωg) V ρω (4.19) × 1 4.19 4.15g
∴m = = = = =
g+a a 9.8 1.01
1+ 1+
g 980

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question182
Two identical cylindrical vessels are kept on the ground and each
contain the same liquid of density d . The area of the base of both
vessels is S but the height of liquid in one vessel is x1 and in the
other, x2. When both cylinders are connected through a pipe of
negligible volume very close to the bottom, the liquid flows from one
vessel to the other until it comes to equilibrium at a new height. The
change in energy of the system in the process is:
[4 Sep. 2020 (II)]
Options:
2 2
A. gd S(x2 + x1 )

B. gd S(x2 + x1)2

C. 3 gd S(x2 − x1)2
4

D. 1 gd S(x2 − x1)2
4

Answer: D

Solution:
Solution:

Initial potential energy,

x x
U 1 = (ρSx1)g . 1 + (ρSx2)g . 2
2 2
Final potential energy,
x
U f = (ρSxf )g . f × 2
2
By volume conservation,
Sx1 + Sx2 = S(2xf )
x +x
xf = 1 2
2
When valve is opened loss in potentail energy occur till water level become same.
ΔU = U i − U f

ΔU = ρSg [( ) −x ]
x12 x22
2
+
2 f
2

= ρSg [ ]
2 2
−(
2 )
2
x x
1 x +x
2 1 2
+
2 2

[ −x x ] =
2 2
ρSg x x
1 2 ρSg 2
= + (x − x )
1 2 1 2
2 2 2 4

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question183
A fluid is flowing through a horizontal pipe of varying crosssection,
with speed vms−1 at a point where the pressure is P Pascal. At
another point where pressure is P2 Pascal its speed is V ms−1. If the
density of the fluid is ρkgm−3 and the flow is streamline, then V is
equal to :
[6 Sep. 2020 (II)]
Options:

A. √ P
ρ
+v
B. √ 2P
ρ
+ v2

C. √ P
2ρ
+ v2

D. √ P
ρ
+ v2

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
Using Bernoulli's equation
P1 + 12ρv12 + ρgh1 = P2 + 1 ρv22 + ρgh2
2
For horizontal pipe, h1 = 0 and h2 = 0 and taking
P1 = P, P2 = P , we get
2
1 2 P 1 2
⇒P + ρv = + ρV
2 2 2
⇒ + ρv = 1 ρV 2
P 1 2
2 2 2
⇒V = v2 + P
√ ρ

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question184
In an experiment to verify Stokes law, a small spherical ball of
radius r and density ρ falls under gravity through a distance h in air
before entering a tank of water. If the terminal velocity of the ball
inside water is same as its velocity just before entering the water
surface, then the value of h is proportional to :
(ignore viscosity of air)
[5 Sep. 2020 (II)]
Options:

A. r4

B. r
C. r3

D. r2

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
Using, v2 − u2 = 2gh
⇒v2 − 02 = 2gh ⇒ v = √2gh
Terminal velocity,
2
(ρ σ)g
V T = 2r −
9 η
2 r2(ρ − σ)g
After falling through h the velocity should be equal to terminal velocity∴√2gh =
9 η
4 2 2
⇒2gh = 4 r g (ρ2− σ)
81 η
2r4g(ρ − σ)2
⇒h = 2
⇒ h ∝ r4
81eta

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question185
When a long glass capillary tube of radius 0.015cm is dipped in a
liquid, the liquid rises to a height of 15cm within it. If the contact
angle between the liquid and glass to close to 0°, the surface tension
of the liquid, in milli Newton m−1, is
[ρ(liquid) = 900kgm−3, g = 10ms−2]
(Give answer in closest integer) _______.
[NA 3 Sep. 2020 (I)]

Answer: 101

Solution:
Solution:
Given : Radius of capillary tube,
r = 0.015cm = 15 × 10−5mm
h = 15cm = 15 × 10−2mm
2T cos θ [cos θ = cos 0° = 1]
Using, h =
ρgr
Surface tension,
15 × 10−5 × 15 × 10−2 × 900 × 10
T = rhρg = = 101 milli newton m−1
2 2

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question186
Pressure inside two soap bubbles are 1.01 and 1.02 atmosphere,
respectively. The ratio of their volumes is :
[3 Sep. 2020 (I)]
Options:

A. 4 : 1

B. 0.8 : 1

C. 8 : 1

D. 2 : 1

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
According to question, pressure inside, 1 st soap bubble,
ΔP1 = P1 − P0 = 0.01 = 4T ......(i)
R1
And ΔP2 = P2 − P0 = 0.02 = 4T .......(ii)
R2
Dividing, equation (ii) by (i),
1 = R2 ⇒ R = 2R
2 R1 1 2

4
Volume V = ≤ πR3
3
3
V R 8R 3
∴ 1 = 13 = 23 = 8
V2 R R 1
2 2

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question187
A capillary tube made of glass of radius 0.15mm is dipped vertically
in a beaker filled with methylene iodide (surface tension
= 0.05N m−1 , density left. = 667kgm−3 ) which rises to height h in the
tube . It is observed that the two tangents drawn from liquid-glass
interfaces (from opp. sides of the capillary) make an angle of 60°
with one another. Then h is close to (g = 10ms−2).
[2 Sep. 2020 (II)]
Options:

A. 0.049m

B. 0.087m

C. 0.137m

D. 0.172m

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
Given, Angle of contact θ = 30°
Surface tension, T = 0.05N m−1
Radius of capillary tube, r = 0.15mm = 0.15 × 10−3m
Density of methylene iodide, ρ = 667kgm−3

2T cos θ
Capillaryrise, h =
ρgr
√
2 × 0.05 × 3
2
= = 0.087m
667 × 10 × 0.15 × 10−3

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question188
Two different wires having lengths L1 and L2 , and respective
temperature coefficient of linear expansion α1 and α2, are joined
end-to-end. Then the effective temperature coefficient of linear
expansion is :
[Sep. 05,2020 (II)]
Options:

α1L1 + α2L2
A.
L1 + L2

B. 2√α1α2

α1 + α2
C. 2

α1α2 L2L1
D. 4
α1 + α2 (L + L )2
2 1

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
Let L′1 and L′2 be the lengths of the wire when temperature is changed by ΔT °C.
At T °CLeq = L1 + L2
At T + Δ°C
Leq′ = L1′ + L2′
∴Leq(1 + αeqΔT ) = L1(1 + α1ΔT ) +L2(1 + α2ΔT ) ∵ L′ = L(1 + αΔT ) ]
⇒(L1 + L2)(1 + αeqΔT ) = L1 + L2 +L1α1ΔT + L2α2ΔT
α L +α L
⇒αeq = 1 1 2 2
L1 + L2

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question189
A bakelite beaker has volume capacity of 500cc at 30°C. When it is
partially filled with V m volume (at 30°C ) of mercury, it is found
that the unfilled volume of the beaker remains constant as
−6 −1
temperature is varied. If γ( beaker) = 6× 10 °C and
γ(mercury ) = 1.5 × 10−4°C−1 , where gamma is the coefficient of volume
expansion, then V m (in cc) is close to __________.
[NA Sep. 03,2020 (I)]

Answer: 20

Solution:
Solution:
Volume capacity of beaker, V 0 = 500cc
V b = V 0 + V 0γbeakerΔT
When beaker is partially filled with V m volume of mercury,
V b1 = V m + V mγmΔT
Unfilled volume (V 0 − V m) = (V b − V m1)
⇒V 0γbeaker = V mγM
V γ
∴V m = 0 beaker
γM
500 × 6 × 10−6
or, V m = = 20cc.
1.5 × 10−4

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question190
When the temperature of a metal wire is increased from 0°C to
10°C, its length increased by 0.02%. The percentage change in its
mass density will be closest to :
[Sep. 02, 2020 (II)]
Options:

A. 0.06

B. 2.3

C. 0.008

D. 0.8

Answer: A
Solution:
Solution:
Change in length of the metal wire (Δl ) when its temperature is changed by ΔT is given by
Δl = l αΔT
Here, α = Coefficient of linear expansion
Here, Δl = 0.02%, ΔT = 10°C
Δl 0.02
∴α = =
l ΔT 100 × 10
⇒α = 2 × 10−5
Volume coefficient of expansion, γ = 3α = 6 × 10−5
∵ρ = M
V
ΔV × 100 = −5 −2
γΔT = (6 × 10 × 10 × 100) = 6 × 10
V
Volume increase by 0.06% therefore density decrease by 0.06%.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question191
Three rods of identical cross-section and lengths are made of three
different materials of thermal conductivity K 1, K 2 and K 3,
respectively. They are joined together at their ends to make a long
rod (see figure). One end of the long rod is maintained at 100°C and
the other at 0°C (see figure). If the joints of the rod are at 70°C and
20°C in steady state and there is no loss of energy from the surface
of the rod, the correct relationship between K 1, K 2 and K 3 is:

[Sep. 06, 2020 (II)]

Options:

A. K 1 : K 3 = 2 : 3, K 1 < K 3 = 2 : 5

B. K 1 < K 2 < K 3

C. K 1 : K 2 = 5 : 2, K 1 : K 3 = 3 : 5

D. K 1 > K 2 > K 3
Answer: A

Solution:
Solution:
As the rods are identical, so they have same length (l) and area of cross-section (A). They are
connected in series.
So, heat current will be same for all rods.
Heat current = ΔQ ( )
Δt AB
= ΔQ
Δt BC( ) = ΔQ
Δt CD ( )
(100 − 70)K 1A (70 − 20)K 2A (20 − 0)K 3A
⇒ = =
l l l
⇒K 1(100 − 70) = K 2(70 − 20) = K 3(20 − 0)
⇒K 1(30) = K 2(50) = K 3(20)
K K K
⇒ 1= 2= 3
10 6 15
⇒K 1 : K 2 : K 3 = 10 : 6 : 15
⇒K 1 : K 3 = 2 : 3

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question192
A bullet of mass 5 g, travelling with a speed of 210 m/s, strikes a
fixed wooden target. One half of its kinetics energy is converted into
heat in the bullet while the other half is converted into heat in the
wood. The rise of temperature of the bullet if the specific heat of its
material is 0.030 cal/(g – ºC) (1 cal = 4.2 × 107 ergs) close to :
[Sep. 05, 2020 (I)]
Options:

A. 87.5ºC

B. 83.3ºC

C. 119.2ºC

D. 38.4ºC

Answer: A

Solution:
Solution:
According to question, one half of its kinetic energy is converted into heat in the wood.
1 mv2 × 1 =
msΔT
2 2
2
⇒ΔT = v = 210 × 210 = 87.5°C
4 × s 4 × 4.2 × 0.3 × 1000

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question193
The specific heat of water = 4200J kg−1K −1 and the latent heat of
ice = 3.4 × 105J kg−1.100 grams of ice at 0°C is placed in 200g of
water at 25°C. The amount of ice that will melt as the temperature
of water reaches 0°C is close to (in grams):
[Sep. 04, 2020 (I)]
Options:

A. 61.7

B. 63.8

C. 69.3

D. 64.6

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
Here ice melts due to water.
Let the amount of ice melts = mice
mwswΔθ = mice Lice
m s Δθ
∴mice = w w
Lice
= 0.2 × 4200 ×5 25 = 0.0617kg = 61.7g
3.4 × 10

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question194
A calorimter of water equivalent 20g contains 180g of water at 25°C.
' m ' grams of steam at 100°C is mixed in it till the temperature of
the mixture is 31° ∕ C. The value of ' m ' is close to (Latent heat of
water = 540 cal g−1, specific heat of water = 1 cal g−1°C−1 )
[Sep. 03, 2020 (II)]
Options:

A. 2

B. 4

C. 3.2

D. 2.6

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
Heat given by water = mwCw(T mix − T w)
= 200 × 1 × (31 − 25)
Heat taken by steam = mLstem + mCw(T s − T mix )
= m × 540 + m(1) × (100 − 31)
= m × 540 + m(1) × (69)
From the principal of calorimeter,
Heat lost = Heat gained
∴(200)(31 − 25) = m × 540 +m(1)(69)
⇒1200 = m(609) ⇒ m ≈ 2

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question195
A metallic sphere cools from 50°C to 40°C in 300 s. If atmospheric
temperature around is 20°C, then the sphere's temperature after the
next 5 minutes will be close to :
[Sep. 03, 2020 (II)]
Options:

A. 31°C

B. 33°C

C. 28°C
D. 35°C

Answer: B

Solution:
Solution:
From Newton's Law of cooling,

T 1 − T 2t = K
2
[
T1+T2
−T0 ]
Here ,T 1 = 50°C, T 2 = 40°C
an d T o = 20°C, t = 600S = 5 minutes

⇒
50 − 40
5 Min
=K
2 (
50 + 40
)
− 20 .......(i)
Let T be the temperature of sphere after next 5 minutes.
Then

( )
40 − T = K 40 + T − 20 ......(ii)
5 2
Dividing eqn. (ii) by (i), we get
40 − T = 40 + T − 40 = T
10 50 + 40 − 40 50
⇒40 − T = T ⇒ 200 − 5T = T
5
∴T = 200 = 33.3°C
6

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question196
A load of mass M kg is suspended from a steel wire of length 2m and
radius 1.0mm in Searle's apparatus experiment. The increase in
length produced in the wire is 4.0mm. Now the load is fully
immersed in a liquid of relative density 2 . The relative density of the
material of load is 8 . The new value of increase in length of the steel
wire is :
[12 Jan. 2019 (II)]
Options:

A. 3.0mm

B. 4.0mm

C. 5.0mm

D. Zero
Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
F Δl
Using = Y .
A l

⇒Δl propto F ......(i)

T =Mg
T = M g − f B = M g − M . ρl . g
ρb

= ( 1 − ρρ ) M g = ( 1 − 28 ) M g
l

T = 3M g
4
From eqn (i)
Δl′ = T ′ = 3
Δl T 4 [
Given: Δl = 4mm ]

∴Δl′ = 3 . Δl = 3 × 4 = 3mm
4 4

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question197
A soap bubble, blown by a mechanical pump at the mouth of a tube,
increases in volume, with time, at a constant rate. The graph that
correctly depicts the time dependence of pressure inside the bubble
is given by:
[12 Jan. 2019 (II)]
Options:

A.
B.

C.

D.

