EDUCATIONAL

Physics
Universal Gravitation

01. Two satellites A and B orbit around a planet of radius 03. (UFOP-MG) The second law of
Point A is at an altitude of 3R and point B is at an altitude of 5R. Kepler (Law of Areas) establishes
Given T for the period A, determine the period B. what line is drawn from the Sun
Resolution any planet describes areas
equal in equal times.
RA = 4R Determine which section, AB or
R A B CD, from the orbit of the planet to
RB = 6R
3R his speed is greater,
TA = T 5R justifying the answer based on
in the cited law.

T2 Resolution
FromaKepler's 3rd Law: = constant
R3 The speed is greater in section CD, because as the distance to the
Sun is smaller, the arc traveled must be bigger for the area to be
2
TA TB2 2
TA TB2 the same.
= =
R 3A R 3B ( 4R )3 (6R )3
04. The Intelsat III satellite, used by Embratel, has a period
T2 63 63 If your mass were doubled, your period would be:
2
B (
T=6R. )3 3
2
T=
B T2 T=
B T
(4R ) 43 43 T' = 1/3 T d) T' = 9T
TB 1, 83 T b) T' = 3T e) T' = 1/9 T
c) T' = T

Resolution
The weight of a body on a certain planet is P. If The period does not depend on the mass, but on the radius of the orbit.
if we double the mass and triple the radius of the planet, what Alternative C
it will be the new weight of the body, assuming this body in
surface?
05. (UF-MA) In the solar system, a planet in circular orbit
Resolution: of radius R takes two Earth years to complete a
revolution. In Earth years, what is the period of the revolution
GMm from another planet, in an orbit of radius 2 R?
F=
G =P
R2 R
a) 5, 6 b) 8 c) 3, 1 d) 7
If R' = 3R
Resolution
M' = 2M we have:
T12 T22 2
T.R
1
3
2
3
2.R 3
= T2 = = .T 1= 8.T 1
F'=G
G
2M.m
=2
GMm
=
2
P R13 R 32 R13 R3
2 9 R2 9
(3R ) But T = T2 = 2 8 = 4 2 = 5.6 years
1 2 years

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06. Mark the correct statement: Resolution

a
a) Each planet moves in an elliptical trajectory, having the (2 Kepler's Law) Alternative B
Sun as center.
b) The line that connects the Sun to the planet describes equal areas.
at equal times.
c) The line that connects the Sun to the planet describes, in the same
time, different areas.
d) The areal velocity of a planet is variable.
e) The orbital period of each planet is directly
proportional to the semi-major axis of the corresponding
ellipse.

07. Kepler's Second Law allows us to conclude that: Resolution

a) the movement of a planet is accelerated when it At perihelion, the planet is closest to the Sun and therefore has
moves from aphelion to perihelion. higher speed.
b) the motion of a planet is accelerated when it
moves from perihelion to aphelion. Alternative A
c) the kinetic energy of a planet is constant throughout the
its orbit.
d) the farther the planet is from the Sun, the greater the
its speed of translation.
e) the translational speed of a planet is minimum at
closest point to the Sun.

08. A body of 6 kg is at a height equal to double Resolution:

of the Earth's radius. Considering that on the Earth's surface
GM
m GMm m 60
the acceleration of gravity is 10 m/s, the 2weight of this P= = = g. = 6.6 N
2 2 9 9
the body at the mentioned height is approximately: (R + 2R ) 9 R

Alternative B
60 N
6.6 N
600 N
66.6 N
60.6 N

09. (UFOP-MG) A satellite describes circular orbits in Resolution:

returns from Earth, at 270 km from the surface. Considering R T ac = g(h)
the radius of the Earth is 6460 km, M is its mass of 5.98 V2 Good morning
24 and G = 6.67x10
x10 kg -11 N.m /kg,
2 calculate:
2 =
R+h (R+h) 2

a) your period; GM 6.67x10 -11 .5,98x10 24

V= = 7,700 m/s
R+h 6460000+270000
b) your orbital speed.
2π 2π 2π(R+H)
T= = = 5500 seconds equals 1.5 hours
ω V/(R+H) V

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10. (FAMECA) Assuming that the acceleration of gravity at Resolution:
if sea level is g, it can be said that, at an altitude equal to
at the Earth's radius above sea level, a 4 kg satellite, GM GM GM g
ac = = = =
2 2 4R 2 4
describing a circular orbit in the equatorial plane, it would be (R+h ) (2R)
subject to a centripetal acceleration equal to:
Alternative A
a) g/4 b) g/2 2g 4g n.d.a.

