Chapter 6: Exponential and Logarithmic Functions

Selected Solutions to Odd Problems

Section 6.1

1) (f + g)(x) 3) (f/g)(x)
= f(x) + g(x) = (2x+3) + (3-x) = 2x+3 + 3 – x = x + 6

The function is defined for all values of x, so the

To find the domain, ignore the numerator.
domain is all real numbers.
Find where the denominator equals zero.
Exclude this number.
Solution: (f + g)(x)= x + 6
domain : computation 3 – x = 0
3=x

Solution: (f/g)(x) =

7) 11) (g – f)(x)

( )

The function is defined for all values of x, so the The function is defined for all values of x, so the
domain is all real numbers. domain is all real numbers.

Solution: = -2x Solution: (g – f)(x) = -2x2 + 10x + 7

13) 15)
( )

=10x3-17x2 -35x - 12 =2(25x2 + 20x + 20x + 16) – 25x – 20 – 3

= 50x2 + 40x + 40x + 32 – 25x – 20 – 3
The function is defined for all values of x, so the =50x2 +55x+9
domain is all real numbers.
The function is defined for all values of x, so the
Solution: = 10x3 – 17x2 – 35x – 12 domain is all real numbers.

Solution: = 50x2 + 55x + 9

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Chapter 6: Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
Selected Solutions to Odd Problems
Section 6.1

19) (h+k)(3) 21) (h/k)(5)

[ ]

Solution: (h+k)(3)=9 Solution: (h/k)(5) =

25) 27)

( ) ( )

Solution: =1 Solution: = -6

31) ( ) 35)

( )

Solution: =9

Solution: ( )

37) 41) (fg)(0)

( )
To find f(0) look at the graph.
This is asking for the y coordinate of the
point that has 0 for its x coordinate (f(0) = 1)

To find g(0) look at the graph.

Solution: = 99 This is asking for the y coordinate of the
point that has 0 for its x coordinate. (g(0) = -1)

Solution: (fg)(0)=-1

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Chapter 6: Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
Selected Solutions to Odd Problems
Section 6.1

43) (g/f)(1) 47)

First write without composite symbol.

=g(f(-2)) ****
To find f(1) look at the graph.
Then find f(-2), which is the y coordinate
This is asking for the y coordinate of the
of the point on the f graph with x of -2.
point that has 0 for its x coordinate. ( f(1) = 3)
f(-2)=-3
To find g(1) look at the graph.
This is asking for the y coordinate of the
replace f(-2) with 3 in **** above.
point that has 0 for its x coordinate. ( g(1) = 0)
=g(-3)
Solution: (g/f)(1)= 0
Now find g(-3) which is the y coordinate of the
point on the g graph with x = -3. g(-3) =8

Solution: =8
_____________________________________________________________________________________

Section 6.2
#5-12, Sketch a graph and determine whether each function is one to one (you may construct a table of
values, use a graphing calculator, or use a technique you already have learned to construct your graph.)

5) f(x) = 2x – 5

f(x) = 2x – 5 7) f(x) = x2 – 3
y y

5
5

x
x
-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8
-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8

-5
-5

Function is not one-to-one

Function is one-to-one
A horizontal line can be drawn to touch the graph
no horizontal line can be drawn to touch the graph in more than one place, the function not is one-to-
in more than one place, the function is one-to-one. one.

119
Chapter 6: Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
Selected Solutions to Odd Problems
Section 6.2

9) g(x) = x4 11) f(x) = x3

y y

5
5

x
x
-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8
-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8

-5

-5

Solution: Function is one-to-one

Solution: Function is not one-to-one
No horizontal line can be drawn to touch the graph
A horizontal line can be drawn to touch the graph in more than one place, the function is one-to-one.
in more than one place, the function not is one-to-
one.

