NDURURUMO HIGH SCHOOL
FORM 2
NOV/DEC 2025 HOLIDAY ASSIGNMENT
1. The temperature- time graph obtained when ice was heated to its boiling point is given
below.
B X
O
A
Time in minutes
(i) Describe the changes in along regions A, B, C and D. (2 Marks)
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(ii) Explain why both B and D levelled off? (1 mark)
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2. Study the table below and answer the questions that follow
GAS Colour physical effect Solubility in water Density Reaction with
compared with Conc. Sulphuric
air acid
A Poisonous Insoluble Less dense No reaction
B Pleasant Slightly More dense No reaction
C Choking smell Very soluble Less dense Forms salt
Yes
D Insoluble Little more No reaction
E Rotten eggs poisons Slightly Heavier Reacts Yes
F Pungent Soluble More dense No reaction
(a) Which of the above gases would you collect over water in the laboratory? (1 mark)
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(b) Which of the above gases would you collect over water in a fume cupboard? (1 mark)
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(c) Which gas would you collect by (I) fume cupboard delivery (ii) downward delivery? (1
mark)……………………………………………………………………………………….
(d) Name the drying agent for gas C and identify the gas. (2 marks)
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(e) Which of these gases would you dry by passing through concentrated sulphuric acid?
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3. Describe experiment to show that the following gases exists in the atmospheric air.
a) Oxygen (2 marks)
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b) Carbon (IV) oxide (2 marks)
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4. Fill the table below stating what happens in each column when elements are burnt in oxygen.
( 7 marks)
Element How it burns oxygen Product Colour of product in
Litmus solution
Sodium Bright Golden yellow
flame
Sulphur Bright blue flame
Phosphorus White flame
Carbon Red glow Red
Iron Yellow sparks
Magnesium Bright white flame Blue
Copper Blue flame
Calcium Bright red flame
5. (a) The grid below represents part of the periodic table. The letters do not represent the
actual chemical symbols of the elements.
P R M G
T K
(i) Select the least reactive element. Explain your answer. (2 marks)
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(ii) What type of structure would the chloride of P have? Explain your answer. (2 marks)
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(iii) Which of the element P and G has a larger atomic radius? Explain your answer.(2
marks)……………………………………………………………………………………
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(iv)
How does the reactivity of element M compare with that of element L? Explain
your answer. (2 marks)
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(b) (i) It was found that the aqueous solution of an oxide of T has a higher PH value than an
aqueous solution of an oxide of R of the same concentration. Explain this observation.
(2 marks)
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(ii) Would you expect the molten compound formed when P reacts with M conduct
electricity? Explain your answer. (2 marks)
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6. (a) (i) What are allotropes ( 1 mark)
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(ii) Describe the proof for allotropy using carbon (2 marks)
(iii) Name one element that shows allotropy apart from carbon (1 mark)
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(b) (I) Name the element present in pure charcoal (1 mark)
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(II) Explain why it is dangerous to use a charcoal stove in a poorly ventilated room (1 mark)
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(iii) Write equation for the reaction between charcoal and heated iron(III) oxide (1 mark)
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7. A) A solution of sodium carbonate was added to a solution of calcium ions
(i) State what was observed (1 mark)
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(ii) Write the ionic equation for the reaction (1 mark)
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B) Dilute hydrochloric acid was added to the mixture formed above
i. State what was observed (1 mark)
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ii. Write equation for the reaction (1 mark)
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8. (a) Explain how a pure sample of carbon dioxide can be prepared in the laboratory from
calcium carbonate and write the equation for the reaction that takes place. (3 marks)
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9. (a) State 2 set of reagents that can be used in preparation of chlorine gas . (2 marks)
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(b) State and explain what would be observed if chlorine was
bubbled through a
(i) Blue litmus solution ( 2 marks)
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(ii) Potassium bromide solution (2 marks)
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(iii) Solution of iron(II) ions (2 marks)
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(c) Write equation for the reaction in b(ii) and b(iii) (2 marks)
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(d) Write equation for the reaction between chlorine and
(i) Heated iron (1 mark)
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(ii) Cold dilute calcium hydroxide solution (1 mark)
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(iii) Hot concentrated potassium hydroxide solution (1 mark)
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13. (a). Dry hydrogen chloride gas can be prepared by reacting potassium chloride with
substance T. The gas is the passed through concentrated sulphuric acid and the collected.
