K.R.S.

D PUBLIC SCHOOL,
MATHURA
Pre-Board Examination-I – 2025-26
CLASS – XII
SUBJECT – PHYSICS
Time :3 HOURS ____________________ M.M. 70 ______
_________________________________________________
Instructions:
1) There are 33 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.
2) Section A contains 16 questions, 12 MCQs and 04 assertion-reasons of 01 mark each, Section B contains 05 questions
of 02 marks each, Section C contains 07 questions of 03 marks each, Section D contains 02 case-study based questions
of 04 marks and Section E contains 03 long answer questions of 05 marks each.
3) There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in one question in Section B, one question in
Section C, one question in CBQ in Section D and all questions in Section E. You have to attempt only one of the choices
in such questions.
4) For graphing, graphs will be provided if necessary.
5) No calculator or any digital instrument/device is permitted in examination hall.

𝑐 = 3 × 108 𝑚𝑠−1
6) You may use the following values of physical constants where ever necessary.

𝑚𝑒 = 9.1 × 10−31 𝑘𝑔
(i)

𝑒 = 1.6 × 10−19 𝐶
(ii)

µ0 = 4𝜋 × 10−7 𝑇𝑚𝐴−1
(iii)

ℎ = 6.63 × 10−34 𝐽𝑠
(iv)

𝜀0 = 8.854 × 10−12 𝐶2𝑁−1𝑚−2

(v)

𝐴𝑣𝑎𝑔𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑜′𝑠 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 = 6.023 × 1023 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒

(vi)

(viii) Rydberg Constant = 1.097 × 107 𝑚−1

(vii)

Section A
1. A charged particle moves in a circular path in a uniform magnetic field. If its speed is reduced, then
its time period will
A. Increase
B. Decrease
C. Remain same
D. None of these

2. A and B are two concentric spherical shells. If A is given a charge

+q while B is earthed as shown in figure, then
A. charge on the outer surface of shell B is zero
B. the charge on B is equal and opposite to that of A
C. the field inside A and outside B is zero
D. All of the above

3. The optical density of turpentine is higher than that of

water while its mass density is lower. Figure shows a
layer of turpentine floating over water in a container.
For which one of the four rays’ incidents on
turpentine in figure, the path shown is correct?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3

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D. 4

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4. Maximum kinetic energy of a photoelectron is E when the wavelength of incident light is 𝜆. If
energy becomes four times when wavelength is reduced to one-third, then work-function of the
metal is
A. 𝜆3ℎ𝑐
B.
ℎ𝑐 3𝜆
C. 𝜆 ℎ𝑐
D.
ℎ𝑐 2𝜆

5. We use alloys for making standard resistors because they have

A. low temperature coefficient of resistivity and high specific resistance
B. high temperature coefficient of resistivity and low specific resistance
C. low temperature coefficient of resistivity and low specific resistance
D. high temperature coefficient of resistivity and high specific resistance

6. The magnetic flux linked with the coil (in Wb) is given by the equation –
𝝓 = 5𝑡2 + 3𝑡 + 16
The induced EMF (𝜀) in the coil at time, 𝑡 = 4 𝑠 will be-
−27 𝑉
−43 𝑉
A.

−108 𝑉
B.

−210 𝑉
C.
D.

7. Correct match of column I with column II is

C-I (Waves) C-II (Uses)

1. Infra-red P. LASIK (Laser assisted in situ keratomileusis) eye surgery
2. Microwaves Q. A diagnostic tool in cancer

S. Maintaining earth’s average temperature (14.98 ℃ as recorded in

3. UV Rays R. Aircraft Navigation
4. X-rays
2023)

A. 1-P, 2-R, 3-S, 4-Q

B. 1-S, 2-R, 3-Q, 4-P
C. 1-S, 2-R, 3-P, 4-Q
D. 1-S, 2-Q, 3-P, 4-R

8. If the electron in hydrogen orbit jumps from third orbit to second orbit, the wavelength of the
emitted radiation is given by (where R is Rydberg constant)
A. 𝜆 = 𝑅