13) f = { (0,1) (1,4) (2,4) (3,5)} 15) h = {(0,3) (5,1) (7,11) (9, -3)}

The function is not one-to-one because Function is one-to-one because all of the y values
two different points have the same y-value. are different. Find inverse by switching the x and
y’s.
Solution: Function is not one-to-one
Solution: Function is one-to-one
h-1 = { (3,0) (1,5) (11,7) (-3,9)}

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Chapter 6: Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
Selected Solutions to Odd Problems
Section 6.2

19) f(x) = 2x – 4
first: replace function symbol with a y 21)
y = 2x - 4 first: replace function symbol with a y
second: switch x and y, this creates the inverse
x = 2y - 4
third: solve for y second: switch x and y, this creates the inverse

third: solve for y

fourth: write with y on left side (if not already
there) 3x = y – 2
3x+ 2 = y
fifth: replace the y with an inverse symbol fourth: write with y on left side (if not already
there)
Solution: y = 3x + 2
fifth: replace the y with an inverse symbol
Solution:

25) √ 27) f(x) = x3 + 2

first: replace function symbol with a y first: replace function symbol with a y
√ y = x3 + 2
second: switch x and y, this creates the inverse second: switch x and y, this creates the inverse
√ x=y3+2
third: solve for y third: solve for y
x-2 = y3
(√ )
√ √
x3 = y
fourth: write with y on left side (if not already √
fourth: write with y on left side (if not already
there)
there)
y = x3
fifth: replace the y with an inverse symbol √
Solution: fifth: replace the y with an inverse symbol
Solution: √

121
Chapter 6: Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
Selected Solutions to Odd Problems

Section 6.3

13) f(x) = 3x 15) ( )

y
y

5 5

x
x
-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8
-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8

-5

-5

x h(x) computations
0 1
x f(x) computations ( )
0 1 f(0)=30 = 1
-1 1/3
1 3 f(1)=31 = 3 ( )
-1 1/3 f(-1) = 3-1 = 1/3
1 3
-2 1/9 f(-2)=3-2 = 1/32 = 1/9 ( ) ( )
-2 9
( ) ( )
2 1/9
( )
-3 27
( ) ( )

122
Chapter 6: Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
Selected Solutions to Odd Problems

Section 6.3

17) 19)

y y

5 5

x x
-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8

-5
-5

x f(x) computations x f(x) computations

3 1 f(3) = 23-3 = 20 = 1 -4 1 f(-4)=2-4+4 = 20 = 1
4 2 f(4) = 24-3 = 21 = 2 -5 ½ f(-5) = 2-5+4 = 2-1 = 1/2
2 ½ f(2)=22-3 = 2-1 = 1/2 -3 2 f(-3) = 2-3+4 = 21 = 2
5 4 f(5)= 25-3 = 22 = 4 -6 1/4 f(-6) = 2-6+4 = 2-2 = ½2 = 1/4
1 1/4 f(1)=21-3 = 2-2 = ½2 = 1/4

23) The number of computers infected by the spread of a virus through email can be described by the
exponential function c(t)=4(1.02)t , where t is the number of minutes since the first infected e-mail was
opened. Approximate the number of computers that will be infected after 6 hours (240 minutes).
(round to the nearest computer)

I just need to plug in 240 for t in the equation. I will need to use my calculator to get this answer.

c(240) = 4(1.02)240 = 464

Solution: 464 computers

25) The charge remaining in a battery decreases as the battery discharges. The charge C (in coulombs)
after t days is given by the formula C(t)= 0.0003(0.7)t. Find the charge after 5 days. (carry 6 decimal
places in your answer)

I need to evaluate the function at t = 5. I will need my calculator to simplify.

C(0) = 0.0003(0.7)5 = 0.00005

Solution: 0.00005 coulombs

123
Chapter 6: Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
Selected Solutions to Odd Problems

Section 6.3

#26-30: Use the compound interest formula ( ) to answer the following.

27) An initial deposit of $1,000 earns 4% interest compounded twice per year. How much will be in the
account after 5 years?

P = 1,000
r = .04
n=2
t=5

Substitute these values in the formula. Then use my calculator to evaluate.

( ) =1218.99

Solution: $1218.99

124
Chapter 6: Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
Selected Solutions to Odd Problems

Section 6.4

1) 32 = 9 5)

The base of the exponential function (3) is the The base of the exponential function (3) is the
base or subscripted part of the logarithm. base or subscripted part of the logarithm.
Switch the 2 and the 9. Switch the -1 and the 1/3.
Solution: log39 =2 Solution: log3(1/3) =-1

7) ey = x 11) log381=4

The base of the exponential function (e) is the Write the problem without the log.
base or subscripted part of the logarithm. The 3 remains the base in the
Switch the y and the x. exponential function. Switch the 81 and 4.

Solution: logex = y Solution: 34 =81

13) log264=6 17) log x=3

Write the problem without the log. Since no base is written the base is
The 2 remains the base in the assumed to be 10. You can
exponential function. Switch the 64 and 6. think of the problem like this:

Solution: 26 = 64 log10x = 3

Write the problem without the log.

