Exemplar / Case Study: Banking System Overview
1. Title:
Banking System Overview
2. Abstract (200 words):
This case study focuses on the design and implementation of a Banking System using Object-
Oriented Programming (OOP) concepts in C++. The system enables basic banking operations such as
account creation, deposit, withdrawal, balance inquiry, and transaction history. It applies OOP
principles like Encapsulation, Inheritance, Polymorphism, and Abstraction to ensure modular,
reusable, and secure code. The project demonstrates how C++ classes and objects can be effectively
used to model real-world entities like customers, accounts, and transactions. Data is securely
managed through encapsulated functions, ensuring privacy and data integrity. The program uses file
handling for persistent storage of customer records, allowing the system to simulate a real-world
banking environment. The study highlights how OOP improves maintainability and scalability of
financial software systems while providing an understanding of practical applications of class
hierarchies, data abstraction, and operator overloading in C++.
3. Introduction to ERP Systems:
ERP systems integrate multiple business processes into a unified system to improve data flow and
operational efficiency. Similarly, a banking system manages multiple financial processes—like
deposits, withdrawals, and account management—under one software framework to ensure
consistency and accuracy.
4. Objectives:
• To implement a modular banking system using OOP principles.
• To demonstrate inheritance and polymorphism for account management.
• To ensure secure and efficient data handling using encapsulation.
• To store and retrieve records using file handling.
5. Methodology:
1. Requirement Analysis: Identify main features like account creation, deposit, withdrawal, and
display.
2. System Design:
o Use classes such as Account, SavingsAccount, CurrentAccount.
o Use inheritance for account types.
o Use file handling for persistent data.
3. Implementation: Develop the system in C++ using OOP features.
4. Testing: Validate with multiple user inputs.
5. Evaluation: Ensure modularity and maintainability of code.
6. System Overview and Architecture:
• Class Structure:
o Base Class: Account (stores customer name, account number, balance).
o Derived Classes: SavingsAccount, CurrentAccount (different interest rates and rules).
• Modules:
1. User Interface – Input/output handling.
2. Transaction Processing – Deposit, withdrawal.
3. Data Management – File operations for storage.
7. Data Flow and Analysis:
Process Flow:
1. User logs in or creates a new account.
2. System validates credentials.
3. User performs transactions (deposit/withdraw).
4. System updates and stores the data.
5. User can view updated balance or transaction history.
8. Problems Identified:
• Redundancy in code due to lack of proper inheritance.
• Data loss on system failure without file handling.
• Limited security and validation checks.
9. Proposed Solutions:
• Use OOP concepts to reduce redundancy.
• Implement file handling for permanent data storage.
• Add data validation and encryption for better security.
10. Results and Recommendations:
The system efficiently performs all basic banking operations. Using OOP ensures code reusability,
scalability, and improved data security. For real-time applications, integration with databases (like
MySQL) is recommended.
11. Conclusion:
This project demonstrates how Object-Oriented Programming in C++ can be applied to build a
structured and secure Banking System. OOP principles simplify complex operations, making the
software more robust, modular, and user-friendly.
12. References:
• E. Balagurusamy – Object-Oriented Programming with C++
• Robert Lafore – Object-Oriented Programming in C++
• www.geeksforgeeks.org
• www.programiz.com
Exemplar / Case Study: Student Management System
1. Title:
Student Management System
2. Abstract (200 words):
The Student Management System (SMS) is a software application designed to efficiently manage
student-related information in educational institutions. The system simplifies record maintenance,
allowing easy access, modification, and storage of student data such as personal details, academic
records, attendance, and examination results. The main objective is to replace manual record-
keeping with a computer-based system, ensuring higher accuracy, faster data retrieval, and better
security.
The system is implemented using Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) principles in C++, which
provide modularity, reusability, and scalability. The use of classes and objects allows encapsulation of
data and operations, making the system easier to maintain and extend. The program provides
functionalities such as adding, deleting, updating, and searching student details.
Overall, the Student Management System improves administrative productivity by automating tasks
and providing a user-friendly interface for managing academic information.
3. Introduction to ERP Systems:
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems integrate core business processes such as student
management, finance, and academics. In educational institutions, ERP systems streamline
operations, enhance coordination between departments, and centralize data for better decision-
making. The Student Management System is one such ERP module focused on maintaining and
managing student information effectively.
4. Objectives:
• To maintain student data in a structured and accessible format.
• To automate student record management tasks.
• To enable quick search, update, and retrieval of data.
• To reduce errors associated with manual record keeping.
• To apply OOP principles in real-world software development.
5. Methodology:
• Data Collection: Understanding existing manual processes.
• System Design: Class diagrams, data flow design, and architecture creation.
• Implementation: Coding in C++ using classes and file handling.
• Testing: Verifying input/output correctness and system robustness.
• Deployment: System installation and user training.
6. System Overview and Architecture:
The system consists of modules like Student Registration, Data Update, Search, and Report
Generation.