Answer: D

Solution:
Solution:
V = ct or , 4 πr3 = ct
3
1
⇒r = kt 3
 4T
P = P0 +
kt1 ∕ 3

( )
P = P0 + c 11∕ 3
t

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question198
A liquid of density ρ is coming out of a hose pipe of radius a with
horizontal speed v and hits a mesh. 50% of the liquid passes through
the mesh unaffected. 25% looses all of its momentum and 25%
comes back with the
[11 Jan. 2019 (I)]
Options:

A. 1 ρv2
4

B. 3 ρv2
4

C. 1 ρv2
2

D. ρv2

Answer: B

Solution:
Solution:
Mass per unit time of the liquid = ρav
Momentum per second carried by liquid = \ρav ×v
Net force due to bounced back liquid,

[
F 1 = 2 × 1 ρav2
4 ]
1 2
Net force due to stopped liquid, F 2 = ρav
4
Total force,
F = F 1 + F 2 = 1 ρav2 + 1 ρav2 = 3 ρav2
2 4 4
3 2
Net pressure = ρv
4

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question199
Water flows into a large tank with flat bottom at the rate of
10−4m3s−(1) Water is also leaking out of a hole of area 1cm2 at its
bottom. If the height of the water in the tank remains steady, then
this height is:
[10 Jan. 2019 I]
Options:

A. 5.1cm

B. 7cm

C. 4cm

D. 9cm

Answer: A

Solution:
Solution:

Since height of water column is constant therefore, water inflow rate (Qin)
= water outflow rate
Qin = 10−4m3s−1
Qout = Au = 10−4 × √2gh
∴104 = 10−4 × √20 × h
∴h = 1 m = 5cm
20

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question200
The top of a water tank is open to air and its water lavel is
maintained. It is giving out 0.74m3 water per minute through a
circular opening of 2 cm radius in its wall. The depth of the centre of
the opening from the level of water in the tank is close to:
[9 Jan. 2019 (II)]
Options:

A. 6.0 m

B. 4.8 m

C. 9.6 m

D. 2.9 m

Answer: B

Solution:
Solution:
Here, volume tric flow rate
= 0.74 = πr2v = (π × 4 × 10−4) ×√2gh
60
⇒√2gh = 74 × 100 ⇒√2gh = 740
240π 24π
⇒2gh = 740 × 740 2
(∵π = 10)
24 × 24 × 10
⇒h = 74 × 74 ≈ 4.8m
2 × 24 × 24
i.e., The depth of the centre of the opening from the level of water in the tank is close to 4.8 m

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question201
Two rods A and B of identical dimensions are at temperature 30°C.
If A is heated upto 180°C and B upto T°C, then the new lengths are
the same. If the ratio of the coefficients of linear expansion of A and
B is 4 : 3, then the value of T is :
[11 Jan. 2019 II]
Options:
A. 230°C

B. 270°C

C. 200°C

D. 250°C

Answer: A

Solution:
Solution:
Change in length in both rods are same i.e.
Δl1 = Δl2
lα1Δθ1 = lα2Δθ2
α1 Δθ2
=
α2 Δθ1 [ ∵
α1 4
=
α2 3 ]
4 = θ − 30
3 180 − 30
[θ = 230°C]

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question202
A thermometer graduated according to a linear scale reads a value
x0 when in contact with boiling water, and x0 ∕ 3 when in contact with
ice. What is the temperature of an object in °C, if this thermometer
in the contact with the object reads x0 ∕ 2?
[11 Jan. 2019 II]
Options:

A. 25

B. 60

C. 40

D. 35

Answer: A

Solution:
Solution:
Let required temperature = T°C

x0 x0 x0
⇒T °C = − =
2 3 6

( x
)
& x0 − 0 = (100 − 0°C)
3
2x
⇒ 0 = 100 ⇒ x0 = 300
3 2
x0 150
⇒T °C = = = 25°C
6 6

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question203
A rod, of length L at room temperature and uniform area of cross
section A, is made of a metal having coefficient of linear expansion
α ∕ °C. It is observed that an external compressive force F , is applied
on each of its ends, prevents any change in the length of the rod,
when its temperature rises by ΔT K . Young's modulus, Y , for this
metal is:
[9 Jan. 2019 I]
Options:

F
A.
AαΔT

F
B.
Aα(ΔT − 273)

F
C.
2AαΔT

D. 2F
AαΔT
Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
stress = F ∕ A
Young's modulus Y =
strain A(Δl ∕ l)
Using, coefficient of linear expansion,
Δl ⇒ Δl =
α= αΔT
lΔT l
∴Y = F
A(αΔT )

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question204
A cylinder of radius R is surrounded by a cylindrical shell of inner
radius R and outer radius 2R. The thermal conductivity of the
material of the inner cylinder is K 1 and that of the outer cylinder is
K 2. Assuming no loss of heat, the effective thermal conductivity of
the system for heat flowing along the length of the cylinder is:
[12 Jan. 2019 I]
Options:

K1+K2
A. 2

B. K 1 + K 2

2K 1 + 3K 2
C. 5

K 1 + 3K 2
D. 4

Answer: D

Solution:
Solution:

Effective thermal conductivity of system

K A + K 2A2
K eq = 1 1
A1 + A2
K 1πR2 + K 2[π(2R)2 − πR2]
=
π(2R)2
K 1(πR2) + K 2(3πR2) K 1 + 3K 2
= 2
=
4πR 4

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question205
Ice at –20°C is added to 50 g of water at 40°C, When the
temperature of the mixture reaches 0°C, it is found that 20 g of ice is
still unmelted. The amount of ice added to the water was close to
(Specific heat of water = 4.2J/g/°C
Specific heat of Ice = 2.1 J/g/°C
Heat of fusion of water at 0°C = 334J/g)
[11 Jan. 2019 I]
Options:

A. 50g

B. 100 g

C. 60 g

D. 40 g

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
Let m gram of ice is added.
From principal of calorimeter
heat gained (by ice) = heat lost (by water)
∴20 × 2.1 × m + (m − 20) × 334
= 50 × 4.2 × 40
376m = 8400 + 6680
m = 40.1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question206
When 100 g of a liquid A at 100°C is added to 50 g of a liquid B at
temperature 75°C, the temperature of the mixture becomes 90°C.
The temperature of the mixture, if 100 g of liquid A at 100°C is
added to 50 g of liquid B at 50°C, will be :
[11 Jan. 2019 II]
Options:

A. 85°C

B. 60°C

C. 80°C

D. 70°C

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
Heat loss = Heat gain = mSΔθ
So, mASAΔθA = mBSBΔθB
⇒100 × SA × (100 − 90) = 50 × SB × (90 − 75)
3
2SA = 1.5SB ⇒ SA = SB
4
Now, 100 × SA × (100 − θ) = 50 × SB × (θ − 50)

2× ( 34 ) × (100 − θ) = (θ − 50)
300 − 3θ = 2θ − 100
400 = 5θ ⇒ θ = 80°C

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question207
A metal ball of mass 0.1 kg is heated upto 500°C and dropped into a
vessel of heat capacity 800 JK–1 and containing 0.5 kg water. The
initial temperature of water and vessel is 30°C. What is the
approximate percentage increment in the temperature of the water?
[Specific Heat Capacities of water and metal are, respectively, 4200
Jkg–1K–1 and 400 Jkg–1 K–1 ]
[11 Jan. 2019 II]
Options:

A. 15%

B. 30%

C. 25%

D. 20%

Answer: D

Solution:
Solution:
Assume final temperature = T °C
Heat lass = Heat gain = msΔT
⇒mBsBΔT B = mwswΔT w
0.1 × 400 × (500 − T )
= 0.5 × 4200 × (T − 30) +800(T − 30)
⇒40(500 − T ) = (T − 30) (2100 + 800)
⇒20000 − 40T = 2900T − 30 ×2900
⇒20000 + 30 × 2900 = T (2940)
T = 30.4°C
ΔT × 100 = 6.4 × 100 =
21%
T 30
so the closest answer is 20%.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question208
A heat source at T = 103K is connected to another heat reservoir at
T = 102K by a copper slab which is 1m thick. Given that the
thermal conductivity of copper is 0.1W K − 1m− 1, the energy flux
through it in the steady state is:
[10 Jan. 2019 I]
Options:

A. 90W m−2

B. 120W m−2

C. 65W m−2

D. 200W m−2

Answer: A

Solution:
Solution:

( ddQt ) = kAΔT
l

A dt ( )
Energy flux, 1 d Q = kΔT
l
= (0.1)(900) = 90W ∕ m2
1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question209
An unknown metal of mass 192 g heated to a temperature of 100°C
was immersed into a brass calorimeter of mass 128 g containing 240
g of water at a temperature of 8.4°C.Calculate the specific heat of
the unknown metal if water temperature stablizes at 21.5°C.
(Specific heat of brass is 394J kg−1K −1 )
[10 Jan. 2019 II]
Options:
1 1
A. 458J kg− K −
B. 1232J kg−1K −1

C. 916J kg−1K −1

D. 654J kg−1K −1

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
Let specific heat of unknown metal be ‘s’ According to principle of calorimetry, Heat lost
= Heat gain m × sΔθ = m1sbrass (Δθ1 + m2Swater + Δθ2)
⇒192 × S × (100 − 21.5)
= 128 × 394 × (21.5 − 8.4)
Solving we get, +240 × 4200 × (21.5 − 8.4)
S = 916J kg−1k−1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question210
Temperature difference of 120°C is maintained between two ends of
a uniform rod AB of length 2L. Another bent rod PQ, of same cross-
section as AB and length 3L
2
, is connected across AB (See figure). In
steady state, temperature difference between P and Q will be close
to:

[9 Jan. 2019 I]
Options:

A. 45°C

B. 75°C

C. 60°C

D. 35°C
Answer: A

Solution:
Solution:
ΔT AB 120 120 × 5
= =
RAB 85R 8R

In steady state temperature difference between P and Q,

120 × 5 × 3 R = 360 =
ΔT PQ = 45°C
8R 5 8

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question211
A uniform cylindrical rod of length L and radius r, is made from a
material whose Young’s modulus of Elasticity equals Y. When this
rod is heated by temperature T and simultaneously subjected to a
net longitudinal compressional force F, its length remains
unchanged. The coefficient of volume expansion, of the material of
the rod, is (nearly) equal to :
[12 April 2019 II]
Options:

A. 9F ∕ (πr2Y T )

B. 6F ∕ (πr2Y T )

C. 3F ∕ (πr2Y T )

D. F ∕ (3πr2Y T )

Answer: C

Solution:
Solution:
Δtemp = Δforce
F L ∴α = F L = F
or Lα(ΔT ) =
AY AY T πr2Y T
Coefficient of volume expression
r = 3α = 3F .
πr2Y T

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question212
In an environment, brass and steel wires of length 1m each with
areas of cross section 1mm2 are used. The wires are connected in
series and one end of the combined wire is connected to a rigid
support and other end is subjected to elongation. The stress required
to produce a net elongation of 0.2mm is,
[Given, the Young's modulus for steel and brass are, respectively,
120 × 109N ∕ m2 and 60 × 109N m2]
[10 April 2019 II]
Options:

A. 1.2 × 106N ∕ m2

B. 4.0 × 106N ∕ m2

C. 1.8 × 106N ∕ m2

D. 8 × 106N ∕ m2

Answer: D

Solution:
Solution:

Stress
Young modulus, Y =
( )
Δl
L
Let σ be the stress
 σL1 σL2
Total elongation Δl net = +
Y1 Y2

Δl net = σ [ Y1 + Y1 ] [∵L = L = 1m]

1 2
1 2

σ = Δl ( YY +YY )
1
1 2

( )
= 0.2 × 10−3 × 120 × 60 × 109 = 8 × 106 N2
180 m

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question213
The elastic limit of brass is 379 MPa. What should be the minimum
diameter of a brass rod if it is to support a 400 N load without
exceeding its elastic limit?
[10 April 2019 II]
Options:

A. 1.00 mm

B. 1.16 mm

C. 0.90 mm

D. 1.36 mm

Answer: B

Solution:
Solution:
F 400 × 4 = 6 2
Stress = = 379 × 10 N ∕ m
A πd 2

⇒d = 400 × 4379 × 106π

2

d = 1.15mm

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question214
A steel wire having a radius of 2.0mm, carrying a load of 4kg, is
hanging from a ceiling. Given that g = 3.1Ams−2, what will be the
tensile stress that would be developed in the wire?
[9 April 2019 I]
Options:

A. 6.2 × 106N m−2

B. 5.2 × 106N m−2

C. 3.1 × 106N m−2

D. 4.8 × 106N m−2

Answer: C

Solution:
Solution:
Given,
Radius of wire, r = 2mm
Mass of the load m = 4kg
F mg
Stress = =
A π(r)2
= 4 × 3.1π = 3.1 × 106N ∕ m2
−3 2
π × (2 × 10 )

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question215
A steel wire having a radius of 2.0mm, carrying a load of 4kg, is
hanging from a ceiling. Given that g = 3.1Ams− 2, what will be the
tensile stress that would be developed in the wire?
[8 April 2019 I]
Options:

A. 6.2 × 106N m−2

B. 5.2 × 106N m−2

C. 3.1 × 106N m−2

D. 4.8 × 106N m−2

Answer: C

Solution:
Solution:
Given,
Radius of wire, r = 2mm
Mass of the load m = 4kg
F mg = 4 × 3.1π = 3.1 × 106N ∕ m2
Stress = =
A π(r) 2 −3
π × (2 × 10 ) 2

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question216
Young’s moduli of two wires A and B are in the ratio 7 : 4.
Wire A is 2 m long and has radius R. Wire B is 1.5 m long and has
radius 2 mm. If the two wires stretch by the same length for a given
load, then the value of R is close to :
[8 April 2019 II]
Options:

A. 1.5 mm

B. 1.9 mm

C. 1.7 mm

D. 1.3 mm

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
Δ1 = Δ2
Fl1 Fl2
or 2
= 2
or 22 = 21.5
πr1 y1 πr2 y2 R ×7 2 ×4
∴R = 1.75mm

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question217
A boy’s catapult is made of rubber cord which is 42 cm long, with 6
mm diameter of cross-section and of negligible mass. The boy keeps
a stone weighing 0.02 kg on it and stretches the cord by 20 cm by
applying a constant force.
When released, the stone flies off with a velocity of 20 ms–1 . Neglect
the change in the area of cross-section of the cord while stretched.
The Young’s modulus of rubber is closest to :
[8 April 2019 I]
Options:

A. 106N ∕ m−2

B. 104N ∕ m−2
8 2
C. 10 N ∕ m−

D. 103N ∕ m−2

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
When a catapult is stretched up to length l , then the stored energy in it = Δk . E ⇒
mv2L
1 YA
2
. ( L ) 1
(ΔI )2 = mv2 ⇒ y =
2 Δ(Δl )2
m = 0.02kg
1
v = 20ms−
L = 0.42m
A = (πd 2) ∕ (4)
−3
d = 6 × 10 m
Δl = 0.2m
y = 0.02 × 400 ×−60.42 × 4 = 2.3 × 106N ∕ m2
π × 36 × 10 × 0.04
So, order is 106.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question218
A cubical block of side 0.5m floats on water with 30% of its volume
under water. What is the maximum weight that can be put on the
block without fully submerging it under water? [Take, density of
water left. = 103kg ∕ m3 ]
[10 April 2019(II)]
Options:

A. 46.3kg

B. 87.5kg

C. 65.4kg

D. 30.1kg

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
When a body floats then the weight of the body =upthrust
∴(50)3 × 30 × (1) × g = M cube g
100
Let m mass should be placed, then
(50)3 × (1) × g = (M cube + m)g ......(ii)
Subtracting equation (i) from equation (ii), we get
⇒mg = (50)3 × g(1 − 0.3) = 125 × 0.7 × 103g
⇒m = 87.5kg

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question219
A submarine experiences a pressure of 5.05 × 106Pa at depth of d 1 in
a sea. When it goes further to a depth of d 2, it experiences a
pressure of 8.08 times 106 Pa. Then d 1 − d 1 is approximately (density
of water = 103kg ∕ m3 and acceleration due to gravity = 10ms−2 ):
[10 April 2019 (II)]
Options:

A. 300m

B. 400m

C. 600m
D. 500m

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
P1 = P0 + ρgd 1
P2 = P0 + ρgd 2
ΔP = P2 − P1 = ρgΔd
3.03 × 106 = 103 × 10 × Δd
⇒Δd ≃ 300m

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question220
A wooden block floating in a bucket of water has 45 of its volume
submerged. When certain amount of an oil poured into the bucket, it
is found that the block is just under the oil surface with half of its
volume under water and half in oil. The density of oil relative to that
of water is:
[9 April 2019 (II)]
Options:

A. 0.5

B. 0.8

C. 0.6

D. 0.7

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:

( )
M g = 4V ρωg
5
or ( )
M = 4ρω
V 5
or ρ =
4ρω
5
When block floats fully in water and oil, then
Mg=Fb +Fb
1 2
 ( )
(ρV )g = V ρoilg + V ρωg
2 2
3
or ρoil = ρω = 0.6ρω
5

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question221
Water from a tap emerges vertically downwards with an initial
−1 −4
speed of 1.0ms . The cross-sectional area of the tap is 10 m2.
Assume that the pressure is constant throughout the stream of water
and that the flow is streamlined. The cross-sectional area of the
stream, 0.15m below the tap would be : [Take g = 10ms−2 )]
[10 April 2019 (II)]
Options:

A. 2 × 10−5m2

B. 5 × 10−5m2

C. 5 × 10−4m2

D. 1 × 10−5m2

Answer: B

Solution:
Solution:
Using Bernoullie’s equation
1 2 2
P + (v1 − v2 ) + ρgh = P
2
⇒v22 = v12 + 2gh
2
⇒v2 = √ v1 + 2gh
Equation of continuity
A1v1 = A2v2

(1cm2)(1m ∕ s) = (A2) ( √ (1) + 2 × 10 × 100

2 15
)
10− 4 × 1 = A2 × 2
−4
∴A2 = 10 = 5 × 10−5m2
2

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question222
Water from a pipe is coming at a rate of 100 liters per minute. If the
radius of the pipe is 5cm, the Reynolds number for the flow is of the
order of: ( density of water = 1000kg ∕ m3 , coefficient of viscosity of
water = 1mPas )
[8 April 2019 I]
Options:

A. 103

B. 104
2
C. 10

D. 106

Answer: B

Solution:
Solution:
Rate of flow of water (V ) = 100 lit / min
3
100 × 10− 5
= × × 10−3m3
60 3
V 5 × 10−3
∴ Velocity of flow of water (v) = =
A 3 × (5 × 10−2)2
= 10 = 2 m ∕ s
15π 3π
= 0.2m ∕ s
Dvρ
∴ Reynold number (N R) =
η
(10 × 10−2) × 2 × 1000
= 3π = 2 × 104
1
4
Order of N R = 10

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question223
A solid sphere, of radius R acquires a terminal velocity v when
falling (due to gravity) through a viscous fluid having a coefficient of
viscosity η. The sphere is broken into 27 identical solid spheres. If
each of these spheres acquires a terminal velocity, v2 , when falling
through the same fluid, the ratio (v1 ∕ v2) equals:
[12 April 2019 (II)]
Options:

A. 9

B. 1/27

C. 1/9

D. 27

Answer: A

Solution:
Solution:
4 3 4 3
27 × πr = πr
3 3
or r = R . 3.
Terminal velocity, v ∝ r2
v r2
∴ 1 = 12
v2 r
2

( )
2
r2
( ) v = 19
2
or v2 = v1 = R ∕ 3 1
r1 R
v1
or =9
v2

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question224
The ratio of surface tensions of mercury and water is given to be 7.5
while the ratio of their densities is 13.6 . Their contact angles, with
glass, are close to 135° and 0°, respectively. It is observed that
mercury gets depressed by an amount h in a capillary tube of radius
r1, while water rises by the same amount h in a capillary tube of
radius r2. The ratio, (r1 ∕ r2), is then close to :
[April 2019 (I)]
Options:

A. 4 ∕ 5

B. 2 ∕ 5

C. 3 ∕ 5

D. 2 ∕ 3

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
As we know that
2T cos θ = R
rρg h

T Hg
= 7.5
T Water
ρH g cos θH g cos 135° 1
= 13.6 & = =
ρW cos θW cos 0° √2
RH g
RWater
= ( )( ) (
T Hg
TW
ρW
ρH g
cos θH g
cos θW )
= 7.5 × 1 × 1 = 0.4 = 2
13.6 √2 5

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question225
If ' M ' is the mass of water that rises in a capillary tube of radius
'r', then mass of water which will rise in a capillary tube of radius
'2r' is:
[9 April 2019 I]
Options:

A. M

B. M
2

C. 4M

D. 2M
Answer: D

Solution:
Solution:
2T cos θ
We have, h =
rρg
Mass of the water in the capillary
2 2 2T cos θ
m = ρV = ρ × πr h = ρ × πr ×
rρg
⇒m ∝ r
m
∴ 1= r
m2 2r
or m2 = 2m1 = 2m

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question226
At 40°C, a brass wire of 1 mm radius is hung from the ceiling. A
small mass, M is hung from the free end of the wire. When the wire
is cooled down from 40°C to 20°C it regains its original length of 0.2
m. The value of M is close to:
(Coefficient of linear expansion and Young's modulus of brass are
10−5 ∕ °C and 1011N ∕ m2, respectively ;g = 10ms−2 )
[12 April 2019 I]
Options:

A. 9 kg

B. 6.28 kg

C. 1.5 kg

D. 0.9 kg

Answer: B

Solution:
Solution:
Δtemp = Δload and A = πr2 = π(10−3)2 = π × 10−6
L ∝ ΔT = F L
AY
 −5 F × 0.2
or 0.2 × 10 × 20 =
(π × 10−6) × 1011
F = 20πN ∴ m = f = 2π = 6.28kg
g

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question227
When M 1 gram of ice at −10°C (Specific heat = 0.5 cal g−10C−1 ) is
added to M 2 gram of water at 50°C, finally no ice is left and the
water is at 0°C. The value of latent heat of ice, in cal g−1 is:
[12 April 2019 I]
Options:

50M 2
A. −5
M1

5M
B. M 1 − 50
2

50M 2
C.
M1

5M 2
D. −5
M1

Answer: A

Solution:
Solution:
M 1Cice × (10) + M 1L = M 2Cω(50)
or M 1 × Cice( = 0.5) × 10 + M 1L = M 2 × 1 × 50
50M 2
⇒L = −5
M1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question228
A massless spring (K = 800N ∕ m), attached with a mass (500g) is
completely immersed in 1kg of water. The spring is stretched by 2cm
and released so that it starts vibrating. What would be the order of
magnitude of the change in the temperature of water when the
vibrations stop completely? (Assume that the water container and
spring receive negligible heat and specific heat of mass = 400J ∕ kgK
specific heat of water = 4184J ∕ kgK )
[9 April 2019 II]
Options:
4
A. 10− K

B. 10−5K

C. 10−1K

D. 10−3K

Answer: B

Solution:
Solution:
1 . kx2 =
mC(ΔT ) + mωCωΔT
2
1 2
or × 800 × 0.02 = 0.5 × 400 ×ΔT + 1 × 4184 × ΔT
2
∴ΔT = 1 × 10−5K

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question229
Two materials having coefficients of thermal conductivity 3K ' and '
K ' and thickness ' d ' and ' 3d ', respectively, are joined to form a
slab as shown in the figure. The temperatures of the outer surfaces
are ' θ2 ' and ' θ1 ' respectively, (θ2 > θ1). The temperature at the
interface is:

[9 April 2019 II]

Options:
 θ 9θ
A. 101 + 102

θ2 + θ1
B. 2

θ 5θ
C. 61 + 6 2

θ 2θ
D. 31 + 3 2

Answer: A

Solution:
Solution:
H1=H2

or (3k)A ( θ d− θ ) = kA ( θ3d− θ )
2 1

or θ = (
10 )
θ + 9θ
1 2

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question230
Two identical beakers A and B contain equal volumes of two
different liquids at 60°C each and left to cool down.
Liquid in A has density of 8 × 102 kg/m3 and specific heat of 2000 J
kg–1 K–1 while liquid in B has density of 103 kg m–3and specific heat
of 4000 J kg–1 K–1. Which of the following best describes their
temperature versus time graph schematically ? (assume the
emissivity of both the beakers to be the same)
[8 April 2019 I]
Options:

A.
B.

C.

D.

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
Rate of Heat loss = mS
dT =
dt ( )eσAT
4

eσ × A × T 4
−d T = ⇒− d T ∝ 1
d t ρ × V ol . × S dt ρS

(−d T )
d t A = ρB × SB = 103 × 4000
ρA SA 8 × 102 2000
(−d T
dt B )
(
⇒ −d T
dt A ) (
> −d T
dt B )
So, A cools down at faster rate

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question231
A body takes 10 minutes to cool from 60°C to 50°C. The
temperature of surroundings is constant at 25°C. Then, the
temperature of the body after next 10 minutes will be approximately
[Online April 15, 2018]
Options:

A. 43°C

B. 47°C

C. 41°C

D. 45°C

Answer: A

Solution:
Solution:
According to Newton’s law of cooling,

( θ1 − θ2
t
) (
θ +θ
= K 1 2 − θ0
2
)
( ) (
60 − 50 = K 60 + 50 − 25
10 2 )
........(i)

( ) (
and, 50 − θ = K 50 + θ − 25 ........(ii)
10 2 )
Dividing eq. (i) by (ii),
10 = 60 ⇒θ =
42.85°C ≅ 43°C
(50 − θ) θ

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question232
As shown in the figure, forces of 105N each are applied in opposite
directions, on the upper and lower faces of a cube of side 10cm,
shifting the upper face parallel to itself by 0.5cm. If the side of
another cube of the same material is, 20cm, then under similar
conditions as above, the displacement will be:

[Online April 15, 2018]

Options:
A. 1.00cm

B. 0.25cm

C. 0.37cm

D. 0.75cm

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
force 1 5
For same material the ratio of stress to strain is same For first cube Stress 1= = 10 2
area1 (0.1 )
change in length 1 0.5 × 10−2
Strain 1= =
original length 1 0.1
For second block,
force 2 5
stress 2= = 10 2
area 2 (0.2 )
change in length 2
strain2 = = x
original length 2 0.2
x is the displacement for second block.
stress1 stress2
For same material, =
strain 1 strain2
10.5 105
(0.1)2 = (0.2)2
or,
0.5 × 10−2 x
0.1 0.2
Solving we get, x = 0.25cm

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question233
A solid sphere of radius r made of a soft material of bulk modulus K
is surrounded by a liquid in a cylindrical container. A massless
piston of area a floats on the surface of the liquid, covering entire
cross-section of cylindrical container. When a mass m is placed on
the surface of the piston to compress the liquid, the fractional
decrement in the radius of the sphere ( ) , is:
dr
r
[2018]
Options:
A. K a
mg

B. K a
3mg

C. mg
3K a

D. mg
Ka

Answer: C

Solution:
Solution:
volumetric stress
Bulk modulus, K =
volumetric strain
mg
K =
(
a dV
V )
⇒ d V = mg ........(i)
V Ka
4 3
volume of sphere, V = πR
3
d V 3d r
Fractional change in volume = .......(ii)
V r
Using eq. (i) &(ii)
3d r = mg
r Ka
∴ d r = mg (fractional decrement in radius)
r 3K a

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question234
A thin uniform tube is bent into a circle of radius r in the vertical
plane. Equal volumes of two immiscible liquids, whose densities are
ρ1 and ρ1(ρ1 > ρ2) fill half the circle. The angle θ between the radius
vector passing through the common interface and the vertical is
[Online April 15, 2018]
Options:

ρ −ρ
A. θ = tan−1 π 1 2 [(2 ρ1 + ρ2 )]
 ρ −ρ
B. θ = tan−1 π 1 2
2 ( ρ1 + ρ 2 )
C. θ = tan−1π ( )
ρ1
ρ2

D. None of above

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
Pressure at interface A must be same from both the sides to be in equilibrium.