The 10 remains the base in the exponential
function. Switch the x and 3.

Solution: 103 = x

125
Chapter 6: Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
Selected Solutions to Odd Problems

Section 6.4

19) log22 23) log31

This is asking the question 2? = 2, This is asking the question 3? = 1,

The answer must be 1 because: 21 = 2 The answer must be 0 because: 30 = 1

Solution: 1 Solution: 0

27) log464 31) log1

This is asking the question 4? = 64, Remember if no base is written the base is
The answer must be 3 because: 43 = 64 assumed to be a 10. Think of the problem as:

Solution: 3 log101

This is asking the question 10? = 1,

The answer must be 0 because: 100 = 1

Solution: 0

33) log100 37) log223

This is asking the question 10? = 100, This is asking the question 2? = 23,
The answer must be 2 because: 102 = 100 The answer must be 3 because: 23 = 23

Solution: 2 Solution: 3

41) log445

This is asking the question 4? = 45,

The answer must be 5 because: 45 = 45

Solution: 5

126
Chapter 6: Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
Selected Solutions to Odd Problems

Section 6.4

49) y = log2x

2y= x (problem written in exponential form) y

Domain
5
x y computations
1 0 (y=0) 20 = x
1=x x
½ -1 (y = -1) 2-1 = x -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8
½=x
2 1 (y=1) 21 = x
2=x -5

¼ -2 (y=-2) 2-2 = x
¼=x
4 2 (y=2) 22 = x
4=x

53) y = log2(x+4)

2y = x + 4 (problem written in exponential form) y

Domain

5
x y computations
-3 0 (y = 0) 20 = x+ 4
1=x+4 x
-3 = x -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8
-3.5 -1 (y=-1) 2-1 = x
½=x+4
.5 = x+4 -5
-3.5 = x
-2 1 (y =1) 21 = x+4
2 =x+4
-2 = x
-3.75 -2 (y = -2) 2-2 = x+4
¼ = x+4
0.25 = x+4
-3.75 = x
0 2 (y=2) 22 = x+4
4 = x+4
0=x

127
Chapter 6: Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
Selected Solutions to Odd Problems

Section 6.4

57) ⁄ 13) y= ex (from 6.5)

equation written in exponential form y

(1/2)y = x + 1
Domain
5

x
5 -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8

x
-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8
-5

-5

x Y computations – done on
x y computations calculator
0 0 (y = 0) (1/2)0 = x+1 0 1 y=e0
1 = x+1 y=1
0=x -1 .37 y=e-1
1 -1 (y = -1) (1/2)-1 = x+ 1 =.37
(2/1)1 = x+ 1 1 2.72 y = e1
2 = x+1 y = 2.72
1=x -2 .14 y = e-2
-1/2 1 (y=1) (1/2)1 = x+1 y = .14
½ = x+1 2 7.39 y = e2
½-1 = x y=7.39

3 -2 (y = -2) (1/2)-2 = x+1

(2/1)2 = x+1
4 =x+1
3=x
-3/4 2 (y=2) (1/2)2 = x+1
¼ = x+1
¼-1=x

-3/4 = x

128
Chapter 6: Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
Selected Solutions to Odd Problems

Section 6.5

17) y = ex-2 19) y = ln(x)

Equation written in exponential form:
y
ey = x
Domain
5
y

x
-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 5

x
-5
-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8

-5

x Y computations – done on
calculator
2 0 y = e2-2
x y computations- done on calculator
y= e0
1 0 (y=0) e0 = x
y=1
1=x
3 2.72 y = e3-2
2.72 1 (y = 1) e1 = x
y = e1
2.72 = x
y = 2.72
.37 -1 (y = -1) e-1 = x
1 .37 y= e1-2
0.37 = x
y = e-1
y = 0.37 7.39 2 (y = 2) e2 = x
7.39 = x
4 7.39 y= e4-2
y = e2 .14 -2 (y = -2) e-2 = x
y = 7.39 0.14 = x
0 .14 y=e0-2
y = e-2
y = 0.14

129
Chapter 6: Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
Selected Solutions to Odd Problems

Section 6.5

23) y = ln(x+2) 25) y = ln(3 – x)

