Python – Complete Babes Guide
1. Python
• Definition: High-level, interpreted programming language.
• English term: Language to talk to computers easily.
• Features: Easy to read/write, Portable, Dynamically typed.
• Example:
print("Hello Babes")
• Practice Question: Print your name.
2. Program
• Definition: Set of instructions for a computer.
• Example: Add two numbers.
a = 5
b = 10
print(a + b)
• Practice Question: Find the square of a number.
3. Variables
• Names that store data. Storage box for data.
• Rules: Cannot be a keyword, letters/digits/_, cannot start with digit.
• Example:
name = "Babes"
age = 16
• Practice Question: Store and print your age.
4. Comments
• Notes ignored by Python. Sticky notes for humans.
• Types: Single-line # , Multi-line """""" , Docstring inside function.
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def greet():
"""This prints hello"""
print("Hello")
• Practice Question: Add comments explaining a program that adds two numbers.
5. Operators
• Symbols performing operations. Types: Arithmetic, Comparison, Logical.
• Example:
x = 5 + 3
y = 10 / 2
• Practice Question: Check if a number is even or odd using % .
6. Keywords
• Reserved words Python understands.
• Examples: if, else, for, while, def
• Practice Question: List 5 Python keywords.
7. IDLE
• Integrated Development and Learning Environment.
• Modes: Interactive (test line by line), Script (save programs).
• Features: Shell, Editor, Debugger, Syntax highlighting, Auto-indentation
• Practice Question: Write a program to print your name in IDLE.
8. Python Character Set
• Letters A-Z/a-z, digits 0-9, symbols + - * / %, whitespace (space, tab, newline)
• Practice Question: Identify type of each character in "Hello123!".
9. Tokens
• Smallest unit of a program. Types: keywords, identifiers, literals, operators, separators
• Practice Question: Identify tokens in x = 10 + 5 .
10. Identifiers
• Names for variable/function/object. Rules: No keywords, letters/digits/_, cannot start with digit
• Valid: _sum, value1; Invalid: 1sum, @var
• Practice Question: Write 3 valid and 3 invalid identifiers.
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11. Data Types
• Numeric: int, float; Non-numeric: str, list, tuple, set, dict
• Example:
a = 10 # int
b = 3.14 # float
c = "Babes" # str
• Practice Question: Identify data types: 10, 3.5, "Hi", [1,2]
12. type()
• Shows data type of variable
• Example: print(type("Python"))
• Practice Question: Check type of 5.5 and "Python".
13. Type Conversion
• Implicit: automatic, Explicit: manual int(), float(), str()
• Example:
x = "100"
y = int(x)
• Practice Question: Convert float 3.5 to int.
14. Input
• Takes input from user. Always string.
• Convert to number: int(input())
• Practice Question: Take 2 numbers and print their sum.
15. Comments
• Already covered. Practice Question: Comment a program.
16. Features of Python
• Portable, Dynamically typed, Garbage collection
• Practice Question: List 2 features of Python.
17. Functions
• Block of code performing task. Built-in vs User-defined
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• Arguments: Values passed, Calling: Running function
• Example:
def greet(name):
print("Hello", name)
greet("Babes")
• Practice Question: Function to print square of a number.
18. Expressions
• Combination of values/variables/operators producing result
• Example: a = 5 + 3 * 2
• Practice Question: Calculate (5+3)/4.
19. Conditional Statements
• if, else, elif, nested if
• Example:
x = 10
if x > 0:
print("Positive")
elif x == 0:
print("Zero")
else:
print("Negative")
• Practice Question: Check grade based on marks.
20. Loops
• for: known repetitions; while: unknown; nested: loop inside loop
• Example: for i in range(3): print(i)
• Practice Question: Print numbers 1-5 using while loop.
21. Basic Programs
• Add numbers, square/cube, swap numbers, even/odd, grade, vowel/consonant
• Practice Question: Swap two numbers without third variable.
22. Data Structures & Conversions
• List, Tuple, Set, Dictionary
• Conversions: list(), tuple(), set(), hex(), oct(), bin()
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• Example:
s = "Python"
print(list(s))
• Practice Question: Convert "Python" to tuple and set.
23. Indentation
• Space at line start defining blocks
• Rules: 4 spaces, required after if/for/while/def/class
• Example:
x = 10
if x > 5:
print("x>5")
• Practice Question: Predict output of nested if program.