∴(R cos θ + R sin θ)ρ2g = (R cos θ − R sin θ)ρ1g

d
⇒ 1 = cos θ + sin θ = 1 + tan θ
d 2 cos θ − sin θ 1 − tan θ
⇒ρ1 − ρ1 tan θ = ρ2 + ρ2 tan θ
⇒(ρ1 + ρ2) tan θ = ρ1 − ρ2

∴θ = tan−1 ( ρρ −+ ρρ )
1

1
2

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question235
When an air bubble of radius r rises from the bottom to the surface
of a lake, its radius becomes 5r4 . Taking the atmospheric pressure to
be equal to 10m height of water column, the depth of the lake would
approximately be (ignore the surface tension and the effect of
temperature):
[Online April 15, 2018]
Options:
A. 10.5m

B. 8.7m

C. 11.2m

D. 9.5m

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
Using P1V 1 = P2V 2
4 4 125r3
(P1) πr3 = (P2) π
3 3 64
ρg(10) + ρgh = 125
ρg(10) 64
640 + 64h = 1250
On solving we get h = 9.5m

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question236
Two tubes of radii r1 and r2, and lengths l 1 and l 2, respectively, are
connected in series and a liquid flows through each of them in
streamline conditions. P1 and P2 are pressure differences across the
l
two tubes. If P2 is 4P1 and l 2 is 41 , then the radius r2 will be equal to:
[Online April 9, 2017]
Options:

A. r1

B. 2r1

C. 4r1

r
D. 21

Answer: D
Solution:
Solution:
The volume of liquid flowing through both the tubes i.e., rate of flow of liquid is same.
Therefore, V = V 1 = V 2
πP1r14 πP2r24
i.e., =
8ηl 1 8nl 2
P 1 r1 4 P 2 r2 4
Or =
l1 l2
∵P2 = 4P1 and l 2 = l 1 ∕ 4
P1r14 4P1r24 4 r1 4
= ⇒ r2 =
l1 l1∕4 16
r2 = r1 ∕ 2

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question237
An external pressure P is applied on a cube at 0°C so that it is
equally compressed from all sides. K is the bulk modulus of the
material of the cube and alpha is its coefficient of linear expansion.
Suppose we want to bring the cube to its original size by heating.
The temperature should be raised by:
[2017]
Options:

A. 3α
PK

B. 3PK α

C. P
3αK

D. P
αK

Answer: C

Solution:
Solution:

As we know, Bulk modulus

ΔP
K = ⇒ ΔV = P
(
−ΔV
V ) V K

V = V 0(1 + γΔt)
ΔV
= γΔt
V0
∴ P = γΔt ⇒Δt = P = P
K γK 3αK

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question238
A steel rail of length 5m and area of cross-section 40 cm2 is
prevented from expanding along its length while the temperature
rises by 10°C. If coefficient of linear expansion and Young's modulus
of steel are 1.2 × 10−5K −1 and 2 × 1011N m−2 respectively, the force
developed in the rail is approximately:
[Online April 9,2017]
Options:

A. 2 × 107N

B. 1 × 105N

C. 2 × 109N
5
D. 3 × 10− N

Answer: B

Solution:
Solution:
 Thermal stress = F ∕ A
Young's modulus =
Strain ΔL ∕ L
Y =
F
A . α . Δθ
Q(ΔL
L
= αΔθ )
Force developed in the rail F = Y AαΔt
= 2 × 1011 × 40 × 10−4 ×1.2 × 10−5 × 10
= 9.6 × 104 = 1 × 105N

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question239
A compressive force, F is applied at the two ends of a long thin steel
rod. It is heated, simultaneously, such that its temperature increases
by ΔT . The net change in its length is zero. Let l be the length of the
rod, A its area of cross-section, Y its Young's modulus, and α its
coefficient of linear expansion. Then, F is equal to :
[Online April 8,2017]
Options:

A. l 2Y αΔT

B. l AY αΔT

C. AY αΔT

D. AY
αΔT

Answer: C

Solution:
Solution:
Due to thermal exp., change in length (Δl ) = l αΔT ......(i)
Normal stress
Young's modulus (Y) =
Longitudinal strain
Y = F ∕ A ⇒ Δl = F
Δl ∕ l l AY
Δl = F l
AY
n Fl
From eq (i ), = l αΔT
AY
F = AY αΔT

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question240
A copper ball of mass 100 gm is at a temperature T. It is dropped in
a copper calorimeter of mass 100 gm, filled with 170 gm of water at
room temperature. Subsequently, the temperature of the system is
found to be 75°C. T is given by (Given : room temperature = 30° C,
specific heat of copper = 0.1 cal/gm°C
[2017]
Options:

A. 1250°C

B. 825°C

C. 800°C

D. 885° C

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
According to principle of calorimetry,
Heat lost = Heat gain
100 × 0.1(T − 75) = 100 × 0.1 × 45 +170 × 1 × 45
10T − 750 = 450 + 7650 = 8100
⇒T − 75 = 810
T = 885°C

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question241
In an experiment a sphere of aluminium of mass 0.20 kg is heated
upto 150°C. Immediately, it is put into water of volume 150 cc at
27°C kept in a calorimeter of water equivalent to 0.025 kg. Final
temperature of the system is 40°C. The specific heat of aluminium is
:
(take 4.2 Joule=1 calorie)
[Online April 8, 2017]
Options:
A. 378 J/kg – °C

B. 315 J/kg – °C

C. 476 J/kg – °C

D. 434 J/kg – °C

Answer: D

Solution:
Solution:
According to principle of calorimetry,
Qgiven = Qused
0.2 × S × (150 − 40) = 150 × 1× (40 − 27) + 25 × (40 − 27)
0.2 × S × 110 = 150 × 13 + 25 × 13
Specific heat of aluminium
S = 13 × 25 × 7 = 434J ∕ kg − °C
0.2 × 110

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question242
A thin 1m long rod has a radius of 5mm. A force of 50πkN is applied
at one end to determine its Young's modulus. Assume that the force
is exactly known. If the least count in the measurement of all lengths
is 0.01mm, which of the following statements is false ?
[Online April 10, 2016]
Options:

A. The maximum value of Y that can be determined is 2 × 1014N ∕ m2

B. ΔY gets minimum contribution from the uncertainty in the length

Y

C. ΔY gets its maximum contribution from the uncertainty in strain

Y

D. The figure of merit is the largest for the length of the rod.

Answer: A

Solution:
Solution:
F Δl
Young's modulus Y = ∕
A l
Y = F2 l
πr Δl
Given, radius r = 5mm, force F = 50πkN ,
l = 0.01mm
Δl
∴Y = F 2 l = 2 × 1014N ∕ m2
πr Δl

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question243
A uniformly tapering conical wire is made from a material of
Young's modulus Y and has a normal, unextended length L. The
radii, at the upper and lower ends of this conical wire, have values R
and 3R, respectively. The upper end of the wire is fixed to a rigid
support and a mass M is suspended from its lower end. The
equilibrium extended length, of this wire, would equal :
[Online April 9, 2016]
Options:

(
A. L 1 + 29 M g 2
πY R )
(
B. L 1 + 19 M g 2
πY R )
(
C. L 1 + 1 M g 2
3 πY R )
(
D. L 1 + 23 M g 2
πY R )
Answer: C

Solution:
Solution:
Consider a small element dx of radius r,
2R x +
r= R
L
At equilibrium change in length of the wire
1
M gd x
∫dL = ∫
[ ]
2R 2
0
π x+R y
L
Taking limit from 0 to L

[ ]
Mg − 1
ΔL = × L = M gL
πy
[ ]
2R
L
2Rx + R 3πR2y
L 0
The equilibrium extended length of wire = L + ΔL
= L + M gL
3πR Y2 (
= L 1 + 1 M g2
3 πY R )
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question244
A bottle has an opening of radius a and length b. A cork of length b
and radius (a + Δa) where (Δa < < a) is compressed to fit into the
opening completely (see figure). If the bulk modulus of cork is B and
frictional coefficient between the bottle and cork is m then the force
needed to push the cork into the bottle is :

[Online April 10, 2016]

Options:

A. (πµBb)a

B. (2πµBb)Δa

C. (πµBb)Δa

D. (4πµBb)Δa

Answer: D

Solution:
Solution:
Normal force = N A = N
Stress =
Area (2πa)b
Stress = B× strain
N = B 2πaΔa × b
(2πa)b πa2b
2
Δab2
⇒N = B (2πa) 2
πa b
Force needed to push the cork.
f = µN = µ4πbΔaB = (4πµBb)Δa

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question245
Consider a water jar of radius R that has water filled up to height H
and is kept on a stand of height h (see figure). Through a hole of
radius r (r < < R) at its bottom, the water leaks out and the stream of
water coming down towards the ground has a shape like a funnel as
shown in the figure. If the radius of the cross–section of water
stream when it hits the ground is x. Then :
[Online April 9, 2016]
Options:

1
A. x = r ( H
H +h
4
)
B. x = r ( H
H +h )
( )
2
H
C. x = r
H +h

1
D. x = r ( H
H +h
2
)
Answer: A

Solution:
Solution:
According to Bernoulli's Principle,
1 ρv 2 + 1 2
1 ρgh = ρv2
2 2
2 2
v1 + 2gh = v2
2gH + 2gh = v22 ......(i)
a1v1 = a2v2
πr2√2gh = πx2v2
r2 √
2gh = v2
x2
Substituting the value of v2 in equation (i)
4
1
r
2gH + 2gh = 4 2gh or, x = r
x
[H
H +h
4 ]
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question246
Which of the following option correctly describes the variation of
the speed v and acceleration 'a' of a point mass falling vertically in a
viscous medium that applies a force F = –kv, where 'k' is a constant,
on the body? (Graphs are schematic and not drawn to scale)
[Online April 9, 2016]
Options:

A.

B.

C.

D.
Answer: C

Solution:
Solution:
When a point mass is falling vertically in a viscous medium, the medium or viscous fluid exerts drag
force on the body to oppose its motion and at one stage body falling with constant terminal velocity.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question247
If it takes 5 minutes to fill a 15 litre bucket from a water tap of
diameter √2π cm then the Reynolds number for the flow is (density of
water = 103kg ∕ m3 ) and viscosity of water = 10−3 Pa.s) close to:
[Online April 10, 2015]
Options:

A. 11,000

B. 1100

C. 550

D. 5500

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
Given: Diameter of water tap = 2 cm
√π
∴ Radius, r = 1 × 10−2m
√π
d m = ρAV
dt
 ( )
2
15 = 103 × π 1 × 10−4V
5 × 60 √π
⇒V = 0.05m ∕ s
ρV r
Reynold's number, Re =
n
103 × 0.5 × 2 10−2
√π
= −3
≅ 5500
10

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question248
If two glass plates have water between them and are separated by
very small distance (see figure), it is very difficult to pull them apart.
It is because the water in between forms cylindrical surface on the
side that gives rise to lower pressure in the water in comparison to
atmosphere. If the radius of the cylindrical surface is R and surface
tension of water is T then the pressure in water between the plates is
lower by:

[Online April 10, 2015]

Options:

A. 2T
R

B. 4T
R

C. T
4R

D. T
R

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
Here excess pressure, Pexcess = T + T
r1 r2

Pexcess = T ∵
R ( r1 = R
r2 = O )
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question249
An experiment takes 10 minutes to raise the temperature of water in
a container from 0ºC to 100ºC and another 55 minutes to convert it
totally into steam by a heater supplying heat at a uniform rate.
Neglecting the specific heat of the container and taking specific heat
of water to be 1 cal / g ºC, the heat of vapourization according to this
experiment will come out to be :
[Online April 11, 2015]
Options:

A. 560 cal/ g

B. 550 cal/ g

C. 540 cal/ g

D. 530 cal/ g

Answer: B

Solution:
Solution:
As Pt = mCΔT
So, P × 10 × 60 = mC100 ......(i)
and P × 55 × 60 = mL .......(ii)
Dividing equation (i) by (ii) we get
10 C × 100
=
55 L
∴L = 550 cal./g.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question250
The pressure that has to be applied to the ends of a steel wire of
length 10 cm to keep its length constant when its temperature is
raised by 100ºC is:
(For steel Young's modulus is 2 × 1011N m−2 and coefficient of
thermal expansion is 1.1 × 10−5K −1 )
[2014]
Options:

A. 2.2 × 108Pa

B. 2.2 × 109Pa

C. 2.2 × 107Pa

D. 2.2 × 106Pa

Answer: A

Solution:
Solution:
stress
Young's modulus Y =
strain
stress = Y × strain
Stress in steel wire = Applied pressure
Pressure = stress = Y × strain
ΔL =
Strain = αΔT
L
(As length is constant)
= 2 × 1011 × 1.1 × 10−5 × 100 = 2.2 × 108Pa

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question251
Steel ruptures when a shear of 3.5 × 108N m− 2 is applied. The force
needed to punch a 1cm diameter hole in a steel sheet 0.3cm thick is
nearly:
[Online April 12, 2014]
Options:

A. 1.4 × 104N
B. 2.7 × 104N

C. 3.3 × 104N

D. 1.1 × 104N

Answer: C

Solution:
Solution:

Shearing strain is created along the side surface of the punched disk. Note that the forces exerted
on the disk are exerted along the circumference of the disk, and the total force exerted on its center
only.
Let us assume that the shearing stress along the side surface of the disk is uniform, then
F = ∫ d F max = ∫ σmaxd A = σmax ∫ d A
surface surface surface

= ∫ σmax . A = σmax . 2π D h
2 ( )
( )
= 3.5 × 108 × 1 × 10− 2 × 0.3 × 10− 2 × 2π
2
= 3.297 × 10 ≃ 3.3 × 104N
4

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question252
The bulk moduli of ethanol, mercury and water are given as 0.9,25
and 2.2 respectively in units of 109N m−2. For a given value of
pressure, the fractional compression in volume is ΔVV
. Which of the
following statements about ΔV
V
for these three liquids is correct?
[Online April 11, 2014]
Options:

A. Ethanol > Water > Mercury

B. Water > Ethanol > Mercury

C. Mercury > Ethanol > Water

D. Ethanol > Mercury > Water

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
1
Compressibility =
Bulk modulus
As bulk modulus is least for ethanol (0.9) and maximum for mercury (25) among ehtanol, mercury
ΔV
and water. Hence compression in volume
V
Ethanol > Water > Mercury

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question253
In materials like aluminium and copper, the correct order of
magnitude of various elastic modului is:
[Online April 9, 2014]
Options:

A. Young’s modulus < shear modulus < bulk modulus.

B. Bulk modulus < shear modulus < Young’s modulus

C. Shear modulus < Young’s modulus < bulk modulus.

D. Bulk modulus < Young’s modulus < shear modulus.

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
lateral strain (β)
Poisson's ratio, σ =
longitudinal strain (α)
For material like copper, σ = 0.33 And, Y = 3k(1 − 2σ)
9 =1+3
Also,
Y k η
Y = 2η(1 + σ)
Hence, η < Y < k
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question254
There is a circular tube in a vertical plane. Two liquids which do not
mix and of densities d 1 and d 2 are filled in the tube. Each liquid
subtends 90° angle at centre. Radius joining their interface makes an
d
angle α with vertical. Ratio d 1 is:
2

[2014]
Options:

A. 1 + sin α
1 − sin α

B. 1 + cos α
1 − cos α

C. 1 + tan α
1 − tan α

D. 1 + sin α
1 − cos α

Answer: C

Solution:
Solution:
Pressure at interface A must be same from both the sides to be in equilibrium.