Equation written in exponential form: Equation written in exponential form:
ey = x+2 ey = 3 – x
Domain I will rewrite a bit more
y x = 3 – ey
Domain
5
y

x
5
-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8

x
-5 -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8

-5

x y computations, done on calculator

-1 0 (y=0) e0 = x+2 x y computations- done on calculator
1 = x+2
2 0 (y=0) x = 3-e0 = 2
-1 = x
2.63 -1 (y=-1) x = 3-e-1 = 2.63
.72 1 (y=1) e1 = x+2
.28 1 (y=1) x = 3-e1 = 3-2.72 = .28
2.72 = x+2
2.86 -2 (y=-2) x = 3-e-2 = 3-.14 = 2.86
x = .72
-4.39 2 (y=2) x = 3-e2 = 3 – 7.39 = -4.39
-1.63 -1 (y=-1) e-1 = x+ 2.
.37 = x+ 2
-1.63 = x
5.39 2 (y = 2) e2 = x+2
7.39 = x+2
5.39 =x
-1.86 -2 (y=-2) e-2 = x+2
0.14 = x+2
-1.86 = x

130
Chapter 6: Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
Selected Solutions to Odd Problems

Section 6.5

29) An initial investment of $10,000

earns 5.25% interest compounded
continuously. What will the investment
be worth in 8 years?
P = 10000
r = .0525
t=8
Substitute values in formula
Use a calculator to evaluate.
A=10000e8*.0525 = 15219.62
Solution: $15219.62

_____________________________________________________________________________________
Section 6.6

1) log216 5) log885

This is asking the question 2? = 16, the answer is This is asking the question 8? = 85, the answer is 5,
4, because 24 = 16 because 85 = 85

Solution: 4 Solution: 5

9) ln(e) 11) log2643

Think of this as logee This is asking the question 2? = 643
This is asking the question e? = e, the answer is 1, I will need to do a bit of algebra to solve this. I
because e1 = e know 26 = 64. I can rewrite the problem.
2? = (26)3 I
Solution: 1 will clear the parenthesis by multiplying
exponents
2? = 218
Now it should be obvious that 18 is the solution.
Solution: 18

Section 6.6

13) Which of these is a true a) If I replace with the values to b) If I replace with the values
statement? the left: above:

131
Chapter 6: Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
Selected Solutions to Odd Problems
a) log2(4*8) = log24 * log28 log2(4*8) = log24 * log28
b) log2(4*8) = log24 + log28 log2(4*8) = log24 + log28
5 = 2*3 5=2+3
To answer these questions I 5=6 5 = 5 (this is true
need to know what each part
equals. This is false.

log2(4*8) = log232 = 5

log24 = 2

log2 8 = 3

Solution: a is false, b is true

15) Which of these is a true a) If I replace with the values b) If I replace with the values
statement? above: above:

a)

b) (this is false) 3=4-1

3=3 (this is true)

I need to know what each piece is
equal to, before I can answer the
question.

log216 = 4

log22 =1

Solution: a is false, b is true

Section 6.6

17) Which of these is a true a) I will replace the values to b) I will replace the values to
statement? determine if this is true or not. determine if this is true or not.
a) log1003 = (log100)3
b) log1003 = = 3log100 log1003 = (log100)3 log1003 = = 3log100

132
Chapter 6: Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
Selected Solutions to Odd Problems
6 = (2)3 6 = 3*2
I need to compute each piece 6 = 8 (this is false) 6 = 6 (this is true)
before I can answer the
question. You can use your
calculator if you can’t do these
by hand yet.

log1003 = 6

log100 = 2

Solution: a is false, b is true

21) log5(25x2y6) 23)

= log525 + log5x2 + log5y6

=log2(xy3) – log2z2
= 2 + 2log5x + 6log5y
= log2x + log2y3 – log2z2
Solution: log525 + 2log5x + 6log5y
= log2x + 3log2y – 2log2z
or 2 + 2log5x + 6log5y
Solution: log2x + 3log2y – 2log2z

25) 29) √

= log2(xy) – log2(w2z5) = √

⁄
=
= log2x + log2y – (log2w2 + log2z5)
= 2log2x + log2y
= log2x + log2y – 2log2w – 5log2z

Solution: log2x + log2y – 2log2w – 5log2z Solution: 2log2x + log2y

Section 6.6

33) 2log3x + 4log3y + log3z 35) 5log2x + 3log2y – log2z

= log3x2 + log3y4 + log3z = log2x5 + log2y3 – log2z

133
Chapter 6: Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
Selected Solutions to Odd Problems
= log3x3y4z =log2(x5y3) – log2z