The mass of the Moon is 0.0125 times the mass of Resolution:

The Earth and the lunar radius is 0.273 times the Earth's radius. Being the
the acceleration of Earth's gravity equals 981 cm/s 2 G M lua G.0.0125.M T
the lunar gravity acceleration will be: glua = 2
= =164,53 cm/s 2
R lua (0.273 R)T 2
0.0102 cm/s 2
214.25 cm/s 2
2 Alternative C
164.53 cm/s
20.56 cm/s 2
15.7 cm/s 2

12. (UFOP-MG) The weight of a body at sea level is P. 0 Resolution:

Assuming that the Earth is a sphere of radius R, the weight P of that
GM
R P0 =
a body, at an altitude h = , is: R2
2
GM GM 4GM 4
P= = = = P0
P R
2
3R
2 9 R2 9
a) P = 0 d) P = 2 0 P R+
2 2 2
4 9
b) P = P0 e) P = P Alternative B
9 4 0
c) P = P0

13. (MED. Barbacena-MG) A satellite in circular orbit in Resolution:

The moon of Saturn has a period nine times greater than that of one.
ac = g(h)
satellite in circular orbit around the Earth. V2 GM GM 2π
It is concluded that the value of the ratio between the mass of the Earth and the = 2 V= , but V = ω.d and ω =
d d d T
the mass of the Moon is equal to:
2π 2πd
V= .d T=
T V
a) 3 d d3
b) 9 Replacing, we have: T = 2π.d. = 2π
GM GM
c) 27
d3 d3
d) 81 TL = 2π T =T 2π
G ML G MT
e) 243
TL d3 G MT MT
Logo: = . =
TT G ML d3 ML
Squaring:
2
MT T
= L = 92= 81 Alternative D
ML TT

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14. Considering R as the radius of the Earth and g as the acceleration of Resolution:
T
gravity on the Earth's surface, what is the distance d between the
GMm P0 GMm GMm
center of the Earth and a particle of mass m, so that this P0 = P= =
2
RT 2 d2 2
2RT
have half of your weight on the surface?
a) d = RT 2 d = RT 2
b) d = 2RT Alternative A
c) d = RT
RT
d) d =
2
e) d = 2 R T

15. (UFOP-MG) An object placed between two planets remains in Resolution:

balance under the action of these forces. Knowing that the
the mass of planet A is greater than the mass of planet B, the Since m <
B m, this
A position must be closer to m. B
a point that can represent this position is:
Alternative B
a) P 1 P1
b) P 2 P4 P3 P2
mA mB
c) P 3
d) P 4 P5
e) P 5

16. (FUVEST) The ratio between the masses of a planet and of a Resolution:
satellite81. A rocket is at a distance R from 81 m m
A
The planet is at a distance from the satellite. What should the value be? m
Planet→81
of the reason R/r, so that the two attractive forces on the satellite
R r
rocket balance?
a) 1 G.81m.m F G.m.m F R2 R
b) 3 = = 81 =9
R 2 r2 r 2 r
c) 9
27 Alternative C
e) 81

17. (UF-PA) The Earth, while describing its orbit around the Sun, Resolution:
passes through points A, B, C, and D, as shown in the figure
below. If the time taken by our planet to go from A to Equal areas are swept in equal times (Second Law of Kepler).
B is equal to the time he spends traveling from C to D,
we can affirm that the areas A and 1 A, hatched
2 in
figures satisfy the relationship: Alternative D