(i). Name substance T…………………... (1 mark)
(iii). State what is observed during the reaction. (1 mark)
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(iv). Write the equation for the reaction leading to the formation of hydrogen chloride. (1 ma
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(v). State the role of concentrated sulphuric acid. (1 mark)
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(vi). Name the method of collection of the gas. Give a reason for your answer.
(2marks)
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Name a reagent that can be used to identify hydrogen chloride in the
laboratory, state what is observed and write equation for the reaction. (2 marks)
(c). Explain why a solution of hydrogen chloride in water turns blue litmus red, while
a solution of the gas in chloroform does not. (1 mark)
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(d). Describe how you can test for the presence of chloride ions in the laboratory,
include an equation for the reaction. (3 marks)
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€ Explain why an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride is an electrolyte whereas a
solution of the gas in methylbenzene is a non – electrolyte (1 mark)
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(f) An aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride was added drop wise to 4.2g of solid
sodium hydrogen carbonate until there was no further change
(i) State what was observed (1 mark)
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(ii) Write equation for the reaction(s) between the gas produced and calcium
hydroxide (2 marks)
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14. Name the type of bonding and structure found in: -
a) Ice (1 mark)
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b) Magnesium chloride (1 mark)
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15. Using dots (•) and crosses (x) to represent electrons show bonding
in: (2 marks)
a) -
NH 2 ( N=7, H=1) b) S8 (S = 16)
16. Below is a table oxides of some period three elements
Oxides Na2O P4O6 SO2 Cl2O
State at room temp Solid Solid Gas Gas
a) Give the systematic name of Cl2O (1 mark)
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b) Explain why Na2O exists as a solid whereas SO2 is a gas at room
temperature (2 marks)
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17. The table below shows properties of period three chlorides
Formular of compound NaCl MgCl2 AlCl3 SiCl4
Boiling point oC 1470oC 1420oC 180oC 60oC
Explain why SiCl4 solid has a much lower boiling point than MgCl2 solid (2 marks)
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[Link] with lead carbonate describe how lead sulphate would be prepared (3 marks)
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18. (a) Differentiate the following terms :-
Electrolyte and non-electrolyte (1 mark)
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(b) The diagram below is a set-up used to investigate the conductivity of
electric current by some aqueous solution. Study it and answer the questions that
follow;
(i) State the observation made on the bulb when each of the following
solution were put onto the beaker
(a) Sugar solution (1 mark
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(b) Salt solution (1 mark
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(ii) Classify the substance in (i) above as either electrolyte or non-electrolyte
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c) If in the above set-up of apparatus, the substance to be tested is Lead( II)
bromide, what modification should be included in the set-up? (1 mark)
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d) Write an Ionic equation at the electrodes and state the observation after the
modification: - (4 marks)
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19. The diagram below represents a set-up used to obtain nitrogen from
air. Study it and answer the questions that follow:-
a) Name solid R ( 1 mark)
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b) What is the purpose of sodium hydroxide? ( 1 mark)
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Write an equation for the reaction which took place in tube “P”
c)
( 1 mark)
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d) Give the name of one impurity in the nitrogen gas obtained.
( 1 mark)
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e) Give a reason why liquid nitrogen is used for storage of
semen for artificial insemination. ( 1 mark)
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20. 30cm3 of hydrogen chloride gas diffuses through a porous pot in 20seconds. How
long would it take 42cm3 of sulphur(IV) oxide gas to diffuse through the same pot under
the same conditions (H =1 Cl = 35.5 S = 32 O =16) (3 marks)
21. The set- up below was used to investigate the rate of diffusion of different gases.
a) Explain why a coloured liquid is used in this experiment.
(1mark)
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b) State and explain the observation made after 20 minutes.
(2marks)
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