6
B. 𝜆 = 5

𝑅
C. 𝜆 = 36

5𝑅
D. 𝜆 = 5𝑅

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9. For a glass prism (𝜇 = √3) the angle of minimum deviation is equal to the angle of the prism. The

A. 450
angle of the prism is

B. 300
C. 900
D. 600

1
10. The velocity of the electron in the first Bohr orbit as compared to that of light is about
A. ⁄300
1⁄
B. 500

1
⁄137
1
C.
D. ⁄187

11. If mass of proton, neutron and alpha particle are 1.00785 𝑢, 1.00866 𝑢 and 4.00274 𝑢, then
the binding energy of 𝛼-particle is
A. 56.42 𝑀𝑒𝑉
B. 2.821 MeV
C. 28.21 MeV
D. 32.4 MeV
12. In an unbiased p-n junction, holes diffuse from the p-region to n-region because
A. free electrons in the n-region attract them
B. they move across the junction by the potential difference
C. hole concentration in p-region is more as compared to n-region
D. All of the above

Questions 13 to 16 are assertion-reason type. For these questions, choose correct option out of
these given below.
A. If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
B. If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of
Assertion.
C. If Assertion is true but Reason is false.
D. If both Assertion and Reason are false.

13. Assertion: In series combination, charges on two capacitors are always equal.
Reason: If charges are same, the total potential difference applied across two
capacitors will be distributed in inverse ratio of capacities.

14. Assertion: A current carrying loop is placed in uniform magnetic field as

shown in figure. Torque in the loop in this case is zero.
Reason: Magnetic moment vector of the loop is toward magnetic field.

15. Assertion: X-rays and gamma rays, both have same speed in vacuum.
Reason: All electromagnetic waves travel at same speed in vacuum.

16. Assertion: Convergent lens property of converging remains same in all media.
Reason: Property of lens whether the ray is diverging or converging is independent of the
surrounding medium as it doesn’t depend on nature of medium.

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 Section B
17. P and Q are two identical charged particles each of mass 4 × 10−26 𝑘𝑔 and charge 4.8 ×
10−19 𝐶, each moving with the same speed of 2.4 ×
105 𝑚/𝑠 as shown in the figure. The two particles are
equidistant (0.5 𝑚) from the vertical 𝑌 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠. At
some instant, a magnetic field 𝐵 is switched on so that
the two particles undergo head-on collision. Find –
(i) the direction of the magnetic field and
(ii) the magnitude of the magnetic field applied in the
region.

18. Hydrogen atom in its ground state is excited by means of monochromatic radiation of wavelength
1023 Å. Calculate the longest wavelength among them. You may assume the ionization energy of
hydrogen atom as 13.6 eV.

19. R1, R2 and R3 are different values of resistance offered by

corresponding to R1, R2 and R3 respectively.

resistance box R. A, B and C are the null points obtained

For which resistor, the value of X will be the most accurate and
why?

20. A graph regarding photoelectric effect is shown between the

maximum kinetic energy of electrons and the frequency of the
incident light. On the basis of data as shown in the graph, calculate
(a) Threshold frequency and
(b) Work function.

OR

which the work-function W = 3.7 eV) when irradiated by ultraviolet light of frequency 1.5 ×
What will be the maximum kinetic energy of the photoelectrons ejected from magnesium (for

1015𝐻 .

21. Which two of the following lenses 𝐿1, 𝐿2, and 𝐿3 will you select as objective and eyepiece for
constructing best possible (i) telescope (ii) microscope?
Give reason to support your answer.

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 Section C

22. (a) Write the expression for the magnetic moment 𝑀 due to a planar
square loop of side ‘𝑙' carrying a steady current I.

straight conductor carrying a steady current 𝐼1 at a distance 𝑙 as shown.

(b) In the given figure this loop is placed in a horizontal plane near a long

Give reasons to explain that the loop will experience a net force but no
torque. Write the expression for this force acting on the loop.

wire of linear charge density 𝜆 𝐶𝑚−1.

