Digital Image Processing
Definition: Digital Image Processing (DIP) is the use of computer algorithms to perform image
processing on digital images. It involves manipulating pixel data to improve image quality, extract
meaningful information, or prepare the image for further analysis.
Objectives of Digital Image Processing:
• Image Enhancement – Improve visual appearance.
• Image Restoration – Remove distortions or degradations.
• Image Compression – Reduce file size for storage/transmission.
• Image Segmentation – Divide the image into meaningful regions.
• Image Recognition/Analysis – Identify and classify objects.
Fundamental Steps in Digital Image Processing:
1. Image Acquisition: Capturing the image using a camera or scanner and converting it into digital
form.
2. Image Preprocessing: Improving image quality by removing noise and enhancing contrast.
3. Image Enhancement: Highlighting important features using histogram equalization, sharpening,
etc.
4. Image Restoration: Recovering degraded images using mathematical models.
5. Color Image Processing: Processing images in different color models like RGB, HSV, etc.
6. Wavelet and Multiresolution Processing: Representing images at multiple resolutions.
7. Image Compression: Reducing data size for efficient storage and transmission.
8. Morphological Processing: Analyzing shapes and structures using operations like erosion and
dilation.
9. Image Segmentation: Dividing the image into its constituent parts or objects.
10. Representation and Description: Representing segmented objects for analysis and
description.
11. Object Recognition and Interpretation: Assigning labels or identities to detected objects.
Step Process Purpose
1 Image Acquisition Capture image in digital form
2 Preprocessing Enhance quality, remove noise
3 Enhancement Improve visual quality
4 Restoration Correct degradations
5 Segmentation Separate objects from background
6 Representation Convert regions into analyzable form
7 Recognition Identify objects/features
Block Diagram of a Digital Image Processing System:
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■ Image Acquisition ■
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■ Image Preprocessing ■
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■ Image Enhancement ■
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■ Image Restoration ■
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■ Color / Morphological ■
■ Processing ■
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■ Image Segmentation ■
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■ Representation & ■
■ Description ■
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■ Recognition & ■
■ Interpretation ■
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