UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI
INTRODUCTION
TO COMPUTING
Prepared by: Alexander B. Pahayahay, MIT
Number System
Number System
• The technique to represent and work with
numbers
• It is simply a system to represent or express
numbers
• It is defined as the representation of numbers
by using digits or other symbols in a
consistent manner.
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The value of each digit in a number
can be determined using :
• The digit
• The position of the digit in the number
• The base of the number system (where the base is
defined as the total number of digits available in
the number system)
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Decimal Number System
• Decimal number system is a base 10 number
system having 10 digits from 0 to 9.
• This means that any numerical quantity can be
represented using these 10 digits.
• Decimal number system is also a positional value
system.
• This means that the value of digits will depend
on its position.
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Example
• 734
• 971
• 207
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Example
• 1234
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Binary Number System
• Characteristics of the binary number system are as
follows −
• Uses two digits, 0 and 1
• Also called as base 2 number system
• Each position in a binary number represents a 0 power of
the base (2). Example 20
• Last position in a binary number represents a x power of
the base (2). Example 2x where x represents the last
position - 1.
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Binary Number System
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Binary Number System
• In any binary number, the rightmost digit is called least
significant bit (LSB) and leftmost digit is called most
significant bit (MSB).
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Binary Number to Decimal Number
• Binary Number: 101012
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Step 1
• 101012
• Convert to this format:
((1 x 24) + (0 x 23) + (1 x 22) + (0 x 21) + (1 x 20))10
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Step 2
• Compute and simplify: (16 + 0 + 4 + 0 + 1)10
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Step 3
• The answer is: 2110
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chart for memory capacity conversion
• 1 byte (B) = 8 bits
• 1 Kilobytes (KB) = 1024 bytes
• 1 Megabyte (MB) = 1024 KB
• 1 Gigabyte (GB) = 1024 MB
• 1 Terabyte (TB) = 1024 GB
• 1 Exabyte (EB) = 1024 PB
• 1 Zettabyte = 1024 EB
• 1 Yottabyte (YB) = 1024 ZB
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Octal Number System
• Characteristics of the octal number system are as follows
−
• Uses eight digits, 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7
• Also called as base 8 number system
• Each position in an octal number represents a 0 power of the
base (8). Example 80
• Last position in an octal number represents a x power of the
base (8). Example 8x where x represents the last position - 1
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Octal number system
• Decimal equivalent of any octal number is sum of product
of each digit with its positional value.
• 7268 = 7×82 + 2×81 + 6×80
• = 448 + 16 + 6
• = 47010
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Example
• Octal Number: 125708
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Hexadecimal Number System
• Characteristics of hexadecimal number system are as follows
−
• Uses 10 digits and 6 letters, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C,
D, E, F
• Letters represent the numbers starting from 10. A = 10. B =
11, C = 12, D = 13, E = 14, F = 15
• Also called as base 16 number system
• Each position in a hexadecimal number represents a 0 power
of the base (16). Example, 160
• Last position in a hexadecimal number represents a x power
of the base (16). Example 16x where x represents the last
position - 1
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Hexadecimal Number System
• Decimal equivalent of any hexadecimal number is sum of
product of each digit with its positional value.
• 27FB16 = 2×163 + 7×162 + 15×161 + 10×160
• = 8192 + 1792 + 240 +10
• = 1023410
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Example
• Hexadecimal Number: 19FDE16
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Hexadecimal Chart
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Decimal to Other Base System
• Step 1 − Divide the decimal number to
be converted by the value of the new
base.
• Step 2 − Get the remainder from Step 1
as the rightmost digit (least significant
digit) of the new base number.
• Step 3 − Divide the quotient of the
previous divide by the new base.
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Decimal to Other Base System
• Step 4 − Record the remainder from Step 3 as
the next digit (to the left) of the new base
number.
• Repeat Steps 3 and 4, getting remainders from
right to left, until the quotient becomes zero in
Step 3.
• The last remainder thus obtained will be the
Most Significant Digit (MSD) of the new base
number.
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Example
• Decimal Number: 2910
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• As mentioned in Steps 2 and 4, the remainders have to
be arranged in the reverse order so that the first
remainder becomes the Least Significant Digit (LSD) and
the last remainder becomes the Most Significant Digit
(MSD).
• Decimal Number : 2910 = Binary Number : 111012.
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SEATWORK
1. Convert 30010 into the binary number system with base 2.
2. Convert 5BC16 into the decimal system.
3. Convert 1448 into the hexadecimal system
4. Convert 22310 into binary system
5. Convert (242)10 into hexadecimal.
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Answer:
1. 0001 0010 11002
2. 146810
3. 6416
4. 1101 11112
5. F216
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