a) A 1= 2A 2
C B
b) A 1= 2 A2
c) A 1= 2A3 2
A1
A2
d) A 1= A 2
A2
e) A 1= D
2

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18.(UF-MG)ConsideringKeplers' lawsonthe Resolution:
the movement of the planets can be said that:
a) It's the opposite. The farther away, the weaker the attraction.
c) The period of revolution of a planet does not depend on its mass.
a) the speed of a planet in its orbit increases to
There is no relationship between a planet's day and year.
as he moves away from the Sun The Sun is at one of the foci of the ellipse, displaced from the center.
b) the period of revolution of a planet is both greater
the greater your distance from the Sun Note: Even if any of these alternatives were correct,
c) the period of revolution of a planet is both shorter none of them would be described by Kepler's Laws.
the greater your mass
d) the rotation period of a planet around its a
Elliptical orbits with the Sun at one of the foci.
the axis is greater the longer its period is 2a Laws: Equal areas in equal times.
revolution 3a Lei: T2 = k.R3
the Sun is located exactly in the center of the
elliptical orbit described by a given planet Alternative B

19. (UF-PA) Two satellites, 1 and 2, of the same planet have Resolution:
periods that satisfy the relation T = 2T.
2 So, the
1
reason R 1/ R2between the radii of the orbits of these satellites
T12 T2 R13 T2 R1 T2
is equal to: = 2 = 1 = 3 1
R13 R 32 R 32 T22 R2 T22

a) 1/2 b) 3 1/4
R1 T12 T12 R1 1
= 3 = 3 = 3
R2
c) 1/2 2 d) 2 2
(2T1 )2 4T12 R2 4

e) 4 Alternative B

20. (UF-RN) If the mass of the Earth did not change, but its Resolution:
if the radius were reduced by half, our weight would be:
GM
reduced to a quarter g=
R2
b) reduced by half
the same R Good Morning
GM 4 GM
R'→ g’ = = = GM. equals 4
2 2 R2
d) doubled 2 R R R2
e) quadrupled 2 4

g' = 4g as P = m.g Alternative E

21. (PUC) The force exerted by the Earth on an object is quite Resolution:
distant from its surface is F. If the distance of this object GMm
at the center of the Earth for bending, what will be the new value of the F=
force exerted by the Earth? d2
GMm GMm 1 GMm
as d'→2d : F' = = = .
2 2 4 d2
(2d ) 4d

1 F
F’= F F’ =
4 4

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22. (FUVEST) If it were possible to place a satellite in orbit Resolution:

if it were orbital around the Earth, its period would be T. Given G low Earth orbit satellite distance R
the universal gravitational constant, express the mass FCP = P
specific (average density) of the Earth as a function of T and G.
m v2 GMm GM
= v=
R R2 R

2πR 2πR R3
but v= T= T = 2π
T v GM

4 π 2R 3 4 π 2R 3
T2 = M=
GM G T2
4
sphere V= πR 3
3
M 2 3
4πR 3 3
so: d = = . d=
V GT 2 4πR 3 G T2

23. (MED-ABC) Mars has two satellites: Phobos, which moves Resolution:
in a circular orbit, with a radius of 9,700 km and a period of 2.75 x 104s,
and Deimos, which has a circular orbit with a radius of 24,300 km. The TD 2 TF2 R D3 R D3
= TD2 = T F2 . TD = T.
R F3
the period of Deimos, expressed in seconds, is a value F
R D3 R F3 R F3
closer to:
2.2 x 10 4 24,300 3
4 TD = 2.75x10.4 4 = 10.9x10 s
= 2.75x10.397 4
b) 8.2x10 9 7003
c) 1.1x10 5
TD = 1.09 . 5 10 s
2.2 x 10 6
e) 1.1x10 7 Alternative C

24. (UNISA) Maintain the intensity of the acceleration of gravity Resolution:

above the Earth's surface. G.M G.M. g Good morning
Does gravitational acceleration have an intensity of 1/2 g? g= 2
g' = = =
R (R+h) 2 2 2 R2
Consider the Earth as a sphere with radius R.
G.M G.M
= (R + h)2= 2.R 2 R+h=R2
2R 2 (R+h) 2

h=R2-R h = R(2 - 1)