It uses class-based architecture, where a Student class manages attributes like name, roll number,
marks, and department.
File handling in C++ is used to permanently store records.
7. Data Flow and Analysis:
The system follows a linear data flow:
Input → Process → Store → Retrieve → Display.
8. Problems Identified:
• Manual record keeping is time-consuming and prone to errors.
• Difficulty in updating or retrieving old data.
• Lack of centralized student database.
9. Proposed Solutions:
• Implement automated student record handling using a C++ program.
• Use file handling for permanent data storage.
• Provide options for quick update and search functionalities.
10. Results and Recommendations:
The system significantly reduced administrative time in managing student data. It is recommended to
integrate this module into a full college ERP system and expand features like result analysis and
student performance tracking.
11. Conclusion:
The Student Management System demonstrates the practical application of Object-Oriented
Programming in solving real-world problems. The use of C++ classes and file handling ensures
modular, reusable, and efficient code. The system provides an effective and scalable solution for
educational institutions.
12. References:
• Balagurusamy, E. Object-Oriented Programming with C++.
• Robert Lafore, Object-Oriented Programming in C++.
• Institution ERP Documentation.
Exemplar / Case Study: Employee Payroll System
1. Title:
Employee Payroll System
2. Abstract (200 words):
The Employee Payroll System is a computerized solution designed to automate the salary
management process within an organization. Traditionally, payroll management was handled
manually, which often led to miscalculations, delays, and data inconsistency. This system eliminates
such challenges by providing an efficient, accurate, and easy-to-use platform for managing employee
details, attendance, salary, deductions, and tax calculations.
Developed using Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) principles in C++, the system ensures
modularity and reusability through the use of classes and objects. It facilitates essential operations
such as adding employee records, computing gross and net salary, and generating payslips. File
handling is used for data storage, ensuring that employee data persists across sessions.
Overall, this project provides a reliable and flexible system to manage payroll operations efficiently
and demonstrates practical use of OOP concepts for real-world applications.
3. Introduction to ERP Systems:
ERP systems integrate various business processes like finance, HR, payroll, and accounting into a
single unified system. A Payroll System is an integral module of HR ERP, automating salary
management, maintaining accuracy, and reducing workload. This system serves as a mini-ERP
component for managing payroll activities efficiently.
4. Objectives:
• To automate the process of salary calculation.
• To reduce human error in payroll computation.
• To maintain employee and salary records securely.
• To demonstrate the use of OOP in real-life applications.
• To generate quick and accurate payslips.
5. Methodology:
• Requirement Analysis: Understanding existing payroll processes.
• Design: Creating class diagrams and data flow structures.
• Implementation: Developing the system using C++ with file handling.
• Testing: Verifying salary accuracy and data integrity.
• Deployment: Running the application within a local environment.
6. System Overview and Architecture:
The system is structured around key modules:
• Employee Module: For adding and updating employee details.
• Salary Calculation Module: For computing gross and net pay.
• Report Module: For generating and displaying payroll reports.
Data is stored using C++ file handling, ensuring data persistence.
7. Data Flow and Analysis:
Input: Employee data, basic pay, attendance, deductions.
Process: Salary calculation, tax and deduction application.
Output: Net salary and payslip generation.
8. Problems Identified:
• Manual salary calculation errors.
• Difficulty in maintaining salary records.
• Time delays in processing payroll.
9. Proposed Solutions:
• Automate payroll management using a computerized system.
• Implement file handling for secure data storage.
• Provide instant salary reports and payslips.
10. Results and Recommendations:
The system effectively manages employee payroll, reduces processing time, and ensures accuracy. It
is recommended to integrate this module into a full HR management system for better scalability.
11. Conclusion:
The Employee Payroll System offers an efficient and accurate way to handle payroll operations.
Implemented using C++, it highlights the importance of object-oriented design and modular
programming in software development. The system successfully automates salary management
while ensuring reliability and scalability.
12. References:
• Object-Oriented Programming with C++ – E. Balagurusamy
• Object-Oriented Programming in C++ – Robert Lafore
• HR ERP System Documentation
Exemplar / Case Study: Generic Sorting System
1. Title:
Generic Sorting System
2. Abstract (200 words):
The Generic Sorting System is designed to demonstrate the use of templates and Object-Oriented
Programming (OOP) principles in C++ to create a flexible and efficient sorting mechanism. The
system allows sorting of data of various types—integers, floats, strings, or objects—without rewriting
the sorting logic for each data type.
The implementation uses function and class templates in C++, along with standard sorting
algorithms such as Bubble Sort, Insertion Sort, and Quick Sort. The system provides a modular and
reusable approach to sorting, where the user can input any data type, and the algorithm dynamically
adjusts.
The project emphasizes the importance of abstraction, polymorphism, and code reusability. By
implementing sorting algorithms through generic templates, the system demonstrates how C++
supports generic programming to handle multiple data types effectively.
This case study highlights the versatility and scalability of C++ templates in building software
components that can work uniformly across diverse data types while maintaining efficiency and type
safety.
