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Sewage Disposal Last3 Expanded

The document discusses crown corrosion, sewage sickness, and effluent standards in sewage disposal. Crown corrosion is caused by H2S gas leading to concrete deterioration, while sewage sickness results from untreated sewage causing anaerobic conditions in soil. Effluent standards are crucial for ensuring treated sewage is safe for public health and the environment, with specific limits on various parameters.

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Teja K
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7 views2 pages

Sewage Disposal Last3 Expanded

The document discusses crown corrosion, sewage sickness, and effluent standards in sewage disposal. Crown corrosion is caused by H2S gas leading to concrete deterioration, while sewage sickness results from untreated sewage causing anaerobic conditions in soil. Effluent standards are crucial for ensuring treated sewage is safe for public health and the environment, with specific limits on various parameters.

Uploaded by

Teja K
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Sewage Disposal - Last 3 Topics (Expanded)

4. Crown Corrosion
Introduction:
Crown corrosion is the deterioration of the top part of sewers due to chemical attack by acids formed
from sewage gases. It is common in concrete sewers carrying septic sewage.

Mechanism / Process:
1. Anaerobic sewage produces H2S gas.
2. H2S rises and accumulates at the crown.
3. Thiobacillus bacteria oxidize H2S to H2SO4.
4. Acid reacts with concrete forming gypsum and ettringite, causing cracks and spalling.

Effects:
- Weakening of sewer structure
- Shortened service life
- Odour nuisance

Prevention / Control Measures:


- Proper ventilation to remove H2S
- Acid-resistant linings (PVC, epoxy)
- Maintain self-cleansing velocity
- Regular inspection and maintenance

Conclusion:
Understanding crown corrosion is crucial for durable sewer design and avoiding structural failures.

5. Sewage Sickness
Introduction:
Occurs when land continuously receives untreated/partially treated sewage, leading to anaerobic
soil conditions, odour, and reduced infiltration.

Causes:
- Continuous application without rest periods
- Heavy clayey or poorly drained soil
- Untreated or highly polluted sewage
- Excessive BOD/solids loading
Effects / Symptoms:
- Foul odour from anaerobic decomposition
- Clogged soil pores, reduced infiltration
- Surface scum and sludge patches
- Growth of flies, mosquitoes, vectors

Prevention / Control Measures:


- Treat sewage before application
- Use alternate plots and allow rest/drying
- Ensure subsoil drainage
- Maintain proper loading rates

Conclusion:
Proper land application prevents sewage sickness and maintains soil fertility and environmental
safety.

6. Effluent Standards
Introduction:
Ensure treated sewage does not harm public health, aquatic life, or environment.

Key Parameters and Limits:


- pH: 5.5 - 9 (Neutral)
- BOD (3 days, 27°C): <= 30 mg/L
- COD: <= 250 mg/L
- Suspended Solids: <= 100 mg/L
- Oil & Grease: <= 10 mg/L
- Faecal Coliform: <= 1000 MPN/100 mL
- Dissolved Oxygen (DO): >= 4 mg/L

Significance:
- Prevent oxygen depletion in water bodies
- Protect human health from pathogens
- Maintain ecological balance
- Ensure legal compliance

Conclusion:
Following effluent standards is essential for sustainable and safe sewage disposal.

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