Answer Key
Part I. Multiple Choice
1. B
2. B
3. C
4. C
5. B
Part II. Identification
1. Normal curve
2. Standard deviation (σ)
3. z-score formula
4. Normal distribution
5. Carl Frederich Gauss
Part III. Modified True or False
1. TRUE
2. False – does not touch (approaches but never touches x-axis)
3. False – left or right (change in mean shifts curve left or right)
4. TRUE
5. False – increases (cumulative area increases with z-scores)
Part IV. Solving
1. Z = (55-50)/5 = 1.00 → P(Z<1.00) = 0.8413
2. P(Z<-1.25) = 0.1056
3. Z = (120-100)/15 = 1.33 → P(Z>1.33) = 1 - 0.9082 = 0.0918
4. Z1 = (65-70)/8 = -0.63, Z2 = (75-70)/8 = 0.63 → P(-0.63<Z<0.63) =
0.7357 - 0.2643 = 0.4714
5. P(Z>2.50) = 1 - 0.9938 = 0.0062
6. Z = (450-500)/100 = -0.50 → P(Z<-0.50) = 0.3085
7. Z1 = (8-10)/2 = -1, Z2 = (12-10)/2 = 1 → P(-1<Z<1) = 0.8413 - 0.1587 =
0.6826
8. P(-2<Z<2) = 0.9772 - 0.0228 = 0.9544
9. Z = (230-200)/20 = 1.5 → P(Z<1.5) = 0.9332
10. P(Z<-3.00) = 0.0013
Part V.
1. P(0 < Z < 1.32)
Solution: Φ(1.32) - Φ(0) = 0.9066 - 0.5000 = 0.4066
2. P(Z > -1.25)
Solution: 1 - Φ(-1.25) = 1 - 0.1056 = 0.8944
3. P(Z < -1.87)
Solution: Φ(-1.87) = 0.0307
4. P(Z < 2.10)
Solution: Φ(2.1) = 0.9821
5. P(-1.05 < Z < 0.76)
Solution: Φ(0.76) - Φ(-1.05) = 0.7764 - 0.1469 = 0.6295
6. P(Z > 1.45)
Solution: 1 - Φ(1.45) = 1 - 0.9265 = 0.0735
7. P(Z < 0.58)
Solution: Φ(0.58) = 0.7190
8. P(-2.25 < Z < -0.60)
Solution: Φ(-0.6) - Φ(-2.25) = 0.2743 - 0.0122 = 0.2620
9. P(Z > 2.40)
Solution: 1 - Φ(2.4) = 1 - 0.9918 = 0.0082
10. P(0 < Z < 1.90)
Solution: Φ(1.9) - Φ(0) = 0.9713 - 0.5000 = 0.4713
Part VI. Answer Key (with z-scores and probabilities)
1. Weight at least 20 lbs
z = (x - μ)/σ = (20 - 22.8)/2.15 = -1.3023
P(X > 20) = 1 - Φ(-1.3023) = 0.9036
2. Light between 425 and 475
z1 = (425 - 450)/20 = -1.2500
z2 = (475 - 450)/20 = 1.2500
P(425 < X < 475) = Φ(1.2500) - Φ(-1.2500) = 0.7887
3. Speed violating >70
z = (x - μ)/σ = (70 - 67)/3.5 = 0.8571
P(X > 70) = 1 - Φ(0.8571) = 0.1957
4. Battery life less than 8 hours
z = (8 - 10)/1.2 = -1.6667
P(X < 8) = Φ(-1.6667) = 0.0478
5. Shoe size between 8 and 10
z1 = (8 - 9)/0.8 = -1.2500
z2 = (10 - 9)/0.8 = 1.2500
P(8 < X < 10) = Φ(1.2500) - Φ(-1.2500) = 0.7887
6. Systolic BP over 140
z = (x - μ)/σ = (140 - 120)/10 = 2.0000
P(X > 140) = 1 - Φ(2.0000) = 0.0228
7. Delivery time less than 3 days
z = (3 - 4.2)/0.6 = -2.0000
P(X < 3) = Φ(-2.0000) = 0.0228
8. Diameter out of spec (<9.95 or >10.05)
z_lower = (9.95 - 10)/0.04 = -1.2500
z_upper = (10.05 - 10)/0.04 = 1.2500
P(X < 9.95 or X > 10.05) = Φ(-1.2500) + [1 - Φ(1.2500)] = 0.2113
9. Exam score top 5%
For top 5%: find z with 1 - Φ(z) = 0.050 → Φ(z) = 0.950
z ≈ 1.6449
Cutoff score = μ + zσ = 75 + 1.6449×10 ≈ 91.45
10. Height above 180 cm
z = (x - μ)/σ = (180 - 175)/5 = 1.0000
P(X > 180) = 1 - Φ(1.0000) = 0.1587