∴(R cos α + R sin α)d 2g = (R cos α − R sin α)d 1g

d
⇒ 1 = cos α + sin α = 1 + tan α
d 2 cos α − sin α 1 − tan α

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question255
An open glass tube is immersed in mercury in such a way that a
length of 8 cm extends above the mercury level. The open end of the
tube is then closed and sealed and the tube is raised vertically up by
additional 46 cm. What will be length of the air column above
mercury in the tube now?
(Atmospheric pressure = 76 cm of Hg)
[2014]
Options:

A. 16 cm

B. 22 cm

C. 38 cm

D. 6 cm

Answer: A

Solution:
Solution:

Length of the air column above mercury in the tube is,

P + x = P0
⇒P = (76 − x)
⇒8 × A × 76 = (76 − x) × A ×(54 − x)
∴x = 38
Thus, length of air column
= 54 − 38 = 16cm

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question256
In the diagram shown, the difference in the two tubes of the
manometer is 5cm, the cross section of the tube at A and B is 6mm2
and 10mm2 respectively. The rate at which water flows through the
tube is (g = 10ms−2)

[Online April 19, 2014]

Options:

A. 7.5 cc/s

B. 8.0 cc/s

C. 10.0 cc/s

D. 12.5 cc/s
Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
According to Bernoulli's theorem,
P1 + 1 ρv12 = P2 + 1 ρv22
2 2
2 2
∴v2 − v1 = 2gh .......(1)
According to the equation of continuty
A1v1 = A2v2 ......(2)
A1 6mm2
=
A2 10mm2
A1 v2 6
From equation(2) , = =
A2 v1 10
6v
or, v2 =
10 1
Putting this value of v2 in equation (1)

( 106 v )
2
1 − (v1)2 = 2 × 103 × 5

[∵g = 10m ∕ s2 = 103cm ∕ s2 and h = 5cm]

10
Solving we get v1 =
8
6 × 10 =
Therefore the rate at which water flows through the tube = A1v1 = A2v2 = 7.5cc ∕ s
8

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question257
A cylindrical vessel of cross-section A contains water to a height h.
There is a hole in the bottom of radius ‘a’. The time in which it will
be emptied is:
[Online April 12, 2014]
Options:

A. 2A2
πa √ h
g

√ A
B. 2 2
πa √ h
g

C. 2√22A
πa √ h
g
D. A
√2 πa 2 √ h
g

Answer: B

Solution:
Solution:

dh
Let the rate of falling water level be −
dt
t = 0;h = h
Initially at
t = t;h = 0

(
Then, A − d h = πa2 . v
dt )
A
dt=− 2 d h [ ∵ velocity of efflux of liquid v = √2gh ]
πa √2gh
Integrating both sides
t
A 0 −1 ∕ 2
∫dt = − ∫h dh
0 √2g πa2 h

[ ]
∕ 0
t A h1 2
[t]0 = − .
√2g πa2 1∕2 h

√ A h
t = 22
πa √g

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question258
Water is flowing at a speed of 1.5ms−1 through horizontal tube of
cross-sectional area 10−2m2 and you are trying to stop the flow by
your palm. Assuming that the water stops immediately after hitting
the palm, the minimum force that you must exert should be
(density of water = 103kgm−3 )
[Online April 9, 2014]
Options:

A. 15 N

B. 22.5 N

C. 33.7 N

D. 45 N

Answer: A

Solution:
Solution:
For 1m length of horizontal tube
Mass of water M = density times volume
= 103 × area × length
= 103 × 10−2 × 1 = 10kg
Δp
Therefore minimum force = (rate of change of momentum)
Δt
= 10 × 1.5 = 15N

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question259
The velocity of water in a river is 18km/ hr near the surface. If the
river is 5m deep, find the shearing stress between the horizontal
layers of water. The co-efficient of viscosity of water = 10−2 poise.
[Online April 19, 2014]
Options:

A. 10−1N ∕ m2

B. 10−2N ∕ m2

C. 10−3N ∕ m2

D. 10−4N ∕ m2

Answer: B

Solution:
Solution:
η = 10−2 poise
v = 18km ∕ h = 18000 = 5m ∕ s
3600
l = 5m
v
Strain rate =
l
shearing stress
Coefficient of viscosity, η =
strain rate
∴ Shearing stress = η× strain rate
−2 5 −2 −2
= 10 × = 10 N m
5

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question260
−5
The average mass of rain drops is 3.0 × 10 kg and their avarage
terminal velocity is 9m ∕ s. Calculate the energy transferred by rain
to each square metre of the surface at a place which receives 100cm
of rain in a year.
[Online April 11, 2014]
Options:

A. 3.5 × 105J
4
B. 4.05 × 10 J

C. 3.0 × 105J

D. 9.0 × 104J

Answer: B

Solution:
Solution:
Total volume of rain drops, received 100 cm in a year by area 1m2
= 1m2 × 100 m = 1m3
100
As we know, density of water,
d = 103kg ∕ m3
Therefore, mass of this volumeof water
M = d × v = 103 × 1 = 103kg
Average terminal velocity of rain drop
v = 9m ∕ s (given)
Therefore, energy transferred by rain,
E = 1 mv2
2
= 1 × 103 × (9)2
2
= 1 × 103 × 81 = 4.05 × 104J
2

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question261
A tank with a small hole at the bottom has been filled with water
and kerosene (specific gravity 0.8 ). The height of water is 3m and
that of kerosene 2m. When the hole is opened the velocity of fluid
coming out from it is nearly:
(take g = 10ms−2 and density of water = 103kgm−3 )
[Online April 11, 2014]
Options:

A. 10.7ms−1

B. 9.6ms−1

C. 8.5ms−1

D. 7.6ms−1

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
According to Toricelli's theorem,
Velocity of efflex,
V eff = √2gh = √2 × 9.8 × 5 ≅9.8ms−1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question262
On heating water, bubbles being formed at the bottom of the vessel
detach and rise. Take the bubbles to be spheres of radius R and
making a circular contact of radius r with the bottom of the vessel.
If r< < R and the surface tension of water is T , value of r just before
bubbles detach is: (density of water is ρw )

[2014]
Options:

A. R
2
√ 2ρwg
3T

B. R
2
√ ρw g
6T

C. R
2
√ ρw g
T

D. R
2
√ 3ρwg
T

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
When the bubble gets detached,
Buoyant force = force due to surface tension
Force due to excess pressure = upthrust
2T
Access pressure in air bubble =
R
3
2T (πr2) = 4πR ρo
R 3T wg

2R4ρwg
⇒r2 =
3T
⇒r = R2
2ρwg
3T √
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question263
Two soap bubbles coalesce to form a single bubble. If V is the
subsequent change in volume of contained air and S change in total
surface area, T is the surface tension and P atmospheric pressure,
then which of the following relation is correct?
[Online April 12, 2014]
Options:

A. 4PV + 3ST = 0

B. 3PV + 4ST = 0

C. 2PV + 3ST = 0

D. 3PV + 2ST = 0

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question264
An air bubble of radius 0.1cm is in a liquid having surface tension
0.06N ∕ m and density 103kg ∕ m3. The pressure inside the bubble is
1100N m−2 greater than the atmospheric pressure. At what depth is
the bubble below the surface of the liquid? (g = 9.8ms−2)
[Online April 11, 2014]
Options:

A. 0.1m

B. 0.15m

C. 0.20m

D. 0.25m

Answer: A

Solution:
Solution:
Given: Radius of air bubble,
r = 0.1cm = 10−3m
Surface tension of liquid,
S = 0.06N ∕ m = 6 × 10−2N ∕ m
Density of liquid,
ρ = 103kg ∕ m3
Excess pressure inside the bubble,
ρexe = 1100N m−2
Depth of bubble below the liquid surface,
h=?
As we know,
ρExcess = hρg + 2s
r
−2
2 6
⇒1100 = h × 103 × 9.8 + × ×−310
10
⇒1100 = 9800h + 120
⇒9800h = 1100 − 120
⇒h = 980 = 0.1m
9800

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question265
A capillary tube is immersed vertically in water and the height of the
water column is x. When this arrangement is taken into a mine of
depth d, the height of the water column is y. If R is the radius of
earth, the ratio xy is:
[Online April 9, 2014]
Options:
 (
A. 1 − d
R )
(
B. 1 − 2d
R )
(
C. R − d
R+d )
D. R (
+d
R−d )
Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
Acceleration due to gravity changes with the depth,

(
g′ = g 1 −
d
R )
Pressure, P = ρgh
x
Hence ratio, is 1 −
y
d
R ( )
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question266
Three rods of Copper, Brass and Steel are welded together to form a
Y shaped structure. Area of cross - section of each rod = 4 cm2 . End
of copper rod is maintained at 100ºC where as ends of brass and
steel are kept at 0ºC. Lengths of the copper, brass and steel rods are
46, 13 and 12 cms respectively. The rods are thermally insulated
from surroundings excepts at ends. Thermal conductivities of
copper, brass and steel are 0.92, 0.26 and 0.12 CGS units
respectively. Rate of heat flow through copper rod is:
[2014]
Options:

A. 1.2 cal/s

B. 2.4 cal/s

C. 4.8 cal/s
D. 6.0 cal/s

Answer: C

Solution:
Solution:
Rate of heat flow is given by,
K A(θ1 − θ2)
Q=
l
Where, K = coefficient of thermal conductivity
l = length of rod and A = area of cross-section of rod

If the junction temperature is T, then

QCopper = QBrass + QSteel
0.92 × 4(100 − T )
46
= 0.26 × 4 × (T − 0) + 0.12 × 4 × (T − 0)
13 12
⇒200 − 2T = 2T + T
⇒T = 40°C
∴QCopper = 0.92 × 4 × 60 = 4.8cal ∕ s
46

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question267
A black coloured solid sphere of radius R and mass M is inside a
cavity with vacuum inside. The walls of the cavity are maintained at
temperature T 0. The initial temperature of the sphere is 3T 0. If the
specific heat of the material of the sphere varies as αT 3 per unit
mass with the temperature T of the sphere, where α is a constant,
then the time taken for the sphere to cool down to temperature 2T 0
will be ( σ is Stefan Boltzmann constant)
[Online April 19,2014]
Options:
A. M α2 I n 3
4πR σ
( )
2

B. M α2 I n 16
4πR σ 3 ( )
C. M α2 I n 16
16πR σ 3 ( )
D. M α2 I n 3
16πR σ 2 ( )
Answer: C

Solution:
Solution:
In the given problem, fall in temperature of sphere,
d T = (3T 0 − 2T 0) = T 0
Temperature of surrounding, T surr = T 0
Initial temperature of sphere, T initial = 3T 0
Specific heat of the material of the sphere varies as,
c = αT 3 per unit mass ( α = a constant )
Applying formula,
d T = σA (T 4 − T 4)
d t M cJ surr

T σ4πR 2
⇒ 0= [(3T 0)4 − (T 0)4]
d t M α(3T )3J
0
M α27T 04J
⇒d t =
σ4πR2 × 80T 04
Solving we get,
Time taken for the sphere to cool down temperature 2T 0,

T = M α I n 16
16πR2σ 3 ( )
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question268
Water of volume 2 L in a closed container is heated with a coil of 1
kW. While water is heated, the container loses energy at a rate of
160 J/s. In how much time will the temperature of water rise from
27°C to 77°C? (Specific heat of water is 4.2 kJ/kg and that of the
container is negligible).
[Online April 9, 2014]
Options:

A. 8 min 20 s

B. 6 min 2 s

C. 7 min

D. 14 min

Answer: A

Solution:
Solution:
From question,
In 1 sec heat gained by water
= 1 KW – 160 J/s
= 1000 J/s – 160 J/s
= 840 J/s
Total heat required to raise the temperature of water (volume 2L) from 27°c to 77°c
= mwater × sp . ht × Δθ
= 2 × 103 × 4.2 × 50[ ∵ mass = density × volume ]
And, 840 × t = 2 × 103 × 4.2 × 50
2 × 103 × 4.2 × 50
or, t =
840
= 500 s = 8 min 20s

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question269
Hot water cools from 60°C to 50°C in the first 10 minutes and to
42°C in the next 10 minutes. The temperature of the surroundings
is:
[Online April 12, 2014]
Options:

A. 25°C

B. 10°C

C. 15°C
D. 20°C

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
By Newton’s law of cooling
θ1 − θ2
t
[
θ +θ
= −K 1 2 − θ0
2
]
where theta0 is the temperature of surrounding.
Now, hot water cools from 60°C to 50°C in 10 minutes,

10 [
60 − 50 = −K 60 + 50 − θ .......(i)
2 0 ]
Again, it cools from 50°C to 42°C in next 10 minutes.