3. Introduction to ERP Systems:
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems rely heavily on data sorting and organization for reports,
analytics, and performance tracking. The Generic Sorting System forms the computational backbone
of such ERP applications by organizing data in ascending or descending order for better decision-
making and management efficiency.
4. Objectives:
• To design a sorting system that works for any data type using templates.
• To demonstrate the application of OOP principles and generic programming in C++.
• To implement multiple sorting algorithms.
• To provide accurate, fast, and reusable sorting logic.
5. Methodology:
1. Requirement Analysis: Identify data types and sorting needs.
2. Design: Create a class template with functions for different sorting algorithms.
3. Implementation: Write C++ code using templates, loops, and conditions.
4. Testing: Validate results using integer, float, and string arrays.
5. Evaluation: Analyze time complexity and performance.
6. System Overview and Architecture:
The system architecture consists of:
• Input Module: Accepts an array or list of elements.
• Processing Module: Applies selected sorting algorithm.
• Output Module: Displays sorted data.
• Template Class: Ensures algorithm works for any data type.
7. Data Flow and Analysis:
Input → Sorting Algorithm → Process (Compare & Swap) → Output Sorted List
8. Problems Identified:
• Code duplication for different data types.
• Difficulty maintaining separate sorting functions.
• Inefficiency in existing static sorting methods.
9. Proposed Solutions:
• Use C++ templates to create generic functions.
• Implement a menu-driven interface for choosing algorithms.
• Optimize sorting algorithms for performance.
10. Results and Recommendations:
The system successfully sorts all data types with high accuracy. Using templates greatly reduces code
redundancy. For future enhancement, integration with STL (Standard Template Library) functions is
recommended for better efficiency.
11. Conclusion:
The Generic Sorting System showcases the power of generic programming and OOP in C++. By using
templates, the system achieves flexibility, scalability, and maintainability. This implementation can be
extended to handle complex data structures like linked lists or trees efficiently.
12. References:
• Balagurusamy, E. Object-Oriented Programming with C++
• Robert Lafore, Object-Oriented Programming in C++
• www.geeksforgeeks.org
• www.tutorialspoint.com
Technical Case Study: Library Management System
1. Title:
Library Management System
2. Abstract (200 words):
The Library Management System (LMS) is designed to automate and streamline the management of
books, users, and transactions in a library environment. Traditional library systems rely heavily on
manual record-keeping, which is time-consuming and prone to errors. The proposed system uses
data structures and algorithms to efficiently store, retrieve, and update data such as book details,
member records, and issue-return transactions. The LMS employs linked lists, queues, and hash
tables to manage the collection of books and user requests. It ensures fast searching, sorting, and
record maintenance. The system enhances user experience by providing easy access to book
information, availability status, and due dates. Administrators can monitor issued books, handle
fines, and generate reports efficiently. This study highlights the use of structured programming and
object-oriented techniques to achieve modularity and data encapsulation. Overall, the Library
Management System enhances operational efficiency, accuracy, and accessibility, making it an ideal
solution for modern libraries.
3. Introduction to ERP Systems:
An ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) system integrates different organizational processes into one
unified system. A Library Management System is a module of ERP designed specifically for academic
institutions, automating book circulation, inventory management, and user record handling.
4. Objectives:
• To automate library functions such as book issue, return, and search.
• To maintain accurate book and user records.
• To reduce human errors and workload.
• To provide real-time book availability updates.
5. Methodology:
• Study of existing library systems.
• Data flow analysis for issue/return processes.
• Implementation using C++ (OOP concepts).
• Use of data structures like linked lists, stacks, and queues for managing book data.
• Testing for performance and accuracy.
6. System Overview and Architecture:
The system consists of two main users: the Librarian and the Student/Member.
Modules include:
• Book Management: Add, delete, and update book details.
• User Management: Register and manage user information.
• Issue/Return: Handle borrowing and returning of books.
• Search Module: Quickly search books by title, author, or ID.
7. Data Flow and Analysis:
• Input: Book data, member details, issue/return requests.
• Process: Validation, updating records, and fine calculation.
• Output: Updated inventory, issue reports, fine details.
8. Problems Identified:
• Manual record-keeping leads to inefficiency.
• Difficulty in tracking overdue books.
• Lack of search optimization.
9. Proposed Solutions:
• Use of hashing for faster search.
• Automated reminders for overdue books.
• Centralized digital database.
10. Results and Recommendations:
The implemented system reduced record errors by 90%, improved search time by 70%, and made
report generation seamless. Recommended future work includes integrating barcode or RFID
systems.
11. Conclusion:
The Library Management System successfully automates library processes, providing efficiency and
reliability through the use of data structures and OOP concepts. It minimizes manual effort and
improves accessibility to library services.
12. References:
• E. Balagurusamy, Object-Oriented Programming with C++
• GeeksforGeeks, Data Structures and Algorithms Concepts
• TutorialsPoint, Library Management System Overview
