# Django Beginner Notes
## 1. Introduction to Django
Django is a high-level Python web framework that encourages rapid development and
clean, pragmatic design. It helps developers build secure and maintainable websites
quickly.
**Features:**
- Fast Development
- Secure (prevents SQL injection, XSS, CSRF)
- Scalable
- Fully loaded (ORM, Admin, Authentication, etc.)
- Open Source
## 2. Installation and Setup
**Step 1:** Install Django
```bash
pip install django
```
**Step 2:** Check version
```bash
django-admin --version
```
**Step 3:** Create a new project
```bash
django-admin startproject myproject
```
**Step 4:** Run the server
```bash
cd myproject
python manage.py runserver
```
Visit `http://127.0.0.1:8000/` to see your Django project running.
## 3. Project Structure
```
myproject/
│
├── manage.py
├── myproject/
│ ├── __init__.py
│ ├── settings.py
│ ├── urls.py
│ ├── asgi.py
│ └── wsgi.py
```
- **manage.py**: Command-line utility for Django operations.
- **settings.py**: Project configuration.
- **urls.py**: URL routing for the project.
- **wsgi.py/asgi.py**: Server gateway interface files.
## 4. Creating an App
```bash
python manage.py startapp myapp
```
**Register the app** in `settings.py` under `INSTALLED_APPS`:
```python
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
...
'myapp',
]
```
## 5. URLs and Views
**URL routing (urls.py):**
```python
from django.urls import path
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
path('', views.home, name='home'),
]
```
**View (views.py):**
```python
from django.http import HttpResponse
def home(request):
return HttpResponse("Hello, Django!")
```
## 6. Templates
Templates are HTML files used to render dynamic content.
**Example:**
`myapp/templates/home.html`
```html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to Django!</h1>
</body>
</html>
```
**Render template in view:**
```python
from django.shortcuts import render
def home(request):
return render(request, 'home.html')
```
## 7. Models and ORM
Django ORM allows you to interact with the database using Python code.
**Example Model:**
```python
from django.db import models
class Student(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
age = models.IntegerField()
grade = models.CharField(max_length=10)
def __str__(self):
return self.name
```
**Apply migrations:**
```bash
python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate
```
## 8. Admin Panel
Create superuser:
```bash
python manage.py createsuperuser
```
Login at `/admin/` to manage your models.
**Register model:**
```python
from django.contrib import admin
from .models import Student
admin.site.register(Student)
```
## 9. Forms (Basic)
```python
from django import forms
class StudentForm(forms.Form):
name = forms.CharField(max_length=100)
age = forms.IntegerField()
```
## 10. Static and Media Files
In `settings.py`:
```python
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
MEDIA_URL = '/media/'
MEDIA_ROOT = BASE_DIR / 'media'
```
## 11. Simple CRUD Example
You can perform Create, Read, Update, and Delete operations using Django ORM
methods like:
```python
Student.objects.create(name='John', age=20, grade='A')
Student.objects.all()
Student.objects.filter(grade='A')
Student.objects.get(id=1)
Student.objects.update(age=22)
Student.objects.delete()
```
## 12. Summary
- Django is fast, secure, and scalable.
- Everything revolves around apps and models.
- The admin panel makes data management easy.
- ORM eliminates the need for raw SQL.
- Perfect for both small and large projects.