23. Use Gauss’s law to derive an expression for the electric field due to an infinitely long straight

24. In the figure, VI-characteristics of a device is shown.

(a) Name that device.
(b) Why does the current increases rapidly when voltage is
increased beyond 0.5 V as shown in first quadrant?
(c) Why does the current not change when the applied voltage
is increased as shown in third quadrant?

25. Draw a labelled ray diagram of an astronomical telescope in the

near point adjustment position.
A giant refracting telescope at an observatory has an objective lens of focal length 15 m and
an eyepiece of focal length 1.0 cm. If this telescope is used to view the Moon, find the diameter

3.48 × 106 , and the radius of lunar orbit is 3.8 × 108 m.

of the image of the Moon formed by the objective lens. The diameter of the Moon is

26. A uniform electric field of magnitude 250 V/ m is directed in the positive x-direction. A +12µ𝐶
charge moves from the origin to the point (𝑥, 𝑦) = (20.0 𝑐𝑚, 5.0 𝑐𝑚).
(a) What was the change in the potential energy of this charge?
(b) Through what potential difference did the charge move?

27. Three lenses of focal lengths +10 cm, –10 cm and +30 cm are arranged coaxially as in the
figure given below. Find the position of the final image formed by the combination.

OR

Define wave-front of a travelling wave. Using Huygens principle, obtain the law of refraction
at a plane interface when light passes from a denser to rarer medium.

28. One of your friends with a non-functioning mobile adapter wishes to design an electric circuit on

stepdown transformer, a load resistance, two 𝑝𝑛 − j𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 diodes and connecting wires. Draw
his own to charge the battery of his phone. He has following items – one step-up transformer, one

a circuit diagram that you would suggest him and explain its working.

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 Section D

29. Case Study Based Question: Photoelectric effect

It is the phenomenon of emission of electrons from a metallic surface when light of a suitable
frequency is incident on it. The emitted electrons are called photoelectrons. Nearly all metals
exhibit this effect with ultraviolet light but alkali metals like lithium, sodium, potassium, caesium
etc. show this effect even with visible light. It is an instantaneous process i.e. photoelectrons are
emitted as soon as the light is incident on the metal surface. The number of photoelectrons emitted
per second is directly proportional to the intensity of the incident radiation. The maximum kinetic
energy of the photoelectrons emitted from a given metal surface is independent of the intensity of
the incident light and depends only on the frequency of the incident light. For a given metal surface
there is a certain minimum value of the frequency of the incident light below which emission of
photoelectrons does not occur.

(i) In a photoelectric experiment plate current is plotted against

anode potential.
A. A and B will have same intensities while B and C will
have different frequencies
B. B and C will have different intensities while A and B will
have different frequencies
C. A and B will have different intensities while B and C will have equal frequencies
D. B and C will have equal intensities while A and B will have same frequencies.

(ii) Photoelectrons are emitted when a zinc plate is

A. Heated
B. Hammered
C. Irradiated by UV light
D. Subjected to high pressure

(iii) The threshold frequency for photoelectric effect on sodium corresponds to a wavelength of 500

A. 4 × 10−19 𝐽
nm. Its work function is about

B. 1 𝐽
C. 2 × 10−19 𝐽
D. 3 × 10−19 𝐽

(iv) The maximum kinetic energy of photoelectrons emitted from a surface when photons of energy
6 eV fall on it is 4 eV. The stopping potential is
A. 2 V
B. 4 V
C. 6 V
D. 10 V
OR
(v) The minimum energy required to remove an electron from a substance is called its
A. Work function
B. Kinetic energy
C. Stopping potential
D. Potential Energy

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30. Case Study Based Question: Motion of Charge in Magnetic Field
If we consider two solenoids at a distance from each other, enclosed in an evacuated container (see
figure where we have not shown the container). Charged particles moving in the region between the
two solenoids will start with a small radius. The radius will increase as field decreases and the
radius will decrease again as field due to the
second solenoid takes over. The solenoids act as
a mirror or reflector. [See the direction of F as the
particle approaches coil 2 in the figure. It has a
horizontal component against the forward
motion.] This makes the particles turn back when
they approach the solenoid. Such an arrangement
will act like magnetic bottle or magnetic
container. The
particles will never touch the sides of the container. Such magnetic bottles are of great use in
confining the high energy plasma in fusion experiments. The plasma will destroy any other form of
material container because of its high temperature.
(i) Which statement is true for a charge moving in uniform magnetic field
A. Its speed changes but velocity does not.
B. Its velocity changes but speed does not.
C. Its speed and velocity both do change.
D. Its speed and velocity both don’t change