Solution: log3x3y4z =

Solution:

37) 4logx – 2logy – 3 logz

=logx4 – (2logy + 3 logz)

= logx4 – (logy2 + logz3)

=logx4 – log(y2z3)

Solution:

134
Chapter 6: Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
Selected Solutions to Odd Problems

Section 6.7

3) 2x+1 = 32 5) ( )
2x+1 = 25

x+1 = 5 I need to use this fact to solve this

problem without logarithms.
x=4
This solution will check, but I am not showing the (2-1)x = 24
work.
Solution: x = 4 2-x = 24

-x = 4

x = -4
Solution: x = -4
Check x = -4
( )

( )

Th e solution checks.
x = -4 is the only solution

7) 9) 32x = 2
24-x = 26 (25)x = 21
4 – x =6 25x = 21
-x = 6 – 4 5x = 1
-x = 2 x = 1/5
x = -2
Solution: x = 1/5
Solution: x = -2 Check x = 1/5
Check x = -2 ⁄

24- (-2) = 64 √
24+2 = 64
26 = 64 The solution checks.
64 = 64 x = 1/5 is the only solution.

The solution checks.

x = -2 is the only solution.

135
Chapter 6: Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
Selected Solutions to Odd Problems

Section 6.7

13) 3x = 6 15) ex = 12
take log of both sides: log3x = log6 I will take the ln of both sides, because of the e in
make exponent coefficient: xlog3 = log 6 the problems.
divide: x=
take ln of both sides: ln(ex) = ln(12)
( I will get a decimal approximation using my
make exponent coefficient: xlne = ln(12)
calculator)
substitute ln(e) =1: x(1) = ln(12)
x = ln(12)
Solution: x = log36
x= 2.48
approx: 1.63
Solution: x = ln(12)
Check x = 1.63 (because I am checking a
approx: 2.48
rounded answer, this might not check quite as
nicely as the last few problems.
Check x = 2.48
31.63 = 6
e2.48 = 12
5.9938 = 6 (this isn’t exactly 6=6, but it is close
11.941 = 12 (this is still close enough because I
enough)
am using a rounded answer)

19) 32e2x = 128

first divide by 32 :

e2x = 4
I will take the ln of both sides: ln(e2x) = ln4

make exponent coefficient: 2xlne = ln4

replace lne with 1: 2x = ln4

divide:

(This solution will check, I am not going to show

how this solution checks)

Solution:
approx: .69

136
Chapter 6: Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
Selected Solutions to Odd Problems

Section 6.7

25) log3x = 2 27) ln x = 1

rewrite in exponential form:
32 = x rewrite with ln = loge
9=x
Solution: x = 9 logex = 1

Check x = 9 write without log

log39 = 2 (you can evaluate the logarithm on e1 = x

your calculator, if you can’t do it in your head)
2=2 Solution: x = e (approx 2.72)
check x = e
The solution checks and x = 9 is the only
solution. ln e = 1
1=1

The solution checks.

x = e is the only solution.

31) log4(3x-6) = -1 35) log2(x-1) = 3

write in exponential form write without log
4-1 = 3x-6 23 = x – 1
(cross multiply) 8=x–1
4(3x-6) = 1*1 9=x
12x – 24 = 1
12x = 25 Solution: x = 9
x = 25/12
Solution: x = 25/12 Check x = 9
log2(9-1) = 3
check x = 4 log28 = 3
log464 = 3 (again, use your calculator if you can’t do the log
(again, use your calculator if you can’t do the in your head)
log in your head) 3=3
3=3
The solution checks.
The solution checks. x = 3 is the only solution.
x = 4 is the only solution.

137
Chapter 6: Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
Selected Solutions to Odd Problems

Section 6.7

37) log2(2x)=5 39) log(x+1) = log(3x-2)

write without the logarithm
you can solve be dropping the logs and equating
5
2 = 2x the arguments.

32 = 2x x+1 = 3x -2
-2x = -3
16 = x =

(This solution checks, but I will not include the Solution: x = 3/2
checking here.)
Check x = 3/2
Solution: x = 16
( ) ( )

( ) ( )

( ) ( )

The solution checks.

x=3/2 is the only solution.