25. (CESGRANRIO) Knowing that the mass of the Moon is 0.012 times Resolution:
from the Earth, that the radius of the Moon is 0.27 that of the Earth, and that the
GMm
. L G.0.012M.m.h
2 the work
the gravitational acceleration on Earth is 10 m/s, τp = P.h = .h =
T
=
R 2L (0.27 R)T 2
necessary to lift a body of 10kg, up to the height
of 40 m, will be: G MT
= 0.164 2
.m.h = 0.164 mgh
177.7J RT
b) 710.8J
c) 820 J τp = [Link].40 ≈ 656 J
900 J
Alternative E
e) 656 J

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26. The acceleration of gravity (g) on the surface of a planet Resolution:
is given by
If we consider the effect of the Earth's rotation, we conclude that the
tnatsnoclanoi tat ivarglasrevinuG
: Gravity increases with latitude, so statementa 1 is incorrect.
GM , where: M: mass of the planet
g= Alternative C
R2
otenaehrlpfoem
ttrenhcenfcattsR
i:d
point where g is to be calculated

Considering the format of the Earth, a person stated

what:

I. at sea level, g in Rio de Janeiro is greater than g in

Falkland Islands (near the south of Argentina);
II. considering that Belo Horizonte and Rio de Janeiro
they are practically at the same latitude, in Belo
The horizon G is lower than in Rio de Janeiro;
III. On Mount Everest (Asia) g is less than 9.8 m/s. 2

Of these statements, the following are correct:

a) only I and II. d) I, II, and III.

b) only I and III. only III.
c) only II and III.

27. ([Link]-MG) Two satellites, (1) and (2), rotate in Resolution:

returns to Earth in identical circular orbits, being that
It 1can 2be stated that: The speeds and the periods do not depend on the mass of the satellites.

a) the scalar speed of (1) is greater than that of (2). Alternative E

b) the period of (1) is greater than that of (2).
c) The force of attraction between the Earth and the satelites (1) and (2) has

the same intensity.

d) the accelerations of (1) and (2) are different.
e) the speeds and the periods of (l) and (2) are
respectively equal.

B
28. (FATEC) Consider a satellite Resolution:
in orbit around the Earth
passing through points A, B, C and The velocity must be tangent to the trajectory.
D, in this order. When the satelliteC A
Alternative B
is in:

a) A, the force on him can be

represented by the vector →. D
b) B, its speed can be represented by the vector ←.
c) C, since the force that it exerts on the Earth can be represented
by the vector→.
d) D, the force on it can be represented by the vector ←.
e) B, the acceleration of the satellite can be represented by
vetor←.

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29. (CESGRANRIO) The diameter of Uranus is four times larger Resolution:

that the diameter of the Earth and its mass is 14.7 times greater
soil with more terrestrial matter. Thus, one can estimate the reason
Ru = 4 TR
gravitational field intensity on the surface of Mu = 14.7 M
T
Uranus (g)U and the intensity of the gravitational field in
Earth's surface (g) is worth:
T G Mu G.14,7M T G o oTd m o r n i n g
g=
u = =0.9 0.9 g T
g gU R u2 2
16R T RT2
a) U 0, 27 d) =3.68
gT gT
gU gU Alternative B
b) =0.92 e) 5.88
gT gT
gU
c) =1,09
gT

→
30. (UFMA) Let F be the force of attraction of the Sun on a Resolution:
[Link] times larger,ado
planet, five times larger, and the distance between them was GMm G.3M.5m Good Morning
reduced by half, the force of attraction between the Sun and the F= F' = = 60 =60 F
d2 (d/2) 2 d2
the planet would become:
Alternative D
a) 3 F
15 F
7.5F
60 F

31. (UF-GO) Two artificial satellites describe the same Resolution:

the circular orbit around the Earth. It sends the mass
1
of the first satellite in =2m crushed the second satellite, V1 = V2 = V, since velocities do not depend on mass.
2 1
What is the relationship between their tangential speeds 1v and2v?
6 x 10 m and acceleration
Considering the radius of the Earth R=6.4 V2 G o o d M o r n 2i n g G o o d m o r n i nRg
2 ac = g(h) = V = (2R) = g .
the gravity is 10m/s, also determine the speed of R+r (R+r) 2 (2R)2 2
first satellite when it is in an orbit r = 2 R.
10.6,4x10 6 8.10 3
V= = 5656.9 m/s
2 2

32. (UNICAMP) Japan is a country diametrically opposed to Resolution:

Brazil, on the globe. One wants to send correspondence
from Japan to Brazil by a satellite in low orbit over GM
2
the Earth. Adopt the radius of the Earth R = 6400 km, g = 10 m/s² a) a = ca = g = 2 10 m/s 2
R
π = 3.14 and disregard air resistance. Consider that the
satellite speed and constant modulation that was reasonable
to disregard the Earth's rotation for this purpose. V2
b) 10 V = 10.R
R
a) What is the acceleration of the satellite?
∆S ∆S π.R 3.14 . 6400 .10 3
b) How long does it take for the mail to arrive at the V= ∆t = = = = 2512 s
∆t V 10 R
Brazil? 10.6400.10 3
∆t = 42 minutes

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33. (FUVEST) Inside a satellite in orbit around the Resolution:
Terra, the much talked about 'absence of weight', responsible for
the fluctuation of an object within the satellite is due to the fact a) Absurd! Gravitational force is a field force.
about what b) has nothing to do withATM
P.
a) the satellite's orbit is in a vacuum and the gravity c) This only occurs at a single point in space. It is not necessary.
does not propagate in a vacuum
there must be a balance of forces for there to be weightlessness.
b) the satellite's orbit is outside the atmosphere, not
suffering thus the effects of atmospheric pressure d) Absurd! Centrifugal force is a fictitious force, a trick.
c) the lunar attraction balances the terrestrial attraction and,
mathematician to apply Newton's Laws in a reference frame
consequently, the weight of any object is zero
non-inertial.
d) the force of terrestrial attraction, centripetal, is much smaller
that the centrifugal force inside the satellite
Alternative E
e) the satellite and the floating object have the same acceleration,
produced solely by gravitational forces

34. (UF-RN) The figure represents the orbit of a planet in Resolution:

around the Sun. The planet sweeps the area A in a time
A t,
average speed V; andA the area B in a time t, with Equal areas in equal times
B
average speed V. Since
B area A is equal to area B, Closer greater strength higher speed
we can affirm that:
tA = Bt e VA > V
B
a) V A
> V B
and t A= t B
b) V A< VBe t A< t B Sun Alternative A
c) V A
> V B
e t >At B A B
d) V A< VBet =A t B
e) V A
= V B
e t >At B

35. (FATEC) The laws of Kepler govern the movements of Resolution:

planets around the Sun. What is the correct alternative?
Equal areas in equal times.
a) the orbit of a planet cannot be circular
b) the movement of a planet cannot be uniform
c) the linear velocity of a planet (V = DS/Dt) is both Vaphelion
< Vperihelion
the greater the further away it is from the Sun
d) the linear speed of a planet is lower at aphelion Alternative D
(ponto mais distante do Sol) do que no periélio (ponto
closest to the Sun

36. (MACK) Two satellites of a planet have periods of Resolution:

32 days and 256 days revolution, respectively. If the radius
the orbit of the first satellite is worth 1 unit, so the radius T12 T22 T22 T2
of the second orbit will be, in units: = R 23 =R 13 . R2 = R.1 3 2
R13 R 23 T12 T12
a) 4
b) 8 2562
16 R2 = 1. 3 R2 = 4 units
322
d)64
e) 128 Alternative A

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37. (MED Itajubá-MG) How many years would it be, approximately? Resolution:
Essentially, the period of a planet, orbiting around the
Sun, if its distance to the center of gravity were
TP 2 TT 2 R P3 R P3
8 times the distance Earth-Sun? = TP2 = TT2 . TP = T.
T
R P3 R T3 R T3 R T3

(8R)T 3 83 R T3
but R =P 8R T TP = 1. = =8 3
R T3 R T3
TP 22.63 years

38. (FUVEST) The ratio between the masses of a planet and of a Resolution:
The satellite is 81. A rocket is at a distance R from the planet.
and at a distance from the satellite. What should be the value of the R →
FS
reason R/r for the two attractive forces on the 81 m →
FP m
Do rockets balance themselves? M
r

a) 1 rocket
b) 3
c) 9 G.81m.M G.m.M R2 R
d)27 2 = 2 = 81 =9
R r r2 r
81
Alternative C