(ii) If the given electron has a velocity neither parallel nor perpendicular to B, then trajectory of
the electron is
A. Straight line
B. Circular
C. Helical

If this electron of charge (𝑒) is moving parallel to uniform magnetic field with constant
D. Zig-zag

velocity 𝑣, the force acting on the electron is

(iii)

A. 𝐵𝑒𝑣
B. 𝐵𝑒/𝑣
C. 𝐵/𝑒𝑣
D. 𝑍𝑒𝑟𝑜

→
(iv) A charged particle is projected in a magnetic field 𝐵̅̅ = (2𝜄̂ + 4𝐽̂) × 102 . The
acceleration of the particle is found to be 𝑎̅→ = ( 𝜄̂ + 2𝖩̂ ) 𝑚/𝑠2. Find the value of 𝑥
A. + 4 𝑚𝑠−2
B. − 4 𝑚𝑠−2
C. − 2 𝑚𝑠−2
D. + 2 𝑚𝑠−2
OR
(v) If an electron enters in magnetic field region in perpendicular direction with double of that
original speed, then the time required for one revolution of the electron will become
A. Four times B.Two times C. Same as that of earlier D. Half

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 Section E

(ii) A long solenoid of radius r consists of n turns per unit length. A current 𝐼 = 𝐼0 sin 𝜔𝑡 flows
31. (i) Define the term ‘mutual inductance’ and write its S.I. unit.

in the solenoid. A coil of N turns is wound tightly around it near its centre. What is:
(a) The induced emf in the coil?
(b) The mutual inductance between solenoid and coil?

OR

Explain briefly, with the help of a labelled diagram, the basic principle of the working of an AC
generator. In an AC generator, coil of N turns and area A is rotated at an angular velocity ω in a
uniform magnetic field B. Derive an expression for the instantaneous value of the emf induced in
coil. What is the source of energy generation in this device?

32. (i) Write two points of difference between an interference pattern and a diffraction pattern.
(ii) Name any two factors on which the fringe width in a Young’s double slit experiment depends.
(iii) In a Young’s double-slit experiment, the fringe width is 0.4 mm, and the distance between the
slits and the screen is 2 m. The wavelength of light used is 500 nm. Calculate the separation
between the slits.
OR

(i) A spherical surface of radius of curvature R separates two media of refractive indices n 1 and n2.
A point object is placed in front of the surface at distance u in medium of refractive index n 1
and its image is formed by the surface at distance v, in the
medium of refractive index n2. Derive a relation between u and

(ii) A solid glass sphere of radius 6.0 𝑐𝑚 has a small air bubble
v.

trapped at a distance 3.0 𝑐𝑚 from its centre C as shown in the

figure. The refractive index of the material of the sphere is 1.5.
Find the apparent position of this bubble when seen through the
surface of the sphere from an outside point E in air.

33. (i) Two cells of emf E1 and E2 have their internal resistances r1 and r2, respectively. Deduce an
expression for the equivalent emf and internal resistance of their parallel combination when
connected across an external resistance R. Assume that the two cells are supporting each other.
(ii) In case the two cells are identical, each of emf E = 5 V and internal resistance r = 2 Ω, calculate
the voltage across the external resistance R = 10 Ω and the current flowing through it.

OR
(i) Using Kirchhoff’s laws, obtain equation of
balanced state of Wheatstone bridge.
(ii) The following figure shows a circuit diagram. We
can find the currents through and potential
differences across different resistors using
Kirchhoff’s rules. Answer the following questions

(a) What is the current through arm 𝑏𝑔?

based on the above:

(b) Find the potential difference across resistance 𝑅3.

*****
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