Distribution of Minerals and Energy Resources (Detailed)
Type / Distribution /
Resource Uses / Importance Others
Classification Location
Ferrous
Mineral. Almost the
Used for steel entire
Magnetite is Exported after
making. Magnetite production (97%
the finest ore meeting internal
is valuable in the in 2018–19)
(up to 70% demands. Basic
Iron Ore electrical industry. accrued from
iron content). mineral and backbone
Hematite is the Odisha,
Hematite has of industrial
most important Chhattisgarh,
a slightly development
industrial ore. Karnataka, and
lower content Jharkhand.
(50–60%).
1. Odisha-
Jharkhand belt:
High-grade
hematite in
Badampahar
mines
(Mayurbhanj
Iron Ore Belts Ferrous Essential for steel
and Kendujhar
(Specific) Mineral manufacturing.
districts,
Odisha).
Hematite in Gua
and Noamundi
(Singbhum
district,
Jharkhand).
2. Durg-Bastar- The range comprises
Chandrapur 14 deposits of super
belt: Lies in high-grade hematite.
Chhattisgarh Bailadila hills resemble
and the hump of an ox.
Maharashtra. Ore is exported to
Features very Japan and South
high-grade Korea via
hematites in the Vishakhapatnam port.
Bailadila range
of hills (Bastar
district,
Chhattisgarh).
3. Ballari- Kudremukh deposits
Chitradurga- are known to be one
Chikkamagaluru of the largest in the
-Tumakuru belt: world. Kudremukh is a
Located in 100 per cent export
Karnataka. unit. Ore is
Includes the transported as a slurry
Kudremukh through a pipeline to
mines (Western a port near
Ghats). Mangaluru.
4. Maharashtra-
Ores are not of very
Goa belt:
high quality.
Includes the
Efficiently exploited
state of Goa and
and exported through
Ratnagiri district
Marmagao port.
of Maharashtra.
Mainly used in Production
manufacturing share (2018–19):
steel and ferro- Madhya
manganese alloy Pradesh (33%),
(approx. 10 kg per Maharashtra Provides a strong base
Ferrous
Manganese tonne of steel). (27%), Odisha for metallurgical
Mineral.
Used in (16%), industries.
manufacturing Karnataka
bleaching powder, (12%), Andhra
insecticides, and Pradesh (10%),
paints. Others (2%).
Copper Non-Ferrous Used mainly in Leading India is critically
Mineral. electrical cables, producers: deficient in reserves
electronics, and Balaghat mines and production.
chemical (Madhya
industries. Pradesh), Khetri
Properties: mines
malleable, ductile, (Rajasthan), and
and a good Singhbhum
conductor. district
(Jharkhand).
Deposits mainly
found in the
Amarkantak
plateau, Maikal
Source of alumina Aluminum was
hills, and the
Non-Ferrous and later historically used in
plateau region
Mineral. aluminum. expensive utensils
of Bilaspur-
Formed by the Aluminum is before becoming
Katni. Odisha
Bauxite decompositio valued for its common. Production
was the largest
n of rocks rich strength, extreme shares include: Odisha
producer (65%
in aluminum lightness, good (65%), Jharkhand
share in 2018-
silicates. conductivity, and (10%), Gujarat (9%),
19), particularly
great malleability. Chhattisgarh (6%).
the
Panchpatmali
deposits in
Koraput district.
Deposits found
on the northern
edge of the
Indispensable in Chota Nagpur
electric and plateau. The
electronic Koderma – Gaya
Non-Metallic industries due to – Hazaribagh
Splits easily into thin
Mineral. Made excellent di- belt of
sheets. Can be clear,
Mica up of a series electric strength, Jharkhand is the
black, green, red,
of plates or low power loss leading
yellow, or brown.
leaves. factor, insulating producer. Other
properties, and areas: around
resistance to high Ajmer
voltage. (Rajasthan) and
the Nellore mica
belt (Andhra
Pradesh).