39. (MED Itajubá-MG) If the mass of the Moon is about 1/81 of Resolution:
mass of the Earth, and if the distance from its center to the center of → →
81 m FT M FL
Earth is 60 times the Earth's radius, at what distance from the center
m
from the Earth the gravitational force exerted by the Moon on a R 60 R
spaceship that goes on a straight trajectory from Earth to the Moon
(line that connects the centers of the two celestial bodies) will have the
sameintensityofgravitationalforceexertedbytheEarth x 60R−x
about the mentioned ship?
G.81m.M G.m.M 2 +x)=x 2 2
= 81.(3600R−120Rx
x2 (60R−x) 2

291 600R2- 9 720R .x + 81x - x = 20 2

80x 2 - 9 = 720R .x + 291

600 R =2 0 (÷40)
2x2 - 243R.x + 7290R 2 = 0
∆ = (-243R) - 24.2.7 290R = 729R 2 2

243R±27R
x= x1 = 67.5 R (not suitable)
4
x2 = 54R

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40. (SANTA CASA) The gravitational force with which the Earth 43. (UF Rural-RJ/97) A body of mass M is attracted2 by a
attracts the Moon:
body of mass M according
1 to the law of attraction
a) is less than the force with which the Moon attracts the Earth gravitational given by the expression:
b) it is the same for all planets
c) is slightly greater than the force with which the Moon attracts the
Earth F= c2
G . M .1M 2 h (1)
r
d) it is of the same nature as the force that makes a fruit fall
from a tree where G is the universal gravitational constant and R is the
it is a nuclear force
distance between the masses 1MeM. 2We also know,
Resolution: that the earth attracts a body of mass m according to the
Weight field force (gravitational field). expression:
F = m . g (2)
Alternative D

g, equal to 10 m/s², 2is the acceleration of gravity

41. (UCSAL-BA) An astronaut inside a satellite in close to the Earth's surface.
geostationary orbit (stationary with respect to the Earth) has the
sensation of floating inside the satellite because: It is asked whether expressions (1) and (2) are independent.
between them or if one is a particular case of the other. Justify.
a) the satellite's position is very high and the attraction the answer.
gravitational is negligible Expression(1)
both the satellite and everything inside it M2
have the same acceleration
both the satellite and the astronaut are in a vacuum,
where gravitational force does not propagate r
M1
d) the Earth's gravitational attraction is compensated by the
lunar gravitational attraction
e) the gravitational attraction of the Earth is compensated by
solar gravitational attraction
Expression(2)
Resolution:
The acceleration is the same.
MT
Alternative B
RT

m
42.(UFVicosa-MG/98)Astudent,inaregion
near the Equator, observes a geostationary satellite,
standing in relation to the Earth's surface. Explain in
terms of speed and acceleration, because he
Resolution:
seems to be stationary in relation to Earth.
One is a particular case of the other. Adopt a body of mass m situated
Resolution: on the surface of the Earth (M,
T R).
T

The student and the satellite have the same angular velocity. G.M T .m
As the satellite has a larger radius, it has linear velocity.
F= RT2 G, MTand R Tare constants
greater than that of the student. Since they have the same period
From orbit, the satellite appears to be stationary in relation to the student.
g
Regarding acceleration, we have that the satellite has an acceleration.
greater than that of the observer. F = m.g

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44. (PUC) Consider a hypothetical planet in circular orbit Resolution:

around the sun. The radius of the planet's orbit is supposed
four times greater than the radius of the Earth's orbit, also
supposed terrestrial. What is the period of translation of the referred TP2 T2 2 2 R 3P 2 RP
3
= T T=T.
P T T=T.
P T
planet, measured in Earth years? R 3P R 3T R 3T R 3T

but R P= 4 RT

(4R) T 3 64 R 3T
TP = T.
T = T T. TP = 8 TT
R 3T R 3T

45. (MED Itajubá-MG) Which of the graphs below is the best Resolution:
represents the variation of the gravitational attraction force F
between two point masses, sufficiently distant When it increases, Fcai equilateral hyperbola
o
(not of 1st degree)
of any other mass, separated by a distance r?
F F Alternative E
a) b)

r r

F F
c) d)

r r

F
e)

FISCOL-MED0702-R