138
Chapter 6: Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
Selected Solutions to Odd Problems

Section 6.7

43) log2x – log2(x+6)=-2 45) log2 x – log2 (x – 6) = 2

write as a single log write a single log:

write without the log, in exponential form write in exponential form:

replace 2-2 with 1/4:

cross multiply 4x = x + 6 clear fractions:

3x = 6
x=2 4x – 24 = x
3x = 24
Solution: x = 2 x=8

Check x = 2 Solution: x = 8
Check x = 8
log22 - log2(2+6) = -2
1 – log28 = -2 log28 - log2(8-6) = 2
1-3 = -2
-2 = -2 3 – log22 = 2

The solution checks. 3–1=2

x = -2 is the only solution.
2=2

The solution checks.

x= 8 is the only solution

139
Chapter 6: Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
Selected Solutions to Odd Problems

Section 6.7

47) log2(x+6) – log2(3x+2)=-1 51) log3(x+6) + log3(3x) = 4

write as a single log: write as a single log:

simplify: log3(3x2 + 18x) = 4

write in exponential form:
write in exponential form: 34 = 3x2 + 18x
-1
replace 2 with 1/2":
81 = 3x2 + 18x
cross multiply: 1(3x+2) = 2(x+6)
divide by 3:
Solve: 3x + 2 = 2x + 12
27 = x2 + 6x
x = 10 0 = x2 + 6x – 27
0 = (x+9)(x-3)
This solution will check. I am not x+9 = 0 or x – 3 =0
including the work. x = -9, or x =3
Solution: x = 10
Solution: x =3
x = -9 is extraneous

Check x = 3 Check x = -9

log3(3+6) + log3(3*3) = log3(-9+6)+log3(3*(-9))

4 =4

log39 + log39 = 4 log3(-3) + log3(-27) = 4

2+2=4 Each of these logs is a

non-real number.
The solution checks.
x = 3 is the only The solution does not
solution. check

x = -9 is extraneous

140
Chapter 6: Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
Selected Solutions to Odd Problems

Section 6.7

Use the formula: P = P0ekt , where P0 is the initial population at t=0, and k is the rate of growth.

57) The bacterial in a laboratory culture 57) continued:

increased from an initial population of 500 to ⁄
put the values in the formula
1,500 in 3 hours. How long will it take the
population to reach 10,000? (hint first use the ⁄
(divide by 500)
500 to 1,500 in 3 hours and the formula above to
solve for k, then use the 10,000 to answer the
⁄
question.) (round t the nearest hour) (take the ln of both sides)

Use the first group of numbers and the formula to (make exponent a coefficient)
solve for k.
P = 1500 P0 = 500 t=3
(replace lne with 1)
Substitute values into equation: 1500 = 500ek*3
(multiply by
(divide by 500) 3 = e3k

(take the ln of both sides) ln(3) = ln(e3k) (use your calculator)

(make the exponent a coefficient) ln(3) = 8.1805 = t Solu
3kln(e)
Solution: About 8 hours
(substitute lne = 1) ln(3) = 3k

divide by 3

Now use the next bit of information to answer

the question.

P = 10000
P0 = 500
k=
continued in right column

141
Chapter 6: Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
Selected Solutions to Odd Problems

Section 6.7

Use the continuous compound interest formula: A = Pert , where P is the initial investment, r the annual
interest rate, and t the number of years to solve the following.

61) How long will it take an initial investment of 63) How long will it take an initial investment of
$1,000 to double if it is expected to earn 6% $10,000 to grow to $15,000 if it is expected to
interest compounded continuously? (round to 1 earn 4% interest compounded continuously?
decimal place) (round to 1 decimal place)

find values for the formula find values for the formula:
P = 1,000
A = 2,000 (goal is to double the initial investment. A = 15000
r = .06 P = 10000
r = .04
Substitute these values into the formula.
2000=1000e.06t substitute into formula
15000= 10000e.04t
(divide by 1000) 2 = e.06t
(divide by 10000) 1.5 = e.04t
.06t
(take ln of both sides) ln(2) = ln(e )
(take ln of each side) ln(1.5) = ln(e.04t)
(make exponent coefficient)
ln(2) = (.06t)lne (make exponent a coefficient)
ln(1.5) = .04tln(e)
(lne = 1) ln(2) = .06t
(ln(e) = 1) ln(1.5) = .04t
divide:
(divide)
(use calculator)
11.6 = t
(use calculator)
Solution: about 11.6 years t = 10.1
Solution: about 10.1 years

142