Data Types and Web in Python – M.Sc.
Computer
Science
1. DATA TYPES IN PYTHON
Definition: A data type is a classification specifying the type of value a variable can hold, how it is stored,
and operations allowed.
Categories
Category Definition Example
Text Sequence of characters str
Numeric Numbers used in arithmetic int, float, complex
Sequence Ordered collections list, tuple, range
Mapping Key-value pair collections dict
Set Unique unordered elements set, frozenset
Binary Raw byte data bytes, bytearray, memoryview
Boolean True or False values bool
NoneType Represents absence of value None
Key Notes
• Mutable: list, dict, set, bytearray
• Immutable: str, tuple, frozenset, int, float, complex
2. TEXT STRINGS
Definition: A string is a sequence of Unicode characters enclosed in quotes.
Operations
• Indexing, slicing, concatenation, repetition
• Encoding/Decoding for storage/transfer
s = "Python Programming"
print(s[0])
1
print(s[0:6])
print(s*2)
Advanced Methods
text = " Data Science with Python "
print(text.strip())
print(text.upper())
print(text.lower())
print(text.replace("Python", "AI"))
words = text.split()
print("-".join(words))
Formatting
name = "Priya"
age = 23
print(f"My name is {name} and I am {age} years old.")
3. BINARY DATA
Definition: Data stored in bytes for multimedia, encryption, and low-level processing.
b = b"Hello"
ba = bytearray(b)
ba[0] = 72
print(ba)
Reading/Writing Binary Files:
with open("image.jpg", "rb") as f:
data = f.read()
with open("copy.jpg", "wb") as f:
f.write(data)
4. STORING AND RETRIEVING DATA
Definition: Saving data to files/databases and retrieving for processing.
2
File I/O
with open("sample.txt", "w") as f:
f.write("Hello Python")
Structured Files
CSV: Tabular data JSON: Hierarchical key-value data Pickle: Python object serialization
5. DATABASE CONNECTIVITY
Relational Database (SQLite)
import sqlite3
conn = sqlite3.connect("college.db")
cursor = conn.cursor()
cursor.execute('CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS student(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, name
TEXT, marks INTEGER)')
cursor.execute("INSERT INTO student(name,marks) VALUES(?,?)", ("Priya",95))
conn.commit()
NoSQL Database (MongoDB)
from pymongo import MongoClient
client = MongoClient()
db = client["university"]
db.students.insert_one({"name":"Anu", "marks":90})
6. WEB CONCEPTS
Web Clients
import requests
r = requests.get("https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts/1")
print(r.json())
3
Web Servers (Flask)
from flask import Flask
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route("/")
def home():
return "Hello Flask"
app.run(debug=True)
Web Services (REST API)
from flask import Flask, jsonify
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route('/api/data')
def data():
return jsonify({"course":"MSc CS","subject":"Python"})
Web Automation
from selenium import webdriver
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get("https://google.com")
print(driver.title)
driver.quit()
7. ADVANCED USE CASES
1. Data Pipeline: CSV → Clean → MongoDB → Flask API → Dashboard
2. Web Scraping + Storage: Scrape → SQLite → Email alerts
3. Machine Learning: Pickle models → Serve via Flask API
8. SUMMARY TABLE
Concept Definition Module/Tool Use Case
Text Strings Sequence of Unicode characters str NLP, reports
Binary Data Sequence of bytes bytes, bytearray Media processing
File I/O Read/write files open(), csv, json Data persistence
4
Concept Definition Module/Tool Use Case
Structured
Serialize Python objects pickle, h5py ML model storage
Binary
Transactional
Relational DB Tables with relationships sqlite3, PostgreSQL
storage
NoSQL DB Schema-less storage pymongo, MongoDB Web apps, analytics
REST API
Web Client Sends HTTP requests requests
consumption
Web Server Responds to HTTP requests Flask, Django Web apps
Machine-to-machine data
Web Service Flask API, FastAPI REST APIs
exchange
BeautifulSoup,
Automation Automates web tasks Scraping/testing
Selenium
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End of Notes.
