STERILIZATION AND DISINFECTION: PART 1 Active space --
Terminologies:
Sterlization : Process of destruction of all forms of ife including spores.
Disinfection : Process of destruction of only pathogenic microorganisns of inanimate
objects, not necessarily spores.
Antisepsis : Disinfection of living tissues.
Level of resistance:
Pians uhaschsdahiKes >protozoan cysts >non enveloped viruses >mycobacteria
>Aungal spores >vegetoative forms of fungi> gram postive bacteria >gram
negative bacteria >enveloped viruses.
methods of disinfection and sterilisation:
I. Physical:Heat, radiation, Atration.
a. Chemical :Aldehyde, alcohol, phenol, halogens, surface acting agents, ethylene
oxide, hydrogen peroxide.
Heat 00:05:44
DRY HEAT
mode of action:
" Denaturation of proteins.
"Oxidative damage.
felectrolyte level to toxic level.
I. Red heat:
Sterlisation of:
Inoculating loops. "Tips of forceps. Red heat
Straight wires. Searing spatulas.
a. Incineration:
Sterlisotion ond<in volume (80-85) of infectious hospital waste before Anal
disposal
" Soiled bedding and dressing Human patthological materials.
BAnimal corcosses expired cytotoxic drugs.
Terperoture
prinary chamber i loo-700°c, " Secondary chamber i O00-I00°c.
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Active space 3. Hot air oven :
Introduced by Louis Pasteur.
Sterilization of : Temperature :
Galassuware iSyringes, Slasks, pipetes,
tubes, petriplates. I70°C 40 mins..
Sharp and non sharp metallic instruments. " I50°C’a hrs.
Ois, jellies, waxes, pouwders.
Cotton swabs.
efficacy testing
Phusical method :Temperature chart recorder.
Biological method :Spores of Bacilus
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atrophaeus (B. subtilis var niger or C.tetarni.
" Chemical method : Browne's tube NO,3.
moiST HEAT
Hot air oven
mode of Action :Denaturation and coagulation o proteins.
moist heat less than l00°c:
I. Pasteurization :
methods:
a. Holder method:moist heat at loo°c for 30 min.
Coxiella burneti can survive Holder method.
b. Flash method:
moist heat at a°c tor ao seconds Polouwed by rapid cooling 43°c.
c ultra-hiqh temperature method: 149°c for os seconds
uses : Disinfection oP milk, jams,creams, sauoes, mayo, juices.
EfSicacy testing : Chimney
- Phosphatase test (m/:Done witthin a hrs. Door to
- coliform test (Best test) : Overnight incubation. load waste
a.Serum baths: Secontary
chamer
" method : moist heat at 56°c for I hour. Primary
chamber
" use :lnactivation of bacteria in Serum specimen.
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3. Vaccine baths:
" method : moist heat at oo°c for ihour. Door to
remove ash
" Use :lnactivation of bacteria in Voccines.
4. Inspissatioa : Incinerator
" methodimoist heat at 80-8s°c for 30 min for 3 consecutive days.
" Use iSterilization o media with Egg Lwmedium)/Serum (Loefler's Serum
slope).
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moist heat at Io0°C: --- Active space
Tyndallization :Koch and Arnold steam steriliser.
-method :moist heat at lo0°c for ao min for 3 consecutive days.
- use: Sterilization of TCBS/D/DCA/selenite F broth, Sugar $ urea solution
and urea solution.
Thermoneter
Water-gange
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Serumvaccine Inspissator Tng of name
Fo. 1,Kocu's STEAM SrERIILISEL.
Koch's steam steriliser
moist heat above l00°:
Autoclave :
" method: lai°c for IS-ao minutes under pressure I5 psi OR 134°c for 3 minutes
under pressure 30 ps.
Usedin sterilisation of:
- All microbiolog ical culture media.
efticacy testing
-Physical method: Temperature chart
-Non sharp metallic instruments. recorder.
- Glassware.
Biological method: Spores of Bacilus
- Plastic and rubber objects.
Aqueous solutions.
stearothermophilus.
- Chemicoalmethod: eroune's tube No I/
- Hospital linen, dressings. Bowie dick tapes.
- Sutures.
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Air rermoval Safety
-----Active space ----- valve valve
Pressure control valve
Pressure gauge
Fastening screw
Ud Thermometer
Grid basket (perforated)
Pertorated resting plate
Heating Water
Drain
elements valve
Autoclave
Radiation 00:35:15
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mode of action :DNA damage.
Types:
Non-ionising radiation lonising radiation
Example UV rays Gamma rays/cold sterilisation
Sporicidal No Yes
Penetrating power Poor Highly penetrating
Commercial sterilisation
of all disposables (Gloves,
syringes, petriplates)
Sterilisatiuon of
Surface disinfection of
- Iimplants, prosthesis
Uses
biosafety hoods, laboratory and - Sutures
hospital corridors -
Contraceptive devices
Gauzes
IV sets
- Foley's catheter
Generated by
Nuclear disintegration of radio
isotopes
Efficacy testing Spores o Bacillus pumilus
Filteration 00:39:36
Fedback Bacteriol fiters :
" Pore size : 0.a-0.45 micron.
eficacy testing :Serratia marcescens/erevundinnonas diminuta.
Use :Disinfection of heat sensitive liquids like sugar solution, serum, urea solution
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Types : Active space
Type of Ater Composition
1. &arthen ware " Porcelain/diatomaceous earth.
EX: mandler, Berkfeld. "Candle shaped.
ma trisilicate.
a. Asbestos
Ex : Seitz
" Dise shaped.
Carcinogenic potential.
3. Sintered alass Aiters " Fusion of powdered qlass.
4. membrane Aters
" Cellulose esters.
milipore)
-Ceramic candle
Asbestos terpod
-Jacket over ceramic
candle to trap larger
particle
Earthen ware Aiter Seitz fter
GBS6B9reEfe8E250d7fe6 Sintered qlass Aiters
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