10 [
50 − 42 = −K 50 + 42 − θ .......(ii)
2 0 ]
Dividing equations (i) by (ii) we get
1 55 − θ0
=
0.8 46 − θ0
10 = 55 − θ0
8 46 − θ0
460 − 10θ0 = 440 − 8θ0
2θ0 = 20
θ0 = 10°C

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question270
A hot body, obeying Newton’s law of cooling is cooling down from its
peak value 80°C to an ambient temperature of 30°C. It takes 5
minutes in cooling down from 80°C to 40°C. How much time will it
take to cool down from 62°C to 32°C?
(Given In 2 = 0.693, In 5 = 1.609)
[Online April 11, 2014]
Options:

A. 3.75 minutes

B. 8.6 minutes

C. 9.6 minutes

D. 6.5 minutes
Answer: B

Solution:
Solution:
From Newton’s law of cooling,
1
(
t = loge 2 0
k
θ −θ
θ1 − θ0 )
From question and above equation,
1 (40 − 30)
5 = loge .......(1)
k (80 − 30)
1 (32 − 30)
And, t = loge ......(2)
k (62 − 30)
Dividing equation (2) by (1),
1 log (32 − 30)
t = k e (62 − 30)
5 1 log (40 − 30)
k e (80 − 30)
On solving we get, time taken to cool down from 62°C to 32°C, t = 8.6 minutes.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question271
Two blocks of masses m and M are connected by means of a metal
wire of cross-sectional area A passing over a frictionless fixed pulley
as shown in the figure. The system is then released. If M = 2 m, then
the stress produced in the wire is :

[Online April 25, 2013]

Options:

A. 2mg
3A

B. 4mg
3A
C. mg
A

D. 3mg
4A

Answer: B

Solution:
Solution:
Tension in the wire, T = ( m2mM
+M )
g
Force / Tension = 2mM g
Stress =
Area A(m + M )
= 2(m × 2m)g ( M = 2m given )
A(m + 2m)
4m2
= g = 4mg
3mA 3A

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question272
A copper wire of length 1.0m and a steel wire of length 0.5m having
equal cross-sectional areas are joined end to end. The composite
wire is stretched by a certain load which stretches the copper wire
by 1mm. If the Young's modulii of copper and steel are respectively
−2 −2
1.0 × 1011N m and 2.0 × 1011N m , the total extension of the
composite wire is :
[Online April 23, 2013]
Options:

A. 1.75 mm

B. 2.0 mm

C. 1.50 mm

D. 1.25 mm

Answer: D

Solution:
Solution:
Y c × (ΔLc ∕ Lc) = Y s × (ΔLS ∕ LS)

( 1 × 110 ) ( ΔL0.5 )
−3
⇒1 × 1011 × = 2 × 1011 × s

0.5 × 10−3
∴ΔLs = = 0.25mm
2
Therefore, total extension of the composite wire
= ΔLc + ΔLs
= 1mm + 0.25m = 1.25m

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question273
A uniform wire (Young's modulus 2 × 1011N m−2 ) is subjected to
longitudinal tensile stress of 5 × 107N m−2. If the overall volume
change in the wire is 0.02%, the fractional decrease in the radius of
the wire is close to :
[Online April 22, 2013]
Options:

A. 1.0 × 10−4
4
B. 1.5 × 10−

C. 0.25 × 10−4

D. 5 × 10−4

Answer: C

Solution:
Solution:
Given, y = 2 × 1011N m−2

( )
Stress F = 5 × 107N m−2
A
ΔV = 0.02% = 2 × 10−4m3
Δr = ?
r

strain l0( )
γ = stress ⇒ strain Δl = γ ......(i)
stress
ΔV = 2πrl 0Δr − πr2Δl ......(ii)
From eqns (i) and (ii) putting the value of Δl , l 0 and ΔV and solving we get
Δr = 0.25 × 10−4
r

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question274
If the ratio of lengths, radii and Young's moduli of steel and brass
wires in the figure are a, b and c respectively, then the
corresponding ratio of increase in their lengths is :

[Online April 9, 2013]

Options:

A. 3c 2
2ab

2
B. 2ab c

C. 3a2
2b c

D. 2ac2
b

Answer: C

Solution:
Solution:
According to questions,
ls r y
= a, s = b, s = c, Δl s = ?
lb rb yb Δl b
F l ⇒ Δl = F l
As, y =
AΔl Ay
 3mgl s
Δls = [∵F s = (M + 2M )g]
πrs2 . ys
2M gl b
Δl b = [∵F b = 2M g]
πrb2 . yb
3M gl s
Δl s πrs2 . ys
∴ = = 3a2
Δl b 2M g . lb 2b C
2
πrb . yb

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question275
A uniform cylinder of length L and mass M having cross sectional
area A is suspended, with its length vertical, from a fixed point by a
massless spring such that it is half submerged in a liquid of density
sigma at equilibrium position. The extension x0 of the spring when it
is in equilibrium is:
[2013]
Options:

A. M g
k

(
B. Mk g 1 − LAσ
M )
(
C. M g 1 − LAσ
k 2M )
(
D. M g 1 + LAσ
k M )
Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
From figure, kx0 + F B = M g

L
kx0 + σ Ag = M g
2
[ ∵ mass = density × volume ]
⇒kx0 = M g − σ L Ag
2
Mg− σLAg
⇒x0 =
k
2 = M g 1 − LAσ
k 2M ( )
Hence, extension of the spring when it is in equilibrium is,x0 = M g 1 − LAσ
k 2M ( )
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question276
Air of density 1.2kgm−3 is blowing across the horizontal wings of an
aeroplane in such a way that its speeds above and below the wings
are 150ms−1 and 100ms−1, respectively. The pressure difference
between the upper and lower sides of the wings, is:
[Online April 22, 2013]
Options:

A. 60N m−2

B. 180N m−2

C. 7500N m−2

D. 12500N m−2

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
Pressure difference
P2 − P1 = 1 ρ(v22 − v12)
2
= 1 × 1.2((150)2 − (100)2)
2
= 1 × 1.2(22500 − 10000)
2
= 7500N m−2

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question277
In an experiment, a small steel ball falls through a liquid at a
constant speed of 10 cm/s. If the steel ball is pulled upward with a
force equal to twice its effective weight, how fast will it move upward
?
[Online April 25, 2013]
Options:

A. 5 cm/s

B. Zero

C. 10 cm/s

D. 20 cm/s

Answer: C

Solution:
Solution:

Weight of the body

W = mg = 4 πr3ρg
3
4 3
T = πr σg
3
and F = 6πηvr
When the body attains terminal velocity net force acting on the body is zero. i.e.
W −T −F =0
2 r2( ρ − σ)g
And terminal velocity v =
9 η
As in case of upward motion upward force is twice its effective weight, therefore, it will move with
same speed 10cm ∕ s

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question278
Wax is coated on the inner wall of a capillary tube and the tube is
then dipped in water. Then, compared to the unwaxed capillary, the
angle of contact θ and the height h upto which water rises change.
These changes are :
[Online April 23, 2013]
Options:

A. θ increases and h also increases

B. θ decreases and h also decreases

C. θ increases and h decreases

D. θ decreases and h increases

Answer: C

Solution:
Solution:
Angle of contact θ
T − T SL
cos θ = SA
T LA
when water is on a waxy or oily surface
T SA < T SL cos θ is negative i.e.
90° < θ < 180°
i.e., angle of contact θ increases
And for θ > 90° liquid level in capillary tube fall.
i.e., h decreases

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question279
A thin tube sealed at both ends is 100cm long. It lies horizontally, the
middle 20cm containing mercury and two equal ends containing air
at standard atmospheric pressure. If the tube is now turned to a
vertical position, by what amount will the mercury be displaced?
(Given : cross-section of the tube can be assumed to be uniform)
[Online April 23, 2013]
Options:

A. 2.95cm

B. 5.18cm

C. 8.65cm

D. 0.0cm

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question280
This question has Statement- 1 and Statement-2. Of the four choices
given after the Statements, choose the one that best describes the
two Statements.
Statement-1: A capillary is dipped in a liquid and liquid rises to a
height h in it. As the temperature of the liquid is raised, the height h
increases (if the density of the liquid and the angle of contact remain
the same).
Statement-2: Surface tension of a liquid decreases with the rise in its
temperature.
[Online April 9, 2013]
Options:

A. Statement- 1 is true, Statement- 2 is true; Statement- 2 is not the correct explanation

for Statement-1.
B. Statement- 1 is false, Statement- 2 is true.

C. Statement- 1 is true, Statement- 2 is false.

D. Statement- 1 is true, Statement- 2 is true; Statement- 2 is the correct explanation for

Statement-1.

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
Surface tension of a liquid decreases with the rise in temperture. At the boiling point of liquid,
surface tension is zero.
2T cos θ
Capillary rise h =
rd g
As surface tension T decreases with rise in temperature hence capillary rise also decreases.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question281
The ratio of the coefficient of volume expansion of a glass container
to that of a viscous liquid kept inside the container is 1 : 4. What
fraction of the inner volume of the container should the liquid
occupy so that the volume of the remaining vacant space will be
same at all temperatures ?
[Online April 23, 2013]
Options:

A. 2 : 5

B. 1 : 4

C. 1 : 64

D. 1 : 8

Answer: B

Solution:
Solution:
When there is no change in liquid level in vessel then γ′real = γ′vessel
Change in volume in liquid relative to vessel
ΔV app = V γ′app Δθ = V (γ′real − γ′vessel)

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question282
On a linear temperature scale Y, water freezes at – 160° Y and boils
at – 50° Y. On this Y scale, a temperature of 340 K would be read as
: (water freezes at 273 K and boils at 373 K)
[Online April 9, 2013]
Options:

A. – 73.7° Y

B. – 233.7° Y

C. – 86.3° Y

D. – 106.3° Y

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
Reading on any scale − LFP
= constant for all scales
UFP - LFP
340 − 273 = °Y − (−160)
373 − 273 −50 − (−160)
⇒ 67 = y + 160
100 110
∴Y = −86.3°Y

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question283
Assume that a drop of liquid evaporates by decrease in its surface
energy, so that its temperature remains unchanged. What should be
the minimum radius of the drop for this to be possible? The surface
tension is T, density of liquid is ρ and L is its latent heat of
vaporization.
[2013]
Options:
A. ρL/T

B. √T ∕ ρL

C. T/ρL

D. 2T/ρL

Answer: D

Solution:
Solution:
When radius is decrease by ΔR,
4πR2ΔRρL = 4πT [R2 − (R − ΔR)2]
⇒ρR2ΔRL = T [R2 − R2 + 2RΔR − ΔR2]
⇒ρR2ΔRL = T 2RΔR [ ΔR is very small ]
⇒R = 2T
ρL

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question284
A mass of 50g of water in a closed vessel, with surroundings at a
constant temperature takes 2 minutes to cool from 30°C to 25°C. A
mass of 100g of another liquid in an identical vessel with identical
surroundings takes the same time to cool from 30° C to 25° C. The
specific heat of the liquid is :
(The water equivalent of the vessel is 30g.)
[Online April 25, 2013]
Options:

A. 2.0 kcal/kg

B. 7 kcal/kg

C. 3 kcal/kg

D. 0.5 kcal/kg

Answer: D

Solution:
Solution:
As the surrounding is identical, vessel is identical time taken to cool both water and liquid (from
30°C to 25°C) is same 2 minutes, therefore

( )
dQ
d t water
= dQ ( )
d t liquid
(mW CW + W )ΔT (mLCL + W )ΔT
or, =
t t
(W = water equivalent of the vessel)
or ,mwCw = mLCL
m C
∴ Specific heat of liquid ,CL = W W
mL
= 50 × 1 = 0.5kcal ∕ kg
100

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question285
500 g of water and 100 g of ice at 0°C are in a calorimeter whose
water equivalent is 40 g. 10 g of steam at 100°C is added to it. Then
water in the calorimeter is : (Latent heat of ice = 80 cal/g, Latent
heat of steam = 540 cal/ g)
[Online April 23, 2013]
Options:

A. 580 g

B. 590 g

C. 600 g

D. 610 g

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
As 1g of steam at 100°C melts 8g of ice at 0°C.
10 g of steam will melt 8× 10 g of ice at 0°C
Water in calorimeter = 500 + 80 + 10g = 590g

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question286
Given that 1 g of water in liquid phase has volume 1 cm3and in
vapour phase 1671 cm3 at atmospheric pressure and the latent heat
of vaporization of water is 2256 J/g; the change in the internal
energy in joules for 1 g of water at 373 K when it changes from
liquid phase to vapour phase at the same temperature is :
[Online April 22, 2013]
Options:

A. 2256

B. 167

C. 2089

D. 1

Answer: C

Solution:
Solution:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question287
If a piece of metal is heated to temperature θ and then allowed to
cool in a room which is at temperature θ0 , the graph between the
temperature T of the metal and time twill be closest to
[2013]
Options:

A.

B.
C.

D.

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
According to Newton’s law of cooling, the temperature goes on decreasing with time non-linearly.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question288
A steel wire can sustain 100 kg weight without breaking. If the wire
is cut into two equal parts, each part can sustain a weight of
[Online May 19, 2012]
Options:

A. 50 kg

B. 400 kg
C. 100 kg

D. 200 kg

Answer: C

Solution:
Solution:
Breaking force α area of cross section of wire
Load hold by wire is independent of length of the wire.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question289
A structural steel rod has a radius of 10 mm and length of 1.0 m. A
100 kN force stretches it along its length. Young’s modulus of
structural steel is 2 × 1011N m–2 . The percentage strain is about
[Online May 7, 2012]
Options:

A. 0.16%

B. 0.32%

C. 0.08%

D. 0.24%

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
5
Given: F = 100kN = 10 N
Y = 2 × 1011N m−2
l 0 = 1.0m
radius r = 10mm = 10−2m
Stress
From formula, Y =
Strain
Stress = F
⇒ Strain =
Y AY
 5
= 10 = 105 = 1
2 −4
πr Y 3.14 × 10 × 2 × 10 11 628
1 × 100 =
Therefore % strain = 0.16%
628

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question290
The load versus elongation graphs for four wires of same length and
made of the same material are shown in the figure. The thinnest wire
is represented by the line

[Online May 7, 2012]

Options:

A. OA

B. OC

C. OD

D. OB

Answer: A

Solution:
Solution:
From the graph, it is clear that for the same value of load, elongation is maximum for wire OA .
Hence OA is the thinnest wire among the four wires.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question291
In a cylindrical water tank, there are two small holes A and B on the
wall at a depth of h1, from the surface of water and at a height of h2
from the bottom of water tank. Surface of water is at heigh H from
the bottom of water tank. Water coming out from both holes strikes
the ground at the same point S. Find the ratio of h1 and h2

[Online May 26, 2012]

Options:

A. Depends on H

B. 1 : 1

C. 2 : 2

D. 1 : 2

Answer: B

Solution:
Solution:

i.e. R1 = R2 = R
or, v1t1 = v2t2 ......(i)
Where v1 = velocity of efflux at A = √(2gh1) and
v2 = velocity of efflux at B = √( 2g(H − h2)

t1 = time of fall water stream through A = √ ( 2( Hg− h )

1
t2 = time of fall of the water stream through B = √ 2h2
g
Putting these values is eqn (i) we get
(H − h1)h1 = (H − h2)h2
or [H − (h1 + h2)][h1 − h2] = 0
h1
Here, H = h1 + h2 is irrelevant because the holes are at two different heights. Hence h1 = h2 or, =1
h2

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question292
Water is flowing through a horizontal tube having cross sectional
areas of its two ends being A and A′ such that the ratio A ∕ A′ is 5 . If
the pressure difference of water between the two ends is
3 × 105N m−2, the velocity of water with which it enters the tube will
be (neglect gravity effects)
[Online May 12, 2012 ]
Options:

A. 5ms−1
1
B. 10ms−

C. 25ms−1

D. 50√10 ms−1

Answer: A

Solution:
Solution:
According to Bernoulli’s theorem
P1 + 1 ρv12 = P2 + 1 ρv22 .....(i)
2 2
From question,
A
P1 − P2 = 3 × 105, 1 = 5
A2
According to equation of continuity
A1v1 = A2v2
A v
or, 1 = 2 = 5
A2 v1
⇒v2 = 5v1
From equation (i)
P1 − P2 = 1 ρ(v22 − v12)
2
1
or 3 × 105 = × 1000(5v12 − v12)
2
⇒600 = 6v1 × 4v1
⇒v12 = 25
∴v1 = 5m ∕ s

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question293
A square hole of side length l is made at a depth of h and a circular
hole of radius r is made at a depth of 4h from the surface of water in
a water tank kept on a horizontal surface.
If l < < h, r < < h and the rate of water flow from the holes is the
same, then r is equal to

[May 7, 2012]
Options:

A. l
√2π

B. l
√3π

C. l
3π

D. l
2π

Answer: A
Solution:

Solution:
As A1v1 = A2v2 (Principle of continuity)
or, l 2√2gh = πr2√2g × 4h ( Efflux velocity = √2gh )

√
2
∴r2 = l or r = l2 = l
2π 2π √2π

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question294
The terminal velocity of a small sphere of radius a in a viscous liquid
is proportional to
[Online May 26, 2012]
Options:

A. a2

B. a3

C. a

D. a−1

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
Terminal velocity in a viscous medium is given by :
2a2( ρ − σ)g
VT =
9η
2
∴V T ∝ a

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question295
A large number of liquid drops each of radius r coalesce to from a
single drop of radius R. The energy released in the process is
converted into kinetic energy of the big drop so formed. The speed
of the big drop is (given, surface tension of liquid T , density ρ )
[Online April 19, 2014, 2012]
Options:

A. √ ( T
ρ
1
r
−1
R )
B.
√ ( 2T
ρ
1
r
−1
R )
C. √ ( 4T
ρ
1
r
− R1 )
D.
√ ( 6T
ρ
1
r
−1
R )
Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
When drops combine to form a single drop of radius R. Then energy released, E = 4πT R3 1 − 1
r R [ ]
If this energy is converted into kinetic energy then
1 mv2 = R3T 1 − 1
2
4π [
r R ]
[ ]
1 × 4 πR3ρ v2 = 4πR3T 1 − 1
2 3 r R [ ]
[
v2 = 6T 1 − 1
ρ r R ]
v= √ 6Tρ [ 1r − R1 ]
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question296
A thin liquid film formed between a U-shaped wire and a light slider
2
supports a weight of 1.5 × 10− N (see figure). The length of the slider
is 30cm and its weight is negligible. The surface tension of the liquid
film is
[2012]
Options:

A. 0.0125N m−1

B. 0.1N m−1

C. 0.05N m−1

D. 0.025N m−1

Answer: D

Solution:
Solution:
Let T is the force due to surface tension per unit length,
then
F = 2l T
l = length of the slider.
At equilibrium, F = W
∴2T l = mg
2
mg 1.5 × 10− 1.5
⇒T = = = = 0.025N m−1
2l 2 × 30 × 10 −2 60

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question297
A wooden wheel of radius R is made of two semicircular part (see
figure). The two parts are held together by a ring made of a metal
strip of cross sectional area S and length L. L is slightly less than
2πR. To fit the ring on the wheel, it is heated so that its temperature
rises by ΔT and it just steps over the wheel. As it cools down to
surrounding temperature, it presses the semicircular parts together.
If the coefficient of linear expansion of the metal is α, and its
Young's modulus is Y , the force that one part of the wheel applies
on the other part is:

[2012]
Options:

A. 2πSY αΔT

B. SY αΔT

C. πSY αΔT

D. 2SY αΔT

Answer: D

Solution:
Solution:
The Young modulus is given as
Y = {stress = F ∕ S
strain ΔL ∕ L
Here ,ΔL = 2πΔRL = 2πR
Y = F × 2πR
S2πΔR
⇒Y = F R ......(i)
S . ΔR
ΔR
The coefficient of linear expansion α =
RΔT
⇒ ΔR = α . ΔT ⇒ R = 1 .......(ii)
R ΔR αΔT
From equation (i) and (ii)
Y = F ⇒ F = Y . S . αΔT
S . αΔT
∴ The ring is pressing the wheel from both sides, Thus
F net = 2F = 2Y SαΔT

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question298
A large cylindrical rod of length L is made by joining two identical
rods of copper and steel of length ( ) each.
l
2
The rods are completely insulated from the surroundings. If the free
end of copper rod is maintained at 100°C and that of steel at 0°C
then the temperature of junction is (Thermal conductivity of copper
is 9 times that of steel)
[Online May 19, 2012]
Options:

A. 90°C

B. 50°C

C. 10°C

D. 67°C

Answer: A

Solution:
Solution:

Let conductivity of steel K steel = k then from question

Conductivity of copper K copper = 9k
θcopper = 100°C
θsteel = 0°C
l steel = l copper = L
2
From formula temperature of junction;
K θ l + K steel θsteel l copper
θ = copper copper steel
K copper l steel + K steel l copper
9k × 100 × L + k × 0 × L
= 2 2
L
9k × + k × L
2 2
900 kL
= 2 = 90°C
10kL
2
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question299
The heat radiated per unit area in 1 hour by a furnace whose
temperature is 3000 K is (s = 5.7 × 10–8W m–2K –4)
[Online May 7, 2012]
Options:
10
A. 1.7 × 10 J

B. 1.1 × 1012 J

C. 2.8 × 108 J

D. 4.6 × 106 J

Answer: A

Solution:
Solution:
According to Stefan’s law
E = σT 4
Heat radiated per unit area in 1 hour ( 3600 s) is
= 5.7 × 10−8 × (300)4 × 3600 = 1.7 × 1010J

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question300
A liquid in a beaker has temperature θ(t) at time t and θ0 is
temperature of surroundings, then according to Newton's law of
cooling the correct graph between loge(θ − θ0) and t is :
[2012]
Options:

A.
B.

C.

D.

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
According to newton's law of cooling
d θ = −k(θ − θ )
dt 0

⇒ d θ = −kd t
(θ − θ0)
θ
⇒∫ d θ = −k ∫t d t
θ0 (θ − θ0) θ
⇒log(θ − θ0) = −kt + c
Which represents an equation of straight line.
Thus the option (a) is correct.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question301
Water is flowing continuously from a tap having an internal
diameter 8 × 10−3m. The water velocity as it leaves the tap is 0.4ms−1.
The diameter of the water stream at a distance 2 ×10−1m below the
tap is close to:
[2011]
Options:

A. 7.5 × 10−3m

B. 9.6 × 10−3m

C. 3.6 × 10−3m

D. 5.0 × 10−3m

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
Using Bernoulli's theorem, for horizontal flow
P0 + 1 ρv12 + ρgh = P0 + 1 ρv22 + 0
2 2
2
v2 = √ v1 + 2gh = √0.16 + 2 × 10 × 0.2 = 2.03m ∕ s
According to equation of continuity
A2v2 = A1v1
 D22 D2
π × v2 = π 1 v1
4 4

√
v1
⇒D2 = D1 = 3.55 × 10−3m
v2

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question302
If a ball of steel (density ρ = 7.8gcm−3 ) attains a terminal velocity of
−1
10cms when falling in water (Coefficient of viscosity
ηwater = 8.5 × 10−4Pa . s ), then, its terminal velocity in glycerine
(ρ = 1.2gcm−3, η = 13.2Pa . s) would be, nearly
[2011 RS]
Options:

A. 6.25 × 10−4cms−1

B. 6.45 × 10−4cms−1

C. 1.5 × 10−5cms−1

D. 1.6 × 10−5cms−1

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
When the ball attains terminal velocity
Weight of the ball = viscous force + buoyant force
∴V ρg = 6πηrv + V ρlg
⇒V g(ρ − ρl) = 6πηrv
Also V g(ρ − ρi′) = 6πηv′
(ρ − ρl′)
∴v′η′ = × vη
(ρ − ρl)
(ρ − ρl′) vη
⇒v′ = ×
(ρ − ρl) η′
10 8.5 × 10−4
= (7.8 − 1.2) × ×
(7.8 − 1) 13.2
−4
∴v′ = 6.25 × 10 cm ∕ s

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question303
Work done in increasing the size of a soap bubble from a radius of
3cm to 5cm is nearly (Surface tension of soap solution = 0.03N m−1 )
[2011]
Options:

A. 0.2πmJ

B. 2πmJ

C. 0.4πmJ

D. 4πmJ

Answer: C

Solution:
Solution:
Work done = increase in surface area × surface tension
⇒ W = 2T 4π[(52) − (3)2] × 10−4
−4
= 2 × 0.03 × 4π[25 − 9] × 10 J
= 0.4π × 10−3J = 0.4πmJ

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question304
Two mercury drops (each of radius ' r ') merge to form bigger drop.
The surface energy of the bigger drop, if T is the surface tension, is :
[2011 RS]
Options:
2
A. 4πr T

B. 2πr2T

C. 28 ∕ 3πr2T

D. 25 ∕ 3πr2T
Answer: C

Solution:
Solution:
As volume remains constant
∴ Sum of volumes of 2 smaller drops
= Volume of the bigger drop
4 4 ∕
2 . πr3 = πR3 ⇒ R = 21 3r
3 3
Surface energy = Surface tension times Surface area = T .4πR2
= T 4π22 ∕ 3r2 = T .28 ∕ 3πr2

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question305
100g of water is heated from 30°C to 50°C. Ignoring the slight
expansion of the water, the change in its internal energy is (specific
heat of water is 4184 J/kg/K):
[2011]
Options:

A. 8.4 kJ

B. 84 kJ

C. 2.1 kJ

D. 4.2 kJ

Answer: A

Solution:
Solution:
ΔU = ΔQ = mcΔT
= 100 × 4184(50 − 30) ≈ 8.4kJ
1000

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question306
The specific heat capacity of a metal at low temperature(T) is given
as
 ( )
3
−1 −1 T
Cp(kJ K kg ) = 32 400
A 100 gram vessel of this metal is to be cooled from 20ºK to 4ºK by a
special refrigerator operating at room temperature (27°C). The
amount of work required to cool the vessel is
[2011 RS]
Options:

A. greater than 0.148 kJ

B. between 0.148 kJ and 0.028 kJ

C. less than 0.028 kJ

D. equal to 0.002 kJ

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
Required work = energy released
Here, Q = ∫ mcd T

( ) T 3 d T = 4 3.2 T 3d T
4
= ∫ 0.1 × 32 × ∫
20 4003 20 64 × 10
6
4
= 5 × 10−8 ∫ T 3d T = 0.002kJ
20
Therefore, required work = 0.002kJ

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question307
A ball is made of a material of density rho where ρoil < ρ < ρwater with
ρoil and ρwater represe-nting the densities of oil and water,
respectively. The oil and water are immiscible. If the above ball is in
equilibrium in a mixture of this oil and water, which of the following
pictures represents its equilibrium position?
[2010]
Options:

A.
B.

C.

D.

Answer: B
Solution:
Solution:
Oil will float on water so, (b) or (d) is the correct option. But density of ball is more than that of oil,,
hence it will sink in oil.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question308
Two identical charged spheres are suspended by strings of equal
lengths. The strings make an angle of 30° with each other. When
−3
suspended in a liquid of density 0.8gcm , the angle remains the
same. If density of the material of the sphere is 1.6gcm−3 , the
dielectric constant of the liquid is
[2010]
Options:

A. 4

B. 3

C. 2

D. 1

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:

F e = T sin 30°
mg = T cos 30°
F
⇒tan 30° = e ......(i)
mg
In liquid,
F ′e = T ′ sin 30° .....(A)
mg = F B + T ′ cos 30°
But F B = Buoyant force

= V (d − ρ)g = V (1.6 − 0.8)g = 0.8V g

= 0.8 m g = 0.8mg = mg
d 1.6 2
∴mg = mg + T ′ cos 30°
2
⇒ mg = T ′ cos 30° ......(B)
2
2F e′
From (A) and (B), tan 30° =
mg
From (1) and (2)
F e 2F e′
= .......(2)
mg mg
⇒F e = 2F e′
If K be the dielectric constant, then
F
F e′ = e
K
2F e
∴F e = ⇒K =2
K

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question309
Two wires are made of the same material and have the same volume.
However wire 1 has cross-sectional area A and wire 2 has cross-
sectional area 3A. If the length of wire 1 increases by Δx on applying
force F, how much force is needed to stretch wire 2 by the same
amount?
[2009]
Options:

A. 4 F

B. 6 F

C. 9 F
D. F

Answer: C

Solution:
Solution:

For wire 1
Length, L1 = 1
Area, A1 = A
For wire 2
l
Length, L2 =
3
Area, A2 = 3A
As the wires are made of same material, so they will have same young's modulus.
For wire 1
Y = F ∕ A .......(i)
Δx ∕ l
For wire 2 ,
Y = F ′ ∕ 3A ........(ii)
Δ x
(l ∕ 3)
From (i) and (ii) we get,
F × l = F ′ × l ⇒F =
′ 9F
A Δx 3A 3Δx

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question310
A long metallic bar is carrying heat from one of its ends to the other
end under steady–state. The variation of temperature θ along the
length x of the bar from its hot end is best described by which of the
following figures?
[2009]
Options:
A.

B.

C.

D.

Answer: A

Solution:
Solution:
Let Q be the temperature at a distance x from hot end of bar. Let Q is the temperature of hot end.
The heat flow rate is given by
d Q kA(θ1 − θ)
=
dt x
⇒θ1 − θ = x d Q
kA d t
⇒θ = θ1 − x d Q
kA d t
Thus, the graph of Q versus x is a straight line with a positive intercept and a negative slope.
The above equation can be graphically represented by option (a).