Limestone Rock Mineral / Basic raw material Found in Some rocks, like
Non-Metallic. for the cement association with limestone, consist of a
Found in industry. Essential rocks composed single mineral only.
sedimentary for smelting iron of calcium
rocks. ore in the blast carbonates or
calcium and
magnesium
carbonates.
Occurs in
furnace.
sedimentary
rocks of most
geological
formations.
Major resources
(over 200 million
years old) are
located in the
Provides a India is highly
Damodar valley
substantial part of dependent on coal for
Conventional (West Bengal-
the nation’s energy commercial energy. It
Source / Fossil Jharkhand).
Coal needs. Used for is bulky and loses
Fuel. Important fields:
(Gondwana) power generation weight on use
Metallurgical Jharia, Raniganj,
and (reduced to ash).
coal. Bokaro. Also
industrial/domesti Industries are located
found in the
c energy. on or near coalfields.
Godavari,
Mahanadi, Son,
and Wardha
valleys.
Tertiary coals
occur in the
Conventional northeastern
Source / Fossil states of
Fuel. Tertiary Meghalaya, Peat (lowest grade)
Lignite reserves
Coal deposits Assam, has low carbon/high
are used for the **
(Tertiary/Lignite (about 55 Arunachal moisture. Anthracite is
generation of
) million years Pradesh, and the highest quality
electricity**.
old). Lignite is Nagaland. hard coal.
low grade Principal lignite
brown coal. reserves are in
Neyveli in Tamil
Nadu.
Petroleum Conventional Provides fuel for Major Occurs in anticlines
Source / Fossil heat/lighting, production and fault traps. Oil is
Fuel. lubricants, and raw areas: Mumbai trapped in porous
High, Gujarat,
and Assam.
Ankeleshwar is
the most
materials.
important field
Refineries act as a layers
Associated in Gujarat.
"nodal industry" (limestone/sandstone)
with tertiary Assam is the
for synthetic . Toothbrush/tube are
age rock oldest oil
textile, fertilizer, made of plastics from
formations. producing state
and chemical petroleum.
(fields include
industries.
Digboi,
Naharkatiya,
and Moran-
Hugrijan).
Major reserves
found in
Used as
Mumbai High
domestic/industria
and allied fields
l fuel. Used in
along the west Released when crude
Conventional power sector, as
coast. oil is brought to the
Source. Found raw material in
Supplemented surface. Linked by the
Natural Gas with chemical/fertilizer
by finds in the 1,700 km long Hazira-
petroleum industries.
Cambay basin. Vijaipur-Jagdishpur
deposits. Preferred as
New reserves (HVJ) gas pipeline.
transport fuel
discovered along
(CNG) and cooking
the East Coast in
fuel (PNG).
the Krishna-
Godavari basin.
Uranium and
Thorium are
available in
Non- Jharkhand and Energy released by
Used for
Uranium & Conventional / the Aravalli altering the structure
generating atomic
Thorium Atomic ranges of of atoms (releasing
or nuclear power.
Energy. Rajasthan. The heat).
Monazite sands
of Kerala are
rich in Thorium.
Wind Power Non- Energy generation. Largest cluster is India has great
located in Tamil
Nadu, running
from Nagarcoil
to Madurai.
Other areas:
Andhra Pradesh,
Conventional / Karnataka,
potential for wind
Renewable Gujarat, Kerala,
power.
Source. Maharashtra,
and
Lakshadweep.
Nagarcoil and
Jaisalmer are
known for
effective use.
Ideal conditions
found in the
Gulf of
Khambhat, the
Non-
Used to generate Gulf of Kuchchh Floodgate dams are
Conventional /
Tidal Energy electricity using in Gujarat, and built across inlets to
Renewable
oceanic tides. the Gangetic trap water.
Source.
delta in the
Sunderban
regions of West
Bengal.
Two
experimental
Exists where the
Heat and projects: Parvati
Non- geothermal gradient is
electricity valley near
Geothermal Conventional / high. Groundwater
production using Manikaran
Energy Renewable absorbs heat and
heat from the (Himachal
Source. turns into steam to
Earth's interior. Pradesh) and
drive turbines.
the Puga Valley
(Ladakh).