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question311
A jar is filled with two non-mixing liquids 1 and 2 having densities
ρ1 and, ρ2 respectively. A solid ball, made of a material of density
rho3, is dropped in the jar. It comes to equilibrium in the position
shown in the figure. Which of the following is true for ρ1, ρ2 and ρ3 ?
[2008]
Options:

A. ρ3 < ρ1 < ρ2

B. ρ1 > ρ3 > ρ2

C. ρ1 < ρ2 < ρ3

D. ρ1 < ρ3 < ρ2

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
As liquid 1 floats over liquid 2 . The lighter liquid floats over heavier liquid. So, ρ1 < ρ2
Also ρ3 < ρ2 because the ball of density rho3 does not sink to the bottom of the jar.
Also ρ3 > ρ1 otherwise the ball would have floated in liquid 1 . we conclude that
ρ1 < ρ3 < ρ2

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question312
A spherical solid ball of volume V is made of a material of density
ρ1 . It is falling through a liquid of density ρ1(ρ2 < ρ1). Assume that
the liquid applies a viscous force on the ball that is proportional to
the square of its speed v, i.e., F viscous = −kv2(k > 0). The terminal
speed of the ball is
[2008]
Options:

A. √ V g(ρ1 − ρ2)
k

V gρ1
B. k

C. √ V gρ1
k

V g(ρ1 − ρ2)
D. k

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
When the ball attains terminal velocity
Weight of the ball = Buoyant force + Viscous force

∴V ρ1g = V ρ2g + kvt2 ⇒V g(ρ1 − ρ2)g = kvt2

√
V g(ρ1 − ρ2)
⇒vt =
k

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question313
A capillary tube (A) is dipped in water. Another identical tube (B) is
dipped in a soap-water solution. Which of the following shows the
relative nature of the liquid columns in the two tubes?
[2008]
Options:

A.

B.

C.

D.
Answer: C

Solution:
Solution:
2σ cos θ
In case of water, the meniscus shape is concave upwards. From ascent formula h =
rρg
The surface tension (σ) of soap solution is less than water. Therefore height of capillary rise for
soap solution should be less as compared to water. As in the case of water, the meniscus shape of
soap solution is also concave upwards.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question314
One end of a thermally insulated rod is kept at a temperature T 1
and the other at T 2. The rod is composed of two sections of length l 1
and l 2 and thermal conductivities K 1 and K 2 respectively. The
temperature at the interface of the two section is

[2007]
Options:

(K 1l 1T 1 + K 2l 2T 2)
A. (K 1l 1 + K 2l 2)

(K 2l 2T 1 + K 1l 1T 2)
B.
(K 1l 1 + K 2l 2)

(K 2l 1T 1 + K 1l 2T 2)
C.
(K 2l 1 + K 1l 2)

(K 1l 2T 1 + K 2l 1T 2)
D. (K 1l 2 + K 2l 1)

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
Let T be the temperature of the interface. In the steady state, Q1 = Q2

K 1A(T 1 − T ) K 2A(T − T 2)
∴ =
l1 l2
where A is the area of cross-section.
⇒K 1A(T 1 − T )l 2 = K 2A(T − T 2)l 1
⇒K 1T 1l 2 − K 1T l 2 = K 2T l 1 − K 2T 2l 1
⇒(K 2l 1 + K 1l 2)T = K 1T 1l 2 + K 2T 2l 1
K T l + K 2T 2l 1
⇒T = 1 1 2
K 2l 1 + K 1l 2
K l T + K 2l 1T 2
= 1 2 1
K 1l 2 + K 2l 1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question315
A wire elongates by l mm when a load W is hanged from it. If the
wire goes over a pulley and two weights W each are hung at the two
ends, the elongation of the wire will be (in mm)
[2006]
Options:

A. l

B. 2l

C. zero

D. l/2

Answer: A

Solution:
Solution:
Case (i)

At equilibrium, T = W
W ∕A
Young's modules, Y = .......(i)
l ∕L
W × L
Elongation, l =
A Y
Case (ii) At equilibrium T = W
∴ Young's moduls, Y = W ∕ A
l ∕2
L∕2
⇒Y = W ∕ A ⇒l = W × L
l ∕L A Y
⇒ Elongation is the same.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question316
If the terminal speed of a sphere of gold (density = 19.5kg ∕ m3 ) is
0.2m ∕ s in a viscous liquid (density = 1.5 kg ∕ m3 ), find the terminal
speed of a sphere of silver (density = 10.5kg ∕ m3 ) of the same size in
the same liquid
[2006]
Options:

A. 0.4 m/s

B. 0.133 m/s

C. 0.1 m/s

D. 0.2 m/s

Answer: C

Solution:
Solution:
Given,
Density of gold, ρG = 19.5kg ∕ m3
Density of silver, rho5 = 10.5kg ∕ m3
Density of liquid, σ = 1.5kg ∕ m3
2r2(ρ − σ)g
Terminal velocity, vT =
9η
vT (10.5 − 1.5) 9
∴ 2= ⇒vT = 0.2 ×
0.2 (19.5 − 1.5) 2 18
∴vT = 0.1m ∕ s
2

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question317
Assuming the Sun to be a spherical body of radius R at a
temperature of T K , evaluate the total radiant powered incident of
Earth at a distance r from the Sun
[2006]
Options:
4
A. 4πr02R2σ T2
r

4
B. πr02R2σ T2
r

4
C. r0 R σ T
2 2
4πr2

2 T4
D. R σ
r2

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
From stefan's law, total power radiated by operatorname Sun, E = σT 4 × 4πR2
The intensity of power Per unit area incident on earth's surface
σT 4 × 4πR2
=
4πr2
Total power received by Earth
σT 4R2
E ′ = E 2 × Cross − Section area of earth facing the sun = 2
(πr02)
4πr r
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question318
Two rigid boxes containing different ideal gases are placed on a
table. Box A contains one mole of nitrogen at temperature T 0 , while

Box contains one mole of helium at temperature ( ) T . The boxes

7
3 0
are then put into thermal contact with each other, and heat flows
between them until the gases reach a common final temperature
(ignore the heat capacity of boxes). Then, the final temperature of
the gases, T f in terms of T 0 is
[2006]
Options:

A. T f = 3 T 0
7

B. T f = 7 T 0
3

C. T f = 3 T 0
2

D. T f = 5 T 0
2

Answer: C

Solution:
Solution:
When two gases are mixed to gether then
Heat lost by He gas = Heat gained by N 2 gas
n1Cv ΔT 1 = n2Cv ΔT 2
1 2

2 3 [
3R 7T − T
0 f ]
= 5 R[T f − T 0]
2
7T 0 − 3T f = 5T f − 5T 0
⇒12T 0 = 8T f ⇒ T f = 12 T 0
8
3
⇒T f = T 0 ..
2

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question319
If ‘S’ is stress and ‘Y’ is young’s modulus of material of a wire, the
energy stored in the wire per unit volume is
[2005]
Options:

S2
A. 2Y

B. 2S2Y

C. S
2Y

D. 2Y2
S

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
Energystored in the wire per unit volume,
E = 1 × stress × strain .......(i)
2
We know that,
Y = stress
strain
stress
⇒ strain =
Y
On substituting the expression of strain in equation (i) we get
2
E = 1 × stress × stress = 1 . S
2 Y 2 Y

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question320
A 20cm long capillary tube is dipped in water. The water rises up to
8cm. If the entire arrangement is put in a freely falling elevator the
length of water column in the capillary tube will be
[2005]
Options:
A. 10cm

B. 8cm

C. 20cm

D. 4cm

Answer: C

Solution:
Solution:
Water fills the tube entirely in gravityless condition i.e., 20 cm.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question321
The figure shows a system of two concentric spheres of radii r1 and
r2 are kept at temperatures T 1 and T 2, respectively. The radial rate
of flow of heat in a substance between the two concentric spheres is
proportional to

[2005]
Options:

A. l n n2( )
r

(r2 − r1)
B.
(r1r2)

C. (r2 − r1)

r1 r2
D.
(r2 − r1)
Answer: D

Solution:
Solution:

Consider a thin concentric shell of thickness (dr) and of radius (r) and let the temperature of inner
and outer surfaces of this shell be T and (T – dT) respectively.
The radial rate of flow of heat through this elementary shell will be
d Q = K A[(T − d T ) − T ] = −K Ad T
dt dr dr
2d T 2
= −4πK r (∵A = 4πr )
dr
Since the area of the surface through which heat will flow is not constant. Integrating both sides
between the limits of radii and temperatures of the two shells, we get
r T2

( )
dQ 2 1
∫ d r = −4πK ∫ d T
d t r 1 r2 T1
r2 T2

( ddQt ) ∫ r
r1
−2
d r = −4πK ∫ d T
T1

[
d t r1 r2 ]
d Q 1 − 1 = −4πK [T − T ]
2 1

d Q −4πK 1r2(T 2 − T 1)
or =
dt (r2 − r1)
rr
∴d Q ∝ 1 2
dt (r2 − r1)

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question322
A wire fixed at the upper end stretches by length l by applying a
force F . The work done in stretching is
[2004]
Options:

A. 2F l
B. F l

C. F
2l

D. F l
2

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
Let A and L be the area and length of the wire. Work done by constant force in displacing the wire
by a distance l
= change in potential energy
1
= × stress × strain × volume
2
1 F l Fl
= × × ×A×L=
2 A L 2

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question323
Spherical balls of radius ‘R’ are falling in a viscous fluid of viscosity
‘η’ with a velocity ‘v’. The retarding viscous force acting on the
spherical ball is
[2004]
Options:

A. inversely proportional to both radius ‘R’ and velocity ‘v’

B. directly proportional to both radius ‘R’ and velocity ‘v’

C. directly proportional to ‘R’ but inversely proportional to ‘v’

D. inversely proportional to ‘R’ but directly proportional to velocity ‘v’

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
From Stoke's law, force of viscosity acting on a spherical body is F = 6πηrv
hence F is directly proportional to radius & velocity.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question324
If two soap bubbles of different radii are connected by a tube
[2004]
Options:

A. air flows from the smaller bubble to the bigger

B. air flows from bigger bubble to the smaller bubble till the sizes are interchanged

C. air flows from the bigger bubble to the smaller bubble till the sizes become equal

D. there is no flow of air.

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
Let pressure outside be P0 and r and R be the radius of smaller bubble and bigger bubble
respectively.
2T
∴ Pressure P1 For smaller bubble = P0 +
r
P2 For bigger bubble = P0 + 2T (R > r)
R
∴P1 > P2
hence air moves from smaller bubble to bigger bubble.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question325
If the temperature of the sun were to increase from T to 2T and its
radius from R to 2R, then the ratio of the radiant energy received on
earth to what it was previously will be
[2004]
Options:

A. 32

B. 16

C. 4
D. 64

Answer: D

Solution:
Solution:
From stefan's law, energy radiated by sun per second
E = σAT 4
∴A ∝ R2
∴E ∝ R2T 4
E 2 R22T 24
∴ =
E 1 R 2T 4
1 1
put R2 = 2R, R1 = R; T 2 = 2T , T 1 = T
E 2
)4 = 64
⇒ 2 = (2R)2(2T
E1 R T4

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question326
The temperature of the two outer surfaces of a composite slab,
consisting of two materials having coefficients of thermal
conductivity K and 2K and thickness x and 4x,respectively, are T 2
and T 1(T 2 > T 1). The rate of heat transfer through the slab, in a

steady state is ( A(T 2 − T 1)K

x ) f , with f equal to

[2004]
Options:

A. 2
3

B. 1
2
C. 1

D. 1
3

Answer: D

Solution:
Solution:
The thermal resistance is given by
x + 4x = x + 2x = 3x
K A 2K A K A K A K A
Amount of heat flow per second,
d Q = ΔT = (T 2 − T 1)K A
dt 3x 3x
KA

=1
3 { A(T 2 − T 1)K
x }
∴f = 1
3

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question327
The earth radiates in the infra-red region of the spectrum. The
spectrum is correctly given by
[2003]
Options:

A. Rayleigh Jeans law

B. Planck’s law of radiation

C. Stefan’s law of radiation

D. Wien’s law

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
Wein’s law correctly explains the spectrum

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question328
According to Newton's law of cooling, the rate of cooling of a body is
proportional to (Δθ)n , where Δθ is the difference of the temperature
of the body and the surroundings, and n is equal to
[2003]
Options:

A. two

B. three

C. four

D. one

Answer: D

Solution:
Solution:
dQ ∝
From Newton's law of cooling − (Δθ)
dt

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question329
A cylinder of height 20 m is completely filled with water.
The velocity of efflux of water (in ms−1) through a small hole on the
side wall of the cylinder near its bottom is
[2002]
Options:

A. 10

B. 20

C. 25.5

D. 5

Answer: B

Solution:
Solution:
Given, Height of cylinder, h = 20cm Acceleration due to gravity, g = 10ms−2
Velocity of efflux v = √2gh
Where h is the height of the free surface of liquid from the hole
⇒v = √2 × 10 × 20 = 20m ∕ s

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question330
Heat given to a body which raises its temperature by 1°C is
[2002]
Options:

A. water equivalent

B. thermal capacity

C. specific heat

D. temperature gradient

Answer: B

Solution:
Solution:
Heat required for raising the temperature of a body through 1ºC is called its thermal capacity.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question331
Infrared radiation is detected by
[2002]
Options:

A. spectrometer

B. pyrometer

C. nanometer

D. photometer
Answer: B

Solution:
Solution:
Pyrometer is used to detect infra-red radiation

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question332
Which of the following is more close to a black body?
[2002]
Options:

A. black board paint

B. green leaves

C. black holes

D. red roses

Answer: A

Solution:
Solution:
Black body is one which absorb all incident radiation.
Black board paint is quite approximately equal to black bodies.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question333
If mass-energy equivalence is taken into account, when water is
cooled to form ice, the mass of water should
[2002]
Options:

A. increase

B. remain unchanged
C. decrease

D. first increase then decrease

Answer: C

Solution:
Solution:
When water is cooled at 0°C to form ice, energy is released from water in the form of heat. As
energy is equivalent to mass, therefore, when water is cooled to ice, its mass decreases.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question334
Two spheres of the same material have radii 1 m and 4 m and
temperatures 4000 K and 2000 K respectively. The ratio of the
energy radiated per second by the first sphereto that by the second
is
[2002]
Options:

A. 1 : 1

B. 16 : 1

C. 4 : 1

D. 1 : 9

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
From stefan's law, the energy radiated per second is given by E = eσT 4A
Here, T = temperature of the body
A = surface area of the body For same material e is same. σ is stefan's constant
Let T 1 and T 2 be the temperature of two spheres. A1 and A2 be the area of two spheres.
E 1 T 14A1 T 144πr12
∴ = = 4
E 2 T 4A T 2 4πr22
2 2
4 2
= (4000)4 × 12 = 1
(2000) × 4 1